2000年text5考研英语阅读
㈠ 考研英语阅读老是偷换出错！！怎么办！！
阅读出错，归根到底就是看不懂文章，考研英语考察你对文章的理解能力和版写作能力。
其中阅读权想要看懂
每个句子搞懂了，整篇文章才能搞懂。
想要提升阅读能力，就要精读真题，每篇文章搞烂搞透，逐字逐句翻译，学习译文的翻译方式，至少5篇阅读文章搞完，慢慢摸索出命题人出题思路和角度。从而再做英语阅读的时候，更快的抓住文章主旨，每道题回归到原文进行理解分析，不要贸然选择，考研阅读有一些陷阱很容易踩，一定要回归原文去理解，做出选择。
希望对你有帮助。
㈡ 考研英语，做了1997-2000年的题感觉挺简单，完型错一两个，阅读错两三个，怎么一下子到了200
都做对了不必兴奋，都做错了也毋须郁闷。做题对错有时有很大的偶然性，碰巧赶上都会的碰到一起，你就做对的多；不巧遇到不会的赶在一张卷里，你就做错的多。
倒是每次搞清楚那些不会的、抓住模棱两可的彻底弄明白才是最重要的！
㈢ 05——07年考研英语阅读及译文
回答字数在10000字以内，所以就放了2005年希望对你有用。
2005 Passage 1
Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human”, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it all too monkey, as well.
The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food tardily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males.
Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan's and Dr. de waal's; study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.
In the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers) So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber .Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to rece resentment in a female capuchin.
The researches suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions, in the wild, they are a co-operative, groupliving species, Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone, Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems form the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.
21. In the opening paragraph, the author introces his topic by
[A]. posing a contrast.
[B]. justifying an assumption.
[C]. making a comparison.
[D]. explaining a phenomenon.
22. The statement “it is all too monkey” (Last line, paragraph l) implies that
[A]. monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals.
[B]. resenting unfairness is also monkeys' nature.
[C]. monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other.
[D]. no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions.
23. Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are
[A]. more inclined to weigh what they get.
[B]. attentive to researchers' instructions.
[C]. nice in both appearance and temperament.
[D]. more generous than their male companions
24. Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys
[A]. prefer grapes to cucumbers.
[B]. can be taught to exchange things.
[C]. will not be co-operative if feeling cheated.
[D]. are unhappy when separated from others.
25. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
[A]. Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.
[B]. Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.
[C]. Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.
[D]. Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.
重点词汇：
assumption （假定；承担；呈现）是assume的名词形式；见1997年Text 2。.参consumption，2002年Text 3。assumption — the mother of screw-up 臆断——把事情弄糟的根源。underlying assumption 潜在的假定。
grievance /n.委屈冤情不平。申诉人提出不满意见交付仲裁者。悲痛伤心事不幸忧伤。因为有冤情（）而满怀悲痛（）向申诉人申诉。
tardily adv.缓慢。形容词形式拖拉的。（谐音记忆：他地，工作是他的，所以我可以拖拉）
counterpart （相似或对应的人或物）即counter+part，counter-前缀“对等”，part部分，“对等的部分”。见2000年 Passage 4 。
token n. 表示, 向征, 记号, 代币 adj. 象征的, 表意的。Tears are queer tokens of happiness. 眼泪是快乐的一种奇怪的表示。
reluctant （不愿的，勉强的）即re+luct+ant，re-看作“反复”，luct可看作词根lect“选择”，-ant形容词后缀，人们都不愿反反复复地作选择，所以“反复选择”→不愿的。Suggestion systems can work — don't be reluctant to use them.建议制度是有效的——不要不愿使用它们。
indignation n. 愤慨, 义愤。 记忆：in-dig挖（坑）-nation，挖坑藏在里面的民族，能不愤慨吗？比如老萨，呵呵。形容词形式 indignant adj. 愤怒的, 愤慨的
难句分析：
①Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human”, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance.
前一分句是句子的主句，其中使用了短语regard…as…的被动形式；with加名词作状语，即“带有潜在的假定”，其中assumption后接有that引导的同位语从句解释说明假定的内容。
翻译：这种行为被看作是“人之长情”，他潜在的假定就是其他动物不可能有这种高度发达的不公平意识。
②when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.
