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介绍美国节日风俗用英语怎么说

发布时间: 2021-03-02 00:27:21

㈠ 美国的新年习俗是什么(英文)

美国新年

30万人集体“干杯”。新年前夜,美国赌城拉斯维加斯聚集了大约三万名手持香槟的狂欢者。拉斯维加斯市计划在新年钟声敲响时,3万人将一齐举杯庆祝2006年的到来。拉斯维加斯将打破它们在2005年新年时创造的293000人的同时干杯的吉尼斯世界纪录。

据市长戈德曼说,今晚将由大型的明星演出,天鹅绒帘幕装饰的派对。2006年钟声敲响时,价值50万美元的焰火将在天空绽放。

加利福尼亚州的元旦庆祝别有特色,新年来临之际,大街小巷到处摆着玫瑰花,几十辆鲜花装点的彩车载着身着礼服的妙龄少女徐徐而过。人们会在节日期间选出当年的玫瑰皇后和玫瑰公主,在赞赏中迎来新年。

美国—烧旧物狂歌 意大利——摔摔打打过新年
United States New Year

300,000 people collectively, "Cheers." New Year's Eve, the United States gathered in Las Vegas about 30000 revelers holding champagne. Las Vegas City plans in the New Year when the bell rang, 3 million people will be together celebrating the arrival of 2006. Las Vegas will break their New Year in 2005, created 293,000 people at the same time drink Guinness world record.

Goldman, according to the mayor, said this evening will be a large star performances, velvet curtain decoration party. In 2006, when the bell rang, worth 50 million dollars will be fireworks bloom in the sky.

California New Year's Day celebration has other characteristics, the New Year is approaching, the streets around them the roses, dozens of cars carrying flowers decorate the floats of young girl wearing a dress slowly by. People will be elected ring the festive season then Princess Rose Queen and Rose, in appreciation of the welcome the New Year.

United States - burn the old things Poets Italy - throw beat played New Year

㈡ 美国的传统节日由来(英文)

每年2月日,是美国除犹他州(该州定2月22日为华盛顿诞辰纪念日)以外的49个州的纪念日,纪念乔治·华盛顿诞辰。其中,夏威夷州和明尼苏达州称为“总统纪念日”,俄亥俄州,威斯康辛州和西弗吉尼亚州称为“华盛顿—林肯纪念日”。
February 21 each year. Apart from the United States, Utah (the state scheled for February 22 in Washington birthday) in the 49 states outside the Day commemorating George Washington's birthday. Among them, Hawaii and Minnesota as "Presidential Day," Ohio Wisconsin and West Virginia known as "Lincoln Day, president of Dayton."

圣帕特里克节(St. Patrick's Day)是每年的3月17日,是为了纪念爱尔兰守护神圣帕特里克。这一节日5世纪末期起源于爱尔兰,美国从1737年3月17日开始庆祝。

公元432年,圣帕特里克受教皇派遣前往爱尔兰劝说爱尔兰人皈依基督教。他从威克洛上岸后,当地愤怒的异教徒企图用石头将他砸死。但圣帕特里克临危不惧,当即摘下一棵三叶苜蓿,形象地阐明了圣父、圣子、圣灵三位一体的教义。他雄辩的演说使爱尔兰人深受感动,接受了圣帕特里克主施的隆重洗礼。公元493年3月17日,圣帕特里克逝世,爱尔兰人为了纪念他,将这一天定为圣帕特里克节。
St. Patrick's (St. Patrick 's Day) is the annual March 17. Patrick Ireland to mark the sacred guardian. The festival originated in the late fifth century Ireland, the United States started from March 17, 1737 to celebrate. AD 432, St. Patrick sent by the Pope to Ireland to persuade the Irish Christian converts. He wicklow ashore, local anger him to death with stones in an attempt to pagans. But St. Patrick nearby tree immediately became alfalfa clover, to explain the image of Father, Son, The doctrine of the Holy Trinity. Ireland were so eloquent speech he was impressed by the implementation of the grand main St. Patrick baptized. AD 493, on March 17, St. Patrick's death, Irish people to remember him. St. Patrick's day to this.

愚人节起源于法国。 1564年,法国首先采用新改革的纪年法——格里历(即目前通用的阳历),以1月1日为一年之始。但一些因循守旧的人反对这种改革,依然按照旧历固执地在4月1日这一天送礼品,庆祝新年。主张改革的人对这些守旧者的做法大加嘲弄。聪明滑稽的人在4月1日就给他们送
假礼品,邀请他们参加假招待会.并把上当受骗的保守分子称为“四月傻瓜”或“上钩 的鱼”。从此人们在4月1日便互相愚弄,成为法国流行的风俗。18世纪初,愚人节习俗 传到英国,接着又被英国的早期移民带到了美国。
Fool's day originated in France. In 1564, France's first new reform law -- Gerry Calendar Li (ie, the current generic sun). to January 1 as the start of a new year. But conservative who opposed this reform, still stubbornly cling to the old calendar in accordance with the April 1 give a present that day. New Year celebrations. These conservative who advocates reform of the big mockery. Clever parody of them on April 1 to send it to leave gifts and invited them to participate at the reception. And deceived conservatives as "April fool" or "hooked fish." Since then people will ensure fool on April 1, France, a popular custom. The early 18th century, a fool's day practices reached England, followed by the British in the early immigrants to the United States.

复活节是最古老最有意义的基督教节日之一。它庆祝的是基督的复活,世界各地的基督徒每年都要举行庆祝。复活节还象征重生和希望。时间是春分月圆后的第一个星期日。
复活节是基督教纪念耶稣复活的节日。传说耶稣被钉死在十字架上,死后第三天复活升天。每年在教堂庆祝的复活节指的是春分月圆后的第一个星期日,如果月圆那天刚好是星期天,复活节则推迟一星期。因而复活节可能在3月22日至4月25日之间的任何一天。

Easter is the oldest one of the most significant Christian holidays. It celebrates the resurrection of Jesus, Christians around the world celebrate every year. Easter symbolizes rebirth and hope. The vernal equinox is the time to the first Sunday after the full moon. Easter is the Christian holiday commemorating the resurrection of Jesus. Legend was crucifixion of Jesus, after the third day of the revival of heaven. The annual celebration of Easter in the church means that the vernal equinox is the first Sunday after the full moon, if the full moon happens to be the day Sunday. Easter week is postponed. Easter may result in the March 22 to April 25 between any day.

植树节是由美国内布拉斯加州发起的。19世纪以前,内布拉斯加州是一片光秃秃的荒原,那里树木稀少,土地干燥,大风一起,满天黄沙,人民深受其苦。1872年,美国著名农学家朱利叶斯·斯特林·莫尔顿提议在内布拉斯加州规定植树节,动员人民有计划地植树造林。当时州农业局通过决议采纳了这一提议,并由州长亲自规定今后每年4月份的第三个星期三为植树节。这一决定做出后,当年就植树上百万棵。此后的16年间,又先后植树6亿棵,终于使内布拉斯加州10万公顷的荒野变成了茂密的森林。为了表彰莫尔顿的功绩,1885年州议会正式规定以莫尔领先生的生日4 月22日为每年的植树节,并放假一天。
今日的美国,树木成行,林荫载道。据统计。美国有1/3的地区为森林树木所覆盖。这样惊人的绿化规模同值树节是分不开的。
Arbor Day is sponsored by the United States Nebraska. 19 centuries ago, Nebraska was awash What is the wilderness, where trees are scarce land dry, windy together Lotus yellow sand, the people suffer a lot. 1872. Slovakia famous agronomist Julius Sterling Morton proposed regulations included Nebraska Arbor Day. afforestation plan to mobilize people. At that time, the State Bureau of Agriculture passed a resolution adopted this proposal. provided by the governor himself next Wednesday for the third annual Arbor Day in April. After making this decision, which resulted in millions of planting trees. After 16 years, they have, planting 600 million trees. eventually Nebraska 100,000 hectares of wilderness into a dense forest. To commend Morton achievements, 1885 Mohr leading to the formal state's birthday on April 22 as the annual Arbor Day. and the holiday. Today, the United States, the trip trees, are lined Road. According to statistics. The United States one-third of the area covered by forest trees. Alarming scale with the Green Tree Festival are inseparable.

