历史文化类英语阅读解析
① 推荐几本讲述美国历史与文化的英文书籍
1、《美国历史与文化》
是2007年1月浙江大学出版社出版图书，译者是王加丰、周旭东。
主要内容提要：高等学校人才培养模式改革涉及的核心课题之一,是构建符合现代社会理念并能体现科技进步水平的教学知识体系。理想的大学教学知识体系应具有时代性、先进性、学术性和适切性,并且具体体现在能够展现上述先进理念与特征的教材体系与课程内容之中。
全书分为三篇,主要内容包括独立战争与南北战争,环境保护和环境保护运动,清教精神与实用主义,发明创造和科学探索精神,乔治·华盛顿等。
2、《美国简史》
是2013年1月1日安徽人民出版社出版的图书，作者是王毅。该书是一部涉及政治、经济、法律、宗教、文化等诸多领域的美国史书。
《美国简史》是一部通俗、生动的美国史书，由北京新东方教师编著。作者以其渊博的知识，讲述了从哥伦布发现新大陆至第二次世界大战前的美国历史，对这个时期的历史事件、西方文明、科技发明以及美国的政治生活进行了深刻而独到的描述。
还特别介绍了殖民地、独立战争、南北战争以及美国发展时期的一些重要历史人物。为了使读者能够了解每章内容概况，本书还附加200多幅彩色照片，这是与其他版本不同的地方。
3、《美国人：建国的经历》
作者：(美)丹尼尔·J·布尔斯廷。原版名称《The Americans：The National Experience》。
内容介绍：1944年，作者在芝加哥大学任教期间，他曾经有一个独特的学术观点，认为美国人实用主义和注重现实的民族性格，并非来自某种教条或信仰，而是在定居北美大陆的过程中，在环境的磨炼下自然形成了。这个观点可能构成了他后来写作《美国人》三部曲的主要动机。
这三部曲以150万字的篇幅，全景式的展现了美国从殖民地一直到当代的400年间的历史发展，引起了轰动。作者也因此确定了美国史专家的学术地位。这套三部曲获得很多奖项，最后一本《民主历程》还夺得了1973年普利策最佳历史学着作。
4、《美国种族简史》
是2011年11月9日中信出版社出版的图书，作者是托马斯·索威尔。
《美国种族简史》作者在《美国种族简史》一书中，用大量的史实、数字，深入浅出地讲述了各个种族在美国的奋斗史、文化史，包括爱尔兰人、德国人、意大利人、日本人、犹太人、华人、墨西哥人、黑人、波多黎各人等。
众所周知，美国是世界文化的大熔炉。各个种族无论在基因上，还是在文化上都有其本国固有的特质。和其他种族比起来，这些固有的性质也使其在众多种族共存的环境中凸显出来。
5、《剑桥美国史》
一书由[英] 苏珊-玛丽·格兰特所著，新星出版社出版发行。
作者在《美国种族简史》一书中，用大量的史实、数字，深入浅出地讲述了各个种族在美国的奋斗史、文化史，包括爱尔兰人、德国人、意大利人、日本人、犹太人、华人、墨西哥人、黑人、波多黎各人等。
众所周知，美国是世界文化的大熔炉。各个种族无论在基因上，还是在文化上都有其本国固有的特质。和其他种族比起来，这些有的性质也使其在众多种族共存的环境中凸显出来。
肯远离祖籍国来到美国的人们，和他们周围的人相比，更具有进取心，在面对困境时更主动，因此凸现出来的种族特点就更加明显。
虽然个性或者思考方式很大程度上取决于人们所处的阶级，但是依然呈现出很多通用的成功必备的品质，比如重视教育、勤奋、积极、重视经验的传递，这适用于所有的行业。
在美国，种族成功的唯一出路是将自身传统优势发挥到极致，并坚持不懈地适应和改进。今天美国最富有的犹太人和日本人，无一不是这个经验的充分实践者。
本书1981年在美国出版，至今已30年。美国种族史具有超出种族本身的内涵，书中详实的数据资料、对种族特点的分析和观点直到现在仍不过时，并且对于经济和文化越来越多元化的中国具有十分重要的意义。
参考资料来源：
网络-美国人：建国的经历
网络-美国简史
网络-美国历史与文化
In the US, people prefer waiting for a table to sitting with people they don’t know. This means a hostess may not seat a small group until a small table is available, even if a large one is. If you are sitting at a table with people you don’t know, it is impolite to light up a cigarette without asking if it will disturb them.
At American restaurants and coffee shops you are usually served tap water before you order. You may find the bread and butter is free, and if you order coffee, you may get a free refill.