该句子的主句是their behaviour became markedly different.前面是when引导的时间状语从句，其中包含了so that引导的目的状语从句。
翻译：当两个猴子被安置在隔开但相邻的两个房间里，能够互相看见对方用石头换回来什么东西时，猴子的行为就会变的明显不同。
试题解析：
这篇文章是讲猴子有一种天然的公平意识，文章本身难度不是太大，一开始做了一个类比，讲人的公平意识。然后根据这个类比，文章重点谈猴子们的公平意识。这篇对比性的文章两个方面要理解，第一，人类和猴子之间都有一种近似的表现，当受到不公正待遇的时候，都有义愤填膺的感觉，如果把握这个逻辑，就是类比的逻辑。第二, 最后两段关于选择的实验的对象以及实验的结果。
21题，我们应该选择C，考察第一段的写作手法，明显用的是猴和人之间的相似形的比较关系。
22题答案是B，也是在把猴子和人做类比，指出猴子与人一样都抱怨不公平
23题答案选A，这个是事实细节题，答案是根据文章第三段第一句话得到的，雌性的猴子被选择做研究，是因为她们更加注重她们获得的东西。
24题答案选择C，他们最终的发现是什么，篇章最后两段反复重复，如果没有受到公平的话，
25题选择B.这篇文章第一段和最后一段都出现一个词，"假设"为什么猴和人都有这种心理反应，这个问题没有得以解决。
全文翻译：
人人都喜欢大幅加薪，但是当你知道一个同事薪水加得比你还要多的时候，那么加薪带给你的喜悦感就消失的无影无踪了。如果他还以懒散出名的话，你甚至会变得怒不可遏。这种行为被看作是“人之长情”，其潜在的假定其他动物不可能具有如此高度发达的不公平意识。但是由佐治亚州亚特兰大埃里莫大学的Sarah Brosnan 和Frans de Waal进行的一项研究表明，它也是“猴之常情”。这项研究成果刚刚发表在《自然》杂志上。
研究者们对雌性棕色卷尾猴的行为进行了研究。它们看起来很可爱，性格温顺，合作，乐于分享食物。最重要的是，就象女人们一样，它们往往比雄性更关注“商品和服务”价值。这些特性使它们成为Brosnan 和 de Waal理想的研究对象。研究者们花了两年的时间教这些猴子用代币换取食物。正常情况下，猴子很愿意用几块石头换几片黄瓜。但是，当两个猴子被安置在隔开但相邻的两个房间里，能够互相看见对方用石头换回来什么东西时，猴子的行为就会变的明显不同。
在卷尾猴的世界里，葡萄是奢侈品（比黄瓜受欢迎得多）。所以当一只猴子用一个代币换回一颗葡萄时，第二只猴子就不愿意用自己的代币换回一片黄瓜。如果一只猴子根本无需用代币就能够得到一颗葡萄的话，那么另外一只就会将代币掷向研究人员或者扔出房间外，或者拒绝接受那片黄瓜。事实上，只要在另一房间里出现了葡萄（不管有没有猴子吃它），都足以引起雌卷尾猴的怨恨。
研究人员指出，正如人类一样，卷尾猴也受社会情感的影响。在野外，它们是相互合作的群居动物。只有当每只猴子感到自己没有受到欺骗时，这种合作才可能稳定。不公平而引起的愤怒感似乎不是人类的专利。拒绝接受较少的酬劳可以让这些情绪准确无误地传达给其它成员。但是这种公平感是在卷尾猴和人类身上各自独立演化而成，还是来自三千五百万前他们共同的祖先，这还是一个悬而未决的问题。
2005 Passage 2
Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn't know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.
There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth's atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panel's report “Science never has all the answers .But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that out nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.”
Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it's Ok to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. This is a dangerous game: by the 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.
Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But it's obvious that a majority of the president's advisers still don't take global warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research-a classic case of “paralysis by analysis”.
To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration won't take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures .A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private instry is a promising start Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.
26. An argument made by supporters of smoking was that
[A]. there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death.
[B]. the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant.
[C]. people had the freedom to choose their own way of life.
[D]. antismoking people were usually talking nonsense.
27. According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as
[A]. a protector.
[B]. a judge.
[C]. a critic.
