中考试卷阅读英语

1. 如何应对中考英语阅读理解题

阅读理解题是中考英语的测试重点，也是中考英语试题中卷面分值最高的一种题型，在各地中考试卷中约占30％的比例。一般设三篇短文，试题采用“根据所给阅读材料判断正误”或“选择最佳答案回答问题”两种形式。纵观近年来全国各地中考阅读题，其体裁多样，有记叙文、议论文、说明文、应用文（信函、请柬、通知、便条、表格、图表、广告、图示和标志等）；所选材料内容广泛，涉及文化、环境、科普、社会、政治、经济、历史等众多领域。文章的体裁富于变化，可谓题材宽泛，形式多种多样。其特点是：时气息浓，可读性强，理解难度较高。阅读理解题对学生提出了较高的能力要求，主要是考查学生通过阅读获取信息、分析信息和处理信息的能力，既要抓住文章的主旨，又要抓住细节；既要理解具体事实，又要理解抽象概念；既要理解文章字面意思，又要挖掘意图，揣摩隐藏在字里行间的内涵既要理解全篇的逻辑关系又要理解某些细节的意思，并且在读懂句子和文章的基础上，将所读文章进行判断、分析和推理。概括的说就是这类题注重考查阅读技能，包括理解短文大意、了解具体细节、通过上下文猜测词义、归纳篇章大意，以及推断或理解的态度和意图等。考生不仅要具有准确获得信息的能力，还要具有透过文章表层意思理解文章隐含意义的能力。这样才能抓住中心思想，作出正确的判断。试题涉及掌握语篇主旨，事实细节、深层含义、推理判断、猜测词义等多方面的阅读能力考查。设题通常考虑以下四个方面。1. 直观性问题。直接引用原文中的语句或根据短文中原语句稍加改动而编成。2. 常识性问题。考查学生依据短文信息，并根据自己所具备的一般常识作出判断的题型．3. 理解性问题。考查学生对文章的中心思想，某段的段落大意，某一事实的细节及意图等的理解程度。4. 推理性问题。这类题需在深刻理解短文后，再经过推理判断才能选出正确答案。阅读是一个复杂的心理过程，语言学家古德曼(Groodman)认为，阅读就是读者通过其心理和语言活动理解来接受的思想和观点。如果学生能读懂一篇文章，则表明写作时的思维过程与该生在阅读时的思维活动趋于吻合，这就是说学生的阅读理解必须实于原文，不可脱离文章凭空想象。对学生进行阅读技巧训练还应该从文体角度来训练，因为一篇文章的设题是受其文体限制的。下面我们分析几个不同体裁文章的特点，供大家参考。a. 故事类。初中生接触到的阅读材料大都是故事类。阅读故事类的材料，应该抓住人物线索、地点线索、时间线索和情节发展线索。特别注意的是，以上线索往往是并存的。因为情节的发展总是涉及到人物的变化、时间的推移、场景的变换等。而阅读材料后的阅读理解题往往会围绕这些内容设计一些事实类的理解题。凡事实类的理解题都可以从阅读材料的表层文字中找到答案。在阅读故事类短文时，应指导学生理解文章的深层含义，也就是它的主题。在此需要注意的是，现在的阅读理解题在测试事实类的理解题的同时，往往有一道推理类理解测试题． b．科普类。这里所指的科普类是广义的。它包含有介绍科学知识、社会知识的短文。阅读这类短文时，要以事实为中心进行思考，抓住事物的特征、用途、相互关系等．如果是介绍社会现象的文章，要掌握所谈现象的内涵。c．图表类。这类短文是通过看图或表格等来了解某方面的情况。指导学生阅读这类材料时，主要从两方面入手；一是了解图表的主题，确定图表的主要内容，二是推敲图画语盲或数字，找出它们之间的关联或试图表达的含义。d．新闻类。报刊阅读应逐步成为中学生阅读的一个重要内容。由于新闻报道强调遵循 5 个 w 和 1 个 H，所以，我们在阅读时也要抓住这一点去理解。那么，如何解决阅读理解题呢？做阅读理解题，根据实际情况，可用不同的方法。对于一些直接信息类题目，先读问题后读短文，带着问题去读文章，目的明确，容易抓住文中与问题相关的信息点。对于主观判断题，则应该从文章整体着手，认真阅读综合分析判断，作出正确选择。一般情况具体步骤1. 略读全文，掌握主旨大意。略读时要特别注意短文的首段、首句或末句。一般文章的主旨大意就在这里。抓住每段中的关键词语，便可以迅速把握短文的主旨以及主要信息的分布，再答题时就心中有数了。2．推测词义，注意要点内容。阅读中不要过分推敲语言点，要捕捉每段乃至整篇文章的纲目，对于文章中出现的生词或看不懂的句子，可以根据上下文意思猜测理解。3．寻读。掌握短文的主旨大意之后，应认真阅读题目，准确理解题意及其范围，带着问题到短文中寻找相关答案。一般的事实题可直接从文中找出答案。但也要认真斟酌，透过表层结构，领会其深层涵义。而较为深层次的逻辑推理判断题，则需要建立在对全文理解的基础上进行。因此，做这类题切忌掺杂主观因素。4．复读审核。初次答完题后，要对照短文内容对所做答案通盘审核，反复斟酌，做出修正，以减少错误疏漏。此外学生做阅读理解题时，还应注意四点1. 注意文章的首段和每段的首句或最后一句。一般说来阅读题没有标题，就会给学生了解文章的中心意思造成一定的困难，而文章的首段或每段的首句往往可能是文章或每段的中心，是要说明的对象或要阐述的观点，尾句是文章的结论或表达意图、态度、目的。注意到这一点，才能抓住中心，为理解文章奠定良好的基础。2. 阅读文章体裁不同，阅读的侧重点也不同，记叙文中要注意 who（人物），where（地点），when（时间），what（事件），why（原因）说明文要注意说明的对象，特征、细节及数字等；议论文要注意的观点，论点和论据。3. 要通过文章线索来分析判断的意图。文章的结论、中心思想，及深层次的推理判断，这一点是最难把握的考生做题时要特别注意。4. 要了解英语国家的风俗习惯，风土人情，了解地道英语语言表达习惯，不能以中国人的习惯来理解文章，阐述问题。

2. 求2015年英语中考模拟试题汇编第3,4页的阅读翻译。

On February 3rd，1949，New York Harbor(港) was an exciting place.Many people were
there to greet a ship from France.On the ship were 49 French railroad
boxcars(火车车厢) filled with gifts from the people of France to the people of
America.These boxcars were from the famous Merci Train (Merci，a French word
meaning "thank you").

After world War Ⅱ(二战)，a lot of factories，roads and farms in France had been
destroyed.Many French people had no jobs or money and had little to wear and
little to eat.In the winter of 1947，a train was sent across the United
States，stopping in cities and towns along the way.At every stop，people gave
whatever they could.Factories gave clothing and medicine.Farmers gave
food.Families gave money.Even school children gave away their pocket
money(零用钱).All the things were then taken to France by ship.

By 1949，the French had begun to recover(恢复) from the war.The Merci Train
was their way of saying "thank you" to America.French people had filled the
boxcars with gifts.Most of them were personal，like hand-made toys，children's
drawings，or postcards.But the boxcars themselves were perhaps the most
meaningful of the gifts.On each car，the French people had painted the pictures
of all their 40 provinces，with an American eagle on the front.The boxcars were
taken to each state of America，where they were warmly greeted.

Now many of the states still keep their boxcars.Gifts sent by the French
people can still be seen in some museums.The Merci Train came out of the war，but
it now reminds the world that countries can also work together in peace(和平).

阅读短文，根据短文内容选择最佳答案。

( ) 1.Many people crowded at New York Harbor on February 3rd，1949 to
________.

A.welcome the Merci Train

B.meet their families

C.have a big party

D.start a trip by ship

( ) 2.In 1947，a train stopped in cities across America in order to
________.

A.give away clothing and food

B.get more soldiers for the war

C.collect things to help French people

D.show exhibitions from the museums

( ) 3.The underlined word "them" in Paragraph 3 refers to(指) ________.

A.the American people

B.the French people

C.the boxcars

D.the gifts

( ) 4.The French people painted their 40 provinces and an American eagle on
each boxcar because _______.

A.they thought France was stronger than America

B.it could show the friendship between the two countries

C.the boxcars would be more beautiful

D.they were very good at painting pictures

( ) 5.The passage is mainly about _______.

A.the story of the Merci Train

B.American museums where the boxcars are kept

C.gifts that American people liked

D.World War Ⅱ

答案解析

1.A 根据第一段内容我们可知许多人来到 New York Harbor 的目的是为了欢迎来自法国的 Merci Train，故正确答案为
A。

2.C 根据“At every stop，people gave whatever they could... All the things were
then taken to France by ship.”可以推测出正确答案为 C。

3.D 根据第三段第三句和第四句的 personal，like hand-made toys...”可知 them 指代的是 gifts，故正确答案为
D。

4.B 根据“...the French people had painted the pictures of all their 40
provinces，...where they were warmly greeted.”可以推测出正确答案为 B。

5.A 通过文章内容我们可知整篇文章都是围绕 Merci Train 来写的，故正确答案为 A。

(五)社会万象

在中考阅读理解中，本话题包括的题材很多，它们来自生活，来自社会，针对这些题材要求抓住关键的句子和一些与考查内容有关的问题所在，这样便于我们解题时“顺藤摸瓜”，找出问题的答案。这种题型一般是对文章理解能力的考查，抓住文章的关键句和关键词是非常重要的。

解题思路：看清题干，明确把握问题指向，带着问题读文章，避免“回视”现象，提高做题的速度，提高解题质量。

例如：

In most cultures，when you meet people you know for the first time ring a
day，it is usual to greet them.Once a young woman from England went to Hong Kong
to work.When she first arrived，she knew little about the Chinese culture of
language.On her way to school one day，she went to a bank to get some money.To
her surprise，the bank clerk asked her if she had had her lunch.She was surprised
at such a question because in the British culture it would mean an invitation to
lunch.Between unmarried young people it can also mean the young man's interest
in dating the girl.Since this bank clerk was a stranger to the British woman，she
was very puzzled，and quickly answered that she had eaten already.After this she
went on to school and was even more surprised when one of the teachers asked her
the same question.

By now she understood that it could not be an invitation but was puzzled as
to why they asked it.In the following days she was asked the same question again
and again and she spent many hours trying to work out why so many people kept
asking her this.At last she thought that these people must be concerned
about(关心) her health.She was rather thin at the time，and she thought they must
be worrying that she was not eating well!

In fact the question like that has no real meaning at all — it is only a
greeting.

根据短文内容，判断句子的正误，正确的在括号内写“T”，错误的写“F”。

( ) 1.The young British woman went to Hong Kong for work.

( ) 2.The British woman went to the bank to get some money.

( ) 3.The bank clerk invited the young British woman to lunch.

( ) 4.The teacher's question made the British woman happy.

( ) 5.In fact the young British woman didn't know much about Chinese
culture.

答案解析

1.T 根据“Once a young woman from England...”可知这年轻英国妇女是来香港工作的，故此句表述是正确的。

2.T 根据“...she went to a bank to get some money.”可知此句表述是正确的。

3.F 通过本文最后一句我们可以了解到，在中国问别人“吃了吗”是表问候，而不一定是真正的想请人吃饭。故此句的错误的。

4.F 根据“After this she went on to school and was even more
surprised...”可知此句表述是错误的。

5.T 根据文章内容我们知道，这位英国妇女对中国文化不是很了解，所以对“if she had had her lunch”产生困惑。

当然，中考英语阅读理解题的材料远不止这些种类，但只要运用了上面的基本的解题技巧，也能把这个题型做得很好。

实战练习

一

My brother，Henry，has a good job at a bank.I couldn't believe him when he
told me that he had decided to give it up.Though I tried to make him change his
mind，I failed completely.

"You should reconsider your decision，" I said，"You have already spent five
years in the bank and you could have a wonderful future.You might become a bank
manager by the time you are thirty-five."

"I know，" Henry answered，"I have got no complaints with the bank.It is a
pleasant job.The bank manager told me my future was good."

"Then why do you want to leave?" I asked.

"It's the money，" Henry said.

"But you are getting a good salary." I answered.

"I don't mean that，" Henry said，"What do I do in the bank? Well，at the
moment all I do is to count money.I found it very depressing."

"What is depressing about counting money?" I asked.

"You don't understand，" Henry answered，"I enjoying counting my own
money，but I hate counting other people's!"

根据短文内容，选择正确答案。

( ) 1.The writer wants to know ________.

A.what his brother does at the bank.

B.how long his brother has worked at the bank

C.why his brother has decided to leave the bank

D.when his brother will become a bank manager

( ) 2.His brother does not enjoy ________.

A.working in pleasant conditions

B.keeping happy hours

C.counting his own money

D.counting other people's money

( ) 3.You should reconsider your decision.Here the word "reconsider" means
"________".

A.think of

B.think

C.think over again

D.think better of

( ) 4.From the writer's words we know the bank pays his brother ________
for his work.

A.a good salary

B.as much money as the manager's

C.no money

D.not much money

( ) 5.The best title for this story is _______.

A.A Good Job

B.The Wonderful Future

C.Money Problem

D.Change In Mind

答案：

1.C Henry 在银行工作，有丰厚的待遇和美好的未来，“我”想知道他为什么还要辞职。

2.D 从最后一句 hate(讨厌) 可知他不喜欢替别人数钱。

3.C 从构词法可知 re 表重复，“再考虑一下”自己的决定，现在待遇不错，前途也光明，放弃很可惜。

4.A 由文中“But you are getting a good salary”可知。

5.C “钱的烦恼”一方面自己薪水很高，但每天又忙着替别人数钱而不是替自己数钱，给他的兄弟带来心理的不平衡，这些钱不是他自己的。

3. 中考英语阅读理解究竟应该怎么做

首先是语法，在你的语法达到一定层次之后，你就可以追求更多的变化了，比如回，用虚拟语气句答型it is high time that we……代替常用的it is necessary that we should……，又如用倒装句代替常见的平铺直叙等，这样可以增加你的语法亮点，让已经有些麻木一直想睡觉的阅卷老师眼睛一亮，在你的试卷上多扫射一番！其次，是词汇，我觉得，在你的语法达到基本不会出错的程度上，作文便应该以词汇取胜，因为在这个层次上，大家的语法都差不多，没什么变化，唯一有变化的就是你的词汇！给你打个比方吧，很多想到“许多”就用many，但是你别忘了many a ；handsome；massive，innumerable，a multitude of ；很多人想到“专家”就写expert，但很少人会想到specialist，很多人在想到“擅长”这词，就写be good at

4. 中考英语的阅读理解的题型和文章类型有哪些

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5. 北京中考英语的完型，阅读一般都是从哪里找来的高中试题吗

这个范围太广了，还是放弃这条遥远的捷径吧，熟悉各种语法，多读多说，慢慢的凭语感，也能应付这些试题的