關於科普類的小學英語閱讀理解

Ⅰ 求一篇一百字左右的英語科普文，越簡單越好，是科普類型就好，初中、小學水平都可以，及翻譯

PUBLIC ATTITUDES TOWARD SCIENCE
Anyway, even if one wanted to, one couldn't put the clock back to an earlier age. Knowledge and techniques can't just be forgotten. Nor can one prevent further advances in the future. Even if all government money for research were cut off (and the present government is doing its best), the force of competition would still bring about advances in technology. Moreover, one cannot stop inquiring minds from thinking about basic science, whether or not they are paid for it. The only way to prevent further developments would be a global state that suppressed anything new, and human initiative and inventiveness are such that even this wouldn't succeed. All it would do is slow down the rate of change.

Ⅱ 小學五年級上冊英語試卷(科普版)

五年級英語期末綜合卷
2009-2010學年度第一學期
聽力部分（50分）
一、聽錄音, 選出與錄音相符合的一項，並將其字母編號填在題前的括弧里。（每小題1分，共10分）
( ) 1. A. fish B. fresh C. often
( ) 2.A. homework B. housework C. house
( ) 3. A. closet B. clothes C. cabbage
( ) 4. A. dinner B. lunch C. breakfast
( ) 5. A. potatoes B. tomatoes C. mutton
( ) 6. A. village B. cabbage C. bridge
( ) 7. A. He』s tall and strict. B. She』s tall and strict.
C. She』s tall and strong.
( ) 8. A. There is a bed, an end table and a closet.
B. There is a bed, an end table and a desk.
C. There is a bed, an end table and a shelf.
( ) 9. A. I like fish and tofu.
B. I don』t like fish and tofu.
C. I』d like fish and tofu.
( ) 10. A. My math teacher is kind.
B. My music teacher is funny.
C. My Chinese teacher is smart.
二、聽錄音, 判斷句子或圖片的是否與錄音內容相符,相符的在相應題號下的括弧內打「√」 , 不相符的打「×」。（每小題2分，共10分)
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) 6. Dad can do the dishes, mom can cook the meals.
( ) 7. We can swim in the river in summer.
( ) 8. Tomorrow is Friday.
( ) 9. We have P.E. on Fridays.
( )10.There aren』t any houses in the village.
三、根據你在錄音中聽到的問題，將下面每組答句中最合適的答案選出，並將其字母符號填在句前的括弧里。（每題2分，共10分）
( ) 1. A. I like beef. B. I』d like beef. C. I don』t like beef.
( ) 2. A. Yes, he is. B. No, he is. C. Yes, she is.
( ) 3. A. Yes, they are . B. No, there aren』t. C. No, there are.
( ) 4. A. Monday. B. Math. C. Miss Wu.
( ) 5. A. She can sweep the floor. B. He can sweep the floor.
C. She often sweeps the floor.
四、根據錄音內容填寫下列句子中所缺的單詞, 使句子完整，每空只填一詞。（每詞0.5分，共5分）
1. Is there a ________ in the park? No, there ________.
2. _________ there any tall ________ in the city?
3. The ________ is ________ the door.
4. Amy can _______ the clothes and ________ the bed
5. I like _____________. ___________ sour.
五、根據你在錄音中聽到的內容,選擇相應的答案，將序號寫到前面的括弧里。（每題2分，共10分）
( ) 1. Today is _____________ (A. Saturday B. Sunday)
( ) 2. There is _____________ in the nature park. (A. lake B. river)
( ) 3. The river is ________ (A. near the house B. near the mountain)
( ) 4. There are houses _____the mountain.( A. in B. in front of )
( ) 5. We _________ the nature park. ( A. like B. don』t like)
筆試部分（50分）
六、選擇合適的句子，將對話補充完整, 並將字母編號填在橫線上。（每句2分，共10分。）

A:_______________________________________________?
B: I have two new teachers.
A: ______________________________________________?
B: An English teacher, a music teacher and a computer teacher.
A: Is your music teacher smart?
B: ______________________________________________.
A: What can she do ?
B: _______________________________________________.
A: What』s her favourite fruit?
B:_________________________________________________
七、閱讀短文，選擇正確的答案，並將其字母符號填在句子前面的括弧里。（每小題1.5分，共7.5分）
My name is Tim. I am a student. I』m 10. I』m from England. I have a new Chinese teacher. She』s Miss White. She』s very young. She』s tall and thin. She is strict, but she』s funny. Her class is so much fun. We all like our Chinese teacher.
( )1. Tim is an _________ boy.
A. Chinese B. English
( )2. Tim』s Chinese teacher is _________.
A. a woman B. a man
( )3. Miss White is _______ and ________.
A. young, tall B. young, short
( )4. Miss White _______ strict.
A. isn』t B. is
( )5. Miss White is a ______ teacher.
A. old B. new
八、閱讀短文，根據短文內容判斷句子是否正確，相符的括弧內打「√」 , 不相符的打「×」，每題1.5分，共7.5分）
I have a new flat. There is a living room, a kitchen, a bathroom and two bedrooms in it. Come and have a look at my bedroom. There is an air conditioner over the desk. There is an end table and a closet near the bed. And there is a picture over the bed. I have a trash bin behind the door. I empty the trash every day. Look! What』s under the desk? There is a chair. I love my bedroom. I clean my bedroom on Sundays.
( )1.There are two end tables in my bedroom.
( )2. There are four rooms in my home.
( )3. The chair is under the desk.
( )4. The door is behind the trash bin.
( )5. I clean my bedroom on weekends.
九．選擇合適的詞填空，使短文的內容完整，每詞只能用一次。（每條橫線1分，共10分。）
( lunch, day, new, trees , river, flower, It』s, air , water, to, from, for)
Amy is my _________ classmate. She』s 10. She often has _________ at school. She』s _______ USA. Her favourite ________ is Sunday. Because sometimes Amy and I can go _______ the nature park on Sunday. There are many _______ and a ________in it. The ________ is clean. The ________is fresh. We like the nature park. ______pretty.
十、根據圖片及答句寫出問句。(每小題2分，共10分）
1. A: _________________________?
B: Mr. King is my new teacher. 1. Mr. King

2. A: _________________________?
B: The houses are small. 2

3. A: _________________________?
B: No, there is an air-conditioner near the bed. 3

4. A: ____________________________________? 4
B：We have art on Wednesdays.

5. A: ____________________________________? 5
B: I often read books on Sundays.
十一、小作文：這是John的房間，簡單介紹一下裡面有什麼東西，放在什麼地方。要求：條理清晰，語句通順，不少於五句話。

Ⅲ 英語科普類文章

科普 教育 對我國小康社會、和諧社會的建設有著重要的意義。下面是我帶來的英語科普類 文章 ，歡迎閱讀!