Most cities and towns have no rules about opening and closing time for stores or restaurants, though they usually do make rules for bars. Especially in large cities, stores may be open 24 hours a day.
Serving in restaurants is often large; too large for many people. If you can’t finish your meal but would like to enjoy the food later, ask your waitress or waiter for a “doggie bag”. It may have a picture of a dog on it, but everybody knows you’re taking the food for yourself.
Supper and dinner are both words for the evening meal. Some people have “Sunday dinner”. This is an especially big noon meal.
Tips are not usually added to the check. They are not included in the price of the meal, either. A tip of about 15% is expected and you should leave it on the table when you leave. In some restaurants, a check is brought on a plate and you put your money there. Then the waiter or waitress brings you your change.
1. Which statement is true?
A. American people like sitting with people they don’t know.
B. A hostess always seats a small group at a large table.
C. American people never sit with people they don’t know.
D. American people would not light a cigarette if the people who sit at the same table mind their smoking.
2. What is served before you order?
A. bread B. butter C. coffee D. cold water
3. What do American people always do when servings are too large for them?
A. They take the food home with a doggie bag for their dogs.
B. They leave the food on the table and go away.
C. They take the food home with a doggie bag and enjoy the food later.
D. They ask the waitress or waiter to keep the food for them.
4. Sunday dinner is_______.
A. a dinner in the evening B. A big noon meal
C. a big lunch on Sunday D. A supper on Sunday
这是一篇讲美国人的用餐习俗的阅读。
As you know different countries have different customs. Also there are many gestures showing many meanings in many countries. Here are a few examples of gestures. A fisherman in Britain will show the size of a fish he has caught by holding his two hands, palms(手掌) facing each other, the right distance apart in front of him. But the one from certain part of Africa will measure off the size along his left arm with his right hand. In Britain the gesture to show the number “one” is made by holding up the index finger (the second finger), but in Switzerland it is the thumb—the first finger which is held up. Some people point at objects with finger, others by sticking out the lips. The gesture for “come here” is made in Britain with the index finger, which is held, pointing upwards, at eye level and bent towards the body; in Egypt the hand is held at arm’s length, palm downwards, and the fingers are then bent. The difference between the movements is very important, and the meanings of the same gestures maybe opposite in different countries. It may bring trouble to those not well known with it.
1. This passage is mainly about _______.
A. different people in different countries B. how to understand the gestures in Britain
C. the different gestures D. how to show a gesture in Egypt
2Sometimes difference between the movements in different countries may bring about _______ to you.
A. a good luck B. a new world C. all ill effect D. happiness
3 How will the Africans express if the object’s size is longer than their left arms?
A. Take a string to show it. B. Keep silent.
C. Bring the object to the spot. D. In another way.
4According to the passage we should _______.
A. look before we leap B. pick and choose
C. strike while the iron is hot D. do in Rome as the Romans do
这是篇中西方习俗的。答案就先不给你发了，希望你认真做，等你做完以后可以把你的答案告诉我，我再告诉你正确的。
③ 英语阅读。求解析
（A）
In the world ,soccer of football is the most popular sport. This is because many countries have wonderful teams for the World Cup. The World Cup is held every four years.
To remember 2002 FIFA World Cup ,children from different countries and more than 60 children from Japanese schools came together and spent three weekends drawing a big picture called “Dream(梦幻) World Cups ” Japan .The children drew animals, flowers and people playing soccer under a bule bright sky. They wished each football team good luck by drawing the flags(旗帜)of all the countries that will take part in the World Cup in Japan and South Korea.The picture was put up in a park near a playground in Yokohama .Some football teams will have games there.
Are you a football fan(迷)？The World Cup makeds more and more people interested in football Teenagers(青少年)like playing and watching football .Many of them love some football stars so much that they get the pictures of their favourite players on the walls of their rooms. That is the way to show their love for the World Cup as children in Japan.
1. If a country wants to take part in the World Cup ,she must have______.
A. Many football fans B. a very good team C. many football player D. a big playground
2. The next World Cup will be held in_______.
A. 2006 B. 2007 C. 2005 D. 2004
3. From the passage ,in the picture children drew many things except_________.
A. people playing football B. pictures of some football stars C. a sunny sky D. flowers
4. In “Dream World Cup”,the children drew the flags of some countries______. </P p>
A. to show their love for their owe country
B. to tell the people their stories
C. to show their good wishes for the football teams
D. to show their new ideas about football
5.Many teenagers owe the pictures of some football stars because______.
