为我介绍英国文化英语怎么写
㈠ 高分求用英文介绍英国文化的文章
1,英国式幽默的介绍
Humor
It is difficult to make generalizations about humor ring the Renaissance because the kinds of things that provoked laughter varied by country, language, and social class. In all parts of Europe, however, laughter was considered an important—even essential—part of life. Scholars often quoted the words of the ancient Greek philosopher ARISTOTLE, who described man as a being capable of laughter. Scholars of drama, medicine, and rhetoric* discussed the nature of humor and laughter. In the fields of drama and fiction, the Renaissance proced some of the greatest comic writers ever.
Humor on the Stage. Comedy played a major role in both formal and informal performances throughout the Renaissance. Renaissance festivals often featured comic performances that made a mockery of the established social order. The most important of these festivals was Carnival, a period of revelry before the sober days of Lent (the 40 weekdays leading up to Easter). Carnival festivities in all parts of Europe included comic plays. French celebrations involved "fools' plays," known as sotties, while Polish events included crude comedies in a realistic style. Songs with mocking or obscene lyrics also formed a part of some Carnival events.
Some early plays featured political humor. The French king Louis XII encouraged political comedies because they helped him to learn what was going on in the state. Other comedies based their humor on stock characters and themes, such as a cheating wife deceiving her dim-witted husband. Although most of these early farces* were penned by unnamed authors, a few well-known poets wrote in this style in France and England. In Italy, a kind of farce called COMMEDIA DELL'ARTE developed in the 1500s. Commedia dell'arte also involved standard character types caught in typical situations. This style of drama featured physical action and broad comedy, with plots ranging from the fairly realistic to the wildly fantastic. Humanist* comedies provided a more intellectual alternative to farce. Humanists of the Renaissance imitated the comedies of the ancient Roman playwrights Plautus and Terence. This classical* style of comedy arose in Italy and spread across Europe. The Italian statesman and author Niccolò MACHIAVELLI proced an obscene comedy called The Mandrake Root that is widely viewed as a masterpiece. Another brilliant work in this style is Ralph Roister Doister, by the English playwright Nicolas Udall.
In addition to staged performances, humor had a regular place at royal and noble courts in the person of the fool, or jester. Dressed in a costume that featured a cap with bells on it, the fool was the one person at the court allowed to ridicule everyone and everything. Fools appeared often as characters in literary works, such as the plays of William SHAKESPEARE. However, the fool's function was not always strictly comical. In many works, he served more to instruct than to amuse.
Humor on the Page. Like the drama of the period, literature of the 1400s and 1500s was largely comic. Renaissance humanists frequently gathered humorous material from classical Greek and Roman literature. They particularly enjoyed collecting short Latin works called facetiae, which could be jokes, serious stories, riddles, or moral fables. Humanists usually did not explain why they chose particular stories for their joke collections. Some, including the Italian poet PETRARCH, drew heavily on the ideas of the ancient Roman writer CICERO about what was funny.
Humanists also enjoyed creating their own humor—especially for the purpose of satire*. The Dutch scholar Desiderius ERASMUS was particularly good at using humor in his satire. One of his funniest works, "The Abbot* and the Learned Lady," ends with the laughter of the witty, ecated lady who has outsmarted the rude, ignorant churchman. German and French humanists of the 1500s proced some extremely funny works of satire by writing mock letters in deliberately bad Latin.
Other Renaissance writers turned to verse for their comedy. One of the Italian comic writers' favorite forms was the mock epic*, a takeoff on a highly respected literary form. The famous poem Orlando Furioso (Mad Roland), by the Italian poet Ludovico ARIOSTO, contains elements of the mock epic style. Another well-known mock epic is The Chess Game by Jan Kochanowski, Poland's most famous Renaissance poet. Poets in England or France do not appear to have used this style, but they did mock the conventions* of other poetic forms. For example, Petrarch had set certain standards for love poetry that involved praising the beloved in extravagant terms. Later writers made fun of Petrarch's style, as in Shakespeare's well-known sonnet "My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun."
Humor appeared in both long and short fiction works ring the Renaissance. Miguel de CERVANTES of Spain and François RABELAIS of France incorporated humor in novels that are still widely read today. Most French comic authors wrote shorter stories, often inspired by Italian sources. For example, MARGARET OF NAVARRE based several comic stories in her Heptameron on the famous Decameron (1353) by Italian author Giovanni BOCCACCIO. Some French stories, such as the collection How to Succeed, by Béroalde de Verville (written around 1612), were highly obscene.
In England one popular form of humor was the "jest," a very short story with a punch line (much like a modern joke). Writers collected these comic stories into jestbooks, which were similar to the Italian collections of facetiae. Jestbooks also became popular in Germany in the late 1500s, and some examples appeared in Spain and Italy.