现代意义上的母亲节起源于美国,由AmanmJarvis(1864-1948)发起,她终身未婚,一直陪伴在她母亲身边。1905年在母亲去世时,Amanm悲痛欲绝。两年后(1907年),Amanm和她的朋友开始写信给有影响的部长、商人、议员来寻求支持,以便让母亲节成为一个法定的节日。Amanm认为子女经常忽视了对母亲的感情,她希望母亲节能够让人多想一想母亲为家庭所付出的一切。第一个母亲节于1908年5月10日在西弗吉尼亚州和宾夕法尼亚州举行,在这次节日里,康乃磬被选中为献给母亲的花,并以此流传下来。1913年,美国国会通过了一份议案,将每年5月的第二个星期天作为法定的母亲节。母亲节从此流传开来!
Mother's Day originated in a modern sense, the United States, by AmanmJarvis (1864-1948) initiated by her unmarried life. always accompany her mother around. His mother died in 1905, Amanm distraught. Two years later (1907), Amanm and her friends began a letter to influential ministers, businessmen, - to seek support, so Mother's Day as a statutory holiday. Amanm that children often ignore the feelings of the mother. She hoped Mother's Day to make people think more families have to pay for all the mothers. The first Mother's Day on May 10, 1908 in West Virginia and Pennsylvania, During the festival, dedicated to mothers Carnation selected flowers and thus the passage of time. 1913, the United States Congress passed a bill, the second Sunday in May each year as Mother's Day statutory. Since then spread to the Mother's Day!

阵亡将土纪念日是美国大多数州都要纪念的节日,时间原为5月30日,1971年以后,为保证联邦雇员都能享有这一休息日,许多州将它改在五月的最后一个星期一。
美国南北战争中,无数将土在战火中阵亡。战争结束,南部许多家庭开始祭奠战争中阵亡的将土。他们不分南北双方,在春天向双方死者的基地都奉献鲜花,北方人为此深受感动,将这一举动视为民族团结的象征。当时美军指挥官约翰·A·洛根将军了解到这种情况,于1868年5月5日下令,批准当年5月30日要“向为保卫祖国而英勇牺牲的士兵们敬献鲜花”。
第一次世界大战后,人们开始在阵亡将士纪念日这一天祭奠所有在战争中死去的人们,后来在民间又逐渐发展为一般家庭祭奠逝去的亲人。这一纪念日在今天已成为一个普遍的祭扫日,同我国的清明节十分相似。
每逢阵亡将土纪念日,美国现役军人和老战土便排成长长的队伍前往墓地。他们鸣枪向阵亡将士致敬,并吹响军中熄灯号,表示让死难将土安息。
LDC killed most of the states must Memorial Day is the holiday time of the original May 30. 1971, to ensure that federal employees can enjoy the rest day, many states to adopt the last Monday in May. U.S. Civil War, countless people were killed in the war will territories. End of the war, many families began the south will hold a memorial service for those who died in the war territories. They are the two sides, in the spring flowers dedication to the bases of the two deceased, a northerner was greatly moved. This move will be seen as the symbol of national unity. At that time, U.S. military commanders know this John A. Logan, May 5, 1868 order, then approved on May 30 "to defend the motherland and for the heroic sacrifices of the soldiers presented flowers." After the First World War, Memorial Day began this day in the shrine to all the people who died in the war. Later, the family hold a memorial service for the general development of civil graally lost their loved ones. This Day has become a widespread sweep the tomb and pay respects to him today, very similar to China's Ching Ming Festival. LDC killed every day, the United States will be filed into a long line of soil and old team to the cemetery. They started to pay tribute to the fallen soldiers, the military and blew the lights-out signal that the LDC will allow victims to rest.

国旗是国家的象征,不只是. 其花色传达过去历史和未来目标. 旗具有强大的内涵. 他们的发言和政界人士. 一个国家的人民会烧国旗的另一个政治与他们不同意. 为了显示自己的愤怒,学生展示自己民族的旗帜与设计更改或完全切断. 独裁者挂旗; 异见扯裂下来. 在世界各国,治疗旗展示或陈述意见. 美国人把自己的国旗认真对待和二十世纪这已成为一个重要的问题. 道德规范都包括在这种规则作为国旗不能拿来作广告. 它不能涵盖古迹或天花板. 它虽然不能被折叠结果. 任何人都不应该写在一个美国国旗. 可以稍微降低其国旗的船舶在互贺, 但不应斜射否则任何人或其他物体.
National flags are not merely symbols of a country. Their colors and designs convey past history and future goals. Flags have powerful connotations. They speak to the people and politicians. People of one country will burn the flag of another with whose politics they do not agree. To show their anger, students display their own nation's flags with the design altered or cut out completely. Dictators fly flags; dissidents rip them down. In every country of the world, the treatment of a flag displays an opinion or statement. Americans take the treatment of their flag seriously and in the 20th century this has become an important issue. Included in the code of ethics are such rules as the national flag cannot be used for advertising. It cannot cover a monument or any ceilings. It must not be folded while being displayed. No one should write on an American flag. Ships can lower their flags slightly in greeting each other, but otherwise should not be dipped for any other object or person.

美国是世界上少数几个国家之一,已正式当日父亲 荣幸的是自己的孩子. 在6月的第三周七、父亲,全美各地有大礼 否则一顿晚餐就觉得特别. 起源父亲节并不清楚. 有的说它教会服务始于1908年,西弗吉尼亚. 有人说第一父亲节仪式在温哥华,华盛顿. 芝加哥分会主席狮俱乐部,亨利苍白、 据说有一次庆祝父亲节,与他的组织1915; 当天,他们选择的是第三周七月份最接近日期温顺的生日! 第一,无论何时真正父亲节发生 发起人是最强的度假布鲁斯约翰多德的夫人斯波坎,华盛顿. 多德的夫人,她是一位出色感受到父亲. 他是一位资深的内战. 妻子早逝,他曾向他们六个孩子的母亲. 1909年, 多德的夫人走近她的大臣和其他服务斯波坎大约有教堂献给父亲六月 5、父亲的生日. 这是迄今为止她太早部长准备服务 几个星期后,他于6月19日. 从此,华盛顿州的第三周七月份为庆祝父亲节. 孩子特别小食,或如果他们走访父亲分居. 国家和组织开始游说国会,宣布一年一度的父亲节. 1916年,威尔逊总统批准这一构想, 但直到1924年,当了总统卡尔文柯立芝一项全国性活动"建立更亲密的关系 父亲和子女之间,及使尽父亲的义务. " 从那时起,父亲被荣幸和家人公认的全国第三周七月份. 当孩子不能带他们参观了他们的父亲或晚餐,他们派出贺卡. 传统上,爸爸不太喜欢贺卡,感伤. 大部分贺卡都是父亲笑时公开. 衷心感谢正在给一些有需要的孩子,每当爸爸.
The United States is one of the few countries in the world that has an official day on which fathers are honored by their children. On the third Sunday in June, fathers all across the United States are given presents, treated to dinner or otherwise made to feel special. The origin of Father's Day is not clear. Some say that it began with a church service in West Virginia in 1908. Others say the first Father's Day ceremony was held in Vancouver, Washington. The president of the Chicago branch of the Lions' Club, Harry Meek, is said to have celebrated the first Father's Day with his organization in 1915; and the day that they chose was the third Sunday in June, the closest date to Meek's own birthday! Regardless of when the first true Father's Day occurred, the strongest promoter of the holiday was Mrs. Bruce John Dodd of Spokane, Washington. Mrs. Dodd felt that she had an outstanding father. He was a veteran of the Civil War. His wife had died young, and he had raised six children without their mother. In 1909, Mrs. Dodd approached her own minister and others in Spokane about having a church service dedicated to fathers on June 5, her father's birthday. That date was too soon for her minister to prepare the service, so he spoke a few weeks later on June 19th. From then on, the state of Washington celebrated the third Sunday in June as Father's Day. Children made special desserts, or visited their fathers if they lived apart. States and organizations began lobbying Congress to declare an annual Father's Day. In 1916, President Woodrow Wilson approved of this idea, but it was not until 1924 when President Calvin Coolidge made it a national event to "establish more intimate relations between fathers and their children and to impress upon fathers the full measure of their obligations." Since then, fathers had been honored and recognized by their families throughout the country on the third Sunday in June. When children can't visit their fathers or take them out to dinner, they send a greeting card. Traditionally, fathers prefer greeting cards that are not too sentimental. Most greeting cards are whimsicalso fathers laugh when they open them. Some give heartfelt thanks for being there whenever the child needed Dad.