A. they are interested in football B. they are football fans
C. they think their favourite players are great D. all of A,B and C
补充：
（B）
In 1826, a Frenchman named Niepce needed pictures for his business .But he was not a good artis .So he invented a very simple camera (照相机).He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of hia garden .That was the first photo.
The next important date in the history of photography (摄影术) was in 1837. That year, Daguere, another Frenchman ,took a picture of his reading room .He used a new kind of camera in a different way. In his picture you could see everything very clearly ,even the smallest thing. This kind of photo was called a Daguerreotype.
Soon, other people began to use Daguerre’s way. Travelers brought back wonderful photos from all around the world .people took picture of famous buildings, cities and mountains.
In about 1840, photography was developed .Then photographers could take picture of people and moving things .That was not simple .The photographers had to carry a lot of film and other machines. But this did not stop them ,for example, some in the United States worked so hard.
Mathew Brady was a famous American photographers. He took many picture of gread people .The picture were unusual beause they were very lifelike(栩栩如生的)
Photographers also became one kind of art by the end of the 19th century .Some photod were nor just cooies of the real world .They showed and feelings,like other kinds of art.
6. The first photo taken by Niepce was a picturte of ____________
A. his business B. his house C. his garden D. his window
7. The Daguerrotype was____________. </P p>
A. a Frenchman B. a kind of picture C. a kind of camera D. a photographer
8. If a photographer wanted to take pictures of moving things in the year of 1840j, he had to__________.
A. watch lots of films B. buy an expensive camera
C. stop in most cities D. take many films and something else with him.
9. Mathew Brady______________.
A. was very lifelike B. was famous for his unusual pictures
C. was quite strong D. took many pictures of moving people
10. This passage tells us_____________.
A. how photography was developed B. how to show your ideas and feelings in pictures
C. how to take pictures in the world D. how to use different cameras
补充：
（C）
Americans with small families own a small car or a large one. If both parents are working, they usually have two cars. When the family is large, one of the cars is sold and they will buy a van(住房汽车)
A small car can hold(容纳)four persons and a large car can hold six persons but it is very crowded(拥挤). A van hold seven persons easily, so a family three children could ask their grandparents to go on a holiday travel They could all travel together.
Mr.Hagen and his wife had a third child last year. This made them sell a second car and bus a van. Their children sixth and seventh seat are used to put other things, for a family of five must carry many suitcases(衣箱)when they travel. When they arrive at their grandparents’ home , the suitcases are brought into the two seats can then carry the grandparents.
Americans call vans motor homes. A motor home is always used for holidays. When a family are traveling to the mountains or to the seaside, they can live in their motor home for a few days or to the seaside, they can live in their motor home for a few days or weeks. All the members of a big family can enjoy a happier life when they are traveling together. That is why motor homes have become very popular. In America there are many parks for motor homes.
11. From the passage, a van is also called ____________.
A. a motor car B. a motor home C. a motorbike D. a big truck
12. Before Mr. Hagen and his wife bought a van, they__________.
A. sold their old house B. moved to their grandparents’ house
C. built a new place for a van D. sold their second car
13. A motor home is usually owned by a family with__________.
A. a baby B. much money C. more than two children D. interest in vans
14. Americans usually use motor homer____________.
A. to travel with all the family members of holiday
B. to do some shopping with all the family members
C. to visit their grandparents at weekends
D. to drive their children to school every day
15. Motor homes have become popular because___________.
A. they can take people to another city when people are free
B. they can let families have a happier life when they go out for their holidays
C. some people think motor homes are cheap
D. big families can put more things in motor homes
补充：
（D）
Surtsey was born in 1963.Scientists saw the birth of this island. It began at 7.30 a.m. on 14th November. A fishing boat was near Iceland. The boat moved under the captain's（船长）feet. He noticed a strange smell. He saw some black smoke. A volcano（火山）was breaking out. Red-hot rocks, fire and smoke were rushing up from the bottom（底部）of the sea. The island grew quickly. It was 10 meters high the next day and 60 meters high on 18th November. Scientists flew there to watch. It was exciting. Smoke and fire were still rushing up. Pieces of red-hot rock were flying into the air and falling into the sea. The sea was boiling and there was a strange light in the sky. Surtsey grew and grew. Then it stopped in June 1967.It was 175 meters high and 2 kilometers long. And life was already coming to Surtsey. Plants grew. Birds came. Some scientists built a house. They want to learn about this young island. A new island is like a new world.