[D]. a guide.
28. What does the author mean by “paralysis by analysis” (Last line, paragraph 4)
[A]. Endless studies kill action.
[B]. Careful investigation reveals truth.
[C]. prudent planning hinders.
[D]. Extensive research helps decision-making.
29. According to the author, what should the Administration do about
[A]. Offer aid to build cleaner power plants.
[B]. Raise public awareness of conservation.
[C]. Press for further scientific research.
[D]. Take some legislative measures.
30. The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because
[A]. they both suffered from the government's negligence.
[B]. a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former.
[C]. the outcome of the latter aggravates the former.
[D]. both of them have turned from bad to worse.
重点词汇：
prudent adj. 谨慎的。It's prudent to take a thick coat in cold weather when you go out. 在寒冷的天气下外出时带上件厚外套是谨慎的。名词形式prudence n. 审慎。记忆：rude 粗鲁的，无礼的，p不-rude粗鲁的-ent形容词后缀
paralysis n. 瘫痪, 麻痹。 para-侧面。参见2003年Text 2。
paraphrase （n.v.释意）即para+phrase，para-前缀表“在旁边、辅助”，phrase即“短语；用短语表达”，故“用短语辅助表达”→释意。以para-为前缀的单词还有paragraph（文章的段、节；短评）←para+graph写；parameter（参数）←para+meter计量；parasite（寄生虫）←para+site地点。
analysis n. 分析, 分解。记忆：an-a-lysis，后缀同上，分析成一个an,a。联想：反义词synthesis n. 综合, 合成
take the legislative initiative
take the initiative 带头,开始着手 took the initiative in trying to solve the problem.开始着手试图解决这个问题
initiative n. 主动。 名词形式initiate vt. 开始, 发动, 传授 v. 开始, 发起
legislative adj. 立法的, 立法机关的 n. 立法机关。参见1999 Passage 4 。legislation （立法；法规）看作leg+is+lat(e)+ion，leg词根“法律”（参allegation宣称，2003年Text 2），is是，late迟的，-ion名词后缀，“法律是迟的”→旧法律难以适应新事物→所以要不断“立法”→“立法”之产物即“法规”。
难句解析：
①The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth's atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made.
主干部分是The latest was a panel，表语panel后接有两个定语成分：from的介词短语和含enlisted的过去分词，即“白宫召集的、来自国家科学院的专家团”，其中第二个定语成分中又包含一个不定式结构，表目的，即“为了告诉我们……而召集的（专家团）”。
翻译：最近的行动是由白宫召集了一批来自国家科学院的专家团，他们告诉我们，地球气候毫无疑问正在变暖，而这个问题主要是人为造成的。
②But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that out nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.”