英語科普類文章1

聽點小音樂 輕松學分數

Stuck on a tricky math problem? Start clapping. Grade school kids who learned about fractions through a rhythm-and-music-based curriculum outperformed their peers in traditional math classes. The work is inEcational Studies in Mathematics.

被一條數學題難住了?拍拍手試試吧。研究表明，小學生在有節奏感的音樂背景下學習分數知識的效果會好於傳統課堂(具體研究發表在《數學教育研究》上的《學術性音樂：如何用音樂輔助三年級小學生學習基礎分數》一文，作者：蘇珊·科瑞等)。

Fractions let you divide up a measure of music into notes of varying length. For example, one four-beat measure could contain a single whole note held for all four beats, two half notes of two beats apiece, four quarter notes of a beat each, and so on. In the Academic Music program, based on the Kodaly method of musical ecation, students clap, drum and chant to memorize the lengths of musical notes—then solve problems in which fractional notes must add up to a full measure of music.

根據分數的概念，一節音樂可分成長短不一的幾串音符。例如，一節四拍子的調子可包含一個代表四拍子的全音符，兩個各代表一個二拍子的二分音符，四個各代表一個一拍子的四分音符……以此類推。在“學術性音樂”項目中，研究人員以科達伊的音樂教育 方法 為基礎，讓學生通過打拍子、敲鼓、合唱記住各音符的長度，學生必須把這些片段加起來，才能得到一節完整的音樂——如此實踐可解決學生對分數的疑惑。

Sixty-seven students participated in the study. Half did math problems using the Academic Music system. And after six weeks, the students in the music program averaged 50 percent higher on tests than did the kids in regular math class. Fractions create a solid foundation for further math ecation—so mastering them is music to ecators' ears.

有67名學生作為實驗對象參與了本次研究，其中有一半在“學術性音樂”體系下解決數學問題。六周後，他們在測試中的得分要比普通班級中的學生平均高50%。分數是進一步進行數學知識教學的基礎——如此看來，這還多虧了教育者的耳朵。

英語科普類文章3

十萬年前的顏料工作室

Archeologists have discovered a paint proction studio in an ancient South African cave A new archaeological find may signify one of the great leaps in human cultural and cognitive history. Because researchers have discovered a 100,000-year-old art studio. It was known that ochre—rock with red or yellow pigments—was used for paint even that far back in history. But there was scant evidence for how it was prepared and handled. Then, in 2008, researchers uncovered an ochre mixing kit in a South African cave. They found two abalone shells, most likely used for paint mixing and storage. They also found ochre, bone, charcoal, grindstones and hammerstones. The researchers say the ochre was probably rubbed on quartzite slabs to create a fine powder. It was then mixed and heated with other crushed substances, including other stones or mammal-bone. Microscopic striations on the inner abalone surface likely are likely scrape marks left ring paint mixing. The research was published in the journal Science. The paint may have been used for body adornment or for long-gone artwork. And the presence of this paint-proction laboratory indicates that the early humans knew basic chemistry and could plan for the future.

考古學家在南非的一個古老洞穴中發現了一個油漆製作工作室。這個新的考古發現可能是人類 文化 和認知歷史的最偉大的跨越之一。因為研究人員發現的這個工作室產生於十萬年前。眾所周知，擁有紅色或黃色色素的赭石岩一直被廣泛運用於繪畫中，但卻少有證據顯示它是如何製作並運用的。2008年，研究人員 在南非的山洞中發現了赭石混合工具， 兩個可能用於調漆和儲存的鮑魚殼，除此之外他們還發現了赭石，骨頭，炭筆和石錘。研究人員稱，這些赭石很有可能經過在石英岩板上仔細研磨後，得到上等的粉末，然後再與 其他石頭或者是哺乳動物的粉末混合並加熱。用顯微鏡觀察鮑魚殼的內表面，你可以發現一些刮痕，這些都有可能是在混合顏料的過程中留下來的。這個發現已經被刊登在科學期刊上。這些顏料可能一直被運用在人體 彩繪 和長久失傳的藝術品上。而且這些顏料製作工作室的存在表明了早期人類對化學已有了基本的了解並具有了規劃未來的能力。顏料工具的一小步，人類歷史的一大步——辛西亞莫。

英語科普類文章3

你知道發燒的妙處嗎?

Fever can play a variety of roles, such as inhibiting pathogen replication. It also apparently increases the population of killer T cells of the immune system. Christopher Intagliata reports.

發燒有多種不同的作用，如抑制病菌復制。它還可以顯著增加免疫系統中殺傷性T細胞的數量。

I've always thought that when I get a fever, it's my body trying to make things uncomfortable for the invading pathogen. And that's often true—higher temperatures can inhibit the bad guys' ability to replicate. But my fever may actually be a one-two-punch. In addition to slowing down the invader, the heat helps the immune system recruit more troops for a counter-attack. That finding appears in the Journal of Leukocyte Biology.

我很早就知道，發燒的時候，其實是我的身體正在對入侵的病原體做出抵抗。這是事實---高溫可以抑制壞病菌復制的能力。但發燒更是一個組合打擊。除了減緩病原體的入侵，高溫可以幫助免疫系統召集更多的部隊做出抵抗。這一研究發表在《白細胞生物學雜志》。

Researchers warmed up one group of mice to body temperatures of about 103 degrees Fahrenheit. They left another group at normal core temperature—about the same as ours. Then they injected both groups of mice with an antigen, a substance that attracts the attention of the immune system.

研究人員將一組老鼠的體溫升高到103華氏度，另外一組保持正常體溫---大約是人體溫度。然後向這兩組老鼠的體內注射抗原——一種會引起免疫系統反應的物質。

Blood samples taken three days later revealed that the feverish mice had nearly twice as many killer T-cells: the kind of immune cells that can hunt down infected cells or tumor cells, and slaughter them.

