历年山东高考英语阅读
『壹』 高考英语阅读理解题解题技巧详解
高考英语阅读理解题解题技巧详解
英语阅读理解题的难度在不断增大，考生们也大多知难而进。下面是我为大家带来的高考英语阅读理解题解题技巧，欢迎阅读。
一、四选一型阅读
高考阅读不同文体按照题型分类主要分为五大类：细节题、推理题、主旨大意题、词义句意猜测题、结构顺序题。
1、细节题解题技巧
细节题，顾名思义，就是指针对文章的某个细节而设置的试题。细节题的命题方法很多，如可能是对某个细节用同义结构转换后进行考查、也可能是将文章中的几个细节（通常是四个）放在一起要求考生判断是非（选出正确的一项或选出错误的一项）或对几个细节进行排序等。解答这类试题时，一个常用的方法就是运用定位法，即根据题干或选项中的线索词从原文中找到相关的句子，与选项进行比较从而确定答案（此时要特别注意一些常见的同义转换）。
现在围绕上述的定位理论，引申出几个小的技巧：
（1） 关键信息定位法。这个主要是细节题，如涉及到数字（日期、时间、价格等），就可以在文章中快速圈出数字，再找出目标数字及相对应的细节作息，还有人物姓名、地点名词等等，其他的还包括一些提示情节发展，或条纲性关键字眼，如First， Next， Finally等等。
As a young girl growing up in the 1930s， I always wanted to fly a plane， but back then it was almost unheard of for a woman to do that. I got a taste of that dream in 2011，when my husband arranged for me to ride in a hot air balloon for my birthday. （2011年高考英语北京A篇）
What happened to the author in 2011？
A. She flew an airplane
B. She entered a competition
C. She went on a hot air balloon ride
D. She moved into a retirement community
解析：此题属典型细节题，通过题干中的时间in 2011不难定位到文中粗体字部分，很容易可以锁定正解为C。
（2） 同义定位法。英文中可以用Paraphrase表示。同义定位就是指问题所用的关键词和文中的不一致，但属于同义性质，同义转换其实是在关键间的基础上拐了个弯。
He longs for conversations with an editor who will help him turn his good ideas into great ones. He wants someone to get excited about what he's doing and to help him turn his story idea upside down and inside out， exploring the best ways to report it. He wants to be more valuable for your paper. （2010年高考英语北京B篇）
What does the reporter want most from his editors in their talks？
A. Finding the news value of his stories.
B. Giving him financial support.
C. Helping him to find issues.
D. Improving his good ideas.
解析：此题属细节题，定位方式为同义定位法。题干中的talks和文章中conversations对应，而want most和longs for对应，这样不难得出答案为D。
小结：在阅读中，精准快速的定位加上正确的理解力才能保证做题的量与质。定位法是需要在做题的过程中有意识的培养的，做题的技巧也是可以总结的，关键是要自觉培养这种分析归纳和总结的意识以及能力。
2、推理题解题技巧
推断题定义：在理解原文字面意思的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，做出一定的判断和推理，从而得到文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。
出现特征：在考题中经常出现的词有infer， imply， indicate， conclude， learn from， probably， most likely， prove /according to等。
She turned up at the doorstep of my house in Cornwall. No way could I have sent her away. No way， not me anyway. Maybe someone had kicked her out of their car the night before. “We're moving house.'； “No space for her any more with the baby coming.” “We never really wanted her， but what could we have done？ She was a present.” People find all sorts of excuses for abandoning an animal. And she was one of the most beautiful dogs I had ever seen.
How did the author feel about Goldie when Goldie came to the house？ （2010年高考英语北京A篇）
A. Shocked. B. Sympathetic. C. Annoyed. D. Upset.
解析：由题目得知：是考察作者的态度题。首先定位到文章作者的话语和行为，即
（1） No way could I have sent her away. No way， not me anyway.
（2） We never really wanted her， but what could we have done？ She was a present.“
（3） People find all sorts of excuses for abandoning an animal. And she was one of the most beautiful dogs I had ever seen.
可知作者对它是正的情感，排除C，D.再由作者对它的不舍，答案选B
3、主旨大意题解题技巧
Topic/Title型-使用逆推法
（1） 要在阅读原文基础上，仔细考虑选项是否与文章主题有密切联系
（2） 再看选项对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何
（3） 要注意题目是否过大或者过小
（4） 要避免下列三种错误
概括不够（多表现为部分代整体，导致范围过小）
过度概括（多表现为扩大范围）
以事实、细节代替抽象概括的大意。
Federal regulators Wednesday approved a plan to create a nationwide emergency alert （警报） system using text messages delivered to cell phones.