Humor in the Visual Arts. The comic elements found in Renaissance literature also appeared in the art of the period. Art often used humor to deliver moral or religious messages. During the Protestant Reformation*, Protestant leaders put out illustrated pamphlets that portrayed their enemies as animals or showed the devil playing a Catholic monk like a musical instrument. However, not all humorous art had a moral message. In the late 1520s artist Giulio Romano painted a room at a palace in Mantua with lifelike figures of giants who appear to be pulling down the walls and pillars of the room. This witty style of illusion, known as trompe l'oeil (fool the eye), was very popular at the time.
In the early 1500s, artists began painting in a style known as grotesque, based on ancient Roman wall paintings. Grotesques often portray humans and animals in a fantastic manner, with leaves, flowers, and curly lines where arms and legs should be. The famous Italian artist MICHELANGELO BUONARROTI created several works in this style. Many grotesques still exist on the walls of museums and Italian palaces. Humor also found its way into Renaissance sculpture. The Boboli Gardens of Florence, Italy, built in the 1500s, contain such comic statues as a fat dwarf sitting on a turtle.
2,英国街头文化
Hip hop is a cultural movement that developed in New York City in the 1970s primarily among Black Americans and Latino Americans. It was DJ Afrika Bambaataa that outlined the five pillars of hip-hop culture: MCing, DJing, breaking, graffiti writing, and knowledge。Other elements include beatboxing, hip hop fashion, and slang. Since first emerging in the Bronx, the lifestyle of hip hop culture has spread around the world。 When hip hop music began to emerge, it was based around disc jockeys who created rhythmic beats by looping breaks (small portions of songs emphasizing a percussive pattern) on two turntables. This was later accompanied by "rapping" (a rhythmic style of chanting) and beatboxing, a vocal technique mainly used to imitate percussive elements of the music and various technical effects of hip hop DJs. An original form of dancing and particular styles of dress arose among followers of this new music. These elements experienced considerable refinement and development over the course of the history of the culture.
Musicologists often identify the following characteristics as typical of the pop music genre:
a focus on the indivial song or singles, rather than on extended works or albums
an aim of appealing to a general audience, rather than to a particular sub-culture or ideology
an emphasis on craftsmanship rather than formal "artistic" qualities
an emphasis on recording, proction, and technology, over live performance
a tendency to reflect existing trends rather than progressive developments
The main medium of pop music is the song, often between two and a half and three and a half minutes in length, generally marked by a consistent and noticeable rhythmic element, a mainstream style and a simple traditional structure. Common variants include the verse-chorus form and the thirty-two-bar form, with a focus on melodies and catchy hooks, and a chorus that contrasts melodically, rhythmically and harmonically with the verse.The beat and the melodies tend to be simple, with limited harmonic accompaniment.The lyrics of modern pop songs typically focus on simple themes – often love and romantic relationships – although there are notable exceptions.
Pop music is a music genre that developed from the mid-1950s as a softer alternative to rock 'n' roll and later to rock music. It has a focus on commercial recording, often orientated towards a youth market, usually through the medium of relatively short and simple love songs. While these basic elements of the genre have remained fairly constant, pop music has absorbed influences from most other forms of popular music, particularly borrowing from the development of rock music, and utilizing key technological innovations to proce new variations on existing themes.
3,英国古典文化
哥特式
Gothicismus, Gothism, or Gothicism (Swedish: Göticism) is the name given to what is considered to have been a cultural movement in Sweden. The founders of the movement were Nicolaus Ragvaldi, the brothers Johannes Magnus, Olaus Magnus and Olof Rudbeck d.ä.. They all held the belief that the Goths had originally lived in Sweden. This belief continued to hold power in the 17th century, when Sweden was a great power following the Thirty Years' War, but lost most of its sway in the 18th. It was revitalized by national romanticism in the early 19th century, this time with the vikings as heroic figures.
The name is derived from Jordanes's account of the Gothic urheimat in Scandinavia (Scandza), and the Gothicists in Sweden believed that the Goths had originated from Sweden. Some scholars in Denmark also attempted to identify the Goths with the Jutes, however, these ideas did not lead to the same widespread cultural movement in the Danish society as it did in the Swedish. In contrast with the Swedes, the Danes of this era did not forward claims to political legitimacy based on assertions that their country was the original homeland of the Goths and that the conquest of the Roman Empire was proof of their own country's military valor and power through history
The Gothicismus movement took pride in the Gothic tradition that the Ostrogoths and their king Theodoric the Great who assumed power in the Roman Empire had Scandinavian ancestry. This pride was expressed as early as the medieval chronicles, where chroniclers wrote about the Goths as the ancestors of the Scandinavians, and it permeated the writings of the Swedish writer Johannes Magnus (Historia de omnibus gothorum seonumque regibus) and his brother Olaus Magnus (Historia de gentibus septentrionalibus). Both works had a large impact on contemporary scholarship in Sweden.