三天後，這兩組老鼠的血樣表明，體溫較高老鼠組體內的殺傷性T細胞是正常組的2倍，這種免疫細胞可以追蹤感染細胞或癌細胞，並將其消滅。

So when you're sick and you get the chills, the authors say, your body may be trying to tell you to hop under some blankets. Lie down, warm up and send a message. The heat is on.

所以，當你生病或感到寒冷時，表示你的身體正直向你傳達信息--裹條毯子。躺在床上吧，熱起來，身體自會做出反應。熱度來襲啊。

Ⅳ 求5篇200字的英語閱讀小短文,(小學六年級的,科普版英語教材)！

First, English is a world language. It is said that you can communicate everywhere if you know English. Second, China is opposed to the opportunity to develop is economy worldwide.It is essential to know other countries' economic and cultural background. English is the key to the success. Third, more and more foreigners are interested in Chinese literature and culture. Mastering the English, we can better promote our heritage and let more people understand and like China. 摘自《 蘇教版小學六年級金卷》

Ⅳ 英語科普類文章有哪些

1、To Pull up the Seedlings to Help Them Grow “拔苗助長”

Once upon a time, there was an old farmer who planted a plot of rice. After he planted the seedlings, every day he went to the field to watch the seedlings grow. He saw the young shoots break through the soil and grow taller each day, but still, he thought they were growing too slowly. Eventually he got impatient with the young plants and suddenly he hit upon an idea that one by one, he pulled up the young plants by half an inch. The next early morning, the young man couldn’t wait to check his “achievement”, but he was heart-broken to see all the pulled-up young plants dying.

從前，有個農夫，種了稻苗(seedlings)後，便希望能早早收成。每天他到稻田時，都發覺那些稻苗長得非常慢。他等得很不耐煩。想了又想，他終於想到一個“最佳方法”，他將稻苗全都拔高了幾分。第二天，一早起身，他迫不及待地去稻田看他的“成果”。 哪知，卻看到所有的稻苗都枯萎了。

2、Plugging One’s Ears While Stealing a Bell “掩耳盜鈴”

Once upon a time, there was a man who wanted to steal his neighbor’s doorbell. However, he knew clearly that the bell would ring and catch the other people’s attention as long as he touched the bell. So he thought hard and suddenly hit on a clever “idea”. He plugged his ears with something, thinking that everything would go well when he stole the bell. Unfortunately to his disappointment, the bell still rang loudly and he was caught on the spot as a thief.

從前，有一個人想偷鄰居門上的鈴，但是他知道一碰到鈴，鈴就會響起來，被人發現。他想啊想，終於他想出一個“妙極”，他把自己的耳朵用東西塞起來，就聽不見鈴聲了。但是當他去偷鈴時，鈴聲仍舊響起來，他被別人當場抓住。

3、The Fox and the Crow “狐狸和烏鴉”

One day a crow stood on a branch near his nest and felt very happy with the meat in his mouth. At that time, a fox saw the crow with the meat, so he swallowed and eagerly thought of a plan to get the meat. However, whatever the fox said to the crow, the crow just kept silent. Until the fox thought highly of the crow’s beautiful voice, the crow felt flattered and opened his mouth to sing. As soon as the meat fell down to the ground, the fox took the meat and went into his hole.

有一天,一隻烏鴉站在窩旁的樹枝上嘴裡叼著一片肉，心裡非常高興。這時候，一隻狐狸看見了烏鴉，饞得直流口水，非常想得到那片肉。但是，無論狐狸說什麼，烏鴉就是不理睬狐狸。最後，狐狸贊美烏鴉的嗓音最優美，並要求烏鴉唱幾句讓他欣賞欣賞。烏鴉聽了狐狸贊美的話，得意極了，就唱起歌來。沒想到，肉一掉下來，狐狸就叼起肉，鑽回了洞。

Ⅵ 科普類英語文章

隨著科學技術的飛速發展和全球化進程的不斷加快，科普 文章 在向社會大眾普及科學技術知識，提高公眾科學素養等方面發揮著舉足輕重的作用。下面是我帶來的科普類英語文章，歡迎閱讀!

科普類英語文章

生物與環境平衡的危機

The history of life on earth has been a history of interaction between living things and their surroundings. To a large extent, the physical form and the habits of the earth’s vegetation and its animal life have been molded by the environment. Considering the whole span of earthly time, the opposite effect, in which life actually modifies its surroundings, has been relatively slight. Only in the present century has one species man acquired significant power to alter the nature of his world.

During the past quarter century this power has not only become increasingly great but it has changed in character. The most alarming of all man’s assaults upon the environment is the contamination of air, earth, rivers, and sea with dangerous and even lethal materials. This pollution is for the most part irrecoverable. In this now universal contamination of the environment, chemicals are the sinister partners of radiation in changing the very nature of the world the very nature of its life. Chemicals sprayed on croplands or forests or gardens lie long in soil, entering into living organisms, passing from one to another in a chain of poisoning and death. Or they pass mysteriously by underground streams until they emerge and combine into new forms that kill vegetation, sicken cattle, and work unknown harm on those who drink from once pure wells. "Man can hardly even recognize the devils of his own creation," as a scientist has said.

It took hundreds of millions of years to proce the life that now inhabits the earth. Given time not in years but in millennia life adjusts, and a balance has been reached. But in the modern world there is no time.

The rapidity of change follows the impetuous pace of man rather than the deliberate pace of nature. Radiation is now the unnatural creation of man’s tampering with the atom. The chemicals are the synthetic5 creations of man’s inventive mind, having no counterparts in nature.

To adjust to these chemicals would require not merely the years of a man’s life but the life of generations. And even this, were it by some miracle possible, would be futile, for the new chemicals come from our laboratories in an endless stream; almost five hundred annually find their way into actual use in the United States alone. Among them are many that are used in man’s war against nature. Since the mid 1940’s over 200 basic chemicals have been created for use in killing insects, weeds, and other organisms described as "pests."

