英语竞赛阅读和作文高难四年
1、统一性
一个段落内的各个句子必须从属于一个中心，任何游离于中心思想之外的句子都是不可取的。请看下例：
Joe and I decided to take the long trip we'd always wanted across the country. We were like young kids buying our camper and stocking it with all the necessities of life. Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie. We started out in early spring from Minneapolis and headed west across the northern part of the country. We both enjoyed those people we met at the trailer park. Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner. To our surprise, we found that we liked the warm southern regions very much, and so we decided to stay here in New Mexico.
本段的主题句是段首句，controlling idea（中心思想）是take the long trip across the country。文中出现两个irrelevant sentences，一个是Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie，这一段是讲的是Joe and I ，中间出现一个Bella是不合适的。还有，Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner这一句更是与主题句不相关。再看一个例子：
My name is Roseanna, and I like to keep physically fit. I used to weigh two hundred pounds, but I joined the YMCA for an exercise class and diet program. In one year I lost eighty pounds. I feel much better and never want to have that much weight on my five-feet frame again. I bought two new suitcases last week. Everyday I practice jogging three miles, swimming fifteen laps, lifting twenty-pound weights and playing tennis for one hour. My mother was a premature baby.
本段的controlling idea 是like to deep physically fit，但段中有两个irrelevant sentences，一个是I bought two new suitcases last week，另一个是My mother was a premature baby。
从上面两个例子可以看出，native speakers同样会造出来irrelevant sentences。卷面上如果这种句子多了，造成偏题或离题，那问题就更严重了。
2、完整性
正象我们前面说得那样，一个段落的主题思想靠推展句来实现，如果只有主题句而没有推展句来进一步交待和充实，就不能构成一个完整的段落。同样，虽然有推展句，但主题思想没有得到相对圆满的交待，给读者一种意犹未尽的感觉。这样的段落也不能完成其交际功能。例如：
Physical work can be a useful form of therapy for a mind in turmoil. Work concentrates your thoughts on a concrete task. Besides, it is more useful to work —— you proce something rather than more anxiety or depression.
本段的主题句是段首句。本段的两个推展句均不能回答主题句中提出的问题。什么是“a mind in turmoil”（心境不平静）Physical work又如何能改变这种情况？为什么它能起therapy的作用？读者得不到明确的答案。因此，要达到完整就必须尽可能地简明。例如：
It is not always true that a good picture is worth a thousand words. Often writing is much clearer than a picture. It is sometimes difficult to figure out what a picture means, but a careful writer can almost always explain it.
段首句所表达的主题思想是一种看法，必须有具体事例加以验证。上述两个推展句只是在文字上对主题作些解释，整个段落内容空洞，简而不明。如果用一两个具体的例子的话，就可以把主题解释清楚了。比如下段：
It is not always true that a picture is worth a thousand words. Sometimes, pictures are pretty useless things. If you can't swim and fall in the river and start gulping water, will you be better off to hold up a picture of yourself drowning, or start screaming "Help"?
3、连贯性（coherence）
连贯性包括意连和形连两个方面，前者指的是内在的逻辑性，后者指的是使用转换词语。当然这两者常常是不可分割的。只有形连而没有意连，句子之间就没有内在的有机的联系；反之，只有意连而没有形连，有时行文就不够流畅。
1）、意连
段落中句子的排列应遵循一定的次序，不能想到什么就写什么。如果在下笔之前没有构思，边写边想，写写停停，那就写不出一气呵成的好文章来。下面介绍几种常见的排列方式。
A．按时间先后排列（chronological arrangement）
We had a number of close calls that day. When we rose, it was obviously late and we had to hurry so as not to miss breakfast; we knew the dining room staff was strict about closing at nine o'clock. Then, when we had been driving in the desert for nearly two hours —— it must have been close to noon —— the heat nearly hid us in; the radiator boiled over and we had to use most of our drinking water to cool it down. By the time we reached the mountain, it was our o'clock and we were exhausted. Here, judgement ran out of us and we started the tough climb to the summit, not realizing that darkness came suddenly in the desert. Sure enough, by six we were struggling and Andrew very nearly went down a steep cliff, dragging Mohammed and me along with him. By nine, when the wind howled across the flat ledge of the summit, we knew as we shivered together for warmth that it had not been our lucky day.
