历年高考英语阅读说明文
通过详细分析历年高考英语试卷，我们可将阅读理解分为以下几种题型：主旨大意题，细节理解题，推理判断题（含写作意图、目的等），词义猜测题。英语阅读理解题的技巧与策略是学生提高阅读理解多需要具备的。
一、 主旨大意题
这类题在设题时常会用到title, subject, main idea, topic, theme等词。
1.归纳标题题
特点：短小精悍，一般多为一个短语；涵盖性强，一般能覆盖全文意思；精确性强，表达范围要恰当，不能随意改变语意程度或色彩。常见命题形式有：
What’s the best title for the text?
The best title for this passage is ___.
Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
2. 概括大意题
包括寻找段落大意（topic）和文章中心思想（main idea），常见命题形式有：
What is the general/main idea of the passage？ Which of the following expresses the main idea？ What is the subject discussed in the text?
BThe writer of the story wants to tell us that_____. The passage/ text is mainly about_____. What’s the article mainly about ？
解题技巧
阅读理解文章多是议论文和说明文 ，这两种文体的结构可归纳为：绝仿悄提出问题——论述问题——得出结论或者阐明观点。对于这类文章，抓主题句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。主题句一般出现在文章的开头或结尾。主题句具有简洁性、概括性的特点。主题句在文章中的位置主要有以下几种情况。
位于段首 ：一般而言，以演绎法撰写的文章，主题句往往在文章的开头，即先点出主题，然后围绕这一主题作具体的陈述。判断第一句是否为主题句，可具体分析段落的首并渣句与第二，三句的关系；如果从第二句就开始大信对第一句进行说明，论述或描述，那第一句就是主题句。有些段落，在主题句后面有明显引出细节的信号词，如for example, an example of; first, second, next, last, finally; to begin with, also, besides; one, the other; some, others等。在阅读中应尽量利用上述信号词来确定主题句的位置。
位于段尾 ：有些文章会在开头列举事实, 然后通过论证阐述作者的核心论点。因此，如果第一句话不是概括性的或综合性的话，快速读一读段落的最后一个句子，看看它是否具备主题句的特征。如果它具备主题句的特征，段落的主题思想就很容易确定了。一般说来，当一种观点不易向人解释清楚或不易被人接受时，主题句便会到段落的末尾才出现。学生可以充分利用引出结论的信号词。如so，therefore，thus，consequently；in conclusion，in short；in a word, to sum up等来确定主题句的位置在段尾。当无明显的此类信号时，学生可在段落的最后一句话前面添加一个引出结论的信号词，以确定其是否是主题句。
位于段中 ：有时段落是先介绍背景和细节，接着用一句综合或概括性的话概括前面所说的内容或事例，然后再围绕主题展开对有关问题的深入讨论。这种文章的主题句往往会在段落中间出现。归纳起来主要有两种情况：先提出问题，然后给予回答(主题句)，最后给予解释；或者，先提出问题，然后点出主题思想(主题句)，最后给予解释。
首尾呼应 ：主题句在段落的开头和结尾两个位置上先后出现，形成前呼后应的格局。这两个主题句叙说的是同一个内容，但用词不尽相同，这样不但强调了主题思想，而且显得灵活多变。这两个句子并非简单重复，后一个主题句或对该主题作最后的评述，或对要点作一概括，或使之引申留给读者去思考。
无明确主题句 ：找关键词（出现频率较高）, 归纳总结。
注意
新题型中有一个选项是干扰项，解答此类题时同学易犯以下三种错误：
（1）表述过于片面，只涵盖该段个别细节；
（2）表述太过于笼统，已经超出该段的内容；
（3）表述与段落内容无关，在段落中找不到相关依据
二、细节理解题
考查内容主要涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、数字等议论文中例证细节和定义类细节。这类题目的共同特点是：答案一般都能在文章中找到。当然，答案并不一定是文章中的原句，考生需要根据文章提供的信息自己组织语句回答问题。
1.事实细节题→寻读法
分为直接理解题和间接理解题，前者常用who, what, which, when, where, why和how提问，或判断正误；后者需与原文信息转换，表达上与原文有差异。常见命题形式有：
What can we learn from the passage?
All the following are mentioned except
Which of the following is mentioned (not mentioned)?
Which of the following statements is true/right/false/wrong about…?
2. 排列顺序题→首尾定位法（找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，用排除法缩小范围）
常出现在记叙文和说明文中，一般按事件发生的顺序。常见命题形式有：
Which of the following is the correct order of…? Which of the following shows the path of signals described in Paragraph…?