It is not my contention that chemical insecticides must never be used. I do contend that we have put poisonous and biologically potent chemicals indiscriminately into the hands of persons largely or wholly ignorant of their potentials for harm. We have subjected enormous numbers of people to contact with these poisons, without their consent and often without their knowledge. I contend, furthermore, that we have allowed these chemicals to be used with little or no advance investigation of their effect on soil, water, wildlife, and man himself. Future generations are unlikely to forgive our lack of concern for the integrity of the natural world that supports all life.

地球上生命的歷史一直就是一部生物與其環境相互作用的歷史。在很大程度上，地球上動植物的形態以及習性都是由外部環境所塑造的。考慮到地球上生命存在的整個時間，相反作用，即生命對其周圍環境的實際改變作用，卻相對很小。只有在當前這個世紀(指20世紀)才有一個物種--人類，獲得了強大的力量，改變了其所生存的世界的自然狀態。

在過去的1/4世紀中，這種力量不僅日趨強大，而且其性質也發生了變化。在人類破壞環境的種種行為中，最令人擔憂的是人類向大氣、土壤、河流以及海洋中排放危險甚至致命物質，而當今這種污染在很大程度上是無法挽救的。在當今這種對環境的普遍污染中，化學製品與輻射狼狽為奸，改變著地球的自然狀態，也就是改變著地球上生命的自然狀態。噴灑到農田、森林或者花園里的化學物質長期滯留於土壤中，滲入有機體內，並彼此相傳，形成了一個中毒與死亡的鏈條。化學物質還神秘地通過地下水傳遞，最終以新的形式出現並結合，使植物毒死，牲畜害病，並使飲用一度純凈的井水的人遭受了不明之害。正如一位科學家所言：“人類甚至對自己創造的惡魔都不認識。”

地球歷經了許多億年才創造了棲息其上的生命。經過了一定時間--不是以若干年計而是以若干千年計的時間--生命開始適應環境，並形成了一種與環境的平衡。但是在現代世界中，時間這一因素已經沒有了。

環境改變的速度不再順從大自然從容不迫的節奏，而是順從人類急切匆匆的步伐。輻射是當今人類通過支配原子而得到的一種非自然的創造物。化學製品則是人類有發明創造力的頭腦創造出來的合成物，在自然界本無相應的東西。

為了適應這些化學製品，人類需要付出的時間不會只是一個人一生的時間，而是幾代人的時間。而即使這樣，就算出現奇跡成為可能，這種適應也是徒勞的，因為新的化學製品從我們的實驗室中源源不斷地湧出。僅在美國，每年就有大約500種化學製品投入使用，其中許多是用於人類對自然的戰爭中。從20世紀40年代中期起，人類已經創造了200多種基本化學製品用來消滅昆蟲、野草以及其他所謂的“有害生物”。

我不是說人類決不能使用化學殺蟲劑。我要說的是，我們不分青紅皂白地將這些有毒的、具有強大生物功能的化學製品，交給了那些對這些製品的潛在危害基本上或者完全無知的人去使用。我們使眾多的人接觸這些有毒物質，卻沒有徵得他們的同意，並常常將他們蒙在鼓中。我還要說的一點是，我們允許使用這些化學製品，卻事先很少或者根本沒有調查它們對土壤、水、野生生物以及人類自身造成的影響。我們缺乏對萬物賴以生存的自然界生態統一的關心，對此，我們的後代是不可能原諒的。

科普類英語文章

基因技術能否使人更聰明?Get Smart

Many people dream of having a smarter brain. Princeton neurobiologist Joseph Z. Tsien found the key. In September he announced that he’d built a better mouse by altering a gene that affects learning and memory. A similar process of gene manipulation might conceivably be used one day to boost intelligence in humans.

The secret lies in a feature of brain cells called the nmda receptor, which Tsien likens[1] to a cylindrical tube or window that mediates[2] the flow of information. When the window is open, chemicals called neurotransmitters flow through easily and memory is registered and stored. But as organisms mature, the window begins to close. (This may explain why children lose their facility for learning new languages when they reach sexual maturity and why some people suffer memory loss as they age.)

Tsien noticed that the receptor worked more efficiently when teamed[3] with the gene NR2B, so he introced extra NR2B genes into a batch of fertilized mouse eggs. In a normal mouse, the memory window is open for just 150-thousandths of a second. In Tsien’s specially engineered mice, the window opens for 250-thousandths of a second, long enough to make a remarkable difference in memory retention. When he pitted[4] his mice against common mice, they won paws down. Ordinary mice could recognize a Lego block for 12 hours, but smart mice could remember the block for up to three days. "That’s a profound enhancement," Tsien says.

Can it be done with humans? Maybe, but genetic engineering will have to make some extraordinary advances first. And some thorny ethical issues will have to be resolved. Meanwhile, Tsien promises to keep his furry little geniuses locked up in a lab, far from your larder. "Otherwise," he says, "you might need a smart cat or a smart mousetrap to catch them."

許多人都希望自己能變成更聰明。普林斯頓神經生物學家Joseph Z. Tsien就找到了這把開啟智慧之門的鑰匙：他於九月宣布，通過改變影響學習和記憶能力的基因培養出了一隻聰明的老鼠。類似的基因處理技術有望在未來日子裡運用到人腦，以推動人類智慧的飛躍。

該技術的奧秘就在於名為nmda感受器的腦細胞的功能。Tsien將其比作一個傳遞信息流的圓柱通道或窗口。當窗口開放時，某種稱為神經傳遞素的化學物質就能輕易流過，記憶因此登記並存儲了下來。然而，當器官成熟時，這扇窗口就開始關閉。(這也能解釋為何 兒童 長大後(性器官成熟之時)會失去掌握新語言的能力，以及為何某些人年老時會患失憶)。

Tsien注意到，當感受器與名為NR2B的基因協作時效率會更高。因此，他將NR2B基因植入一批老鼠的受精卵中。一隻普通老鼠的記憶之窗僅開放千分之150秒。而經Tsien植入基因的老鼠，記憶之窗能開放千分之250秒，這已經能夠使其 記憶力 發生驚人的改變。當他讓自己的老鼠與普通老鼠互斗時，它們竟能輕而易舉地取勝。普通老鼠能夠保留關於Lego block的記憶12小時，而聰明的老鼠居然能將記憶保持三天。“這可是一個意義深遠的進步。”Tsien這樣說。

那麼，人類也能接受這種基因移植嗎? 或許可以，但前提是基因工程得首先做出非凡的成就，還必須解決一系列棘手的倫理問題。Tsien保證他一定會將那些披著毛皮的小天才鎖入實驗室，遠離人們的食品櫃。“否則，”他說，“為了捉住他們，人們就不得不去尋找更聰明的貓或者功能更強的捕鼠器了。”

科普類英語文章

食用轉基因食品安全嗎?Food Safe To Eat?