During the 17th century, Danes and Swedes competed for the collection and publication of Iceland manuscripts, Norse sagas, and the two Eddas. In Sweden, the Icelandic manuscripts became part of an origin myth and were seen as proof that the greatness and heroism of the old Geats had been passed down through the generations to the current population. This pride culminated in the publication of Olaus Rudbeck's Atland eller Manheim (1679–1702), where he claimed that Sweden was identical to Atlantis.
维多利亚风格
Victorian fashion comprises the various fashions and trends in British culture that emerged and grew in prominence throughout the Victorian era and the reign of Victoria, a period which would last from June 1837 to January 1901. Covering nearly two thirds of the 19th century, the 63 year reign would see numerous changes in fashion. These changes would include, but not be limited to, changes in clothing, architecture, literature, and the decorative and visual arts.
Varieties of Victorian architecture：
Styles conceived in the Victorian era
British Arts and Crafts movement
Instrial architecture
Painted Ladies
Queen Anne (Stick-Eastlake)
Second Empire
Jacobethan (the precursor to the Queen Anne style)
Neo-Grec
Renaissance Revival
Romanesque Revival (includes Richardsonian Romanesque)
[edit] Other movements popularized in the period
While not uniquely Victorian, and part of revivals that began before the era, these styles are strongly associated with the Victorian era e to the large number of examples that were erected in that period
Gothic Revival
Italianate
Neoclassicism
爵位分类：
Peers are of five ranks, in descending order of hierarchy:
Duke comes from the Latin x, leader. Created in 1337.
Marquess comes from the French marquis, which is a derivative of marche or march. This is a reference to the English borders ("marches") with Wales and Scotland, a relationship more evident in the feminine form: Marchioness. Created in 1385.
Earl comes from the Old English or Anglo-Saxon eorl, a military leader. The meaning may have been affected by the Old Norse jarl, meaning free-born warrior or nobleman, ring the Danelaw, thus giving rise to the modern sense. Since there was no feminine Old English or Old Norse equivalent for the term, "Countess" is used (an Earl is analogous to the Continental count), from the Latin comes. Created circa 800-1000.
Viscount comes from the Latin vicecomes, vice-count. Created in 1440.
Baron comes from the Old Germanic baro, freeman. Created in 1066.
In Scotland, the fifth rank is called a Lord of Parliament, as Barons are holders of feudal dignities, not peers. Baronets, while holders of hereditary titles, are not peers. Knights, Dames, and holders of other non-hereditary British honors are also not peers.
For peers, the various titles are in the form of (Rank) (Name of Title) or (Rank) of (Name of Title). The name of the title can either be a place name or a surname. The precise usage depends on the rank of the peerage and on certain other general considerations. Dukes always use of. Marquesses and Earls whose titles are based on place names normally use of, while those whose titles are based on surnames normally do not. Viscounts, Barons and Lords of Parliament do not use of. However, there are several exceptions to the rule. For instance, Scottish vicecomital titles theoretically include of, though in practice it is usually dropped. (Thus, the "Viscount of Falkland" is commonly known as the "Viscount Falkland".)
4,英国概述
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island country, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of Ireland, and many small islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK with a land border, sharing it with the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea. The largest island, Great Britain, is linked to France by the Channel Tunnel.
The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy and unitary state consisting of four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales.It is governed by a parliamentary system with its seat of government in London, the capital, but with three devolved national administrations in Belfast, Cardiff and Edinburgh, the capitals of Northern Ireland, Wales and Scotland respectively. The Channel Island liwicks of Jersey and Guernsey, and the Isle of Man are Crown Dependencies and not part of the UK.The UK has fourteen overseas territories, all remnants of the British Empire, which at its height in 1922 encompassed almost a quarter of the world's land surface, the largest empire in history. British influence can continue to be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former colonies.
The UK is a developed country, with the world's sixth largest economy by nominal GDP and the seventh largest by purchasing power parity。 It was the world's first instrialised country and the world's foremost power ring the 19th and early 20th centuries, but the economic cost of two world wars and the decline of its empire in the latter half of the 20th century diminished its leading role in global affairs. The UK nevertheless remains a major power with strong economic, cultural, military, scientific and political influence. It is a nuclear power and has the fourth highest defence spending in the world. It is a Member State of the European Union, holds a permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council, and is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, G8, OECD, NATO, and the World Trade Organization.