3. 图文匹配题→按图索骥理清线索
设题形式：给出图表，根据图表提问问题。
4. 数字计算题→（方法：审题→带着问题找细节→对比、分析、计算）
可直接找到相关细节，但需经过计算方可找到答案。
三、推理判断题
主要考查学生对文章中隐含或深层的含意的理解能力。 它要求考生根据文章内容做出合乎逻辑的推断，包括考生对作者观点的理解，态度的判断，对修辞、语气、隐含意思等的理解。题干关键词：infer(推断),indicate(象征，暗示), imply/suggest(暗示), conclude(作出结论), assume(假定，设想).
1.细节推理判断题
一般可根据短文提供的信息或借助生活常识进行推理判断，常见命题形式有：
It can be inferred/ concluded from the text that __________.
The author implies/ suggests that_____.
We may infer that _________.
Which of the following statements is implied but NOT stated?
2.预测推理判断题
根据语篇对文章接下来的内容或可能的结局进行猜测，常见命题形式有： What do you think will happen if/when…?
At the end of this passage, the writer might continue to write_____
3.推测文章来源或读者对象
常见命题形式有：
The passage is probably take out of_____
The passage would most likely be found in_____
Where does this text probably come from?
4.写作意图、目的、态度推断题
作者的语气态度往往不会直接写在文章里，只能通过细读文章，从作者的选词及其修饰手段中体会出来。
询问写作目的的题，选项里常出现的词是： explain(解释), prove (证明), persuade(劝说), advise(劝告), comment(评论), praise(赞扬), criticize(批评), entertain(娱乐), demonstrate(举例说明), argue(辩论), tell(讲述), analyze(分析)等。
询问语气态度的题，选项里常出现的词是： neutral(中立的), sympathetic(同情的), satisfied(满意的), friendly(友好的), enthusiastic(热情的), subjective(主观的), objective(客观的), matter-of-fact(实事求是的), pessimistic(悲观的), optimistic(乐观的), critical(批评的), doubtful(怀疑的), hostile(敌对的), indifferent(冷淡的), disappointed(失望的)。
常见命题形式有：
The purpose of the text is_____
What is the main purpose of the author writing the text? By mentioning…, the author aims to show that_____
What is the author’s attitude towards…?
What is the author’s opinion on…?
The author’s tone in this passage is _____.
解答技巧
推断题是考查学生透过文章表面的文字信息进行分析、综合、归纳等逻辑推理的能力。推理和判断必须以事实为依据，切莫主观臆断。
①那些文章中直接陈述的内容不能选，要选择根据文章推理出来的选项。
②推理不是凭空猜测，而是立足已知推断未知；作出正确答案时一定要在文中找到依据或理由。
③要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。不能以自己的观点代替作者的想法；不要脱离原文主观臆断。
四、词义猜测题
考点：
①猜测某个词、词组、句子的意义
②对文中的多义词或词组进行定义
③判断某个代词的指代的对象。常见命题形式有：
The underlined word/phrase in the second paragraph means _____.
The word “it/they” in the last sentence refers to______.
The word “…”（Line 6. para.2）probably means ______.
The word “…”（Line 6. para.2）could best be replaced by which of the following?
Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “…” ?
解答技巧
1.通过因果关系猜词通过因果关系猜词
首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。有时文章借助关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，of course，therefore等等)表示前因后果。
例如：You shouldn't have blamed him for that，for it wasn't his fault. 通过for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错)，可猜出blame的词义是"责备"。
2.通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词
通过同义词猜词 ，一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组，如happy and *，即使我们不认识*这个词，也可以知道它是愉快的意思；二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词，如Man has known something about the planets Venus，Mars，and Jupiter with the help of spaceships. 此句中的Venus(金星)、Mars(火星)、Jupiter(木星)均为生词，但只要知道planets就可猜出这几个词都属于"行星"这一义域。
通过反义词猜词 ，一是看表转折关系的连词或副词，如but，while，however等；二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语，如：He is so homely，not at all as handsome as his brother.根据not at all...handsome我们不难推测出homely的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。
3.通过构词法猜词
根据前缀、后缀、复合、派生等构词知识判断生词词义。如：She is unlikely to have stolen the money. ( “un”含否定意义，故为“不太可能”之意。)
4.通过定义或释义关系来推测词义
例如：But sometimes，no rain falls for a long，long time. Then there is a dry period，or drought. 从drought所在句子的上文我们得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的时期，即drought，由此可见drought意思为"久旱"，"旱灾"。而a dry period和drought是同义语。这种同义或释义关系常由is，or，that is，in other words，be called或破折号等来表示。
5.通过句法功能来推测词义