Traditional plant breeding involve s crossing varieties of the same species in ways they could cross naturally.For example，disease-resistant varieties of wheat have been crossed with high-yield wheat to combine these properties.This type of natural gene exchange is safe and fairly predictable.

Genetic engineering(GE)involves exchanging genes between unrelated species that cannot naturally exchange genes with each other.GE can involve the exchange of genes between vastly different species――e.g.putting scorpion toxin genes into maize or fish antifreeze genes into tomatoes.It is possible that a scorpion toxin gene，even when it is in maize DNA，will still get the organism to proce scorpion toxin――but what other effects may it have in this alien environment?We are already seeing this problem――adding human growth hormone genes to pigs certainly makes them grow――but it also gives them arthritis and makes them cross-eyed，which was entirely unpredictable.

It will be obvious，for example，that the gene for human intelligence will not have the same effect if inserted into cabbage DNA as it had in human DNA――but what side-effect would it have?In other words，is GM food safe to eat?The answer is that nobody knows because long-term tests have not been carried out.

Companies wanting a GM proct approved in the UK or USA are required to provide regulatory bodies with results of their own safety tests.Monsanto’s soya beans were apparently fed to fish for10weeks before being approved.There was no requirement for independent testing，for long-term testing，for testing on humans or testing for specific dangers to children or allergic people.

The current position of the UK Government is that“ There is no evidence of long-term dangers from GM foods.”In the US，the American Food and Drug Administration is currently being prosecuted for covering up research that suggested possible risks from GM foods.

傳統的植物培育 方法 ，是依照植物自然雜交的方式，進行相同物種的人工雜交。比如，抗病小麥同高產小麥雜交，形成了一種具有雙重特性的新的小麥品種。這種自然的基因交換既安全，又具有相當的可預見性。

基因工程是在彼此毫無關系的物種之間，相互交換在自然條件下無法交換的基因。它可在有巨大差異的物種之間進行基因交換。比如，將蠍子毒素基因注入玉米，或者將魚防凍基因注入西紅柿。即使在玉米DNA中，蠍子毒素基因依然可能獲得有機組織產生蠍子毒素。但是在這種異質的環境中，這種基因產品會有什麼其他作用嗎?我們實際上已經發現這個問題：將人類生長荷爾蒙基因植入豬的體內，一定會使豬的生長加速，但是同時也使豬患上了關節炎和內斜視，而這一切是完全無法預測的。

打個比方，人類的智力基因顯而易見在人體DNA內和注入捲心菜DNA後的作用是不同的。但將它植入捲心菜中會產生什麼樣的副作用呢?換句話說，食用轉基因食品安全嗎?沒有人知道答案，因為人們尚未進行長期的測試。

在英國或者美國，一個公司如果希望其轉基因產品獲得批准，它必須向管理機構提供本公司轉基因產品安全測試的結果。Monsanto的大豆在獲得批准之前，曾用了10周時間進行喂魚試驗。目前，尚無要求對轉基因產品進行獨立測試、長期測試、人體測試，或者就其對兒童及過敏者所造成的特定危險進行測試。

英國政府目前的態度是：“尚無證據表明食用轉基因食品存在長期性的危險。”在美國，人們正在起訴美國食品葯品管理局掩蓋轉基因食品安全性的研究結果，這些研究結果表明，食用轉基因食品可能導致危險。

Ⅶ 小學英語閱讀理解解題技巧

在小學階段，閱讀理解題型靈活多樣，但主要有五種題型，不同的題型其實也是有不同解題技巧的。

一、讀一讀，然後選一選

這種題型的特點是在短文後給出若十個不完整的句子或若干個根據短文內容提出的問題，針對每一題都提供三到四個備選的答案，要求同學們在正確理解短文內容的基礎上，從選項中選出一個正確的答案。

這類試題的問題一般是緊扣短文內容編排的，既會涉及文章中的細節內容，如文中出現的人物、時間、地點、事件的前因後果等；也會涉及文章中某個詞或某個句子的含義以及文章的主旨、大意和標題等。

The big day comes at last!

Mrs Jones'third grade students are waiting quietly for her to come into the classroom. Today Amy brings some cakes, Joy brings some napkins, Carlos brings some soda water and Kate brings some cups. Everyone wants the party to he a surprise. Mrs Jones doesn't know the children have known today is her birthday. When she comes into the classroom, the children shout, 「Happy birthday, Mrs Jones!」

And then the children get a surprise,too. Mrs Jones brings everyone a party hat and an ice cream!

閱讀短文，選擇最佳答案。

( ) 1. Mrs Jones'grade students are waiting for her. A. three B.third C.No.3 D.the third

( )2. Carlos brings some一． A. cola B.napkins C.soda water D.cups

( )3． brings some cakes. A. Amy B.Carlos C.Joey D.Kate

分析

題1短文的第二句話告訴我們是瓊斯老師的三年級的學生們正靜靜地等候她的到來。在年級前面應該用序數詞來表示，如果是在年級後面就應該用基數詞表示。如：the third grade,=Grade Three.同時因為前面有定語Mrs Jones'，所以這里也應該不要the。

題2.3 短文介紹了幾個同學分別帶了一些東西。卡洛斯帶了soda water（汽水），艾米帶了蛋糕。

正確答案：1．B 2．C 3．A

二、讀一讀，然後判斷句子正誤

該題型的特點是在短文後給出若干個句子，要求同學們根據短文內容，判斷所給的句子意思是否與原文相符。做這類題應該聯系短文內容進行發揮，主要是考查對意思相近或相反的幾個句子進行鑒別、判斷，或是變換詞語、句子結構來測試同種意思的不同表達。

There are some public numbers. Do you know when to use these numbers? 110 is a number for calling policeman when you have niet some illegal things. 119 is a number using for a fire accident. 120 is a number for asking medical help when somebody is serious ill or hurt. Please do not dial these numbers for fun. It is forbidden. 閱讀短文，判斷正(T)誤(F)。

( )1. When you meet some thieves, you can call 110.