18世纪中叶,英国在美洲的殖民地与英国之间,已有了裂痕。殖民地的扩张,使他们产生某种自觉,自觉到英国的迫害,而萌生独立的念头。1774 年,来自12州的代表,聚集在费城,召开所谓第一次大陆会议,希望能寻出一条合理的途径,与英国和平解决问题,然而英王却坚持殖民地必须无条件臣服于英王,并接受处分。
1775年,美洲独立军队和英国殖民军队在麻州点燃战火,5月,美洲独立军召开第二次大陆会议,坚定了战争与独立的决心,并发表有名的独立宣言,提出充分的理由来打这场仗,这也是最后致胜的要素。1781年,美军赢得了决定性的胜利,1783年,美英签定巴黎条约,结束了独立战争。
独立日是美国主要法定节日之一。1776年7月4日,由杰弗逊起草的《独立宣言》在费城大陆会议上正式通过,庄严地宣布美利坚合众国脱离英国而独立。《独立宣言》是具有世界历史意义的伟大文献,通过《独立宣言》的这一天也成为美国人民永远纪念的节日,定为美国独立日。
Middle of the 18th century, the British colonies in the Americas and the United Kingdom have a rift. Colonial expansion, so that they have some kind of conscious and conscious of the British persecution, and the idea of an independent initiation. 1774, representatives from 12 states gathered in Philadelphia, held a meeting of the so-called first subcontinent. hope to find out a reasonable way to settle the issue peacefully with the British. However, the king insists that the colonial must unconditionally succumb to the king, and accept the punishment. 1775, the American armed forces and the British colonial army in the independent Massachusetts flames of war, in May. American subcontinent independence forces held its second meeting with the independent firm determination in the war, and made the famous declaration of independence. fully justified to fight this battle, and this is also the last winning factor. 1781, the U.S. military has won a decisive victory in 1783, the United States and Britain signed the Treaty of Paris that ended the War of Independence. Independence Day is one of America's principal legal holiday. July 4, 1776, Jefferson drafted the "Declaration of Independence" conference in Philadelphia formally adopted the mainland, United States of America and solemnly declared independence from Britain. "Declaration of Independence" is a great history of the world literature, adoption of the "Declaration of Independence" that the American people will one day become a memorable day for the United States Independence Day.

1882年的9月4号,也就是124年前的今天。纽约市的工人领袖彼得.麦吉尔建议纽约所有的工会组织在这一天举行一场盛大的游 行,向资方要求更加合理的工作条件,同时也向纽约市民展示工人的力量和团结精神。
这一天,总共有两万多名纽约工人参加了游 行。他们高举“劳动创造一切”的标语,呼喊着“8小时工作、8小时休息、8小时娱乐”的口号,从纽约市中心的百老汇大道上一路走过。
此后,纽约市的工人每年都要在9月初举行类似的游 行活动。而且美国其他城市的工人组织也开始纷纷效仿。到了1894年,美国国会投票,把每年9月的第一个星期一指定为全国的劳动节。
The September 4 1882, was 124 years ago today. Peter leaders of the workers in New York City. McGill recommends all trade unions in New York held a grand demonstration that day. to satisfy the demand of more reasonable working conditions, but also to the citizens of New York to display the strength and solidarity of workers. On this day, a total of 20,000 workers took part in the demonstration in New York. They hold high the banner of "working to create all" slogans, shouting such slogans as "eight hours of work, eight hours of rest. eight hours of entertainment, "the slogan from New York's Broadway Road on the way through. Later, workers in New York City in early September each year at a similar demonstration activities. Organization of workers and other cities in the United States have begun to imitate. By 1894, the United States Congress to vote, the first Monday in September each year is designated as the national Labor Day.

哥伦布日为10月12日或10月的第二个星期一,以纪念哥伦布于1492年首次登上美洲大陆。
克里斯托弗·哥伦布是意大利航海家,出生于热那亚。1476年移居葡萄牙。他相信地圆说,认为自欧洲大西洋沿岸西行,可达东方。1492年10月,哥伦布率船3艘,水手87人,横渡大西洋,到达巴哈马群岛中的圣萨尔瓦多岛,成为西方第一个发现美洲新大陆的人。1493、1498、1502年他先后三次航行到美洲大陆沿岸进行实地考察。但他至死都误认为他所到达的美洲大陆是印度,故称当地居民为“印第安人”。
哥伦布日是美国于1792年首先发起纪念的。当时正是哥伦布到达美洲300周年纪念日,纽约市坦慕尼协会发起举办了纪念活动。1893年,芝加哥举办哥伦布展览会,再次举办了盛大的纪念活动。从此,每年的这一天,美国大多数州都要举行庆祝游行,教堂礼拜和学校活动以纪念这个具有历史意义的日子
Columbus Day on October 12, or the second Monday in October. Columbus's first landing in 1492 to commemorate the American continent. Italian navigator Christopher Columbus, was born in Genoa. Portuguese emigrated in 1476. He believed round to say that westbound from Europe's Atlantic coast, up to the east. In October 1492, three ships Columbus rate, the 87 sailors who sailed across the Atlantic. arrived at the island of San Salvador in the Bahamas Islands, the Western people first discovered the new world. 1493,1498,1502, he has three coastal navigation site visits to the American continent. But he died misconception that the arrival of the American continent, he is India, it said local residents as "Indians." Columbus was first initiated in 1792 to commemorate the United States. At that time, it was the 300 anniversary of Christopher Columbus reached America, Tammany Society in New York City, sponsored the celebration. 1893, Chicago organized exhibitions Columbus, held a grand ceremony again. Since then, every year on this day, the United States must be held to celebrate the procession most of the states, worship and church school activities to commemorate this hist

㈢ 谁能详细介绍下美国的节日,以及节日风俗习惯之类的,。。非常感谢!