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㈡ 要一篇关于英国文化的英文文章，要泛泛而谈，五分钟的内容
1National Dress in Britain
Scottish National Dress
One of the most famous national costumes in the world is that worn in Scotland, the kilt, however some people say that the kilt is not as traditional as some would have it. Be that as it may it is certainly what people associate with Scotland, along with whisky and haggis that is.
Some people consider it very bad luck to wear a kilt in a tartan that does not belong to your family.
Just to remind you should you visit Scotland any time - the men do not wear skirts - they wear kilts - and don't you forget it!
Gentlemen
2.Cricket is a bat and ball sport.
The objective of the game is to score more runs (points) than the opposing team. It is a team game played between two teams of eleven players each. It originated in its modern form in England, and is popular mainly in the Commonwealth countries.
In the countries of South Asia , including India , Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, cricket is by far the most popular participatory and spectator sport. It is also a major sport in places such as England and Wales, Australia , New Zealand, South Africa, Zimbabwe and the English -speaking Caribbean (called the West Indies).
The length of the game (called a match) can last six or more hours a day, for up to five days in Test matches (internationals) the numerous intervals for lunch and tea, and the rich terminology are notable aspects which can confuse those not familiar with the sport.
3.British Cuisine!
Yes, we do have a wide and varied cuisine in Britain today, no more do we suffer under the image of grey boiled meat! After years of disparagement by various countries (especially the French) Britain now has an enviable culinary reputation. In fact some of the great chefs now come from Britain, I kid you not!
However Britain's culinary expertise is not new! In the past British cooking was amongst the best in the world. Mrs Beeton is still one of the renowned writers of cookery books, her creations have now gained international popularity, years after her death.
Traditional British cuisine is substantial, yet simple and wholesome. We have long believed in four meals a day. Our fare has been influenced by the traditions and tastes from different parts of the British empire: teas from Ceylon and chutney, kedgeree, and mulligatawny soup from India.
4.Eating Manners/Etiquette
In Britain, even today, people are judged by their table manners, especially when eating out or attending formal functions. There are certain ways you should behave and certain niceties to observe. These are just a few, from basic manners to some more advanced niceties for formal occasions.
A popular saying in the UK is "Manners maketh man."
Basic Manners
Eating
Things you should do:-
If you are at a dinner party wait until your host(ess) starts eating or indicates you should do so.
Chew and swallow all the food in your mouth before taking more or taking a drink.
Soup should be spooned away from you. Tilt the bowl away from you.
Break bread and rolls with your fingers not with your knife.
Break off a small piece of bread (or roll and butter it. Do not butter the whole slice or half a roll at one time.
You may use a piece of bread on a fork to soak up sauce or gravy. Never hold the bread in your fingers to do this.
Only clear consomme should be drunk directly from the soup bowl, and then only if it has handles.
You may eat chicken and pizza with your fingers if you are at a barbecue, finger buffet or very informal setting. Otherwise always use a knife and fork.
Things you should not do:-
Never chew with your mouth open.
Never talk with food in your mouth.
Never put too much food in your mouth.
Never mash or mix food on your plate.
Do not blow on hot food or drink.
Do not sip from a coffee spoon or teaspoon.
Never use your fingers to push food onto your spoon or fork.
5.General - comprises of England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Isle of Man and the Channel Islands
· includes 4 nationalities: English (England), Welsh (Wales), Scottish (Scotland) and Irish (Ireland)
· the largest cities are London, Birmingham, Glasgow, Liverpool, Manchester, Sheffield, Bristol, Leeds and Edinburgh
Geography – The UK is situated off the northwest coast of Europe bordered by the Atlantic ocean and from Europe separated by the North Sea and the English Channel. The Irish Sea and the North Channel separate Great Britain from Ireland.
Size - 244,820 sq km
Climate – mild & rainy (Gulf Stream)
Population – 56 million people (dense population)
Instries – highly instrialised – iron & steel engineering, motor vehicles, aircraft, textil, plastic, cotton, wool, chemicals, electronics, shipbuilding, food procts (incl. fishing)
Mineral resources – coal, natural gas (North Sea), oil
Agriculture – wheat, barley, oats, potatoes, sugar beet, milk, meat, sheep
Government system:
The United Kingdom = G. B. + Northern Ireland is a constitutional monarchy, the present sovereign is Queen Elizabeth II., she has no political power.
The UK is governed by the Cabinet ( 20 leading ministers + the Prime Minister). The supreme legislative body is the Parliament, this is split into two houses - The lower house is The House of Commons – 5 years (elected). The Upper house is The House of Lords which currently has hereditiary and life peerage members, although this is under review.