Text messages have been popular in recent years， particularly among young people. The wireless instry's trade association， CTIA， estimates（估计） more than 48 billion text messages are sent each month.
The plan comes from the Warning Alert and Response Network Act， a 2006 federal law that requires improvements to the nation's emergency alert system. The act tasked the Federal Communications Commission （FCC） with coming up with new ways to alert the public about emergencies.
“The ability to deliver accurate and timely warnings and alerts through cell phones and other mobile services is an important next step in our efforts to help ensure that the American public has the information they need to take action to protect themselves and their families before， and ring， disasters and other emergencies，” FCC Chairman Kevin Martin said， following approval of the plan.
Participation in the alert system by carriers -telecommunications companies is voluntary， but it has received support from the wireless instry.
The program would be optional for cell phone users. They also may not be charged for receiving alerts.
There would be three different types of messages， according to the rules.
The first would be a national alert from the president， likely involving a natural disaster. The second would involve “approaching threats”， which could include natural disasters like hurricanes or storms or even university shootings. The third would be for child abction （绑架） emergencies， or so-called Amber Alerts.
The service could be in place by 2010.（ 2008年高考英语山东卷B篇）
66. Which of the following would be the best title for the text？
A. Cell Phone Alerts Protecting Students
B. Cell Phone Alerts by Wireless Instry
C. Cell Phone Alerts of National Disasters
D. Cell Phone Alerts Coming Soon
解析：D。主旨大意题。第一段开门见山，提出将创建一个全国性的短信警报系统；最后一段重申主题，对这种新系统的未来进行展望。因此最准确的标题是D。A项错在protecting students；B项错在by wireless instry；C项错在National Disasters。
4、词义句意题解题技巧
要求考生通过阅读上下文，结合中学生应有的赏识来推测尚不熟悉的词或者词组的意思。出现特征：划线或者引号
解题方法之一：根据上下文，往往是本句中的同位关系进行猜测。
Weeks later， standing before this unfriendly mass， I was totally lost. Oh well， I lowered the paper and sat down at my desk， burning to find out what I had done wrong. As a classmate began his report， it all became clear， “My report is on George Washington， the man who started the American Revolution.” The whole world became quite！ How could I know that she meant that George Washington？
62. The underlined word “burning” in Para. 3 probably means _______.（2012年北京，B篇，62，答案D）
A. annoyed B. ashamed C. ready D. eager
解析：从burning这个词来说，意为“发热的，强烈的，燃烧的`”，后面紧跟动词词组“find out”说明在寻找时刻的心情是很紧张和急迫的，最后是一个宾语从句，是我曾经做错过什么，那么这个题目显然就是选择和“渴望的，热切的”词义，显然为D选项。
5、结构顺序题解题技巧
常见提问方式：
How is the passage organized？
Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage？
The author develops the passage mainly by….
解题思路：
（1） 注意主题段。主题段通常在文章的开头，简要概括文章的中心思想，
（2） 找出或者总结每段的主题句。主题句可能在段落的开头，也可能出现在段落的中间或末尾。如何确定主题句的方法见主旨题之main idea型。
（3） 最后根据每段主题确定段与段之间的结构关系，承上启下，使文章行文连贯，逻辑严密。为突出主题，作者可能采用不同的写作手法来组织文章，通过举例、比较、类比等手法来透彻阐明主题观点。
The Diet Zone： A Dangerous Place
Diet Coke， diet Pepsi， diet pills， no-fat diet， vegetable diet… We are surrounded by the word “diet” everywhere we look and listen. We have so easily been attracted by the promise and potential of diet procts that we have stopped thinking about what diet procts are doing to us. We are paying for procts that harm us psychologically and physically（身体上）.
Diet procts significantly weaken us psychologically. On one level， we are not allowing our brain to admit that our weight problems lie not in actually losing the weight， but in controlling the consumption of fatty， high-calorie， unhealthy foods. Diet procts allow us to jump over the thinking stage and go straight for the scale（秤）instead. All we have to do is to swallow or recognize the word “diet” in food labels.
On another level， diet procts have greater psychological effects. Every time we have a zero-calorie drink， we are telling ourselves without our awareness that we don't have to work to get results. Diet procts make people believe that gain comes without pain， and that life can be without resistance and struggle.