( )2. Somebody is serious ill, you can call 119.

( )3. There is a fire ac:cident in vour building, so you can call 119.

( )4.A girl was hurt by a car, you can call 120.

分析

這篇短文是介紹幾個常用電話號碼的用法。讀懂就會判斷句子的正誤了。

題l 意思是當你遇到小偷的時候，你應該拔打110。110是遇到違法事件時的報警號碼，所以判斷它是正確的。

題2意思是有人得了重病，你應該拔打119。1 19是發生火災時的求救號碼，所以判斷它是錯誤的。

題3意思是當你的房子發生了火災，你應該撥打119。可以判斷它是正確的

題4意思是一個女孩被汽車撞了，你應該拔打120。120是請求醫療急救的號碼，應該先送她去醫院+，所以可以判斷它是正確的。

正確答案：1.T 2.F 3.T 4.T

Ⅷ 小學英語閱讀題及翻譯(8)

"Oh, I made a mistake," said the man. "He is blind in the left eye." 「哦，我記錯了，」這個人說，「是左眼瞎了。」 Washington then took his hand from the left eye of the horse. 華盛頓拿開放在馬左眼上的手。

It was not blind in the left eye, either. 左眼也沒有瞎。 "

I made another mistake," said the neighbour. 「我又犯了一個錯誤，」這個鄰居說。

"Yes," said the policeman, " and you know the horse is not yours. 「是的，」警察說，「你知道馬不是你的。」

You must give it back to Washington." 你必須把它還給華盛頓。」

99.Asking the Way 問路

Mike is traveling around the country in his car. 邁克開車在環游城市。

One evening he is driving along a road and looking for a small hotel. 一天晚上，他沿著一條路開了很久，找一家小旅館。

Then he sees an old man at the side of the road. 然後他看見一個老人在路的一邊。

He stops his car and says to the old man, " I want to go to the Sun Hotel. 他停下車對這個老人說，「我想去太陽旅館。 Do you know it?" 你知道在哪裡嗎?」

"Yes, " the old man says." 「是的，」這個老人說。

"I'll show you the way." He gets into Mike's car, and they drive off. 「我會給你指路。」他進了邁克的車子，他們上路了。

They drive for about twelve miles. 他們開了大約12公里。

When they come to a small house, the old man says, " Stop here." 當他們來到一家小旅館時，這個老人說，「停在這里。」

Mike stops and looks at the house. 邁克停下車看著這間屋子。

"But this isn't a hotel," he says to the old man. 「但這不是旅館，」他對老人說。

No, " the old man answers. "This is my house. 「不是，」老人說，「這是我的家。」

And now I'll show you the way to the Sun Hotel. 現在我給你指到太陽旅館的路。

Turn around and go back nine miles. Then you'll see the hotel on the left." 掉頭回走9公里，你就會在左邊看見太陽旅館。」

100.The North Wind and the Sun 北風和太陽

The north wind and the sun are good friends. 北風和太陽是好朋友。

But one day they quarrel about something. 但一天，他們為了什麼事吵起來了。

"I am stronger than you, " the cold north wind says. 「我比你強壯，」寒冷的北風說。

"Indeed you are not. I'm stronger than you," answers the soft, warm sun. 「你當然不是。我比你強壯，」溫柔、暖和的太陽說。

Just then they see a man walking along the road. 就在這時，他們看見了一個人在路上走。

" I can get that man's hat off his head, " the wind says. 「我能讓那個人脫下帽子，」北風說。

"I can get that man's hat off his head, too," answers the sun. 「我也能讓那個人摘下帽子。」太陽說。

" Then let's see who can get the man's hat off his head," says the wind. 「那麼我們就來看看誰能摘下那個人頭上的帽子吧，」北風說。

"The one who can do that first is stronger." 「誰先做到了誰就更強壯。」

"OK! You try it first," says the soft, warm sun. 「好的!你先試，」溫柔、暖和的太陽說。

"All right!" So the north wind begins to blow. 「好的!」因此北風開始刮。

But the harder the wind blows, the tighter the man holds his hat and coat. 但風刮的越大，這個人把帽子和衣服裹的越緊。

The wind can't make him take them off. 風不能讓他脫下它們。

"It is my turn now," the sun says. So the sun comes out and shines down warmly upon the man. 「現在輪到我了，」太陽說。因此太陽出來，暖和的陽光灑向這個人。

The man feels hot. He takes off his hat firs, and then even his coat. 這個人感到熱了。他首先摘掉了帽子，然後甚至脫掉了外套。

"That's enough! You are stronger than I," the wind says. 「夠了!你比我強壯。」北風說。

小學英語閱讀技巧

一、精心滲透略讀法fskimming)

略讀又稱跳讀，是一種專門的非常實用的快速閱讀技能。所謂略讀，是指以盡可能快的速度閱讀，這就要求讀者有選擇地進行閱讀，可跳過某些細節，以抓住文章的大概，從而加快閱讀速度。

在小學階段我們不能一開始就要求學生自己獨立閱讀故事或短文，因為小學生還沒有具備閱讀技巧和能力。一旦遇到生詞學生就會覺得閱讀困難、學習枯燥無味，從而產生厭學情緒。因此，在開始閱讀訓練時，我只要求學生出聲把他們能認讀的讀出來。當你遇到不認識的單詞和不理解的句子時，請學生把它跳過去，只要求讀懂大意。例如，在教學閱讀補充材料Big cat 一課時，由於四年級的小學生剛剛接觸短文閱讀，根據學生的情況，短文中描述獅子生活習性的簡短的三句話，出現的生詞比較多，可是在學生讀完後，學生僅憑他們認識的關鍵詞~ther lionsleep~another lion catch 通過略讀的方法學生捕捉到信息，這些信息與他們日常生活知識產生了緊密地聯系，所以學生理解說：「我知道了獅子爸爸睡覺，獅子媽媽出去捕食物。」理解得多好，再讀短文的過程中，學生的知識得到了運用，從而使學生感受到了閱讀短文帶來了學以致用的樂趣。課後我給每小組發了一篇有關動物話題的小短文，讓他們嘗試運用略讀法閱讀。下節課把每組閱讀後了解到的內容講給大家聽。