本段从“rose”（起床）写起，然后是吃早餐（“not to miss breakfast”, “closing at nine o'clock”），然后是“close to noon”，一直写到这一天结束（“By nine——”）。
B. 按位置远近排列（spatial arrangement）。例如：
From a distance, it looked like a skinny tube, but as we got closer, we could see it flesh out before our eyes. It was tubular, all right, but fatter than we could see from far away. Furthermore, we were also astonished to notice that the building was really in two parts: a pagoda sitting on top of a tubular one-story structure. Standing ten feet away, we could marvel at how much of the pagoda was made up of glass windows. Almost everything under the wonderful Chinese roof was made of glass, unlike the tube that it was sitting on, which only had four. Inside, the tube was gloomy, because of the lack of light. Then a steep, narrow staircase took us up inside the pagoda and the light changed dramatically. All those windows let in a flood of sunshine and we could see out for miles across the flat land.
本段的写法是由远及近，从远处（“from a distance”）写起，然后“get closer”，再到（“ten feet away”），最后是“inside the pagoda”……当然，按位置远近来写不等于都是由远及近。根据需要，也可以由近及远，由表及里等等。
C. 按逻辑关系排列（logical arrangement）
a. 按重要性顺序排列（arrangement in order of importance）
If you work as a soda jerker, you will, of course, not need much skill in expressing yourself to be effective. If you work on a machine, your ability to express yourself will be of little importance. But as soon as you move one step up from the bottom, your effectiveness depends on your ability to reach others through the spoken or the written word. And the further away your job is from manual work, the larger the organization of which you are an employee, the more important it will be that you know how to convey your thoughts in writing or speaking. In the very large business organization, whether it is the government, the large corporation, or the Army, this ability to express oneself is perhaps the most important of all the skills a man can possess.
这一段谈的是表达能力，它的重要性与职业，身份有关，从“not need much skill”或“of little importance”到“more important”，最后是“most important”。
b.由一般到特殊排列（general-to-specific arrangement）
If a reader is lost, it is generally because the writer has not been careful enough to keep him on the path. This carelessness can take any number of forms. Perhaps a sentence is so excessively cluttered that the reader, hacking his way through the verbiage, simply doesn't know what it means. Perhaps a sentence has been so shoddily constructed that the reader could read it in any of several ways. Perhaps the writer has switched tenses, or has switched pronouns in mid-sentence, so the reader loses track of when the action took place or who is talking. Perhaps sentence B is not logical sequel to sentence A —— the writer, in whose head the connection is clear, has not bothered to provide the missing link. Perhaps the writer has used an important word incorrectly by not taking the trouble to look it up. He may think that "sanguine" and "sanguinary" mean the same thing, but the difference is a bloody big one. The reader can only infer what the writer is trying to imply.
这一段谈的是a writer's carelessness，先给出一个general statement作为主题句，然后通过5个 ”perhaps”加以例证。
c. 由特殊到一般排列（specific-to-general arrangement）
I do not understand why people confuse my Siamese cat, Prissy, with the one I had several years ago, Henry. The two cats are only alike in breed. Prissy, a quiet, feminine feline, loves me dearly but not possessively. She likes to keep her distance from people, exert her independence and is never so rude as to beg, lick, or sniff unceremoniously. Her usual posture is sitting upright, eyes closed, perfectly still. Prissy is a very proper cat. Henry, on the other hand, loved me dearly but possessively. He was my shadow from morning till night. He expected me to constantly entertain him. Henry never cared who saw him do anything, whether it was decorous or not, and he usually offended my friends in some way. The cat made himself quite comfortable, on the top of the television, across stranger's feet or laps, in beds, drawers, sacks, closets, or nooks. The difference between them is imperceptible to strangers.
本段的主题句是段首句，它仅提出一个问题：为什么两只猫会被搞混。然后对两者进行比较，末句才下结论。
2）、形连
行文的逻辑性常常要靠适当的转换词语及其他手段来实现。请读下面这一段文字并找出文中用以承上启下的词语：
Walter's goal in life was to become a successful surgeon. First, though, he had to get through high school, so he concentrated all his efforts on his studies —— in particular, biology, chemistry, and math. Because he worked constantly on these subjects, Walter became proficient in them; however, Walter forgot that he needed to master other subjects besides those he had chosen. As a result, ring his junior year of high school, Walter failed both English and Latin. Consequently, he had to repeat these subjects and he was almost unable to graate on schele. Finally, on June 6, Walter achieved the first step toward realizing his goal.