The danger of diet procts lies not only in the psychological effects they have on us， but also in the physical harm that they cause. Diet foods can indirectly harm our bodies because consuming them instead of healthy foods means we are preventing our bodies from having basic nutrients（营养成分）. Diet foods and diet pills contain zero calories only because the diet instry has created chemicals to proce these wonder procts. Diet procts may not be nutritional， and the chemical that go into diet procts are potentially dangerous.
Now that we are aware of the effects that diet procts have on us， it is time to seriously think about buying them. Losing weight lies in the power of minds， not in the power of chemicals. Once we realize this， we will be much better able to resist diet procts， and therefore prevent the psychological harm that comes from using them. （2008高考英语北京卷E篇）
75. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage？
解析：文章第一段点明节食产品在误导人们；第二段说明节食产品对人们心理上的影响；第三段说明节食产品误导人们认为不费劲就可以减肥，即对人们身体上的危害；第四段说明节食产品的危害；第五段说明人们应该慎重对待节食产品，故从文章结构上看应该是B项正确。
二、七选五型阅读
考生需要在语篇信息存在缺失的情况下，准确理解整篇文章，特别是设题部位前后句的逻辑关系，通过上下文的线索进行判断，预测下文，然后做出正确判断。
命题分析：我们如果把整篇文章看成一个信息群，这个信息群实际上是由两大信息版块构成的：
已知信息：原文在五处空缺之外的没有被挖掉的信息
待选信息：七个待选选项中的信息
这两个信息板块间绝不是孤立的，而是有紧密的互动逻辑关系，连起来是一篇完整的文章。
考试题型对学生的考察能力来看无外乎两个方面：
（1） 把握整篇文章的布局和逻辑层次关系
（2） 把握微观信息间关联性（即空格前后句间关系）
解题方法：词汇同现、词汇复现、代词妙用、数字线索、逻辑线索。
Muzak
The next time you go into a bank， a store， or a supermarket， stop and listen. What do you hear？ _____ （71） It's similar to the music you listen to， but it's not exactly the same. That's because this music was especially designed to relax you， or to give you extra energy. Sometimes you don't even realize the music is playing， but you react to the music anyway.
Quiet background music used to be called “elevator （电梯） music” because we often heard it in elevators. But lately we hear it in more and more places， and it has a new name “Muzak”. About one-third of the people in America listen to “Muzak” everyday. The music plays for 15 minutes at a time， with short pauses in between. It is always more lively between ten and eleven in the morning， and between three and four in the afternoon， when people are more tired.______ （72）
If you listen to Muzak carefully， you will probably recognize the names of many of the songs. Some musicians or songwriters don't want their songs to be used as Muzak， but others are happy when their songs are chosen. Why？ _____ （73）
Music is often played in public places because it is designed to make people feel less lonely when they are in an airport or a hotel. It has been proven that Muzak does what it is designed to do. Tired office workers suddenly have more energy when they hear the pleasant sound of Muzak in the background. _____ （74）Supermarket shoppers buy 38 percent more groceries.
_____ （75）They say it's boring to hear the same songs all the time. But other people enjoy hearing Muzak in public places. They say it helps them relax and feel calm. One way or another， Muzak affects everyone. Some farmers even say their cows give more milk when they hear Muzak！（ 2010年高考英语北京卷）