二、恰當運用尋讀法(scanning)

尋讀又稱查讀，同略讀一樣也是一種快速閱讀技巧。與略讀不同的是，它帶有明確的目的性，有針對地尋找問題的答案，比如從資料中迅速查找某一項具體事實或某一特定信息，如人物、事件、時間、地點、數字等。尋讀既有速度，又准確。在尋讀時閱讀者可以把整段整段的文字直接映人大腦，不必字字句句過目，眼光要自上而下、一目十行地尋找與問題內容相關的詞句，一旦發現有關的內容，就稍做停留，將它記住或摘下，無關的內容則很快掠過。運用這種方法，閱讀者就能在最短的時間內掠過盡可能多的閱讀內容，找到所需要的信息，當回答有關who， when，where等文章細節問題的時候，用此方法一般都可很快找到答案，可以說「一查即得」。對於小學生來說他們會對這樣的閱讀感興趣。

尋讀法也是閱讀教學中常用的技巧之一。根據這種方法的特點，我們可以為學生在閱讀短文時設計出多種多樣訓練形式，如是非判斷題；結合內容把圖和文字搭配起來的訓練；把握信息填寫圖表等閱讀活動。為了完成任務，學生饒有興致地讀了起來。藉此時機教師就可以鼓勵學生運用尋讀法快速閱讀短文或故事。

三、閱讀策略還包括養成整體閱讀的習慣，用英語思維、猜測詞義、預測、分析、判斷、推理、歸納和總結等

閱讀策略在我們小學英語教學階段，教師有必要對學生進行英語閱讀策略的指導。教師可以根據學生的年齡特點，通過練習培養學生的閱讀策略，並逐步使學生有目地選擇和運用閱讀策略。教學永遠是一門遺憾的藝術，小學生的英語閱讀能力的培養和提高不是一蹴而就的。需要教師和學生共同努力才能逐步實現閱讀教學的目標。在這一過程中，只要我們能根據小學生的年齡特點和學習英語的規律，靈活地運用各種閱讀教學的策略和技巧，做到激發學生參與閱讀的興趣，做到注重課內的學習與課外的閱讀相結合，學生就會擴大知識面和提高閱讀速度，就會摒棄逐詞、逐句的閱讀習慣，小學英語的閱讀教學才能真正得到大幅度的提高。

以下幾條建議可以幫助你推論：

1.結合作者的思想、觀點及其創作目的、創作背景進行推論。

2.尋找作者直接陳述的諸多事件之間的聯系。

3.仔細體會一些重要詞的含蓄意義及其感情色彩。比如politician和statesman的意思都是「政客家」，但前者有貶義的色彩，即「政客」，後者則沒有。

4.從作者的語氣、語調、措辭等文體特徵，讀出作者的「言外之意」。

5.得出推論後，盡量從上下文中尋找證據。

6.充分利用自己各方面的知識，把文章中所述的事件和自己的閱歷或熟悉的事情聯系起來思考。

例題 Sun: Hello, I』m the sun. I』m strong. I give light to the earth. I』m No.1.

Moon: Hello, I』m the moon. At night Give light to the earth. I』m stronger. I』m No.1

Sun: Your light is from me, isn』t it?

Cloud: Don』t quarrel. When I am over the earth, you can』t give light to the earth. So everyone has his strong point. We are one family.

Sun Moon: Yes, you』re right. We are one family. We should help each other and take care of each other.

根據短文內容判斷正(T)誤(F)

( )1. The sun gives light to the earth at night.

( )2.The moon gives light to the earth at night.

( )3. The sun』s light is not from the earth.

( )4. When the cloud is over the earth, the sun can give light to the earth, too.

( )5. They should help each other.

評析:第1題根據SUN所陳述的內容可以得出結論,此題目是錯誤的.即使不從文章中找，根據常識我們都知道太陽總是在白天出現,它只能在白天給我們帶來光芒.第2題月亮在晚上帶給我們光亮，這個題目是正確的，根據MOON所述的內容。第3題太陽的光芒不是從地球上獲得的. The sun gives light to the earth.第4題根據CLOUD 陳述內容判斷此題目為錯誤的,第5題根據最後三人得出的結論,此題目是正確的.答案: F T T F T.

Ⅸ 英語閱讀理解

您好，
常見的命題方式：

What is the main idea of this passage?

What dose this passage mainly concern?

The main theme of this passage is_____________

The main point of the passage is___________

Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

The title that best expresses the theme of the passage is______

The purpose of the writer writing this passage is_____

Which of the following best describes the passage as a whole?

文章主題常常可以通過文章的寫作方法來體現，有以下幾種情況：

1。題句位於句首。主題句出現在文首，開門見山，提出主題，隨之用細節來解釋、支撐主題句所表達的主題思想。這是英語中最常見的演繹寫作法。2。主題句位於段末。主題句出現在文章結尾是作者採用了先擺事實，後作結論的手法。這種段落稱作歸納型段落。這是英語中最常見的歸納寫作法。3. 主題句首尾呼應。為突出主題，作者先提出主題，結尾時再次點出主題，這種首尾呼應的寫作方法也較為多見。通常，前後表述主題的句子不是簡單的重復，後面的表述往往有進一步的引申或發展的意味。4。主題句位於段落的中間。主題句出現在文章的中間，通常前面只提出問題，文章的主題由隨之陳述的細節或合乎邏輯的引申在文中導出，而後又作進一步的解釋、說明或發展。5。主題句隱含在段意之中。全文沒有明確的主題句。其中心思想包含在各個句子中，在這種情況下，讀者要把所有已知的細節綜合起來，進行邏輯推理，概括歸納出主題句。

【典例1】 The global energy crisis is approaching. What can we do? Here are some steps you can take。

Cooling puts the greatest stress on your summer energy bill and the power grid(電網). Just as a tune-up for your car can improve your gas mileage, a yearly tune-up of your heating and cooling system can improve efficiency and comfort. Clean or replaces filters monthly or as needed。