该句子的主干是由and连接的两个并列从句，前一分句的主干是science…provide us with…guide；后一分句的主干是it is critical，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。从句的主干是our nation and the world base…policies on…judgments，judgments后接有两个定语结构，一是that引导的定语从句，一是concerning分词结构。
翻译：但是科学确实为我们的未来提供了最好的指导，关键是我们的国家和整个的世界在做重要决策时，应该以科学能够提供的关于人类现在的行为对未来影响最好的判断作为依据。
③Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it's Ok to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure。
该句子的主干是voices now come from many quarters；句首Just as结构做比较状语，意为“正如…一样”；insisting 引导的分词结构做定语修饰主语voice，分词结构中含有两个并列的由that引导的宾语从句，第二个宾语从句的真实主语是不定式结构to keep…
翻译：就象吸烟问题一样，来自不同领域的声音坚持认为有关全球变暖的科学资料还不完整。
试题解析：
第二篇文章是一篇一般的时事性文章，这也是一篇类比，考完了以后很多考生说这篇文章讲抽烟，其实不是的，作者讲抽烟是想说明现在的温室效应，也是一种类比，许多人抽烟没有人去管，因为缺乏足够的证据,咱们各国政府也不管温室效应, 也是同样的原因。中心讲的是世界各个政府对温室效应的解决的态度，篇章的关键词围绕这样三个问题展开，第一个就是证据不充足。第二是科学的意义。第三是制定法律，尤其最后三段大量出现立法和法规的现象，
26题选C，
27应该选D，科学应该作为一个指导性，是答案是根据文章第2段的最后两句话。
28题是猜单词题，单词所在的句子的意思是有些人总要科学证据，结果抹杀了行动。所以选A。29答案选择D，采取某种法律措施，法律在最后的段落重复的最多。
30题作者谈的抽烟的教训对我们温室处理也是一样的，选B。
全文翻译：
还记得科学家们认为吸烟会致人死亡，而那些怀疑者们却坚持认为我们无法对此得出定论的时候吗？还记得怀疑者们坚持认为缺乏决定性的证据，科学也不确定的时候吗？还记得怀疑者们坚持认为反对吸烟的游说是为了毁掉我们的生活方式，而政府应该置身事外的时候吗？许多美国人相信了这些胡言乱语，在三十多年中，差不多有一千万烟民早早的进了坟墓。
现在出现了与吸烟类似的令人感到难过的事情。科学家们前仆后继，试图使我们意识到全球气候变暖所带来的日益严重的威胁。最近的行动是由白宫召集了一批来自国家科学院的专家团，他们告诉我们，地球气候毫无疑问正在变暖，而这个问题主要是人为造成的。明确的信息表明是我们应该立刻着手保护自己。国家科学院院长Bruce Alberts在专家团报告的前言中加上了这一重要观点：“科学解答不了所有问题。但是科学确实为我们的未来提供了最好的指导，关键是我们的国家和整个的世界在做重要决策时，应该以科学能够提供的关于人类现在的行为对未来影响最好的判断作为依据。
就象吸烟问题一样，来自不同领域的声音坚持认为有关全球变暖的科学资料还不完整。在我们证实这件事之前可以向大气中不断的排放气体。这是一个危险的游戏；到了有百分之百的证据的时候，可能就太晚了。随着风险越来越明显，并且不断增加，一个谨慎的民族现在应该准备一份保单了。
幸运的是，白宫开始关注这件事了。但是显然大多数总统顾问并没有认真看待全球气候变暖这个问题。他们没有出台行动计划，相反只是继续迫切要求进行更多的研究――这是一个经典的“分析导致麻痹案例”。
为了成为地球上有责任心的一员，我们必须积极
㈣ 英语翻译和分析： 2000年英语考研阅读5 求帮忙
个人的雄心如果能被正确看待的话，那么它的回报——财富、声誉、对命运的掌握——则应回该被认为值得为之答付出牺牲。如果雄心的传统具有生命力，那么它就应该受到广泛的推崇，尤其应该受到那些自身得到他人羡慕的人们的高度重视，当然那些接受过良好教育的人也应包括在内
首先这是篇考研阅读的话 那么文章一定来自于外文摘选，所以每个词后面的内在含义与寓意不是光在表面才理解的，还有上下文也是可以帮忙解释的，考研英语阅读不是看你的逻辑结构怎样，而是看你能不能读懂句子，选出合适的选项啊
㈤ 考研英语阅读什么时候改为5题的
您好，自2002年开始考研英语每篇阅读改为5小题，共4篇传统阅读；2002年以前，考研英语传统阅读每篇4小题，共5篇。具体您可参考历年真题。祝您考研顺利！
㈥ 2000passage3考研英语阅读真题及答案
2022扫描书籍PDF讲义
若有资源问题欢迎追问~
㈦ 新编考研英语阅读理解150篇的目录
UniT 1
TexT 1 英国铁路现状
TexT 2 艺术批评家的品质
TexT 3 有意识的梦境