A. Some people don't like Muzak.
B. The music gives them extra energy.
C. Music is playing in the background.
D. Factory workers proce 13 percent more.
E. Muzak tends to help people understand music better.
F. They ge t as much as $4 million a year if their songs are used.
G. Muzak is played in most of the big supermarkets in the world.
答案：CBFDA
代词妙用：代词指代前面提到的thing， 所以只要找到与代词含义一致的词就可搞定。
71空格后面出现“It's similar to the music you listen to，”那么我们只要分析出其中的“it”的具体指代即可，通过题目及略读下文，我们很容易知道该文介绍一种音乐，而且第一段故作悬念，一直未给出其名字，所以我们只要找到选项中包含音乐一词而没有点名缪扎克一词的即可，很容易锁定BC选项，因为B项意义与下文相去甚远，故舍B取C没商量。
75空格后出现“They say it's boring to hear the same songs all the time.”，同理，我们就要确定“they”的具体指代，首先由于“say”的出现，我们锁定“they”为人的复数，所以轻松锁定ADF，所谓真金不怕火来炼，D显然逻辑不通，F由于其主语也为人，段落第一句永远不会出现意思不明的代词（we， you 除外，因为它们可以明确指代广义的人），故轻松排除F选出真金A。
72此题虽然不是明显的后文出现代词，但其前亦有代词出现，“It is always more lively between ten and eleven in the morning，”下文承接上文，肯定有联系，找出“it”的具体指代-the music， 轻松选出B项。（注：也可应用词汇复现法）
词汇复现法：情非得已时选择的一种方法，知道与前后文中有词汇重复的选项即可，有时也可指含义一致的词汇，如72
73前文中“but others are happy when their songs are chosen”有“their songs”， F项亦有相同词汇出现，放进去，意思通晓明白，搞定。
74后文中“Supermarket shoppers buy 38 percent more groceries.有”percent more“，D项亦有相同词汇出现，且意思连贯，选出即可。
72题中前句中出现”when people are more tired. “能够与”tired“相对应的四选项中只有”energy“，累了对应能量，亦可做出此题。
;『贰』 高考英语阅读答题技巧「四选一」
2017年高考英语阅读答题技巧「四选一」
高考英语阅读理解常见的题目形式是四选一，顾名思义，就是从四个备选答案中选出符合题目要求的答案。为了帮助大家备考，我整理了一些答题技巧，希望能帮到大家!
1、细节题解题技巧
细节题，顾名思义，就是指针对文章的某个细节而设置的试题。细节题的命题方法很多，如可能是对某个细节用同义结构转换后进行考查、也可能是将文章中的几个细节(通常是四个)放在一起要求考生判断是非(选出正确的一项或选出错误的一项)或对几个细节进行排序等。解答这类试题时，一个常用的方法就是运用定位法，即根据题干或选项中的线索词从原文中找到相关的句子，与选项进行比较从而确定答案(此时要特别注意一些常见的同义转换)。
现在围绕上述的定位理论，引申出几个小的技巧：
(1) 关键信息定位法。这个主要是细节题，如涉及到数字(日期、时间、价格等)，就可以在文章中快速圈出数字，再找出目标数字及相对应的细节作息，还有人物姓名、地点名词等等，其他的还包括一些提示情节发展，或条纲性关键字眼，如First， Next， Finally等等。
As a young girl growing up in the 1930s， I always wanted to fly a plane， but back then it was almost unheard of for a woman to do that. I got a taste of that dream in 2011，when my husband arranged for me to ride in a hot air balloon for my birthday. (2011年高考英语北京A篇)
What happened to the author in 2011?
A. She flew an airplane
B. She entered a competition
C. She went on a hot air balloon ride
D. She moved into a retirement community
解析：此题属典型细节题，通过题干中的时间in 2011不难定位到文中粗体字部分，很容易可以锁定正解为C。
(2) 同义定位法。英文中可以用Paraphrase表示。同义定位就是指问题所用的关键词和文中的不一致，但属于同义性质，同义转换其实是在关键间的基础上拐了个弯。
He longs for conversations with an editor who will help him turn his good ideas into great ones. He wants someone to get excited about what he's doing and to help him turn his story idea upside down and inside out， exploring the best ways to report it. He wants to be more valuable for your paper. (2010年高考英语北京B篇)
What does the reporter want most from his editors in their talks?
A. Finding the news value of his stories.
B. Giving him financial support.
C. Helping him to find issues.
D. Improving his good ideas.
解析：此题属细节题，定位方式为同义定位法。题干中的talks和文章中conversations对应，而want most和longs for对应，这样不难得出答案为D。
小结：在阅读中，精准快速的定位加上正确的理解力才能保证做题的量与质。定位法是需要在做题的过程中有意识的培养的，做题的技巧也是可以总结的，关键是要自觉培养这种分析归纳和总结的意识以及能力。
2、推理题解题技巧
推断题定义：在理解原文字面意思的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，做出一定的判断和推理，从而得到文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。
出现特征：在考题中经常出现的词有infer， imply， indicate， conclude， learn from， probably， most likely， prove /according to等。
She turned up at the doorstep of my house in Cornwall. No way could I have sent her away. No way， not me anyway. Maybe someone had kicked her out of their car the night before. “We're moving house.'; “No space for her any more with the baby coming.” “We never really wanted her， but what could we have done? She was a present.” People find all sorts of excuses for abandoning an animal. And she was one of the most beautiful dogs I had ever seen.
How did the author feel about Goldie when Goldie came to the house? (2010年高考英语北京A篇)
A. Shocked. B. Sympathetic. C. Annoyed. D. Upset.
解析：由题目得知：是考察作者的态度题。首先定位到文章作者的话语和行为，即
(1) No way could I have sent her away. No way， not me anyway.