美国传统节日
目录
新年(New Year's Day)
林肯纪念日(Lincoln's Birthday)
圣瓦伦丁节(情人节St. Valentine's Day)
华盛顿诞辰日(Washington's Birthday)
圣帕特里克节(St. Patrick's Day)
愚人节(All Fools' Day)
复活节(一般指春分月圆后第一个星期日)
植树节(Arbor Day五月的第二个星期五)
母亲节(Mothers' Day五月的第二个星期日)
· 阵亡将士纪念日(五月的最后一个星期一)
· 国旗日(Flag Day)
· 父亲节(Fathers' Day六月的第三个星期日)
· 独立日(美国国庆节)
· 劳动节(Labor Day九月的第一个星期一)
· 哥伦布日(Columbus Day)
· 退伍· 军人节(Veteran's Day)
· 万· 圣节(Halloween)
· 感恩节(Thanksgiving Day)
· 圣诞节(Christmas)
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新年(New Year's Day)
新年是全美各州一致庆祝的主要节日。美国人过新年,最热闹的是除夕晚上。是夜,人们聚集在教堂、街头或广场,唱诗、祈祷、祝福、忏悔,并一同迎候那除旧更新的一瞬。午夜12点,全国教堂钟声齐鸣,乐队高奏著名的怀旧歌曲《一路平安》。在音乐声中,激动的人们拥抱在一起,怀着惜别的感伤和对新生活的向往共同迎来新的一年。
新年在美国并不是最热闹的节日,但仍有不少盛大的庆祝活动,加利福尼亚州的玫瑰花会是美国规模最大的新年盛典,届时用鲜花特别是玫瑰花扎成的彩车绵延数英里,车上摆满鲜花做的各种模型,不仅吸引加州的男女老少簇拥街头,而且还吸引着上百万电视观众。在费城,有举行化装游行的传统,参加游行的人们,有的装扮成小丑,有的装扮成妇女(按照古老的习俗,这个游行不允许女人参加),随着彩车载歌载舞,热闹非凡。
美国人还有一个有意思的习惯,就是在新年许愿立志,他们称之为“新年决心”。这决心通常不是什么宏图大志,而是一些朴实而实际的打算,例如“我一定戒烟”、“我要好好对待邻居”等等。他们总是坦率地讲给大家听,以期得到监督和鼓励。
据说美国的印第安人也有独特的新年习俗。每到除夕之夜,他们就举行富有特色的篝火晚会,一家人围在篝火旁边,载歌载舞。待至晨曦微露,他们就把破旧衣物付之一炬,作为除旧迎新的象征。
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林肯纪念日(Lincoln's Birthday)
亚伯拉罕·林肯是美国南北战争的领导者,为废除奴隶制立下了不朽功勋。其诞辰日2月12日现为美国除南部外的26个州的法定纪念日。
1809年2月12日,林肯诞生于肯塔基州一农民家庭。1834年,林肯被选入伊利诺斯州议会,1847年当选为国会众议员。他公开抨击蓄奴制。1860 年,林肯当选美国第16任总统。这时南部7州组成南方邦联政府,企图分裂美国。林肯内阁遂决定用武力维护联邦统一。1861年南北战争爆发。1863年1 月,林肯宣布了《解放宣言》,使美国所有的奴隶从法律上获得了自由。1865年,历经4年苦战的美国内战终于结束,北方获得最后胜利,为美国资本主义的发展彻底扫清了道路。1865年4月14日,林肯在华盛顿福特剧院看戏时,被一个名叫约翰·布思的南方暴徒连击数枪,子弹射中头部,伤及大脑,翌日凌晨与世长辞。
多少年过去了,林肯仍然在美国人民心中占有崇高的地位。每逢林肯诞辰日,人们便举行讲演,发表纪念文章,去林肯纪念堂的瞻仰者更是络绎不绝。
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圣瓦伦丁节(情人节St. Valentine's Day)
2月14日,是西方传统的圣瓦伦丁节,又称“情人节”,它具有悠久的历史。古罗马时代的牧神节,就是一个情侣们的节日。是日男女青年欢聚一堂,姑娘们把表达爱情的祝词放在签筒里,小伙子依次抽签,抽到哪位姑娘的祝词,那位姑娘就成为他的恋人。
基督教兴起,教会对牧神节习俗不以为然。但由于这个节日受到青年人的偏爱,到公元7世纪,教会便把这个节日同基督教联系在一起,用基督教殉教者圣瓦伦丁主教的名字为这个节日重新命名,并把日期由原来的2月15日改为2月14日。传说,公元3世纪,罗马皇帝认为已婚男子不愿离家当兵,因此发布了一道禁止结婚的法令。圣瓦伦丁主教因违背皇帝旨意,秘密为青年人举行婚礼,而遭到监禁,于公元273年2月14日死于狱中。
圣瓦伦丁节曾是英国人喜爱的节日,随着新大陆的开发,英国移民把这一富有浪漫色彩的节日带到了北美,逐渐在美国生根开花。
年轻人是圣瓦伦丁节当之无愧的主角,他们要在这一节日里郑重其事地为恋人选择礼物、赠送鲜花,表达自己的爱慕之情。痴情的姑娘可能会按照古老的传说,在圣瓦伦丁节前夜把月桂树叶放在枕头上,盼望在梦中同自己的心上人相会。
在美国,圣瓦伦丁节已不仅仅是青年人的节日,亲人朋友之间都可以互送小礼品以表达感情增进友谊。不少商店专门出售这类礼品,如装饰成心形的巧克力糖、或者系着缎带的红玫瑰和郁金香花束。至于各式各样的情人卡,更是比比皆是。
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华盛顿诞辰日(Washington's Birthday)
乔治·华盛顿作为美国的开国元勋和第一任总统而为美国人民永远纪念,其诞辰日2月22日是美国各州的法定假日。
1732年2月22日,华盛顿诞生于弗吉尼亚州。早年曾在英国殖民军中服役。1756~63年英法七年战争中因作战有功升为上校。1775~81年独立战争期间,当选为大陆军总司令,率领殖民地人民浴血奋战,迫使英国于1783年正式承认美国独立。1789年,华盛顿当选美国第一任总统,连任两届。任期内为新生国家的巩固做出了巨大贡献。美国最高法院、国务院、财政部以及其他重要政府机构都是在华盛顿执政时设立的。1797年,华盛顿功成身退,为美国确立总统内阁制,废除世袭制起了决定性作用。1799年12月14日华盛顿病逝。
美国独立前,人们每年都要为英国国王庆祝诞辰。宣布独立后,美国人民转而庆祝华盛顿将军的生日。这一习惯始于1778年。当时华盛顿正率军坚守瓦利要塞,一支炮兵乐队在他生日之际为他演奏了小夜曲。现在华盛顿诞辰日已成为联邦各州的法定节日,届时各州都普遍举行隆重的公众仪式、盛大宴会等庆祝活动。美国人在这一天还喜欢吃樱桃馅饼,玩纸制小斧,这一习俗来源于华盛顿幼小时用斧砍坏樱桃树后向其父诚实认错的故事。
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圣帕特里克节(St. Patrick's Day)
圣帕特里克节为3月17日,以纪念爱尔兰守护神圣帕特里克。这一节日5世纪末期起源于爱尔兰,美国从1737年3月17日开始庆祝。
公元432年,圣帕特里克受教皇派遣前往爱尔兰劝说爱尔兰人皈依基督教。他从威克洛上岸后,当地愤怒的异教徒企图用石头将他砸死。但圣帕特里克临危不惧,当即摘下一棵三叶苜蓿,形象地阐明了圣父、圣子、圣灵三位一体的教义。他雄辩的演说使爱尔兰人深受感动,接受了圣帕特里克主施的隆重洗礼。公元493年3 月17日,圣帕特里克逝世,爱尔兰人为了纪念他,将这一天定为圣帕特里克节。
1737年,一些爱尔兰绅士和商人们在美国马萨诸塞州波士顿聚会纪念圣帕特里克,并成立了爱尔兰慈善社团。1780年和1784年,费城和纽约先后成立了圣帕特里克友谊之子等团体,从此美国每年都庆祝这个节日。
美国的圣帕特里克节这一天,人们通常要举行游行、教堂礼拜和聚餐等活动。美国的爱尔兰人喜欢佩带三叶苜蓿,用爱尔兰的国旗颜色——绿黄两色装饰房间,身穿绿色衣服,并向宾客赠送三叶苜蓿饰物等。
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愚人节(All Fools' Day)
4月1日是西方也是美国的民间传统节日——愚人节。愚人节起源于法国。1564年,法国首先采用新改革的纪年法,即目前的公历,以1月1日为一年之始。但一些因循守旧的人依然按照旧历固执地在4月1日这一天庆祝新年。主张改革的人对这些守旧者大加嘲弄。在4月1日给他们送假礼品,邀请他们参加假招待会,并把上当受骗的保守分子称为“四月傻瓜”。从此人们每逢4月1日便互相愚弄,成为法国流行的习俗。18世纪初,愚人节习俗传到英国,接着又被英国的早期移民带到了美国。
愚人节,人们常常组织家庭聚会,用水仙花和雏菊把房间装饰一新。典型的传统做法是布置假环境,如把房间布置得像过新年一样,等客人到来时则祝他们“新年快乐”,令人感到别致有趣。
不过愚人节最典型的活动还是大家相互开玩笑,捉弄对方,比如,小孩子会告诉父母说自己的书包破了个洞,或者脸上有个黑点,等大人俯身来看时,他们就一边喊着“四月傻瓜”,一边笑着跑开去。
如今的愚人节在美国已主要是淘气的男孩子们的节日。
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复活节(一般指春分月圆后第一个星期日)
复活节是基督教纪念耶稣复活的一个宗教节日。每年,春分过去,第一次月圆后的第一个星期日就是复活节。日期年年不同,一般在3月22日至4月25日之间。
复活节有不少传统习惯,最典型的要数复活节彩蛋。古人常把蛋视为多子多孙和复活的象征。后来基督教徒又赋予蛋新的涵义,认为它是耶稣墓的象征,未来的生命就是从其中挣脱而出世的。复活节时人们把鸡蛋染成红色,代表耶稣受难时流出的鲜血,同时也象征复活后的快乐。还有一种古老的习俗,是把煮熟的鸡蛋送给街头的孩子们做游戏,他们把蛋往前滚,谁的蛋最后破,谁就获得胜利,蛋全归他所有。
兔子也是复活节的象征。因为兔子繁殖力很强,所以人们把它视为新生命的表现者。大人常绘声绘色地告诉孩子复活节彩蛋是兔子下的,并把彩蛋放在花园里,让孩子们玩找蛋游戏。
现在每逢复活节,美国大小糖果店总要出售用巧克力制成的复活节小兔和彩蛋。这些彩蛋小的和鸡蛋差不多,大的竟有甜瓜那么大,孩子们自然喜欢,送给亲戚朋友,也不失为上佳礼品。
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植树节(Arbor Day五月的第二个星期五)
植树节是一个州定节日,没有全美统一规定的日期。但是每年4、5月间,美国各州都要组织植树节活动。例如,罗得岛州规定每年5月份的第二个星期五为植树节,并放假一天。其他各州有的是固定日期,有的临时决定日期。每当这一天到来,以学生为主的社会各界群众便组成浩浩荡荡的植树大军,投入植树活动。
植树节是由内布拉斯加州发起的。19世纪以前,内布拉斯加州是一片光秃秃的荒原,大风一起,满天黄沙,人民深受其苦。1872年,美国著名农学家莫尔顿提议在内布拉斯加州定立植树节,动员人民有计划地植树造林。当时州农业局通过决议采纳了这一提议,由州长规定每年4月份的第三个星期三为植树节。这一决定做出后,当年就植树上百万棵。此后的16年间,又先后植树6亿棵,终于使内布拉斯加州10万公顷的荒野变成了茂密的森林。为表彰莫尔顿的功绩,1885年州议会正式规定以莫尔顿的生日4月22日为每年的植树节,并放假一天。
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母亲节(Mothers' Day五月的第二个星期日)
美国的母亲节始于1907年5月,要求定立母亲节这一倡议是费城安娜·贾维斯提出的。她曾亲自在教堂安排仪式,组织活动,要求前来参加者胸前佩带白色石竹花。这一活动引起了不少人的关注和兴趣,翌年便有更多的教堂纷纷组织同样的活动。人们一致决定将每年5月的第二个星期日定为母亲节。
1911年,庆祝母亲节的活动已经开展得非常广泛,不仅席卷美国各州,而且连加拿大、墨西哥和南美的一些国家也都开始庆祝这个节日。此后几年中,庆祝母亲节的热潮有增无已。1912年,美国专门成立了母亲节国际协会。1913年5月,美国众议院一致通过决议,号召总统及内阁、参众两院和联邦政府的所有官员一律在母亲节佩带白色石竹花。1914年,美国国会正式命名5月的第二个星期二为母亲节。紧接着,威尔逊总统昭告全国公民在自己的住宅上悬挂国旗以表达人们对美国全体母亲的热爱和尊敬。此后美国总统每年都要发表一篇内容相同的宣言。
在胸前佩带石竹花,颜色是有讲究的。初时一律为白色,后来则变成那些母亲已经去世的人佩带白色石竹花,而母亲仍然健在的人则佩带红色石竹花。这一天,人们总要想方设法使母亲愉快地度过节日,感谢她们一年的辛勤劳动。最普通的方式是向母亲赠送母亲节卡片或礼物,还有些家庭则由丈夫孩子们把全部家务活包揽下来。