本文中起承上启下的词语有两种，一种是转换词语（transitional words or phrases），另一种是起转换作用的其他连接手段（linking devices）。前者依次有：first, though, so, in particular, and, because, however, besides, as a result, both…and, consequently, and, finally.后者依次是：he, he, his, his, he, these, them, he, those, his, he, these, his. 本段中共有词汇105个，所使用的转换词语及其他连接用语共26个词，约占该段总词汇量的四分之一。由此可见，掌握好transitions不仅对行文的流（smoothness）有益，而且对于学生在半个小时内写120个词也是不无好处的。
㈡ 全国大学生英语竞赛到底考什么作文听力阅读理解还有什么
差不多就这些了，和四，六级一样
㈢ 全国大学生英语竞赛的难度跟四级考试相比哪个难
我建议你参加一下
我是四六级都过了
而且大二拿到c类二等奖
你自己也说了是想通过比回赛激励自己学答习英语
学习英语是重头
所以你学习的时候可以不用太针对这个比赛的方向来
毕竟中国各个考试的侧重点都不一样
不能一通百用
不过能坚持背单词是绝对没有坏处的
如果能因此扩大自己的词汇量、锻炼语法
这些能力的提升不管在哪种比赛或口语交流以及写作、阅读理解上都会受用的
每天坚持听一些像新概念英语的课文
我就是从初中学abc就每天早上一起来就放课文的磁带反复听
听不懂的没关系
老师上课讲的时候再结合视觉
印象特别深
也记的牢
从现在起你能每天这样坚持早上听20分钟课文
到大四
你准备考研什么的
一定会突飞猛进
四六级更不用说了
我都是裸考的
还要强调的一点是
虽然你现在是以这个比赛来激励自己
但绝不是考完了=学完了
不论学习什么
都是靠自己的长性
有什么困惑就问
我愿意把我的经验都分享给你
㈣ 我马上要英语竞赛了，我怎样提高我的阅读和作文成绩我是七年级的
1. We'd better develop our interest in English at the beginning of our study. To develop interest in English study is not very hard. We may have the feeling of satisfaction and achievement from our English study when we are able to say something simple in English, talk with others or foreigners in English and act as others' interpreters.
在英语学习之初,我们应该注重培养对英语学习的兴趣.培养对英语的兴趣并不难.当我们可以说点儿简单的英语,用英语与别人或与老外交谈,或作别人的翻译时,我们就可以从英语学习中得到满足感和成就感,这样,兴趣就培养起来了.请注意,这种满足感和成就感很重要!
2. Plans are always very essential, so we must make some elaborate and workable plans before study. And we should certainly carry out these plans to the letter.
制定英语学习计划太重要了,所以我们必须在学习前制定精细的和可操作的计划. 并且我们一定要严格执行这些计划.请注意:千万不要干没有计划的傻事,那等于在浪费生命.
3. Notes should be made whenever we study any book. We may follow this advice: Don't read book without making notes. As we know that notes are the summarization, the core content, our understanding and the abbreviations of the books. Our notes are much thinner than the books so that we can learn them by heart easier and can often review and read them. We may also record our notes on tapes so as to often listen to them easier, to deepen our impression and to lighten our burden of memory. Sometimes it is needful to draw some tables and illustrations that are very impressive, visual and concise.
无论学习什么,我们都要作笔记.我们可以参照下面的忠告:不作笔记就不要读书.如您所知,笔记是我们对所学课本的总结,中心内容,我们的理解和课本的缩略.笔记要比课本薄的多,我们可以较容易的记忆和经常复习他们.更胜一畴的做法是把笔记录成音,这样我们可以经常听一听来加深印象和减轻记忆负担.
.Reading skills:(阅读)
a. Intensive Reading: When we read the intensive articles, we should make notes of the new words and phrases and good sentences. After reading them, we may ask ourselves some questions about them by using such words: Who, What, Why, When and Where. Then try to answer them in our own words.
精读:在精读课文时,我们要把生词,词组,句型做成笔记.读后要试着用这些疑问词提问自己:谁,什么,何时,何地且努力用自己的话来回答.
b. Extensive reading: We must train our ability to scan, skip and read fast. Namely, the ability to catch the key words, the topic sentences and the drift of the articles.