TexT 4 膳食指南金字塔
UniT 2
TexT 1 新闻如何吸引读者
TexT 2 电信业的变革
TexT 3 教师资格认证新方法
TexT 4 食物里程和环境保护
UniT 3
TexT 1 基因检测用于案件侦破
TexT 2 企业绿色外衣现象
TexT 3 美国拟解除飞机上的手机禁令
TexT 4 进阶数学的复兴
UniT 4
TexT 1 鸟的预警信号
TexT 2 美国现行校历已经过时
TexT 3 索尼公司的管理
TexT 4 贫富与健康
UniT 5
TexT 1 手机引起爆炸的传说
TexT 2 社交网站的商务用途
TexT 3 女性较少出现在游戏领域
TexT 4 美国小学的绿色教育UniT 6
TexT 1 经济行为是进化的结果
TexT 2 开放存取科学出版的兴起
TexT 3 搭便车文化行将消失
TexT 4 中产阶级消费新趋势
UniT 7
TexT 1 美国专利制度的弊端
TexT 2 美国子女的回巢现象
TexT 3 性格的可变性及影响因素
TexT 4 编辑应学会接受困惑
UniT 8
TexT 1 老年人消费群体中大有商机
TexT 2 医疗服务信息利弊
TexT 3 生态恐怖主义
TexT 4 英国的教育制度改革
UniT 9
TexT 1 鸡蛋中培养流感疫苗
TexT 2 加拿大的劣质服务
TexT 3 视频游戏不应遭禁
TexT 4 美国大学进入资本市场
UniT 10
TexT 1 开源软件的发展和挑战
TexT 2 广告业是经济晴雨表
TexT 3 预防原则的合理运用
TexT 4 如何管理知识工人
UniT 11
TexT 1 报纸走向低俗的原因
TexT 2 学业间断期
TexT 3 英国拟推出全新身份证
TexT 4 资本主义无需为幸福负责
UniT 12
TexT 1 美国名校成特权堡垒
TexT 2 生活方式管理的利弊
TexT 3 “无纸化”办公
TexT 4 道德准则的进化
UniT 13
TexT 1 青少年积分卡制度的缺点
TexT 2 新闻通讯社经营模式改变
TexT 3 隔离产生新物种
TexT 4 赔偿文化
UniT 14
TexT 1 飞机上的碳排放
TexT 2 美国的社会保障私有化
TexT 3 英国大学扩招
TexT 4 全球化影响工人收入份额
UniT 15
TexT 1 平等社会中女性的绝对优势增强
TexT 2 美国广播公司开拓网络业务
TexT 3 饮食性疾患
TexT 4 “基因组大战”的结束
UniT 16
TexT 1 英国人为何缺乏工作积极性
TexT 2 转基因作物不被接受
TexT 3 报纸的社会责任
TexT 4 数据安全问题亟待解决
UniT 17
TexT 1 美国福利改革取得成功
TexT 2 经济鞭策手段是备用的制裁手段
TexT 3 在线医疗遭到质疑
TexT 4 未来电脑智能化发展的预测
UniT 18
TexT 1 未来网络——语义万维网
TexT 2 理工科人才的需求现状
TexT 3 美国经济形势与债券市场现状
TexT 4 美国教师绩效付酬制度
UniT 19
TexT 1 经济危机故事的自我应验
TexT 2 传媒利润与公众利益
TexT 3 阿拉斯加湖扩张之谜
TexT 4 对比欧美的社会流动性
UniT 20
TexT 1 气候变化影响农业
TexT 2 解决器官捐赠短缺问题的方案
TexT 3 英国道路收费系统
TexT 4 人才短缺现象
UniT 21
TexT 1 食物影响情绪和思维
TexT 2 “黑天鹅”事件
TexT 3 美国的养老金制度
TexT 4 质疑美国的国家课程计划
UniT 22
TexT 1 悲伤有益
TexT 2 科学研究与公共安全
TexT 3 报纸的前途
TexT 4 对待维多利亚人的正确态度
㈧ 研究生英语阅读教程的目录
Ⅰ.Course Section
Unit1
Unit2
Unit3
Unit4
Unit5
Unit6
Unit7
Unit8
Unit9
Ⅱ.Source Section
Unit1
Unit2
Unit3
Unit4
Unit5
Unit6
Unit7
Unit8
Unit9
Ⅲ.Supplementary Readings
Text1 Scientific Method
Text2 Evaluating Internet Research Sources
Text3 The Gathering Storm
Text4 Readings from the President's Councilon Bioethics
Text5 BBC Reith Lecture5: Global Politicsina Complex Age
㈨ 英语一阅读高频考点及解题技巧
2018年考研的时间也不多了，这时候拼的是爆发力，拼的是方法和效率，每个科目复习都要集中精力做更利与提分和决定成败的部分，在阅读理解上要抓住一些常考知识点和技巧就行了。以下是我推荐英语一阅读高频考点及一些解题技巧的知识，欢迎阅读!