例如：Bananas，oranges，pineapples，coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生词，我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大致的意思。从句中不难看出pineapples，coconuts和bananas，oranges是同类关系，同属fruit类，因此它们是两样水果，准确地说，是菠萝和椰子。
6.通过描述猜词
描述即作者对该人或该物作出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写。例如：The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly，it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.从例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类。后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。
7. 根据常识猜词
如：The door was so low that he hit his head on the lintel.（lintel “过梁”。）
Afraid of waking the baby up, she tiptoed out of the room.（tiptoed “踮着脚走，蹑手蹑脚”）
② 高考英语说明文阅读技巧
高考英语的说明文阅读技巧就是应该把课文充分地读等，特别是上下段的意思，整个把说明文读透以后，那么说明文的阅读通常就不会失去分数。
③ 高考英语阅读理解带答案
阅读是一种主动的过程，是由阅读者根据不同的目的加以调节控制的,陶冶人们的情操，提升自我修养。阅读是一种理解、领悟、吸收、鉴赏、评价和探究文章的思维过程。阅读可以改变思想、获取知识，从而可能改变命运。下面为大家带来了高考英语阅读理解带答案，欢迎大家参考阅读！
Any mistake made in the printing of a stamp raises its value to stamp collectors. A mistake on one inexpensive postage stamp has made the stamp worth a million and a tops. The mistake was made more than a hundred years ago in the British colony of Mauritius, a small island in the Indian Ocean. In 1847 an order for stamps was sent to a London printer — Mauritius was to become the fourth country in the world to issue stamps.Before the order was filled and delivered, a ball was planned at Mauritius’ Government House, and stamps were needed to send out the invitations. A local printer was instructed to the design for the stamps. He accidentally inscribed the words “Post Office” instead of “Post Paid” on the several hundred stamps that he printed.Today there are only twenty-six of these misprinted stamps left fourteen One Penny Orange-Reds and twelve Two Penny Blues. Because of the Two Penny Blue’s rareness and age, collectors have paid as much as ＄16 800 for it.
1. Over a century ago, Mauritius _______.
A. was an independent country
B. belonged to India
C. was one of the British colonies
D. was a small island in the Pacific Ocean
2. The mistake on the stamps was made _______.
A. in Mauritius
B. at Mauritius Government House
C. in a post office
D. in London
3. Stamp collectors have paid 16 800 for _______.
A. fourteen One Penny Orange-Reds
B. twelve Two Penny Blues
C. one One Penny Orange-Red
D. one Two Penny Blue
【答案与解析】 本文讲述的是本来不值钱的邮票由于印刷错误却使其价值倍增。
1. C。事实细节题。根据第2段第1句… more than a hundred years ago in the British colony of Mauritius, a small island in the Indian Ocean可知答案为C。
2. A。事实细节题。根据第2段第1句The mistake was made more than a hundred years ago in the British colony of Mauritius可知答案选A。
3. D。事实细节题。根据文章最后一句Because of the Two Penny Blue’s rareness and age, collectors have paid as much as $16 800 for it 可知答案为D。
拓展：高考英语阅读理解攻略
一、细节题型
【提问方式】
Wh-特殊问句; From the text…，According to…，True/not true,划线词语、句子，简单计算、排列事件顺序、识图等。
【解题方法】
抓住提问中的关键字眼，仔细阅读相关细节的材料内容，一般可以在短文中直接找到或稍加归纳就可以找到正确答案。
注意排除下列干扰项：
(1)扩缩范围
文章为了表达得准确严密，很注意对范围的限定。有的是通过加上相应的词语限制，如涉及到数量时常用many,almost all,nearly,more than,over,only a few,normally等限制。有些干扰项是通过改变或去掉限定词语，甚至是扩大或缩小了语言范围。
(2)偷换概念
命题者设计试题时往往把原文的概念偷换成另一个不同的概念。望文生义是造成错误的主要原因。
(3)正误并存
在一干扰项中，某个句子或词语是正确的，其他分句或词语是错误的或表达不全面，正误并存，命题者借此以假乱真。要排除这类干扰项，只要一个选项局部有误或选项不全面，都属排除的干扰项。
二、主旨大意题型
【提问方式】
What' s the topic/subject of the text/the second paragraph?
What is stated in…? The text is cheifly concerned with_______。
【解题方法】
(1)最常用的方法是仔细研读短文的1、2两句-----即短文的主题句，或辅以阅读各段的第1、2句----即段落中心句。此方法多适用于说明文、议论文。
(2)记叙文等需要通读全文，抓住关键事或论题来归纳意思(常说明一个道理)。
(3)全文末尾(段)找答案。此类文章的特点是以列举事实开头，通过论证，最后阐述核心观点。
在处理文章标题的`选择时，要避免下列三种错误：
①概括不够(多表现为部分代整体，从而导致范围太小);②过度概括(多表现为人为扩大范围);③以事实或细节代替抽象具体的大意。
三、推理判断题型
【提问方式】
The story suggests that___________. It can be inferred that_____________.