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阵亡将士纪念日(五月的最后一个星期一)
阵亡将士纪念日是美国大多数州都要纪念的节日,时间原为5月30日,1971年以后,为保证联邦雇员都能享有这一休息日,许多州将它改在5月的最后一个星期一。
美国南北战争中,无数将士在战火中阵亡。战争结束,南部许多家庭开始祭奠战争中阵亡的将士。他们不分南北双方,在春天向双方死者的墓地都奉献鲜花,北方人为此深受感动,将这一举动视为民族团结的象征。1868年,5月30日这一天被正式批准为向为保卫祖国而英勇牺牲的士兵们敬献鲜花的日子。
第一次世界大战后,人们开始在阵亡将士纪念日这一天祭奠所有的战争死难者,后来在民间又逐渐发展为一般家庭祭奠逝去的亲人。今天已成为一个普遍的祭扫日,同我国的清明节十分相似。
每逢阵亡将士纪念日,美国现役军人和老战士便排成长长的队伍前往墓地,鸣枪向阵亡将士致意,吹响军中熄灯号让死难将士安息。
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国旗日(Flag Day)
国旗日是纪念美国大陆会议1777年6月14日通过了美国第一面正式国旗。目前,每逢是日,到处可见美国国旗迎风飘扬,全国各地都要举行纪念活动,以示对国旗的敬意。
美国第一次大规模的国旗纪念活动是1876年庆祝建国100周年时进行的。19世纪90年代,不少公立学校倡议每年在6月14日举行国旗纪念活动,很快得到了广泛的响应。1893年费城首先承认6月14日为国旗纪念日,1897年纽约州也承认了这一节日,并要求这一天各大建筑物上必须悬挂国旗。进入20世纪后,美国国旗协会再次发起纪念活动,国会为响应他们的倡议,于1949年正式确认6月14日为美国国旗日。
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父亲节(Fathers' Day六月的第三个星期日)
人们在庆祝母亲节的同时,也没有忘记父亲的功绩。1909年就有人建议确定父亲节。据说第一个提出这种建议的是华盛顿的约翰·多德夫人。多德夫人的母亲早亡,其父独自一人承担起抚养教育孩子的重任,
把他们全部培养成人。1909年,多德夫人感念父亲养育之恩,准备为他举行活动,同时想到所有的父亲对家庭和社会的贡献,于是给当地一家教士协会写信,建议把6月的第三个星期日定为父亲节。该协会将建议提交会员讨论,获得了通过。1910年6月,人们便在此庆祝了第一个父亲节,当时,凡是父亲已故的人都佩带一朵白玫瑰,父亲在世的人则佩带红玫瑰。这种习俗一直流传至今。
开始时父亲节的日期在各地有所不同。而且有的地方用蒲公英作为父亲节的标志,有的地方则用衬有一片绿叶的白丁香作为父亲节的标志。1916年父亲节得到了美国第28任总统威尔逊的首肯,1924年美国第30任总统柯立芝建议将其定为全国性节日。1934年6月,美国国会统一规定6月的第三个星期日为父亲节。
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独立日(美国国庆节)
日期为7月4日,以纪念1776年7月4日大陆会议通过《独立宣言》。
《独立宣言》由托马斯·杰佛逊起草,1776年7月4日由大陆会议主席约翰·汉寇克签字生效。《独立宣言》提出了一切人生而平等,具有追求幸福与自由的天赋权利,政府的权力来自人民;历数了英国对北美13州进行殖民统治的罪行;最后庄严宣告美利坚合众国脱离英国而独立。从此,通过《独立宣言》的这一天成为美国人民永远纪念的节日。
早期独立日的庆祝活动主要是游行和演讲,后来又增加了户外活动、体育比赛等项目。燃放爆竹、烟花的活动曾一度十分流行,20世纪后为防止发生火灾等危险而取消。
今天,独立日在美国是一个相当热闹的节日,每逢这一天,全美大大小小的教堂钟声齐鸣,首先敲响的是费城自由钟。各地居民自发地举行庆祝游行,各种彩车、小型乐队和欢乐的人群排成浩浩荡荡的队伍,景象十分壮观。
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劳动节(Labor Day九月的第一个星期一)
劳动节是美国全国性节日,为9月的第一个星期一,放假一天,以示对劳工的尊重。
1882年,美国木工兄弟会主席彼得·麦奎尔首先提出设立一个劳动节。同年,美国劳动骑士团也通过同样的决定,并在纽约举行了庆祝游行。1884年,劳动骑士团进一步决定,每年劳动节都要举行游行等庆祝活动。
1887年2月,俄勒冈州第一个通过立法确定劳动节为法定节日,紧接着卡罗来纳、新泽西、纽约、马萨诸塞各州也通过了同样的立法,均把劳动节的日期定为9月的第一个星期一。1894年,美国国会正式宣布劳动节为全国性节日。
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哥伦布日(Columbus Day)
哥伦布日为10月12日或10月的第二个星期一,以纪念哥伦布于1492年首次登上美洲大陆。
克里斯托弗·哥伦布是意大利航海家,出生于热那亚。1476年移居葡萄牙。他相信地圆说,认为自欧洲大西洋沿岸西行,可达东方。1492年10月,哥伦布率船3艘,水手87人,横渡大西洋,到达巴哈马群岛中的圣萨尔瓦多岛,成为西方第一个发现美洲新大陆的人。1493、1498、1502年他先后三次航行到美洲大陆沿岸进行实地考察。但他至死都误认为他所到达的美洲大陆是印度,故称当地居民为“印第安人”。
哥伦布日是美国于1792年首先发起纪念的。当时正是哥伦布到达美洲300周年纪念日,纽约市坦慕尼协会发起举办了纪念活动。1893年,芝加哥举办哥伦布展览会,再次举办了盛大的纪念活动。从此,每年的这一天,美国大多数州都要举行庆祝游行,教堂礼拜和学校活动以纪念这个具有历史意义的日子。
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退伍军人节(Veteran's Day)
10月份的第四个星期一是退伍军人节。这是美国全国性节日,以向历次战争的退伍军人表示敬意。
退伍军人节是从原11月11日的第一次世界大战停战日演变而来的。1919年一战结束后,美国人每年都要照例举行庆祝活动。但是事过境迁,到1953年,人们的庆祝热情已经明显减退。1954年6月1日,美国总统艾森豪威尔签署了一项国会法案,将停战纪念日更名为退伍军人节,将纪念的意义也扩大为向全体退伍军人表示敬意。从此每逢这一天,美国总统和各州州长都要宣布向全体美国退伍军人致敬,缅怀他们在战争期间的功绩。这一天,到处旗帜招展,退伍老兵纷纷集队游行。在华盛顿的阿林顿国家公墓无名战士墓前,人们还举行各种纪念活动,在美国人眼里,无名战士象征着所有为保卫国家而战死的军人。
1968年,美国国会通过了“星期日假日法”,将退伍军人节改在每年10月的第四个星期一,以使人们可以度过三天周末。这一立法从1971年开始生效,目前美国大多数州都采用这个日期纪念退伍军人节。
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万圣节(Halloween)
11月1日万圣节是西方的传统节日。万圣节前夜,即10月31日夜晚,是儿童们纵情玩乐的好时候。它在孩子们眼中,是一个充满神秘色彩的节日。夜幕降临,孩子们便迫不及待地穿上五颜六色的化妆服,戴上千奇百怪的面具,提上一盏“杰克灯”跑出去玩。“杰克灯”的样子十分可爱,做法是将南瓜掏空,外面刻上笑眯眯的眼睛和大嘴巴,然后在瓜中插上一支蜡烛,把它点燃,人们在很远的地方便能看到这张憨态可掬的笑脸。
收拾停当后,一群群装扮成妖魔鬼怪的孩子手提“杰克灯”,跑到邻居家门前,威吓般地喊着:“要恶作剧还是给款待”、“给钱还是给吃的”。如果大人不用糖果、零钱款待他们,那些调皮的孩子就说到做到:好,你不款待,我就捉弄你。他们有时把人家的门把手涂上肥皂,有时把别人的猫涂上颜色。这些小恶作剧常令大人啼笑皆非。当然,大多数人家都非常乐于款待这些天真烂漫的小客人。所以万圣节前夜的孩子们总是肚子塞得饱饱的,口袋装得满满的。
为了保护儿童和对他们加以引导,美国的学校和家庭常在万圣节前夜为他们组织丰富多彩的晚会和娱乐活动。孩子们自己动手布置会场,装饰环境,然后装扮成女巫或海盗等模样表演各种节目或做游戏玩。万圣节前夜最流行的游戏是“咬苹果”。游戏时,人们让苹果漂浮在装满水的盆里,然后让孩子们在不用手的条件下用嘴去咬苹果,谁先咬到,谁就是优胜者
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感恩节(Thanksgiving Day)
11月的第四个星期四是感恩节。感恩节是美国人民独创的一个古老节日,也是美国人合家欢聚的节日,因此美国人提起感恩节总是倍感亲切。
感恩节的由来要一直追溯到美国历史的发端。1620年,著名的“五月花”号船满载不堪忍受英国国内宗教迫害的清教徒102人到达美洲。1620年和 1621年之交的冬天,他们遇到了难以想象的困难,处在饥寒交迫之中,冬天过去时,活下来的移民只有50来人。这时,心地善良的印第安人给移民送来了生活必需品,还特地派人教他们怎样狩猎、捕鱼和种植玉米、南瓜。在印第安人的帮助下,移民们终于获得了丰收,在欢庆丰收的日子,按照宗教传统习俗,移民规定了感谢上帝的日子,并决定为感谢印第安人的真诚帮助,邀请他们一同庆祝节日。
在第一个感恩节的这一天,印第安人和移民欢聚一堂,他们在黎明时鸣放礼炮,列队走进一间用作教堂的屋子,虔诚地向上帝表达谢意,然后点起篝火举行盛大宴会。第二天和第三天又举行了摔交、赛跑、唱歌、跳舞等活动。第一个感恩节非常成功。其中许多庆祝方式流传了300多年,一直保留到今天。
初时感恩节没有固定日期,由各州临时决定,直到美国独立后,感恩节才成为全国性的节日。
每逢感恩节这一天,美国举国上下热闹非常,人们按照习俗前往教堂做感恩祈祷,城乡市镇到处都有化装游行、戏剧表演或体育比赛等。劳燕分飞了一年的亲人们也会从天南海北归来,一家人团团圆圆,品尝美味的感恩节火鸡。
感恩节的食品富有传统特色。火鸡是感恩节的传统主菜,通常是把火鸡肚子里塞上各种调料和拌好的食品,然后整只烤出,由男主人用刀切成薄片分给大家。此外,感恩节的传统食品还有甜山芋、玉蜀黍、南瓜饼、红莓苔子果酱等。
感恩节宴会后,人们有时会做些传统游戏,比如南瓜赛跑是比赛者用一把小勺推着南瓜跑,规则是不能用手碰南瓜,先到终点者获胜。比赛用的勺子越小,游戏就越有意思。
多少年来,庆祝感恩节的习俗代代相传,无论在岩石嶙峋的西海岸还是在风光旖旎的夏威夷,人们几乎在以同样的方式欢度感恩节,感恩节是不论何种信仰、何种民族的美国人都庆祝的传统节日。
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圣诞节(Christmas)
12月25日圣诞节是美国最大最热闹的节日。可以说从感恩节过后,美国人就开始为圣诞节大忙特忙起来。
圣诞节的许多风俗都来源于《圣经》中的传说。根据耶稣诞生在夜里这种说法,圣诞节的庆祝活动从12月24日夜间开始,午夜时分达到高潮,这一夜就被称为圣诞夜。美国人通常通宵达旦地举行庆祝或。他们有的聚在酒馆、舞厅、俱乐部中尽情欢乐;有的全家共进丰盛的晚餐,然后围坐在壁炉旁享受天伦之乐;还有那些虔诚的信徒们则在灯火通明的教堂里,参加纪念耶稣诞生的午夜礼拜。
圣诞夜里最有趣的活动要数“报佳音”,象征天使在伯利恒郊外向牧羊人报告基督降生的喜讯。深夜来临,教堂里的唱诗班挨家挨户地来到教徒家门前齐声唱起圣诞颂歌。于是这家人便走出来加入合唱。唱罢,主人把大家邀入屋中,以茶点招待。说笑一番后,唱诗班再到别人家去唱,主人一家也往往随同前去,“报佳音”的队伍愈来愈大,他们一家家地唱,欢乐的气氛有增无减,常常持续到天明。
圣诞节里最典型的装饰是圣诞树,人们会在小杉树或小松树上挂满礼物和彩灯,树顶再装一颗大星。这些装饰都是有象征意义的,树上的彩灯象征耶稣给世界带来光明,树顶的大星则代表耶稣降生后将三位东方贤士引到伯利恒的那颗星。除了圣诞树,冬青和榭寄生也是圣诞节里常见的点缀。美国人常常用冬青树枝编成花环挂在大门上,或是将几枝冬青摆放在餐桌上作为节日的装饰。还有一些家庭会在门框或天花板上悬挂一束榭寄生,按照传统习俗,圣诞节时,凡是女子站在榭寄生下面,任何人都可以去亲吻她。顽皮的男孩子常常故意把女孩子引到榭寄生下,理直气壮地吻她一下。
圣诞节在美国如此受人重视,人们恐怕很难想象,他们的祖先曾经禁止过圣诞节。当年英国清教徒受尽英国国教的迫害,千里迢迢来到新大陆,他们对英国国教的倒行逆施深恶痛绝,以至发展到凡是国教所实行的,他们都加以反对,对圣诞节的庆祝也因此严加禁止。他们规定,凡移民中有人胆敢庆祝圣诞节者,必须罚款。这条禁令一直到19世纪德国及爱尔兰移民大量移入美国后才逐渐解除。今天圣诞节已成为美国人民最喜爱的节日之一,这段往事也成为一件历史趣闻了。