16. Surtsey is ______.
A. an island not far from Iceland B. a new volcano
C. a fishing boat D. a place in Iceland
17. Scientists flew there ______.
A. to watch the birth of the island B. to save the fishing boat
C. to learn about the island D. to build a house
18. When did scientist fly there to watch
A. Before the volcano broke out. B. As soon as the volcano broke out.
C. About four days after the volcano broke out. D. After the volcano stopped rushing up.
19. Put the following sentences in correct order.
a. The captain found the boat was moving. b. A new island appeared in the sea.
c. Fire, smoke and rocks were seen rushing up. d. A fishing boat was near Iceland.
e. The island grew quickly.
A. d-a-c-b-e B. a-b-c-d-e C .a-b-e-c-d D. b-e-d-a-c
20. The best title of this article is ________.
A. A new island B. The birth of an island
C. A new world D. Scientists discovered Surtsey
(E)
On Nov.18th,1908,three men went up in a balloon（气球）.They started early in London. The headman was Augusta Gaudron, and the other two men were Tannar and Maitland. They had a big balloon and they were ready for a long way.
Soon they heard the sea. They were carrying the usual rope（绳子）,and it was hanging down from the basket of the balloon. At the end of the rope they had tied a metal box. This could hold water, or it could be empty. So they were able to change its weight（重量）.It was for use over the sea. They were also carrying some bags of sand.
After the sun rose, the balloon went higher. It went up to 3,000 metres, and the air was very cold. The water in the balloon became ice. Snow fell past the men's basket, and they could see more snow on the ground. The men tried to throw out some more sand; but it was hard. They tried to break the icy sand with their knives, but it was not easy. The work was slow and they were still falling, so they had to drop some whole bags of sand. One of them fell on an icy lake and made a black hole in the ice.
At last they pulled the box into the basket. It was still snowing; so they climbed to get away from the snow. They rose to 5,100 metres! Everything became icy. They were so cold that they decided to land. They came down in Poland heavily but safely. They had travelled 1,797 kilometers from London!
21. Three men flew in balloon ________.
A. for nearly 1,800 kilometers B. to another city
C. to visit Poland D. more than a century ago
22. The metal box was used for ________.
A. carrying the bags of sand‘ ’ B. keeping drinking-water
C. carrying ropes of the basket D. changing weight
23. When the balloon went up higher, ________.
A. the temperature of the balloon began to fall B. They saw the sun go down
C. They made a hole in the basket with their knives
D. They could see a black hole on the ground
24. The balloon landed ________.
A. in London B. on the sea C. on a lake D. in a foreign country
25. Which of the following is NOT true________
A. The three men started their journey before the sun rose.
B. The balloon began to go up when they threw bags of sand out of the basket.
C. When they pulled the box into the basket, the balloon began to climb up.
D. The three men had to land because they felt cold.
答案：
1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．D 6． C 7．B 8．D 9．B 10． A 11．B 12．D 13． C 14．A 15． B 16.A 17.A 18.C 19.A 20.B 21.A 22.D 23.A 24.D 25.B
④ 英语阅读解析
孩子你至少也得说清楚题目是中考题吧，具体看下面分析：
Audio digital books(有声图书) are becoming more and more popular these years. One of the reasons for this is that audio digital books can be “read” in many places comfortably.
The first favorite place of many people is in bed, before going to sleep. Many people like to
just lie in bed in the dark before they fall asleep at night. This would be the perfect time to listen to an audio digital book. If you read an ordinary book, the lights have to be turned on and you have to turn the pages with your hand. An audio book can just be listened to while a person stays comfortably in bed.
The next favorite place of many to listen to audio digital books would be in the kitchen. For some people kitchen chores are boring. Audio digital books provide good entertainment, and people don’t need to turn pages.
An audio digital book is a favorite while a person is gardening. They can help take a person’s mind off job at hand. It can be fun and exciting to do gardening with the help of these books.
An audio digital book is a favorite while a person is exercising. It allows the mind to be free while the legs, body and arms are kept busy. This would be a great place to listen to these books. 根据短文内容，判断句子正(T)误(F)（共5小题，每小题1分，满分5分）
51．Audio digital books are becoming more and more popular these years.
52．People are able to enjoy their evening reading comfortably because of audio digital books.
53．People in the kitchen are too bored to listen to audio digital books.
54．Audio digital books are suitable for either gardeners or sportsmen to “read” while they are working.