The story implies that _____________. It can be concluded that __________.
We can learn that _______________.
【解题方法】
推断题是考查学生透过文章表面的文字信息进行分析、综合、归纳等逻辑推理的能力。学生不仅要弄懂文章的字面意思，更重要的是要知道文章的潜在涵义。
【注意点】
(1)那些文章中直接陈述的内容不能选，要选择根据文章推理出来的选项。
(2)推理不是凭空猜测，而是立足已知推断未知;作出正确答案时一定要在文中找到依据或理由。
(3)不能以自己的观点代替作者的想法;不要脱离原文主观臆断。
四、词义猜测题
①利用构词法猜词;
②利用语境及逻辑关系猜词。有时完全可以利用上下文语境和前后句之间的并列、因果、转折、对比、解释定义和举例等关系来猜测词义。同时特别留心某些词语，例如：or, that is, in other words, including, although, but, or, even if, on the other hand, on the contrary, other than, rather than, more than, instead of等词语之后的内容。
④ 高考英语阅读理解答案
高考英语阅读理解答案
新的高中英语教学大纲明确规定："侧重提高阅读能力"。纵观近几年的高考英语试题，我们不难看出，阅读理解能力是高考考查的重点，自始至终占着主导地位，并且有逐年增加的趋势。可以毫不夸张地说，做好阅读理解题，是获得高考英语高分的关键!
第一篇：
Since the 1970s, scientists have been searching for ways to link the brain with computers. Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology could help people with disabilities send commands to machines.
Recently, two researchers, Jose Millan and Michele Tavella from the Federal Polytechnic School in Lausanne, Switzerland, demonstrated (展示) a small robotic wheelchair directed by a person's thoughts.
In the laboratory, Tavella operated the wheelchair just by thinking about moving his left or right hand. He could even talk as he watched the vehicle and guided it with his thoughts.
“Our brain has billions of nerve cells. These send signals through the spinal cord (脊髓) to the muscles to give us the ability to move. But spinal cord injuries or other conditions can prevent these weak electrical signals from reaching the muscles.” Tavella says. “Our system allows disabled people to communicate with external world and also to control devices.”
The researchers designed a special cap for the user. This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp (头皮) and sends them to a computer. The computer interprets the signals and commands the motorized wheelchair. The wheelchair also has two cameras that identify objects in its path. They help the computer react to commands from the brain.
Prof. Millan, the team leader, says scientists keep improving the computer software that interprets brain signals and turns them into simple commands. “The practical possibilities that BCI technology offers to disabled people can be grouped in two categories: communication, and controlling devices. One example is this wheelchair.”
He says his team has set two goals. One is testing with real patients, so as to prove that this is a technology they can benefit from. And the other is to guarantee that they can use the technology over long periods of time.
1.BCI is a technology that can ________.
A. help to update computer systems
B. link the human brain with computers
C. help the disabled to recover
D. control a person's thoughts
2.How did Tavella operate the wheelchair in the laboratory?
A. By controlling his muscles.
B. By talking to the machine.
C. By moving his hand.
D. By using his mind.
3.Which of the following shows the path of the signals described in Paragraph 5?
A. scalp→computer→cap→wheelchair
B. computer→cap→scalp→wheelchair
C. scalp→cap→computer→wheelchair
D. cap→computer→scalp→wheelchair
4.The team will test with real patients to ________.
A. make profits from them
B. prove the technology useful to them
C. make them live longer
D. learn about their physical condition
5.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A. Switzerland, the BCI Research Center
B. New Findings About How the Human Brain Works
C. BCI Could Mean More Freedom for the Disabled
D. Robotic Vehicles Could Help to Cure Brain Injuries
第二篇：
Homestay provides English language students with the opportunity to speak English outside the classroom and the experience of being part of a British home.
What to Expect
The host will provide accommodation and meals.Rooms will be cleaned and bedcovers changed at least once a week.You will be given the house key and the host is there to offer help and advice as well as to take an interest in your physical and mental health.
Accommodation Zones
Homestays are located in London mainly in Zones 2, 3 and 4 of the transport system.Most hosts do not live in the town centre as much of central London is commercial and not residential(居住的) .Zones 3 and 4 often offer larger accommodation in a less crowded area.It is very convenient to travel in London by Underground.
Meal Plans Available
◇Continental Breakfast
◇Breakfast and Dinner
◇Breakfast, Packed Lunch and Dinner
It's important to note that few English families still provide a traditional cooked breakfast.Your accommodation includes Continental Breakfast which normally consists of fruit juice，cereal (谷物类食品), bread and tea or coffee.Cheese, fruit and cold meat are not normally part of a Continental Breakfast in England.Dinners usually consist of meat or fish with vegetables followed by dessert, fruit and coffee.
Friends
If you wish to invite a friend over to visit, you must first ask your host's permission.You have no right to entertain friends in a family home as some families feel it is an invasion of their privacy.
SelfCatering Accommodation in Private Homes
Accommodation on a room-only basis includes shared kitchen and bathroom facilities and often a main living room.This kind of accommodation offers an independent lifestyle and is more suitable for the long-stay student.However, it does not provide the same family atmosphere as an ordinary homestay and may not benefit those who need to practise English at home quite as much.
1.The passage is probably written for ________.
A.hosts willing to receive foreign students
B.foreigners hoping to build British culture
C.travellers planning to visit families in London
D.English learners applying to live in English homes
2.Which of the following will the host provide?
A.Room cleaning.
B.Medical care.
C.Free transport.
D.Physical training.
3.What can be inferred from Paragraph 3?
A.Zone 4 is more crowded than Zone 2.
B.The business centre of London is in Zone 1.
C.Hosts dislike travelling to the city centre.
D.Accommodation in the city centre is not provided.
4.According to the passage, what does Continental Breakfast include?
A.Dessert and coffee.
B.Fruit and vegetables.
C.Bread and fruit juice.
D.Cereal and cold meat.
5.Why do some people choose self-catering accommodation?
A.To experience a warmer family atmosphere.
B.To enrich their knowledge of English.
C.To entertain friends as they like.
D.To enjoy much more freedom.
>>>>>>答案与解析<<<<<<
第一篇：
1.B细节理解题。根据第一段可知，自20世纪70年代以来，科学家一直寻找途径能将人脑与电脑相连。BCI技术能帮助残疾人向机器发送指令。故此处B项正确。而C项只是部分正确，虽然能帮助残疾人，但却不能帮他们康复。
2.D细节理解题。根据第三段可知Tavella只是思考动他的左右手就能操作这个轮椅。甚至当他观察这台机器时就能进行交流，也能用他的思想指导机器人工作。因此机器人是在人脑的思想支配下进行工作的。故D项正确。
3.C细节理解题。根据第五段可知，首先研究人员为用户设计一种特殊的帽子，它会捕捉头皮发出的信号并将其传给电脑。电脑将这些信号进行分析翻译，给监控下的机器人轮椅发出指令。机器人轮椅装有两部摄像头能识别信号路径中的物体，从而帮助电脑对人脑的指令作出反应。故此处C项正确。
4.B推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“One is testing with real patients, so as to prove that this is a technology they can benefit from”可知，在患者身上进行实验是他们团队工作的一个目标，旨在证明这项技术对他们有益。故正确答案选B项。
5.C主旨大意题。本文为科技说明文，开篇点题。介绍科学家研究的这项新技术BCI，对残疾人大有裨益。故正确答案为C项。
第二篇：
1.D主旨大意题。由第一段第一句可知，Homestay为学习英语的学生提供在课堂外说英语的机会和成为英国家庭成员的体验。再结合文章的内容可推知这篇文章不是为愿意接受英国学生的主人写的，也不是为那些希望建设英国文化的外国人以及计划参观伦敦家庭的参观者写的。大概是为那些申请在英国人家中居住的英语学习者写的。
2.A细节理解题。由第二段第二句可知A项的叙述符合题意。主人能够提供的东西主要在第二段进行论述，该段并没有告诉读者主人将为入住者提供医疗护理、免费交通和身体训练。
3.B推理判断题。由第三段倒数第二句可知Zone 3和Zone 4不像Zone 2那么拥挤，由此排除A项;第二句只说明人们不喜欢居住在市中心，并没有说人们不去市中心，由此排除C项;本段只是提到市中心拥挤，并没有说到居住在市中心的'家庭不为学生提供食宿，由此排除D项。
4.C细节理解题。由第四段中的Continental Breakfast which normally consists of fruit juice，cereal，bread and tea or coffee可知，A项、B项和D项的叙述是错误，只有C项中的Bread and fruit juice是里面的内容。故选C项。
5.D细节理解题。由最后一段第二句中的This kind of accommodation offers an independent lifestyle可知Self-Catering Accommodation 能够为住宿者提供更多的自由，这与D项的叙述一致。A项、B项和C项的内容均没有在最后一段提及，故排除。
;⑤ 高考英语阅读文章的文体分类
高考英语阅读文章的文体分类
阅读是一种理解、吸收、鉴赏、评价文章的思维过错。完成这个思维过程，则需要经过认知、分析、综合、理解、记忆、感受、判断等程序。文体类别不同，决定着叙述风格的差异。掌握文体风格，识别文章叙述结构，对正确领悟文章主旨有极大的帮助。下面我给大家整理了高考英语阅读文章的文体分类以及答题技巧，欢迎大家阅读参考!
一、英语阅读文体类型简析
高考英语阅读常见的文体类型有：记叙文、议论文、说明文和应用文。
[1]记叙文。
英语记叙文以描写叙述为主，主要描写人物、事件、地点、或过程。特点是，其主题往往潜伏在字里行间，没有直接地表白出来;文章主旨要透过体察所揭示的人物、事件来进行提炼。描写手法大多按时间跨度、空间顺序、上下顺序来展开。阅读记叙文体应采取略读和扫读的方法，快速抓住文中描写的主要内容，从整体上去把握文章的连贯性，进而大体上揣测出作者的写作意图及情感主线。高考阅读就记叙文设题大多以细节理解为主。
[2]议论文。
英语议论文通常为三段式，即“论点、论据、结论”三部份组成。首先借助某一现象引出论点，然后通过一定论据从各个层面上加以推理论证，最后得出结论。议论文体主要考查学生对论点及论据的把握。因此，遇到议论文体时，应采取抓主题句的方法来把握文章主旨，弄清作者的观点。一般来说，作者的论点通常在文章首段被引出，接着是对这一论点的逻辑推理和论证，最后为结论。还应注意的是：在对论点论证的过程中，每一段的首句都是该段的主题句。把握全文论点、弄清论证各段的主题句、理解文章层次、找出中心论点的位置是理解议论文的关键。
就议论文而言，其论证的常见结构方式有：
1，总分式 总---分;分----总;总----分---总;
2，并列式 几个论据之间属于平等关系;
3，递进式 几个论据之间属于递进关系;
4，对照式 把两种事物加以对比，以彰显其中一种。
[3]说明文。
英语说明文的总体结构通常为三部份，说明对象、说明过程和归纳总结。常见的说明方法：
1，定义与诠释说明;
2，举例与引用说明;
3，分类与图表说明;
4，比较与比喻说明;
5，分析与综合说明;
就高考英语说明文的阅读而言，首先要抓住文章说明的要点，也就是要抓住被说明对象的实质性特征;弄清作者从哪个角度、哪个层面开始说明;并明白文章最后的说明结论。高考说明文阅读材料通常介绍最新科技、重大成就、生活时尚、流行现象等。了解说明文的写作手法、说明方法，理清短文结构及段落中心思想是答题关键。
[4]应用文。
英语应用文属于实用型文体，如书信、通知、日记、广告等。应用文阅读要注意文中具体细节的把握与理解，弄清作者所传达的实际信息及表达的具体内容。阅读时采取速读与精读相结合的`方法，力求快速精确地查出试题所设置的关键内容。
二、英语阅读理解答题技巧
高考阅读理解常见的设题形式有：词义猜测题、主旨大意题、细节理解题、推理题和推断题。题型不同，答题技巧也就有差异。下面就不同题型的答题技巧作一点简分析。
1、词义猜测技巧。
这种题型要求对文章中的划线生词进行词义猜测。这类题型不仅要求具备一定构词法，而且也要求对上下文具有比较全面的理解。做词意猜测时，应注意划线生词后面的定语从句、同位语从句。定语从句、同位语从句通常用来解释生词的词意。另外，还要应注意生词后的标点符号，如逗号、破折号、引号、括号都可用于提示词意。有时，词意隐藏在全文或某一段中，这就需要把握文段的意境来加以透知该词的含义。
2、抓主旨大意的技巧。
一般来说，议论文的主旨大意要么在首段，要么在尾段。文章主旨位于首段时，其后的段落通常是演绎论证的过程;在段尾时，其前的段落通常是在摆事实、讲道理，最后归纳出全文主旨。说明文的主旨也通常位于首段;记叙文的主旨有的位于开首段(如新闻报道、时事经纬等文章的主旨均置于开场白的位置，达到开门见山、直奔主题的效果)，但大多数记叙文的主旨隐藏在文章之中，需理清文章脉络，挖掘文章内涵，把握作者意图。
3、推断题型答题技巧。
推理是在既有信息的基础上得出合乎文章内容的内涵意义，即某一问题、某一观点没有直接表述，而寓意在文章的字里行间，要求通过文中信息分析推出某种符合作者思想、符合文章逻辑的内涵意义。推断则是指通过对文章进行符合逻辑的综合分析，推出文章未直接陈述的言外之意。推断题推断得正确与否，很大程度上取决于是否能正确把握作者潜隐在字里行间的语气及观点。
4、细节题型的答题技巧。
细节题型的解答通常是借助对文中的具体信息的查寻来解决。答题时要采取略读、扫读、析读和精读的办法从文中找出问题答案。细节题型多问及时间、地点、人物、数量和特征等。
;⑥ 2021年全国高考英语乙卷阅读理解B短文的体裁是什么
2021年全国高考英语乙卷阅读理解B短文的体裁是说明文。
依据普通高中英语课程标准和中国高考评价体系，坚持“方向是核心，平稳是关键”的原则，2021年高考英语（乙卷）试题取材丰富、体裁多样、时代性强，内容针对英语学科必备知识、关键能力、学科素养和核心价值做了精心设计，体现了基础性、综合性、应用性和创新性的考查要求，对引导中学英语教学改革和素质教育发挥了重要的启示作用。
试题选材“五育”并重，体现高考育人的导向作用。
从整套试卷的取材来看，突出了对人文关怀、生态环境保护、情商及社交能力的培养、劳动教育等的考查，体现了高考的育人功能和积极导向作用。
⑦ 高考英语满分作文：说明文
假如你是李辉，参加了1998年7月25—30 日在山东烟台由英语辅导报社举办的全国中学生英语夏令营活动。请根据所给提示，用英语写一篇100—140 字的报导，以便刊登在«英消厅语通»上。
提示：1、来自全国各地的100多名中学生参加了活动;
2、有来自国内外的30多名英语教学专家;
3、营员们必须用英语交流;
4、举办了一系列活动：1)第二届全国中学生英语辩论赛;
2)第帆桥山三届全国中学生英语演讲比赛;
3)参观了名胜古迹; 4)举办了英语晚会。
思路指津：
注意：1、应包括自己参加夏令营的体会。
2、参考词汇：
1)英语辅导报社：English Coaching Paper Office
2) 1998年全国中学生英语夏令营：1998 National English Summer Camp for Middle School Students ;
3) 辩论：debate
4) 演讲比赛：speech competition
5) 主办：sponsor
6) 英语通： An Express Way to English
3、不要逐句翻译提示，可态中增加适当有关细节，使文章连贯。
范文：
1998 National English Summer Camp for Middle School Students
As a lucky student, I attended the 1998 NESCMSS held in the beautiful seaside city of Yantai from July 25 to 30, which was sponsored by the English Coaching Paper Office. Over 100 students all over the country and 30 English teaching experts from home and abroad took part in the activity. All the campers were required to speak English. During the four days, a series of English activities were held including the Second National English Debate for Middle School Students and the Third National English Speech Competition for Middle School Students. We also visited some places of interest. A colourful English evening was held on July 29. The camp provided us with a valuable opportunity to speak English, make friends and exchange learning experience. I found my English much improved at the end of the camp. Never in my life shall I forget the impressive days in Yantai.
⑧ 高考英语阅读理解训练题及参考答案
2017高考英语阅读理解训练题及参考答案
高考英语阅读理解文章材料题材新颖，包括故事、传记、人物、传说、生活常识、社会文化、天文、史地、科普知识、政治、经济及名人逸事等。体裁也不一，有记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文等。为了帮助大家熟悉各种材料，我整理了一些高考英语阅读理解题，希望能帮到大家!
高考英语阅读理解题【1】
A nobleman and a merchant once met in an inn. For their lunch they both ordered soup. When it was brought, the nobleman took a spoonful, but the soup was so hot that he burned his mouth and tears came to his eyes, The merchant asked him why he was weeping. The nobleman was ashamed to admit (承认) that he had burned his mouth and answered, “Sir, I once had a brother who committed a great crime (犯罪), for which he was hanged. I was thinking of his death, and that made me weep.” The merchant believed this story and began to eat his soup. He too burned his mouth, so that he had tears in his eyes. The nobleman noticed it and asked the merchant, “Sir, why do you weep?” The merchant, who now saw that the nobleman had deceived (欺骗) him, answered, “My lord(=master), I am weeping because you were not hanged together with your brother.”