㈣ 美国节日风俗是什么

1. 元旦节(New Year's Day), 每年1月1日庆祝新的一年开始。人们举办各种各样的新年晚会,到处可以听到%26quot;辞旧迎新%26quot;的钟声, 为美国的联邦假日。
2. 林肯诞辰(Abraham Lincoln's Birthday), 每年2月12日,庆祝林肯诞辰, 为大多数州的节日。
3. 圣瓦伦丁节(St. Valentine's Day ),每年2月14日, 是3世纪殉教的圣徒圣瓦伦丁逝世纪念日。情人们在这一天互赠礼物,故又称%26quot;情人节%26quot;(the lovers' day)。
4. 华盛顿诞辰(George Washington's Birthday),每年2月22日,庆祝华盛顿诞辰,为美国的联邦假日。
5.圣帕特里克节(St. Patrick's Day ), 每年3月17日, 是悼念爱尔兰的守护神圣帕特里克的节日。
6.复活节(Easter Day, Easter Sunday),一般在每年春分后月圆第一个星期天, 约在3月7日左右。 该节是庆祝基督 ( Jesus Christ)的复活,过节人们吃复活节彩蛋( Easter Eggs),为美国的联邦假日。
7.愚人节(April Fool's Day), 每年4月1日, 该节出自于庆祝 %26quot;春分点%26quot; (Venal equinox)的来临, 在 4月1日受到恶作剧愚弄的人称为%26quot;四月愚人%26quot; (April Fools)。
8.母亲节(Mother's Day), 每年5月份的第2个星期日,政府部门和各家门口悬挂国旗, 表示对母亲的尊敬。在家里,儿女们和父亲给母亲买些礼物或做些家务。
9.阵亡烈士纪念日(Memorial Day), 每年5月份的最后一个星期一, 纪念为美国献身的阵亡烈士,为美国的联邦假日。
10.国旗日(National Flag Day),每年6月14日, 庆祝国旗的升起。
11.父亲节(Father's Day), 每年6月份的第3个星期天,表示对父亲的尊敬。 在家里,儿女们和母亲给父亲买些礼物。
12.国庆节(Independence Day), 每年7月4日,庆祝美国建国,为美国的联邦假日。
13. 劳动节(Labor Day), 每年9月份的第一个星期一, 表示对劳工的敬意,为美国的联邦假日。
14.哥伦布日(Columbus Day),每年10月12日,纪念哥伦布在北美登陆,为美国的联邦假日。
15.万圣节(Halloween;Eve of All Saint's Day), 每年10月31日,孩子们多化装成鬼, 打着灯笼或点燃篝火尽情地玩耍。
16.万灵节(All Soul's Day), 每年11月2日,祭奠所有死者灵魂之日。
17. 退伍军人节(Veterans Day),每年11月11日,表示对退伍军人的敬意
18. 感恩节 (Thanksgiving Day),每年11月最后一个星期四,干且上帝所赐予的秋收,为美国的联邦假日。
19.大选日 (Election Day), 每年11月份的第一个星期一后的星期二,选举美国总统。
20.。 清教徒登陆纪念日(Forefather's Day),每年12月21日,纪念清教徒在美洲登陆。
21.圣诞节.(Christmas Day),每年12月25日,基督徒庆祝基督诞生的日子,是美国最隆重的节日。
《满意别忘点评》