英语一阅读高频考点
一、as结构
regard…as…(2011)
call…as…(2011)
use…as…(2004)
consider…as…(2004)
treat…as…(2014)
portray…as…(2012)
view…as…
see…as…
look upon…as
treat…as…
think of…as…
二、否定词
2011 Q22 细节题---猜词 unpretentious-modest
2011 Q39 细节推理题---猜词 unrealistic-misleading
2012 Q26 词义题 reneging on-dishonoring
2012 Q40 态度题 but, bad-disapproval
2013 Q23词义题 indictment-accusation
2014 Q24 细节推理 hurting, terrifying, embarrassing, hard to get-uneasy
2015 Q27 态度题 discard-disapproval
三、特殊标点
2013 Q34 细节题 冒号
2012 Q24 细节推理题 冒号
2012Q 29 细节题 冒号
2011 Q36 观点题 冒号
2007 Q31 细节题 冒号
2012 Q36 推理题 分号
2013 Q25 主旨题 分号
2014 Q38 细节题 分号
英语一阅读解题技巧
阅读解题技巧
一、细节题
【解题方法】题干+选项精确定位法
【解题步骤】
1. 找题干关键词，精确定位到文章(题干的关键词一般会定位到文章的某句或者相连的两句中)
2. 将所选答案精确定位到文章
【例题】2012年Text1
22. Rosenberg holds that public-health advocates should _________.
[A] recruit professional advertisers
[B] learn from advertisers' experience
[C] stay away from commercial advertisers
[D] recognize the limitations of advertisements
The idea seems promising，and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of many public-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology. "Dare to be different, please don't smoke!" pleads one billboard campaign aimed at recing smoking among teenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.
【解题步骤应用】
1 题干定位：段落的最后一句
Rosenberg--- Rosenberg
holds---argues
that---that
public-health advocates--- public-health advocates
should---ought to
因此，答案定位在take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.
2 选项定位
答案[B] learn from advertisers' experience
learn from---take a page from 表"学习"。
experience---skilled 表示"有经验的，很娴熟的"。
二、推断题
【解题方法】找段落中心句
寻找段落中心句方法：
第一、逻辑上出现转承关系的句子(转折、因果、递进，即有therefore, thus, but, however, in short, all in all 等提示词的句子);
第二、有明确表示观点的路标指引词(think, believe, deny, acknowledge, insist, according to, claim…)
第三、含有情态动词的句子(should, must…)
第四、含有特殊标点的句子(冒号、破折号、引号、括号)
第五、特殊句型(疑问句、倒装句、强调句、省略句)
第六、平铺直叙段落中，注意首末句
【解题步骤】
1. 根据题干，寻找该段落中心句,
2. 正确答案即段落中心句的同义改写
【例题】2009年Text4
37. It is suggested in paragraph 2 that New Englanders________.
[A] experienced a comparatively peaceful early history
[B] brought with them the culture of the Old World
[C] paid little attention to southern intellectual life
[D] were obsessed with religious innovations
To take this approach to the New Englanders normally means to start with the Puritans' theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church-important subjects that we may not neglect. But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture, adjusting to New World circumstances. The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity.
【解题步骤应用】
1. 寻找段落中心句(转折处)
But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture, adjusting to New World circumstances.
2. 正确答案即段落中心句的同义改写
答案[B] brought with them the culture of the Old World
New Englanders--- the original Puritans
brought with ---carriers
them---the original puritans
the culture---culture
old world---European
三、态度题
【解题方法】作者态度分类法
1. 在判断感情色彩时，应结合以下两点。
1)作者态度可以分为三大类：a. 正向态度：支持，乐观，赞同; b. 客观、中立、公正;c. 负向态度：反对、批评、怀疑
2)特别注意作者的态度一般与文章中心相联系。不要把自己的态度纳入其中，而且要注意区分作者的态度和作者引用别人的态度。
2. 匹配选项。匹配选项时应该注意：
1)有些选项一定不是正确答案(永陪选项)：indifferent(漠不关心);subjective(主观的);biased(有偏见的);puzzled(迷惑不解的)。
2)一般带有绝对化或者过于强烈的语气的选项必然是错误的，如：strongly;completely;entirely。
3. 态度题的新趋势：
1)现在题目的考察不仅仅局限于作者的态度，也开始考察文章中某人的观点和态度，做题时特别应该注意看清楚题目考察的是谁对谁的态度。
2)选项可能不在是态度明确的肯定或者否定的词，而是改为带有程度限制的词语，带有如下词语的选项往往是正确的：guarded慎重的，qualified有条件的，tempered缓和的，因为带有保留态度的观点比较客观，一般带有绝对化或者过于强烈的语气的选项必然是错误的，如：strongly completely entirely
【解题步骤】
1.判断选项ABCD的态度正负向，将四个选项进行分类(正向，负向)
2.根据关键词，回文定位判断态度。
【例题】2015年Text 2
They should start by discarding California's lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone - a vast storehouse of digital information - is similar to, say, rifling through a suspect's purse. The court has ruled that police don't violate the Fourth Amendment when they sift through the wallet or pocketbook of an arrestee without a warrant.