1. This story teaches us ______.
A. not to eat in inns B. not to eat soup that is too hot
C.to cry when we burn our mouth D. not to believe everything you hear
2. The nobleman did not tell the truth because he ______.
A. was a nobleman felt ashamed C. was in an inn D. was angry
3. The nobleman should have ______.
A. smiled with joy B. shouted with laughter
C. told the truth D. scolded the waiter
4. It is probable that the nobleman ______.
A. had no brother who was hanged B. had a very good brother
C. knew the soup was too hot D. had never eaten soup
5. The merchant’s answer showed that be ______.
A. was very happy B. believed the nobleman
C. was angry with the nobleman D. had kind heart
高考英语阅读理解题【2】
In a very real sense, people who have read good literature have lived more than people who cannot or will not read. To have read Gulliver’s Travels is to have had the experience of listening to Jonathan Swift, of learning about man’s inhumanity (残酷) to man. To read Huckleberry Finn is to feel what it is like to drift (漂流) down the Mississippi River on a raft (木排). To have read Byron is to have suffered his rebellions with him and to have enjoyed his nose—thumbing at (对……的蔑视) society. To have read Native Son is to know how it feels to be frustrated (受挫折) in the particular way in which Blacks in Chicago are frustrated. This is effective communication (交流). It enables us to feel how others felt about life, even if they lived thousands of miles away and centuries age. It is not true that “We have only one life to live.” If we read, we can live as many more lives and as many kinds of lives as we wish.
1. The sentence “People who have read good literature have lived more than people who cannot or will not read” suggests that ______.
A. reading stimulates(激发) a desire to travel
B. reading broadens(扩大) a person’s experience
C. people who read much live longer
D. people who read are more relaxed
2. The author implies that good literature ______.
A. must deal with social problems B. must teach a lesson
C. is varied in subject and in content (内容) D. is always exciting and heart--warming
3. According to the author, reading good literature ______.
A. proces new income B. is quite useless
C. satisfies the curious D. opens new worlds to us(眼界)
4. The underlined word effective in this passage means ______.
A. actual B. striking C. existing D. having an effect
高考英语阅读理解题【3】
When I lived in Spain, some Spanish friends of mine decided to visit England by car. Before they left, they asked me for advice about how to find accommodation (住所). I suggested that they should stay at ‘bed and breakfast’ houses, because this kind of accommodation gives a foreign visitor a good chance to speak English with the family. My friends listened to my advice, but they came back with some funny stories.
“We didn’t stay at bed and breakfast houses,” they said, “because we found that most families were away on holiday.”
I thought this was strange. Finally I understood what had happened. My friends spoke little English, and they thought ‘VACANCIES’ meant ‘holidays’, because the Spanish word for ‘holidays” is ‘vacaciones’. So they did not go to house where the sign outside said ‘VACANCLES’, which in English means there are free rooms. Then my friends went to house where the sign said ‘NO VACANCLES’, because they thought this meant the people who owned the house were not away on holiday. But they found that these houses were all full. As a result, they stayed at hotels!
We laughed about this and about mistakes my friends made in reading other signs. In Spanish, the word ‘DIVERSION’ means fun. In English, it means that workmen are repairing the road, and that you must take a different road. When my friends saw the word ‘DIVERSION’ on a road sign, they thought they were going to have fun. Instead, the road ended in a large hold.
English people have problems too when they learn foreign languages. Once in Paris. when someone offered me some more. coffee, I said ‘Thank you’ in French. I meant that I would like some more, However , to my surprise the coffee pot was taken away! Later I found out that ‘Thank you’ in French means ‘Mo, thank you.’
1. My Spanish friends wanted advice about ______.
A. learning English B. finding places to stay in England
C. driving their car on English roads D. going to England by car
2. I suggested that they stay at bed and breakfast houses because ______.
A. they would be able to practise their English
B. it would be much cheaper than staying in hotels
C. it would be convenient for them to have dinner
D. there would be no problem about finding accommodation there
3. “NO VACANCIES” in English means ______.
A. no free rooms B. free rooms C. not away on holiday D. holidays
4. If you see a road sign that says ‘Diversion’, you will ______.
A. fall into a hole
B. have a lot of fun and enjoy yourself
C. find that the road is blocked by crowds of people
D. have to take a different road
5. When someone offered me more coffee and I said ‘Thank you’ in French, I ______.
A didn’t really want any more coffee B. wanted them to take the coffee pot away
C. really wanted some more coffee D. wanted to express my politeness
6. I was surprised when the coffee pot was taken away because I ______.
A. hadn’t finished drinking my coffee B. was expecting another cup of coffee
C. meant that I didn’t want any more D. was never misunderstood
参考答案：
1D 2 B 3 C 4 A 5 C
1B 2 C 3 D 4 D
1B 2 A 3 A 4 D 5 C 6 B
;