㈤ 写一扁介绍美国节日风俗和中学生生活的英语作文,,,要带中文翻译

Recently,our school newspaper will start a column about western life and culture inorder to cultivate our interests, broaden our horizons and enrich ourafterschool lifeAs a result, I am writing to ask you to write an article on it. (写信Here are some detailsabout it. To begin with, you may talk about your life in your middle school,so that we Chinese students can know more about you. Besides,you can introce a western festival, such as the Christmas Day, the New Yearor the Thanksgiving Day, which must be not only meaningful but alsointeresting. What’ more, your article should be at least 400 wordsFinally, I hope you would be so kind as to send it to be beforeJune 28th, so that it can be published in time. Hopefully, you could do me the favor I have the confidence that everyone will like your article.

㈥ 美国传统节日有什么习俗,应该怎么做英语回答 带翻译

easter(复活节) easter is a time of springtime festivals. in christian countries easter is celebrated as the religious holiday commemorating the resurrection of jesus christ, the son of god. but the celebrations of easter have many customs and legends that are pagan in origin and have nothing to do with christianity. traditions associated with the festival survive in the easter rabbit, a symbol of fertility, and in colored easter eggs, originally painted with bright colors to represent the sunlight of spring, and used in easter-egg rolling contests or given as gifts. 复活节是春季的节日。在信基督教的国家里,复活节是为纪念基督耶稣的复活而举行的宗教节日。但是复活节有许多习俗和传说的由来都是非宗教的,它们与基督教没有任何关系。与节日密切联系的一些传统有象复活节的野兔,它是作为繁殖生长的象征;还有复活节的彩蛋。最先是被绘以鲜亮的颜色来代表春天的阳光。这些彩蛋还可以用来玩滚彩蛋游戏比赛,或作为小礼物送人。

㈦ 英语翻译、我校英语报将要刊登关于介绍美国节日和中学生生活的短文。

我校英文报"外国文化"栏目需刊登你们国家的节目风俗和中学内生生活。容 Our school English newspaper "foreign cultures" column published in your country need to show customs and middle school students live.

㈧ 美国的节日介绍英文(要习俗)

what,bu

㈨ 世界各国的节日风俗(英文)

美重要节日风俗

英美重要节日风俗
英美重要节日

January

1 New Year's Day (新年)
15 Martin Luther King Jr.'s Birthday
19 Martin Luther King Jr.'s Birthday Observed

February

12 Lincoln's Birthday
14 Valentine's Day (情人节)
16 President's Day
22 Washington's Birthday
25 Ash Wednesday

March

8 International Women's Day(国际妇女节)
17 St. Patrick's Day

April
1 April Fools Day (愚人节)
5 Palm Sunday
10 Good Friday
Arbor Day (植树节)
11 Passover
12 Easter (复活节)
17 Orthodox Holy Friday
19 Orthodox Easter
22 Secretaries Day
22 Earth Day

May

6 Nurses'Day
7 National Day of Prayer
10 Mother's Day (母亲节)
16 Armed Forces Day
25 Memorial Day Observed
30 Memorial Day

June

14 Flag Day (美国国旗纪念日)
21 Father's Day

July

4 Independence Day (美国独立日)

August

2 Friendship Day

September

7 Labor Day
Grandparents Day
17 Citizenship Day
21 Rosh Hashanah
30 Yom Kippur

October

11 National Children's Day
12 Columbus Day
16 National Boss Day
17 Sweetest Day
24 United Nations Day
31 Halloween (万圣节前夜)

November

3 Election Day
11 Veterans Day (退伍军人节)
26 Thanksgiving

December

14 First Day of Hanukkah
25 Christmas (圣诞节)
26 First Day of Kwanzaa

生活在美国(二) 美国人的用餐习惯

美国人吃饭用刀叉,而且他们的用餐方式是很有讲究的。因此,在应邀与美国朋友一起吃饭时,应特别注意他们的用餐习惯。一般情况下,餐桌上摆放有一幅餐刀和两幅餐叉,外边的餐叉供你吃色拉,里边的餐叉用于吃主食和其它点心食品,餐刀用来切肉食。如果你两手并用,应左手握叉,右手握刀,而且一次握刀时间不能太长。美国人的早餐有:炒或煮鸡蛋、香肠、油炸土豆片、薄煎饼、果子冻、烤面包、松饼、桔子汁以及咖啡等。

Eating Custom and Practice 用餐习惯

American eating is funny. They eat almost everything with a fork, and it appears that holding a knife in one's right hand longer than a few seconds is considered to be against good table manners.

The system is that if it is absolutely necessary to use a knife, people take the fork in their left hand, and cut off a piece of meat or whatever it is in the normal manner. Then they put the knife down, transfer the fork to their right hand, and only then do they transport the food to their mouth. This is clearly ludicrous(滑稽可笑), but it is considered good manners.

There are several results of this system. First, if it is not absolutely necessary to use a knife, Americans don't use one, because obviously this greatly complicates(使复杂化) things, and you will therefore see them trying to cut things like potatoes, fish and even bacon(熏猪肉) with a fork. Second, towards the end of a course, since only one implement(器具) is being used, food has to bo chased around the plate with the fork — and for the last mouthful the thumb has to be used to keep the food in place, although one is not supposed to do this.

Third, tables are generally laid with one knife and two forks, the outside fork being for the salad. There is no need for foreign visitors to follow the American system and try to eat the salad with only a fork, but if you do use your knife, remerber to save it for the meat course. Even desserts(甜食) (except ice cream) are eaten with a fork if at all possible, and the spoon you see by your dessert is meant to be for coffee (but if you use it for your dessert no one will say anything).

Some Breakfast Dishes 早餐食谱

Breakfast in a restaurant is a very enjoyable experience. If you order eggs in a restaurant, the waiter/waitress will ask you how you want them . You can reply that you want them "scrambled(炒)" or "boiled". It is not sufficient, however, to ask for them "fried"; you will have to specify whether you would prefer them "sunny-side-up" (煎一面), "over"(两面煎), "over-easy/easy-over"(两面煎,但蛋黄仍然呈流体状).

American sausage(香肠) comes in slices and is quite spicy. But you can also have link sausage.

American bacon comes in small strips, can be rather fat, and is served crispy. It is usually very tasty, and you can eat it with your fingers.

"Hash brows"(油炸土豆片) are shredded(切成碎片的) and fried potatoes. They are wonderful, especially with fried eggs and ketchup(蕃茄酱).

"Pancakes", sometimes called "hot cakes", are made with baking power. They are normally served in a pile, and you are supposed to put butter and syrup(果浆) on them.

"Jelly"(果子冻) is jam and includes grape jelly, which is very tasty.

Toast is often served already buttered.

"English muffins(松饼)" are like small crumpets(烤饼) without the holes and are served toasted. You put jam on them.

A "biscuit"(软饼) is a snall, scone-like bread roll, often served hot.Orange juice and coffee are often serced with breakfast.

生活在美国(三) 美国人的主食

美国人吃午餐和吃晚餐之前通常要喝点鸡尾酒,但在加利福尼亚州,人们大都喝葡萄酒。吃主食之前,一般都要吃一盘色拉。炸磨茹和炸洋葱圈可作为开胃食品,牛排、猪排和鸡(腿)为主食,龙虾、贝壳类动物以及各种鱼类甚至包括淡水鱼被统称为海鲜。炸土豆条是深受人们喜爱而且几乎成了必不可少的食物。另外应特别注意的一点,如有吃剩的食物,一定要打包带回家,以免浪费。

Cocktail鸡尾酒

It is quite usual to drink cocktails before lunch and dinner in America and somewhat less usual, except in California, to drink wine with a meal. You can either have a cocktail in the bar, if there is one, while you wait for a table or for friends, or you can have one served before your dinner comes. At some restaurants the waiter/waitress will come to your table as soon as you sit down to ask if you want a cocktail, and you can then drink this while deciding what to order to eat. At others, there may be a separate cocktail waiter or waitress. In this case, you do not normally order wine from him or her but from the normal waiter- or the wine waiter is there is one.

Do not hesitate to order Californian wines. They can be excellent and in many parts of the country are cheap.

Salad 色拉

It is usual to have a salad with your meal, and a separate plate is provided for this purpose. The normal practice in America is to eat the salad before the main course. A wonderful American invention is the salad bar. In restaurants that have these salad bars the waiter does not bring your salad. You go to the salad bar and help yourself, usually to as much as you want. This is normally done after you have ordered your meal; you eat the salad while the main course is being cooked.

Choosing from the Menu 选菜

American menus can look rather confusing at first sight, for they may use some terms which are unfamiliar to most vistors. Here are some points which may be useful.

Fried mushrooms, fried onion rings (洋葱圈) and fried zucchini (小胡瓜) are sometimes served as starters (第一道菜).

Potatoes most often come "French-fried" or baked. If you order a baked potato, the waiter will ask you what you want on it. The choice is butter and/or sour cream and sometimes chives (细香葱).

Very often vegetables do not come automatically with the meal, and you have to pay extra for them.

"Scrod" (小鳕鱼), "red snapper" (啮龟) and "mahi hahi" are all name of fish. "Seafood"means lobster (龙虾), shellfish and fish, including,funnily enough, freshwater fish! Prawns (对虾) are known as "shrimp".

American beef is usually good and often wonderful.

American salt and pepper (糊椒粉) pots are confusing until you realize that the salt pot may look like a pepper pot except that the salt pot's holes are bigger. Pepper is normally black rather than white. American mustard (芥末) is mild and normally eaten with hot dogs or hamburgers rather than meat.

And that stuff in a dish that looks ice cream is actually whipped (搅拌过的) butter.

Leftovers 吃剩的食物

You have probably heard that in American restaurants, if you can't finish your meal, you can put the remains in a "doggy bag" and take them home. This is quite true. If you leave some meat, in particular, your waiter may ask you if you'd like him to put it into "a little bag", or you can ask him to do this.
生活在美国(四) 美国用餐常识

中国菜着重色、香、味, 西餐讲究实惠。初到美国餐馆用餐,应该注意如下事项:

1)选择合适的餐馆(如:家庭式餐馆、特色餐馆以及自助式餐馆等);

2)餐馆营业时间(上午11:30开门营业,直到夜晚);

3)一般都应事先预订餐位:

4)到达餐馆后,不能径直地到餐桌旁入桌,除非餐厅有“随意就坐”的告示;

5)付款时,别忘了留给服务员一定比例的小费(一般为实际总额的10%~15%)。

Eating out is one of the joy of being in the USA. The food is usually good and often excellent; the prices are reasonable ; and the service is mostly fine.

Choosing a Restaurant 选择餐馆

Some restaurants are open for breakfast; others are open twenty-four hours a day. A number of restaurants call themselves "family restaurants". Many of these serve no alcohol and have fairly restricted menus which include steaks, hamburgers, omelettes(炒蛋) and sandwiches, and all are at very reasonable prices. They may also serve smaller and cheaper children's portios(份餐). Note that many American restaurants are "speciatly" restaurants . They may serve only, or mainly , steaks , seafood, etc.

When to Eat 供餐时间

Many restaurants, especially the more expensive ones, open at about 11:30 a.m.(midday, rather than 1 p.m. , is the most normal time for lunch in the USA), and some remain open until the evening, so it is possible to order a meal throughout the afternoon.

In many areas it is usual for people to leave work and go out for an evening meal at 5 p.m. or 6 p.m. , than waiting until later.

Reserving a Table 预订餐位

Eating out is rather popular in the USA. And it is often necessary to make a reservation. You will sometimes see short queues of people waiting for tables at restaurants-it's more pleasant to wait in the bar , of course, if there is one-but there queues more quickly.

Arriving at Restaurant 到达餐馆

When you arrive at most restaurant, you should not just go in and sit down-unless you see a sign saying "Please seat yourself" . Usually you will have to wait for a "hostess" or "captain"(领班) to escort(陪同) you to a table . Often there will be a sign that reads "Please wait to be seated".

Do not expect to share a table with other parties, even if the restaurant is crowed . It just isn't done.

Many restaurant have a no-smoking section, in some place by lows.

One excellent American custom is that after you have sat down your waiter or waitress will often bring you a glass or water(with ice naturally) and will keep on refilling it throughout the meal. (Most American are incapable of eating a meal without drinking something at the same time.)

When your waiter or waitress takes your order, it is not very normal for one person to order for the whole table. Each person orders separately , except in the most expensive restaurants.

Summoning a waiter 召唤侍者

You may find your waiter unusually friendly. He may ask you how you are (You're supposed just to say "Fine"), inquire whether you have a good day and , later on say that he hopes you will enjoy your meal.

To summon a waiter in a American restaurant you may call "Bill", or "Mary", or "Claude", or whatever. Waiters and waitresses often actually introce themselves when they first come to your table or wear name tags, you are permitted to use their first names.

Paying the Bill 付款

The bill (often called the "check") comes usually with tax added but no service chare-though some restaurant do now add a service charge. The etiquette(规矩) books say that you should leave a ten per cent tip(小费) for lunch, fifteen per cent for dinner. The tip should be calculated on the basis of the total before the addition of tax.

At many restaurant you can ask the waiter to bring the bill and than pay at a cash desk on the way out.

美国人种种

语言是文化的载体。美国不同阶段的经济文化变化都反映在语言中。随着时代变化,新的词语不断应运而生。继一次大战后的“迷惘的一代”(Lost Generation)和二次大战后的“垮掉的一代”(Beat Generation),又出现了“Baby Boomers”、“Yuppies”、“Dinks”、“Sandwich Generation”、“Couch Potato”、“Mall Rats”等等。

在第二次世界大战期间,美国大约有一千三百万人参加服役,其中许多人都没有结婚。在战后,他们纷纷组建家庭,生儿育女,因此在1946年至1964年这18年间,美国人口急剧增长,新生儿的人数共有七千八百万。不久美国人就称这一代为“Baby Boomers”。

这些“Baby Boomers”一改其父母对战争的“狂热”,对生活采取务实的态度。他们要弥补战争给父母所造成的损失,他们勤奋工作,少生孩子。他们其中的许多人都获得了成功,他们有抱负,受过高等教育,生活在城市,有专业性的工作,收入颇丰,生活很富裕。美国又为这些成功者命名为“Yuppies”,前三个字母是“young urban professionals”缩略。对“Yuppies”中那些不要孩子的人,美国人又将他们称为“Dinks”,它是“Duble Income, No kids”的缩写。

其实,“Baby Boomers”并不都是富有的“Yuppies”,有的夫妇不仅有孩子而且有老人要抚养,这样另一个名字又产生了,那便是“Sandwich Generation”,意味着这些人象三明治中的肉一样夹在老人和孩子之间,负担很重。

美国的电视业发展迅速,几乎所有人都能看到有线电视节目,家庭影剧院的出现更是许多人沉迷于电视,这种一有时间就坐在沙发上看电视的人被称为“Couch Potato”。它不禁使人们想到悠然坐在沙发里一声不吭,一动不动,象土豆似的人。

随着商业的发展繁荣,大的购物中心(shopping mall)不断涌现。逛购物中心成了一种乐趣,尤其是年轻人,他们即使不购物也在中心钻来钻去,象老鼠一样,美国人将他们戏称为“Mall Rats”。

㈩ 需要一段关于美国传统、习俗、节日的英文介绍

Cultural Difference between Chinese and American Indivial
Lifestyles

American A Culture of self-expression Chinese A Culture of Self restrain
Clear expression of Joy and sorrow Ambiguous of joy and sorrow
Unequivocal expression of “/No”. Equivocal expression of “Yes/No”.
Strong Personality Weak Personality
Priority of self-interest Priority of harmony with others

Source: Norihiko Shimizu's paper “Today’s Taboos may be gone tomorrow", Peking Business, February 1995, p.51.

Cultural Differences between Chinese and American Business

American Business Chinese Business
Game concept: Business is a game in pursuit of profits under the rules of laws and contracts Mutual trust-oriented business: business is based on trusting relationship among people rather than the rules of game
Efficiency-oriented and approximate accuracy simplicity, clarity, and quickness Highly precision-oriented and perfectionism-high dependency on human awareness
Easy layoffs, dismissals of employees, and selling of businesses Job security
Low mutual dependence between employers and employees High mutual dependence between employers and employees
Heavy dependence on machinery and technology, vs. Light dependence on human resources Heavy dependence on human resources

This comparision answered many of my questions on effeciency v.s. diversity, why the way of doing business is so different cross the two continents.

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