There is no written constitution (common law, conventions)
There are 3 main parties – Conversative (Tories) (right wing), Labour (left wing) and the Liberal Democrats (middle of the road)
England
Capital - London
Geography – situated in Britain
Size - 132,589 sq km
Wales
Capital - Cardiff
Geography - West, mountains and moorland
Size - 21,588 sq km
Climate - rainy
Instry – tourism, mining, manufacturing
Other - The oldest son of the English Monarch is given the title “Prince of Wales”. In 1999 Wales was granted devolution, this allows them to have their own elected parliament
http://www.learnenglish.de/britishculture.htm
㈢ 如何用英文介绍英国文化（传统习俗饮食）。
English style of eating habits is also easy, pay attention to nutrition. Breakfast is usually porridge milk or a cup of red juice, coated with butter toast, fried bacon or sausage, eggs. At noon, the children eat lunch at school, alts at lunch on the job on the vicinity to buy a sandwich, a cup of coffee on, just kill. Only to the weekend, the British people will be rich on a table. Usually the main course is meat, such as grilled chicken, roast beef, fish and so on. A wide variety of vegetables, like cabbage, fresh peas, potatoes, carrots and so on. Vegetables in general are no longer processed, mounted on a tray, poured from the supermarket to buy ready-made sauce will be consumed. After the main course there will always be together digestible of sweets, such as cooking fruit, fruit pudding, cheese, ice cream and so on.
Fried fish and fries (Fish and chips)
This is the traditional British fast food nation (fast
food). It is in the 19th century 60's pop up. At that time, the railway put start fresh fish one night directly (direct) transported from the east coast to London. English at the fish paste on top ofgood deep-fried in oil, and fried potatoes be eaten together. People put a mixture of salt and vinegar sauce and pour it into the article on fish and potatoes, with a newspaper bag, and then eat from the paper in hand. Today, people often use a clean paper packaging, and to provide a fork (fork).
Cha (Tea)
British National enjoy a cup of tea. At the traditional British (tradition) on people with porcelain tea cup, one person a cup, a spoonful of tea. The majority of British people like to drink strong tea, but I want to add much milk. Many years ago, people used to put milk into the cup, then add the tea, and finally add water.
Coffee (Coffee)
Now in the United Kingdom, as popularity of coffee and tea. People either do not add milk or add milk, or drink coffee or preparing a new instant coffee.
Wine (Wine)
English wine instry is very strong. More and more of the many vineyards are procing wine and red wine (red
wine). English pubs everywhere, has several flavors, each with 10,000 large and small pubs, which have many hundreds of years of history, this old pub is usually haunted legends, it is interesting that not only did not care about the owner, but also his house ghost Li Chuan-story as the general put on a table in each. Something fishy about the pub business better and sell more expensive.
Eating habits with knife and fork pyronaridine ~
British people generally preferred way of cooking there is: cooked in soy and vinegar, barbecue, fried and fried. Of meat, seafood, game cooking methods are unique; However, the categories of the beef they have special preferences, such as barbecue beef (ROASTED BEEF), is attached not only in the consumption of seasonal vegetables, baked potato, but also will add some steak on the mustard sauce; at the use of seasoning on the butter and liquor preferences; at spice up the taste of meat Kou, cinnamon and other spices fresh.
The more well-known British cuisine has: beef kidney allocation (STEAK KIDNEY PIE), fish Pai (ENGLISH FISH CHIP), the Royal butter chicken (CHICKEN A LA KING) and so on. British people enjoy hunting, only once a year at the hunting period, there is much of the hotel or restaurant will be introced to game meal, such as deer (VENISON), rabbits (HARE), pheasant (PHEASANT),, such as cooking. General cooking game when using some gin or berries and wine, this approach is in order to remove the smell of mutton flavor of the food itself.
Breakfast is very important to the British people, British restaurants in the supply of a wide range of meals, have fruit juice, fruit, eggs, meat, wheat porridge category, bread, jam and coffee. Nowadays the popular afternoon tea (HIGH TEA) is the mass from the United Kingdom, and its more famous there is Victoria-style VICTORIAN STYLE), the contents can be said to be all-inclusive, including all kinds of small points, muffin, fruit tarts (TARTE ) and sandwiches. Supper on the daily lives of English is also one of the most important part of the meal of their choice is usually late, and are eating betterto promote friendship between meals can imagine they belong to are very autonomous nation, and a supper for them could take hours.
The United Kingdom at the local, there will be lot of people who love to drink, mainly because it itself is also a wine procing country. English at the cost of alcohol consumption on the expenditure than the other also to the many.
Nobu Restaurant
This is a world-renowned Japanese-style sushi restaurant, perfect interpretation of the cultural diversity of London. Enjoy the best way is to let the staff recommend, another is called a reversal of the world's black cod, point of confusing the champagne glass. Of course, the best have someone else foot the bill! Remember the location you want in advance, otherwise.
St. John's Restaurant
Very authentic British restaurant, under the name of the solemn nostalgia,thick sauce, verytraditional British dishes. Pig here are LOGO, shows a simple kick! Have to roast whole pigs, Yorktraditional rural English dishes. Confections are a weight of more down 2,3个. Good to eat! Ensure that you spot, the United Kingdom must go FREE to try!
Hakkasan Restaurant
An average consumption of 60 pounds in London's top restaurants. Is not a false faceskill, newspapers comment on is "the history of the sexiest Chinese restaurant", are impartial appraisal. Hot and sour soup, pipa ck, pork Doo British sparkling wine, Greece white Portuguese. It seems that Chinese and Western, at tip of tongue on an.
㈣ 关于英国文化用英语介绍简单几句话初一的单词
The Englishman love to behave gentlemanly and the Englishwoman love to behave ladily.They also show their respect to ladies.They always say" Lady first".In their daily life.the English pay attention to their appearance.They dress neatly.They shake hands when they meet other.When they are with others,they usually say "please""thank you""sorry" and so on.The breakfast in Britain is very rich.Usually there are all kinds of egg procts,oatmeal,bacon,ham,sausages,butter,jam,bread,milk,juice,coffee and so on.They are popular with the western countries.What's more,the English like drinking tea.They have the habit of drink afternoon tea at about 3 in the afternoon.They enjoy drinking tea and treat it as a kind of seeing friends.
㈤ 介绍英国文化的英语作文
England is a nation in northwest Europe and the largest and most populous constituent country of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total population of the United Kingdom,[1] whilst the mainland territory of England occupies most of the southern two-thirds of the island of Great Britain and shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west. Elsewhere, it is bordered by the North Sea, Irish Sea, Atlantic Ocean, and English Channel.
England was formed as a country ring the 10th century and takes its name from the Angles — one of a number of Germanic tribes who settled in the territory ring the 5th and 6th centuries. The capital city of England is London, which is the largest city in the British Isles, capital of the United Kingdom and one of the world's Global Cities.
England ranks as one of the most influential and far-reaching centres of cultural development in the world;[2][3] it is the place of origin of both the English language and the Church of England, was the historic centre of the British Empire, and the birthplace of the Instrial Revolution.
The Kingdom of England was an independent state until 1 May 1707, when the Acts of Union resulted in a political union with the Kingdom of Scotland to create the Kingdom of Great Britain.
England's National Day is St George's Day (Saint George being the patron saint), and it is celebrated annually on 23 April.
英格兰是一个国家，欧洲和西北地区规模最大，人口最多的国家组成的联合国大不列颠及北爱尔兰。其居民超过了83 ％ ，占总人口的联合王国， [ 1 ] ，而大陆领土的占领英格兰大部分地区三分之二的岛屿大不列颠及陆地边界的股票与苏格兰北部和威尔士西部。另外，它是濒临北海，爱尔兰海，大西洋和英吉利海峡。
英格兰队是作为一个国家在10世纪，并考虑其名字从视角之一-一些日耳曼部落定居在谁的领土在第五和第六世纪。首都伦敦的英格兰，这是最大的城市不列颠群岛，资本联合王国和世界的全球城市。
英格兰队伍作为一个最有影响力的和深远的文化中心世界发展; [ 2 ] [ 3 ]它是原产地的英语语言和英格兰教会，是历史性的中心，英国帝国的发祥地和工业革命。
王国英格兰是一个独立的状态，直到1707年5月1号，当联盟的行为导致了政治联盟与英国苏格兰创造大不列颠。
英国的国庆日是圣乔治日（圣乔治正在守护神） ，这是庆祝每年的4月23日。
㈥ 英国文化 英语文章 一千字
近代早期英国国家财政体制散论在16-18世纪中叶英国社会所发生的深刻而广泛的变迁中，国家政权既推动或限制、规nbsp;nbsp;范着社会的变迁，又以自身的性质、职能的转变成为这场社会变迁的重要组成部分。自nbsp;nbsp;16世纪绝对主义王权兴起之后，英国国家政权的统治职能在内涵与外延上都开始发生转nbsp;nbsp;变，17世纪的政治风云更使国家政权的阶级属性和统治方式、管理职能朝着近代化的方nbsp;nbsp;向前进。君主立宪政体的确立使英国土地贵族、工商资本家、金融银行家等各个统治集nbsp;nbsp;团的利益获得了更为充分、更为有效的表达。本文仅就英国国家财政体制在这一时期的nbsp;nbsp;转变和完善作一些探讨，以期能够加深和丰富对近代英国社会变迁的整体认识。nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;一、近代国家税收体系的建立nbsp;nbsp;税收之于一个国家，犹如血液之于生命。在向近代国家转型的过程中，构建具有近代nbsp;nbsp;意义的税收体系对任何一个政府都具有极为重要的作用和意义。一个完整意义上的近代nbsp;nbsp;国家税收体系必须具备公开、公正、有序、有效等诸种不可或缺的特征。所谓公开、公nbsp;nbsp;正，是指国家税收应具有公共事务的性质，必须得到社会成员的认可和认同。所谓有序nbsp;nbsp;、有效，是指国家税收体系运行时的每一环节、过程都应该依照一定的法度，即国民之nbsp;nbsp;意愿而行，国家税收的每一项收入、支出及绩效都要向国民有所交待，接受国民或其代nbsp;nbsp;议机构的核准。这些特征在技术上就体现为制税、收税、用度、审计等多种层次和制度nbsp;nbsp;。这种近代税收体系的建立决定于制度、经济、社会和文化等各种历史和时代因素，也nbsp;nbsp;是国家政权与社会中各个集团、阶层、阶级利益反复角逐、长期斗争的结果。英国之所nbsp;nbsp;以能够在二、三百年间由一个二流国家跃居西欧诸国之首，在很大程度上得益于它较早nbsp;nbsp;地建成了一个相对较完备的国家税收体系。其最大的特征就是由议会控制着整个国家税nbsp;nbsp;收体系的关键：征税大权。nbsp;nbsp;由议会控制、把握征税权，是中世纪晚期西欧英、法、西诸国共有的现象。这是由当nbsp;nbsp;时重建法律和秩序，消除贵族叛乱，驱逐外敌的社会普遍需求所使然。随着时代发展，nbsp;nbsp;每个新兴的民族国家政权极欲获得更多的赋税收入，然而由于各个政府和它的国民相互nbsp;nbsp;作用方式不同，从而形成不同的税收制度。在西班牙，“出于对内乱的厌倦，西班牙的nbsp;nbsp;代议机构卡斯提尔国会将征税管制交给了王权，”在法国，由于“三级会议极欲终止法nbsp;nbsp;国动乱的愿望，使王室不经被统治者的同意便夺取了征税权，造就这一权力的紧张形势nbsp;nbsp;过去之后，这一权力却长久地保留下来”。[1](P149，147)而英国则不同，即或是在绝nbsp;nbsp;对主义君权达顶峰的都铎时代，英国国会尤其是下院仍牢牢地把持着征税大权，都铎君nbsp;nbsp;王们只能依靠其他途径开辟财源，如没收教产加以拍卖。斯图亚特王朝欲强化王权，夺nbsp;nbsp;得征税大权，但遭到国会的顽强抵制。在王权与国会之间所展开的复杂激烈的斗争中，nbsp;nbsp;征税权始终是双方争夺的一个要点。虽然历经内战、复辟等种种磨难，由国会控制征税nbsp;nbsp;大权的原则一直未得改动。直至1688年“光荣革命”发表《民权宣言》规定：王室在议nbsp;nbsp;会规定的税收之外从事征税是非法的，[2](P186)再次确定了国会的征税权。nbsp;nbsp;征税是归王权还是归议会，究竟有何差别及意义呢?笔者以为大体有以下几个方面值得nbsp;nbsp;关注：nbsp;nbsp;其一，从政体层面上看，税权的归属决定了未来国家政体的发展方向。西、法两国王nbsp;nbsp;权由于攫取征税大权而迅速发达起来，建立了对社会经济的全面控制，成为一种不受任nbsp;nbsp;何力量约束的专制王权；这两国中的等级(三级)会议，由于将财权拱手转让给王权，而nbsp;nbsp;使自身“成为国家机器特别是王权的赘疣。结局是可以预见的，三级会议停开了，而王nbsp;nbsp;权却因时移事易不再恢复会议产生前的老样子，国王摆脱了身上的紧箍，开始向专制的nbsp;nbsp;方向大踏步迈进。”[3](P407)道拉斯·诺斯指出“……法国国王所获得的自由的程度nbsp;nbsp;和其英国对手比起来是大相径庭的。这种区别在这两个国家后来两个世纪的经济发展中nbsp;nbsp;产生了重大的影响。”[3](P407)英国国会则因手中一直紧握征税大权，故而成为遏制nbsp;nbsp;王权走向全面专制的重要力量。正是这种力量使得都铎王权的绝对主义统治处于相对有nbsp;nbsp;限、相对薄弱的境地，使得英国国会在一次次与王权的冲突较量中逐步占据上风，不仅nbsp;nbsp;保全了自己的存在，而且也最终确立起立宪君主制政体。nbsp;nbsp;其二，从行政管理层面上看，税权归属也是
㈦ 求英国的饮食文化介绍短文(用英语!!)十万火急
英国的饮食文化介绍：
The British generally prefer to cook in stew, barbecue, fry and fry. There are unique ways to cook meat, seafood and game.