……

Drive the car that gets better gas mileage whenever possible if you own more than one vehicle. If you drive 12,500 miles a year, switching 10 percent of your trips from a car that gets 20 miles per gallon to one that gets 30 mpg will save you more than ￡65 per year。

Carpool. The average U.S. commuter(乘車上班族) could save about ￡260 a year by sharing cars twice a week with two people in a car that gets 20.1 mpg—assuming the three passengers share the cost of gas. (2008·安徽卷)

This passage is mainly about ________。

A. energy-saving tips B. fuel-saving tips

C. do-it-yourself tips D. environment-protecting tips

【解析】 本文主要介紹了如何節約能源。本文是一篇科普文章，主題很明顯，文章一開始就點明了主題，接下來整篇文章都是圍繞如何save energy展開，而save fuel僅僅只是其中的一部分。故選A。針對主旨大意類題目，應採用快速閱讀法(Skimming)瀏覽全文。在閱讀時，應特別注意文章的開頭、結尾及段落的段首句和段尾句，因為他們往往名包含文章的中心議題。

【典例2】 Domestic (馴養的) horses now pull ploughs, race in the Kentucky Derby, and carry police. But early horses weren』t tame (馴服的) enough to perform these kinds of tasks. Scientists think the first interactions humans had with horses were far different from those today。

Thousands of years ago, people killed the wild horses that lived around them for food. Over time, people began to catch the animals and raise them. This was the first step in domestication。

……

The domestication of horses has had great effects on societies. For example, horse were important tools in the advancement of modern agriculture. Using them to pull ploughs and carry heavy loads allowed people to farm more efficiently. Before they were able to ride horses, humans had to cross land on foot. Riding horses allowed people to travel far greater distance in much less time. That encouraged populations living in different areas to interact with one another. The new from of rapid transportation helped cultures spread around the world. (2008·北京卷)

The passage is mainly about _______。

A. why humans domesticated horses

B. how humans and horses needed each other

C. why horses came in different shapes and sizes

D. how human societies and horses influenced each other

【解析】 本文以時間為順序，記敘了人類對馬的馴化以及馬對人類的生活所產生的重要影響。本題考查主旨大意。前四段說明，人類馴養了野馬，使得馬的種類繁多，這是人類社會對馬的影響；最後一段說明，馬作為交通工具加速了人類文化傳播的進程。故文章的主題應是D所說的內容。此主題句出現在文章的最後一段。如果文章沒有明確的主題句，文章的中心思想往往包含在各個段落中，考生可採取提綱挈領的方法，通過分析細節把文章的要點歸納出來，概括出全文的中心思想。

選擇標題屬主旨大意題，是閱讀理解題常考的題型之一。那麼怎麼樣選擇文章的標題？ 選擇文章標題屬深層次理解題，它要求考生在通讀全文的基礎上，認真分析主人公的特定心態、文章大意及作者寫作意圖，在此基礎上，所選出的標題還應做到概括性、針對性、醒目性的有機結合。

1。概括性原則 要求標題應在最大限度上覆蓋全文，囊括文章的主要內容，體現文章的主旨。標題實際上是文章主題的一種確認方式。前面我們提到，通過尋找主題句，往往很容易確定短文的標題。但大多數文章的主題句並不明顯，需要我們通過體會字里行間蘊含的意思從整體上把握文章的主旨，從全局的角度概括歸納出文章的標題。要防止本末倒置，主次不分，以點代面，以偏概全。

2。針對性原則 針對性原則是對標題外延的一種界定。概括性原則要求文章標題包括文章的主要內容。但如果標題過大，就違背了針對性原則、針對性原則要求標題不能太過於概括，而是要直接指向文章的主旨。即標題不能太大也不能太小。要量體裁衣，大小適度。

3。醒目性原則 標題是文章的點睛之筆，是文章的靈魂。標題的好壞往往會影響文章的可讀性。讀者往往從標題上決定文章的閱讀取捨。故標題往往比較醒目，甚至比較離奇，目的是為了吸引讀者的注意力，喚起讀者對文章閱讀的興趣。所以在標題選擇的過程中，在滿足概括性和針對性的條件下，還要考慮標題的醒目性。

(二)推理判斷題

推理判斷題是指在理解原文字面意義的基礎上，通過對語篇邏輯關系的分析和細節的暗示，作出一定的判斷和推理，從而得出文章的深層意義及隱含意義的過程。推理判斷題在閱讀中屬於難度較高的題型，通常占總題數的15%－30%。它主要考查考生理清上下文邏輯關系的能力以及考生的識別能力。推理判斷題所涉及的內容可能是文中某一句話，也可能是某幾句話，要求考生在遵循原文意義的基礎上，對文章字面信息進行分析、挖掘、邏輯推理，揭示其深層含義。常出現的推理題有邏輯推理，知識推理等。這類考題中常出現的詞有：infer, imply, suggest, indicate, conclude, learn from, probably, most likely, can, could, might, may等。

常見的命題方式：

From paragraph one we can infer that_________

What can be inferred from the passage?

We can infer from the text that…?

What can we learn from…?

We can conclude from the passage that_______

The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that______

The author implies that_______

This passage would most likely be found in______

The author』s attitude toward…is_________?

推理判斷題要在閱讀理解整體語篇的基礎上，掌握文章的真正內涵。(1)要吃透文章的字面意思，從字里行間捕捉有用的提示和線索，這是推理的前提和基礎；(2)要對文字的表面信息進行挖掘加工，由表入里，由淺入深，從具體到抽象，從特殊到一般，通過分析、綜合、判斷等，進行深層處理，符合邏輯地推理。不能就事論事，斷章取義，以偏概全；(3)要忠實於原文，不能主觀臆想，更不能以自己的觀點代替作者的觀點；(4)要把握句、段之間的邏輯關系，了解語篇的結構。要體會文章的基調，揣摩作者的態度，摸准邏輯發展的方向，悟出作者的弦外之音。

希望我的回答對您有幫助，謝謝！祝您英語成績步步高！

Ⅹ 英語閱讀理解有哪幾種類型（如科普類）

建議你多做些科普類或者經濟類的，生詞一般都在那裡面，社科類一般都懂得。