55．The passage is mainly about where people like to “read” audio digital books. 答案：51~55 TFFFF
51正确。可在原文中找到原话，“有声电子图书这些年越来越受欢迎”。
52错误。原文中表达的意思为“在入睡前，有很多人喜欢在黑暗中单单躺在床上，而这时将会是人们听有声电子读物的最佳时段。如果你阅读的是普通读物，你就得开着灯并且动手翻书。然而当听有声电子图书时人们可以舒舒服服地躺在床上”。所以，原文的侧重点是如何使人感到舒服，而不是题目中“由于有声电子图书的存在，人们能够在晚上享受他们的阅读时光”。要清楚的是文章中有声图书出现的时间点。
53错误。题目意思“人们在厨房太无聊了，不得不听电子书”。原文中指出“有些人在厨房会感到无聊，而听电子书则是个不错的消遣”。题目表达的意思太绝对。
54错误。题目说“听有声电子图书要么在园艺工人工作的时候有用，要么在运动员锻炼的时候有用”。原文则是都有用，所以“either...or...”改成“both...and...”会正确。
55错误。按照正常的思路，这篇文章只是被截取的一部分。文章开头的第二句表明接下来的内容是有声电子图书越来越受欢迎的原因之一是人们可以在很多地方舒舒服服地听书。尽管文章看起来是在说哪些地方是人们喜欢“读”书的地方，实际上却是在解释有声读书受欢迎的原因之一。
这道大题看着简单，理解起来稍微有点难度。有问题再补充。希望能帮到你。
⑤ 英语阅读解析！！！
我在高中也做过这篇英语阅读，很高兴再见到这篇阅读。谢谢。
首先，你问题上集中在B和D，那么，分析一下。
B说的是他们相信他们准备好了任何事。确实是，首先呢感觉B 符合文中的感情色彩，因为This was their last exam—then on to graation and jobs.
Some talked of jobs they already had, others talked of jobs they would get. With the certainty of four years of college, they felt ready and able to take control of the world.
The coming exam, they knew, would be an easy task, as the professor had said they could bring any books or notes they wanted, requesting only that they did not talk to each other ring the test.
但是，好好看了以后，你会了解到，其中，学生们不是准备好了任何事，文中只是说了他们已经大四了，有的有了工作，有的没有工作，反正这次考试后他们会走向社会。这是一点；
还有的是，这次考试，老师说你可以带书或者笔记，这让同学们感觉这次考试必然通过。这是他们的感觉。这是其二。
你们老师说的也对，everything这也太绝对了，在选项中太绝对的词一看就应该排除的。这是其三。
何况你可以理解，这篇文章只是说了这次考试，一次考试，开始他们很自信，因为他们认为很简单，经过考试后，他们发现很难，都不会做。然后老师就给他们一个lesson，一个教训。这才是本文的本质。你所说的那个也对，本质没有什么错，prepare for everything，也就是准备好了考试，B范围你自己感觉感觉，是不有点太大了。。好好想想。。。
而且做题要选最恰当的选项，理解吗？？？
这是我的见解，希望你可以理解。好好加油学习英语奥~~
⑥ 英语阅读理解，附加解析最好
21A
22C
23C
延伸:如何做英语阅读理解
1，扎实做好细节题
在阅读理解题中，又有相当一部分属于事实或细节题，下面仅就这类题的正确解法作简要说明。首先是直接理解性题目，这种题目比较简单，只要通读全文，了解文中所叙述的重要事实或细节，就可以解答出来，有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案;另外还有一些题目要求对文中个别难词、关键词、词组或句子作出解释或需要对有关的上下文提供的语境和信息、甚至对整篇文章的内容建立准确、立体的理解和判断。
2，统览全篇摘录要点
阅读理解是对整个文章的目的、意图、观点、立场、态度以及内在的逻辑关系的理解，而不是断章取义的一孔之见，所以统览全篇和问题是很有必要的，这些问题会给你提供信息或暗示文章中的一些重要细节。
在统览全篇的同时要注意要点的摘录，因为一些显性的答案是可以从要点中直接回答，而隐性的答案则是要通过对全篇的理解才能得出。摘录要点亦有利于检查时节省时间。
3，注重理解解题方法
①直接解题法。即从原文中直接找出答案。
②归纳解题法。对于不能从原文中直接找出答案的可在把握全文中心和线索的前题下进行概括、归纳得出正确答案。
③综合推理法。读者需统观全文，认真分析，综合推理及至计算，最后归纳出正确答案。
题干中有"suggest,conclude,conclusion,probably,reason,because,accordingto“等字眼时，属于推断概括型，考查内容着眼于全篇，考生应具备一定的分析归纳，推理等逻辑思维能力。
④捕捉关键词。在阅读时应该注意与问题相关的同义词，近义词，反义词或同位词等信息词来得出正确答案。
⑤转换解题法。即原文这么说，而在问题和所给选项中则用另外的词去转换一种说法，但仍表示同一含义。
⑦ 历史文化类的英语阅读该如火如何教
文史相同，生硬的只教语法是不行的，要了解西方国家的历史。尤其是文化史