27. The author's attitude toward California's argument is one of
[A] disapproval.
[B] indifference.
[C] tolerance.
[D] cautiousness.
【解题步骤应用】
1 判断选项态度的正负向
[A] disapproval反对的(负)
[B] indifference漠不关心的(中立)
[C] tolerance包容(正)
[D] cautiousness谨慎的(正)
2 回文判断态度
They should start by discarding California's lame argument
因此，根据文章的discarding，可以确定是表示负向否定态度，因此答案选A。
四、主旨题
【解题方法】1串线法 2主题词复现法 3框架法
【解题步骤】
1. 找出段落中心句或者主题词
2. 串联各段段落中心句，合并同类项，即可得出全文主旨
【例题】2008年Text 1
25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
[A] Strain of Stress: No Way Out?
[B] Responses to Stress: Gender Difference
[C] Stress Analysis: What Chemicals Say?
[D] Gender Inequality: Women Under Stress
While still catching up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. "Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men," according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York's Veteran's Administration Hospital.
Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to proce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproctive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.
Adding to a woman's increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased "opportunities" for stress. "It's not necessarily that women don't cope as well. It's just that they have so much more to cope with," says Dr. Yehuda. "Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men's," she observes, "it's just that they're dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner."
Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. "I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating."
Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college. "I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better." Later, her marriage ended and she became a single mother. "It's the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck."
Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarez's experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.
【解题步骤应用】
1. 总结每段中心
Para1 女性比男性压力大
Para2 从生物角度而言，女性比男性压力大
Para3 现实中，女性比男性压力大
Para4 女性和男性面对的压力的不同特点
Para5 举例论证女性压力的特点
Para6 女性压力的现状及应对建议
2.合并同类项，即可得出全文主旨
Para1 women men stress
Para2 women men stress
Para3 women men stress
Para4 women men stress
Para5 women stress
Para6 women stress
Para1-Para4 women men stress(两性压力不平等)
Para5-Para6 women stress(压力下的女性)
正确答案[D] Gender Inequality: Women Under Stress
考研英语阅读命题点预测
特殊标点符号
有一些特殊的标点符号也经常成为出题的对象，因此考生应该对以下标点符号的用法较为熟悉：逗号、冒号、括号、破折号、引号以及问号。
(1)逗号：两个逗号之间的内容、或者一个逗号后面的内容，通常都起到补充说明第一个逗号前面内容的作用。
【真题回放2000-Text5】
Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes, European travel, BMWs — the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago. What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is, “Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious.”
69. Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because ________.
[A] they think of it as immoral
[B] their pursuits are not fame or wealth
[C] ambition is not closely related to material benefits
[D] they do not want to appear greedy and contemptible
(2)冒号：其解释说明或者高度概括。
【真题回放2007-Text4】
① It never rains but it pours. ② Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn them – especially in America – the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data insecurity. ③ Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data-rich instries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the boss's agenda in businesses of every variety.
36. The statement “It never rains but it pours” is used to introce
[A] the fierce business competition.
[B] the feeble boss-board relations.
[C] the threat from news reports.
[D] the severity of data leakage.
(3)括号：其解释说明作用。
【真题回放2006-Text2】
① Anyway, the townsfolk can't understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (②The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row.③ Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they'll do better.)④ The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.
29. According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because ________.
[A] ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending
[B] the company is financially ill-managed
[C] the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable