黑洞的英语阅读

⑴ 关于黑洞的知识(英语)•

黑洞是现代广义相对论中，宇宙空间内存在的一种天体。黑洞的引力很大，使得视界内的逃逸速度大于光速。
1916年，德国天文学家卡尔·史瓦西（Karl Schwarzschild）通过计算得到了爱因斯坦引力场方程的一个真空解，这个解表明，如果将大量物质集中于空间一点，其周围会产生奇异的现象，即在质点周围存在一个界面——“视界”一旦进入这个界面，即使光也无法逃脱。这种“不可思议的天体”被美国物理学家约翰·阿奇博尔德·惠勒（John Archibald Wheeler）命名为“黑洞”。
“黑洞是时空曲率大到光都无法从其事件视界逃脱的天体”。[1-3]
黑洞无法直接观测，但可以借由间接方式得知其存在与质量，并且观测到它对其他事物的影响。借由物体被吸入之前的因高热而放出和γ射线的“边缘讯息”，可以获取黑洞存在的讯息。推测出黑洞的存在也可借由间接观测恒星或星际云气团绕行轨迹取得位置以及质量。
希望我能帮助你解疑释惑。

⑵ 有关黑洞的英语阅读

General relativity predicts a particularly dense dark objects. Evolution of massive stars in their late collapse occurs, the dense material in particular, it has one called "event horizon" of the closed border, a black hole hidden in a huge gravitational field, e to the gravitational field so strong, including in particular photon (ie the composition of light particles, the speed c = 3.0 × 10 ^ 8m / s), including any material can only be entered could not escape. The formation of a black hole minimum mass star's core is about three times the solar mass, of course, this is the last star of nuclear quality, rather than main sequence stars in the period of quality. In addition to this stellar-class black hole, there are other sources of black holes - the so-called micro-black holes may be formed in the early universe, the so-called supermassive black holes may exist in the central galaxy.

⑶ 宇宙的英语阅读

有关宇宙的英语阅读

关于宇宙，大家都有无限的想象，下面我收集了一些有关宇宙的英语阅读文章，一起来欣赏一下吧!

【宇宙中可能存在其他“地球”】

The Kepler orbiting observatory was launched with a simple mission - to find other Earths. NASA describes it as 'a search for habitable planets.'

随着一项简单的任务，寻找其他“地球”，开普勒轨道天文台启动。美国宇航局将其描述为“一次对可居住的星球的搜寻”。

And analysis of its first 136 days of data has already begun - with scientists combing through scans of 150,000 stars, and evidence of 1,235 potential planets.

通过扫描浏览150,000颗恒星，科学家们已经开始分析梳理头136天的数据，结果表明有1,235颗可能的行星。

Such information is fascinating in itself - but it also allows scientists to work out projections using statistical analysis.

这类消息本身很吸引人的，但同时也需要科学家们运用数据分析得出推测。

One analysis has predicted that one-third of 'sun-like' stars - stars with the classification F, G or K - will have planets similar to Earth.

一项分析推测，三分之一的类太阳恒星，即F, G 或 K类恒星，将会有类似地球的行星存在。

Traub says, “About one-third of FGK stars are predicted to have at least one terrestrial, habitable-zone planet.”

Traub说：“根据预测，大约三分之一的F, G 或 K类类恒星会至少有一个行星类似地球，拥有可居住区域。”

Traub used statistical analysis to 'predict' planets that had not been detected by Kepler, and whether they would be within the 'habitable zone'. Traub's analysis hints that there may be even more potential 'Earths' orbiting them than previously thought - and that this 'principle' would extend to stars not yet scanned by Kepler.

Traub运用数据分析推测出尚未被开普勒轨道天文台侦察到的行星，同时推测出是否有可居住区域。这项分析暗示，或许有比从前预想的更多的潜在“地球”在进行着轨道运动，这一原则将会拓展到还没被开普勒轨道天文台扫描到的地区。

Some commenters felt that Traub's 'habitable zones' were too generous, it included planets shrouded in icy clouds of carbon dioxide.

一些批评家们觉得，Traub的“可居住区”太过笼统，还包括了被结冰的二氧化碳云层笼罩的行星。

The $600 million Kepler spacecraft, which launched in March 2009, is staring continuously at a patch of sky containing about 150,000 stars in the Cygnus constellation.

2009年3月，花费6亿美元的开普勒宇宙飞船发射，一直不断的探测着包含着150,000颗恒星的天鹅座。

The high-tech equipment analyses each stars' light every 30 minutes, watching for telltale dips in brightness which may indicate a planet is crossing its path.

高科技设备分析了每一颗恒星每30分钟的光，等待他们沐浴在光亮下的迹象，这意味着一刻行星正在通过它的`路径。

Sophisticated sifting software is used to send the data to earth-bound scientists, who scour the results. As Kepler continues to scan, data - and analyses such as Traub's paper - will continue to become more accurate.

复杂精致的筛选软件被用于给地球上的科学家发送数据，他们负责弄清楚结果。随着开普勒轨道天文台的继续扫描，数据与分析(例如Traub文件)将会继续变得更加准确。

【黑洞中可能存在超越人类的文明】

Despite being considered the most destructive force in space and absolutely uninhabitable, the conditions for life exist inside supermassive black holes, a Russian cosmologist has theorised. Vyacheslav Dokuchaev has even suggested that if life did exist inside the SBH, it would have evolved to become the most advanced civilisation in the galaxy.

尽管超大质量黑洞被认为最具破坏力并且绝对无法居住，然而俄罗斯的一名宇宙学家理论上认为，黑洞中有生命存在的条件。Vyacheslav Dokuchaev甚至曾暗示说，如果黑洞中真的有生命存在，他们已经进化成银河中最先进的文明。

Supermassive black holes are such powerful gravitational forces that they suck in everything around them, including light, and nothing that crosses the black hole's 'event horizon(at the lip of the black hole)' is ever seen again.

超大质量黑洞引力非常强大，会将它周围的一切都吸进去，任何穿过黑洞视界(即黑洞的边缘)的东西都将永无再现之日，包括光。

But now Dokuchaev, of Moscow's Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, says existing evidence combined with new research throws up intriguing possibilities for certain types of black holes.

但是现在，莫斯科核研究所俄罗斯科学院的Dokuchaev说，现有证据结合最新的研究引出了对特定类型黑洞来说非常有趣的可能性。

Inside a charged, rotating black hole there are regions where photons can survive in stable periodic orbits. Dokuchaev specialises in studying those orbits and their dynamics.

带电荷的、旋转的黑洞中，光子能够在一些区域内幸存，并且进行稳定的、周期性轨道运行。

He speculates, in a paper published in Cornell University's online journal arXiv, that if there are stable orbits for photons, there is no reason why there could not be stable orbits for larger objects, such as planets.

Dokuchaev在发表在美国康奈尔大学网络期刊arXiv的一篇论文中推测说，如果光子在黑洞中有稳定轨道，比如行星等大的物体在黑洞中没有稳定轨道是非常没有理由的。

The problem is that these stable orbits would only exist once you have crossed the threshold of the event horizon, where time and space flow into one another.

问题是，只有曾穿过黑洞视界的临界才会存在稳定轨道，那里时间与空间会流入其他地方。

However, beyond the event horizon is another domain, known as the Cauchy horizon, where time and space return to stable states. It is inside the Cauchy horizon that life could exist, Dokuchaev argues in the paper published in arXiv, and the type of life that could exist in those conditions - where they would be subject to massive fluctuating tidal forces - would have evolved beyond ours.

然而，黑洞视界的另一边是一片被称作柯西视界的领域，那里的时空会恢复到稳定状态。Dokuchaev在发表在arXiv的论文中主张，柯西视界中有生命存在的可能, 而且在那种条件下存活的生命很可能进化的比人类还好，他们可能受支配与巨大的、波动的潮汐力。

Though that is a spine-tingling thought, Dokuchaev's proposition can only ever remain theoretical. Because nothing can ever escape from a black hole e to its enormous gravitational pull, we will never know if it is true.

虽然这是一个令人兴奋的想法，可是Dokuchaev的这项议题很可能永远只停留在理论层面。因为任何事物都无法逃离黑洞的巨大引力，我们永远也无法知道Dokuchaev的议题是不是真的。

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