英国人一般较喜爱的烹饪方式有烩、烧烤、煎和油炸。对肉类、海鲜、野味的烹调均有独到的方式。
There is a special preference for beef, such as roast beef, which is not only served with seasonal vegetables and roast potatoes, but also with a little mustard sauce on the steak.
对牛肉类有特别的偏好，如烧烤牛肉，在食用时不仅附上时令的蔬菜、烤土豆，还会在牛排上加少许芥末酱。
In the use of condiments like butter and wine, in the spices like fresh spices such as meat, cinnamon.
在佐料的使用上喜好奶油及酒类，在香料上喜好肉寇、肉桂等新鲜香料。
The British are very particular about breakfast. There are many kinds of meals in English restaurants, such as fruit juice, fruit, eggs, meat, porridge, bread, jam and coffee.
英国人对早餐非常讲究，英国餐馆中所供应的餐点种类繁多，有果汁、水果、蛋类、肉类、麦粥类、面包、果酱及咖啡等。
Afternoon tea, which is popular nowadays, is also handed down from Britain. It includes all kinds of snacks, muffins, fruit tarts and sandwiches.
时下所流行的下午茶也是传来自于英国，内容包括各式小点、松糕、水果挞及三明治等。
(7)为我介绍英国文化英语怎么写扩展阅读
1、地形地貌
英国西北部多低山高原，东南部为平原泰晤士河是国内最大的河流。塞文河是英国最长的河流，河长338公里，发源于威尔士中部河道呈半圆形，流经英格兰中西部，注入布里斯托海峡。
泰晤士河是英国最大的一条河流，流域面积1.14万平方公里，多年平均流量60.0立方米/秒，多年平均径流量18.9亿立方米。
2、动物资源
英国动物资源丰富，2007年英国政府开始实施野生动物保护计划，截至2007年，英国有1149种濒临灭绝的野生动物，而刺猬、收割鼠、大西洋鲑和麻雀首次被列入其中。
英国政府的这一野生动物保护计划名为《生物多样性行动计划》，其中收录了那些需要保护的哺乳动物、鸟类、昆虫、无脊椎动物、鱼类、海洋生物和菌类的名单。
㈧ 英国饮食文化英文介绍
In 1066, William, ke of Normandy of France, succeeded to the English throne.
（公元1066年，法国的诺曼底公爵威廉继承了英国王位。）
Brought the brilliant French and Italian food culture, laying the foundation for the traditional English cuisine.
（带来了灿烂的法国和意大利的饮食文化，为传统的英国菜打下基础。）
However, limited by geographical and natural conditions, Britain's agriculture is not very developed, food imports every year.
（但是受地理及自然条件所限，英国的农业不是很发达，粮食每年都要进口。）
And British people are not as gastronomic as the French, so British food is relatively simple.
（而且英国人也不像法国人那样崇尚美食，因此英国菜相对来说比较简单。）
The British also mock themselves for not being good at cooking.
（英国人也常自嘲自己不精于烹调。）
But the English breakfast is more rich, English afternoon tea is particularly rich and delicate.
（但英式早餐却比较丰富，英式下午茶也是格外的丰盛和精致。）
In Britain, the Christmas meal is very important. It often lasts for eight to nine hours, and the trumpets are blown for each course.
（英国对圣诞餐非常重视，常常要延续8~9个小时，每上一道菜都要吹号。）
At the earliest time, the English were very particular about eating roast peacocks, and later they changed to roast geese.
（最早的时候英国人很讲究吃烤孔雀，后来改吃烤鹅。）
It wasn't eaten until after the 16th century, and it continues to this day.
（一直到16世纪后才吃烤火鸡的，然后一直延续至今。）
British food is relatively simple, but the British food breakfast is very big, known as the "big breakfast".
（英式菜相对来说比较简单，但英式菜早餐却很丰盛，素有“big breakfast”即丰盛早餐的美称。）
(8)为我介绍英国文化英语怎么写扩展阅读
英式早餐非常丰盛，一般有各种蛋品、麦片粥、咸肉、火腿、香肠、黄油、果酱、面包、牛奶、果汁、咖啡等。受到西方各国的普遍欢迎。
英式早餐首先用橙汁加上玉米片，浇上牛奶和砂糖饮用。然后是主菜，一般是咸肉、香肠和煎鸡蛋配以煎蘑菇或西红柿（煎西红柿相当好吃）。当然还有烤面包。最后是咖啡或红茶，也有英国传统的奶茶。这便是英式早餐了。
英式菜代表菜肴：煎鸡蛋、土豆烩羊肉、烤鹅填栗子馅、牛尾浓汤等。
㈨ 学习许多关于英国文化的知识用英语怎么说
learn much knowledge about English culture.