泛读:要培养浏览,跳读和快读的能力.即抓住关键词,主题句和中心大意的能力.
c. Reading speed: Three ways to improve our reading speed: 1) Reading the articles from the beginning to the end without intervals so to catch the rough idea of the articles on the whole. Never waste too much time on some new words and single sentences. 2）We may keep time when reading articles.3) When reading articles, we can point at the words with our finger or pen point and our eyes move with the finger quickly so that we are able to read very fast.
阅读速度:三种方法提高我们的阅读速度:1.先从头至尾不间断地通读课文以抓住课文大意.不要在单个词或单句上浪费太多时间.2. 阅读时计时.3.阅读时用手指或笔尖指向文章字句并快速移动来迫使我们的眼睛快速随手指或笔尖移动来强化我们的阅读速度.
d. Newspaper as good reading materials can widen our sight and richen our knowledge.
多读报,多受益:开阔视野,丰富知识,学习流行词语和英语最新发展.
Writing skills.( 写作)
a. We have to accumulate abundant materials before we write something, say, learning by heart crowds of articles.
写作需要有很多素材,积累素材很重要.要多背课文.
b. Try to express one meaning in various ways.
努力用多种方式表达一种意思.
c. Keeping English diary if possible.
写英语日记.
a) Prepare some new words, expressions and good sentences to be used before writing something.
在写作前准备一些要用的好词汇,好句子.
b) We may also make some English pen pals to establish English communication relationship through some media like newspaper and magazines.
结交英语笔友,写英文信.这种方法容易坚持,还很有意思.不仿一试,好处多多 。
㈤ 我马上要英语竞赛了，我怎样提高我的阅读和作文成绩
在考场上超水平发挥的八大技巧高中786字临近高考，为帮助考生在考试时做到胸中有数，沉着应考，新东方专家将整个高考过程中应注意的问题整理成8个方面，提醒考生注意:1、发下试卷，先不要急着翻看考题，应先检查试卷，再认真填写准考证号码、姓名等内容，并仔细阅读答题要求和提示，务必把题设条件看清楚后再动笔。有些考生为了图快，还没有理解题意，弄清条件，就急于作答，白白浪费了不少时间。2、按照先易后难的原则答题，把最无把握的和暂时不会做的题目放到最后时间里去做，该放弃的题目就要放弃，千万不要因为一两道选择题做不出来就乱了方寸。最后的两三道题一般难度较大，这就需要有所选择，扬长避短，先做熟悉的，将有限的时间用来得分，难题则能做多少算多少，争取将其中较容易的分拿到手。3、仔细检查计算题的计算过程，防止因计算步骤上的不小心而造成的错误。建议考生在解题时要一步步进行，不要跳步。对拿不准的题目首先要在心理上沉住气;看到新题或比较陌生的题时千万不要慌张，根据题目要求一步步推理。4、草稿纸的使用要得当，草稿纸一般每科只发一张，演算时要合理布局便于检查。打草稿也要像解题一样，一道道挨着往下写，步骤清晰。5、做选择题时要立即涂答题卡，做一题，涂一题，不要错位，防止最后一两道题冥思苦想而忘了时间，到考试结束时再想涂就没有时间了。6、保持卷面的整洁，字迹清楚。卷面是否整洁、字迹清楚与否，可能会直接影响阅卷人的情绪和判断，尤其是作文中卷面不整洁就可能扣分，而如果卷面整洁、字迹清楚就有可能得到清洁分。7、不与他人比交卷的时间，做完所有题目后尽可能地将整个试卷再仔细检查一遍，特别是是对那些拿不准的答案再推敲一下，不要匆忙交卷。8、考完一科以后，不要回顾自己考得怎么样，特别是自我感觉不太理想的时候不必老是埋怨自己，而要将注意力尽快转移到下一科上。家长也不要反复询问子女考得如何，以免影响考生迎接下一科考试的情绪。
㈥ 外研社杯全国英语阅读大赛难度和46级比怎么样
按难度来分，无疑比四六级难。外研社全国英语阅读大赛，更像是考逻辑思专维的深度和广度，如属果是只认识单词，而不会去应用英语，是难以取得比较好的成绩的。
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㈦ 外研社杯全国英语阅读大赛难度和46级比怎么样
外研社杯全国英语阅读大赛比46级难。
㈧ 全国大学生英语竞赛的试题难度有多大跟四六级比呢
全国大学生英语竞赛的试题考得更多偏重于你做题的速度。大学四内六级的时候只有容两篇中篇阅读，而竞赛则有三篇再加上那些提取信息的阅读题，所以不仅要做的快，还有答得对！另外，竞赛的作文有两篇。所以，时间可能比四六级紧一点。难度上看，应该跟四级差不多，可能比不上四级。因为竞赛体现的是你全面的能力，比如语法，写作和阅读。而四六级有较多的选择题，竞赛侧重你对英语的应用。而四六级考得是你更多的是偏向于理解吧，我是这么觉得的。本人四六级已过，竞赛大一拿过二等，今年决定卷土重来，对竞赛发起冲刺，希望能有所提高！希望我的建议对你有所帮助吧！也祝你考出你的实力！
㈨ 关于英语竞赛作文的问题，求高手解答，比较急，给一些意见，高分
该篇文章富有散文般的美丽，题目于文风相得益彰，不失为优秀的文章。但我个人认为，该文针对高中的英语竞赛，未免过于华丽，不妨进行一下修改，使之更加符合中学生的口味。Trend, as it is, never fails to channel its slaves into the realm teeming with temptations, desires and satisfactions, regardless of how it will come about or for what push it is holding. We cannot deny that the increasing senses of globalism and the fusion of cultures have brought this never-disabled desire to the top of cultural pyramid, bordering on to dominate the whole time of young people and being a symbol which we are all readily crawling to.
Fashion, a word constantly perpetuating bond between values of women and tendency in the swim, always drifts our desires into those circles of lures. An example goes like this: thirty years ago, a woman often paid more attention to its quality, to be exact, its enrance when they wanted to get a new clothing. Nevertheless, those girls’ present concentration has turned to some things more of fashion tendency-----style, matches, or its potential of catching-eyes etc. The traditional apparel, Qipao, with descent of Tang dynasty, may be the only faint shade of those times. We never deny the present value and appreciation, because we can never successfully illustrate this world the way we draw a truth from mass experiences and obey it invariably. The truth always carries its invariability through a certain section of history course as against inconstant values of people towards certain things and their temporary tendency reflected in those things.
Silly and ridiculous could it be that we all swarm in to be the followers of a trend which, no one can expect exactly when it will spring up or vanish under our eyelids? It changes so fast and whimsically that nobody could really catch it despite the fact that the staggering consumption and investment records witness those distorted values of women.
Another factor, dominating the conception of people’s consumption, is irrational behaviors. The persistence of rationality must not continue until we get our desires to satisfactions off my minds. It is, as I see, like a inner rings of lures where everyone would covet more as soon as they squeeze in---- an endless lure smacking of slaveries’ smells. The people outside would lead their eyes to inner ring’s door and squarely stare at those lures, once approach the outer one. The trend, usually ahead of all of us of course, has been creating the novelty to absorb our eyes. This novelty, whatever it is you think of, once is worn off, the tendency to the marvelous, as it appears, bursts suddenly like bubbles and then leaves staled to us. If any, you would be looking for another ring, namely, the new tendency. The tendency always goes like this; they try to dazzle your eyes once bind us to its tail, and then the irrationality comes as a sequel.
Here, I have to show a critical evidence that the values proced by irrational consumption has registered more than two millions RMB. What did we have ever got, however, after we trade desperately so substantial worth for the fleeting temptations-----the clothing or cosmetic or digital procts or whatever they are-----the only criterion they share in common, to be exact, is catching your eyes. I think there would be another story if we merely keep our desires in restraint to some extend and turn our preoccupation to the poverty or the depressed instead. It would be more valuable to give pre-eminence to this shift.
Indeed, the real fashion should be symbolized as a behavior positive and upward that never lead to lose our own way. The old rainbow’s end will still be ahead of you and you never ever keep abreast of it.
㈩ 小明参加学校举办的英语竞赛，参加项目阅读、作文、听力和口语的成绩分别为90分、80分、80分、70
90x30%=27分
80x30%=24分
80x20%=16分
70x20%=14分
所以总分=27+24+16+14=81分