(2) We never really wanted her， but what could we have done? She was a present.“
(3) People find all sorts of excuses for abandoning an animal. And she was one of the most beautiful dogs I had ever seen.
可知作者对它是正的情感，排除C，D.再由作者对它的不舍，答案选B
3、主旨大意题解题技巧
Topic/Title型-使用逆推法
(1) 要在阅读原文基础上，仔细考虑选项是否与文章主题有密切联系
(2) 再看选项对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何
(3) 要注意题目是否过大或者过小
(4) 要避免下列三种错误
概括不够(多表现为部分代整体，导致范围过小)
过度概括(多表现为扩大范围)
以事实、细节代替抽象概括的大意。
Federal regulators Wednesday approved a plan to create a nationwide emergency alert (警报) system using text messages delivered to cell phones.
Text messages have been popular in recent years， particularly among young people. The wireless instry's trade association， CTIA， estimates(估计) more than 48 billion text messages are sent each month.
The plan comes from the Warning Alert and Response Network Act， a 2006 federal law that requires improvements to the nation's emergency alert system. The act tasked the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) with coming up with new ways to alert the public about emergencies.
“The ability to deliver accurate and timely warnings and alerts through cell phones and other mobile services is an important next step in our efforts to help ensure that the American public has the information they need to take action to protect themselves and their families before， and ring， disasters and other emergencies，” FCC Chairman Kevin Martin said， following approval of the plan.
Participation in the alert system by carriers -telecommunications companies is voluntary， but it has received support from the wireless instry.
The program would be optional for cell phone users. They also may not be charged for receiving alerts.
There would be three different types of messages， according to the rules.
The first would be a national alert from the president， likely involving a natural disaster. The second would involve “approaching threats”， which could include natural disasters like hurricanes or storms or even university shootings. The third would be for child abction (绑架) emergencies， or so-called Amber Alerts.
The service could be in place by 2010.( 2008年高考英语山东卷B篇)
66. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A. Cell Phone Alerts Protecting Students
B. Cell Phone Alerts by Wireless Instry
C. Cell Phone Alerts of National Disasters
D. Cell Phone Alerts Coming Soon
解析：D。主旨大意题。第一段开门见山，提出将创建一个全国性的短信警报系统;最后一段重申主题，对这种新系统的未来进行展望。因此最准确的标题是D。A项错在protecting students;B项错在by wireless instry;C项错在National Disasters。
4、词义句意题解题技巧
要求考生通过阅读上下文，结合中学生应有的赏识来推测尚不熟悉的词或者词组的意思。出现特征：划线或者引号
解题方法之一：根据上下文，往往是本句中的同位关系进行猜测。
Weeks later， standing before this unfriendly mass， I was totally lost. Oh well， I lowered the paper and sat down at my desk， burning to find out what I had done wrong. As a classmate began his report， it all became clear， “My report is on George Washington， the man who started the American Revolution.” The whole world became quite! How could I know that she meant that George Washington?
62. The underlined word “burning” in Para. 3 probably means _______.(2012年北京，B篇，62，答案D)
A. annoyed B. ashamed C. ready D. eager
解析：从burning这个词来说，意为“发热的`，强烈的，燃烧的”，后面紧跟动词词组“find out”说明在寻找时刻的心情是很紧张和急迫的，最后是一个宾语从句，是我曾经做错过什么，那么这个题目显然就是选择和“渴望的，热切的”词义，显然为D选项。
5、结构顺序题解题技巧
常见提问方式：
How is the passage organized?
Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?
The author develops the passage mainly by….
解题思路：
(1) 注意主题段。主题段通常在文章的开头，简要概括文章的中心思想，
(2) 找出或者总结每段的主题句。主题句可能在段落的开头，也可能出现在段落的中间或末尾。如何确定主题句的方法见主旨题之main idea型。
(3) 最后根据每段主题确定段与段之间的结构关系，承上启下，使文章行文连贯，逻辑严密。为突出主题，作者可能采用不同的写作手法来组织文章，通过举例、比较、类比等手法来透彻阐明主题观点。
The Diet Zone： A Dangerous Place
Diet Coke， diet Pepsi， diet pills， no-fat diet， vegetable diet… We are surrounded by the word “diet” everywhere we look and listen. We have so easily been attracted by the promise and potential of diet procts that we have stopped thinking about what diet procts are doing to us. We are paying for procts that harm us psychologically and physically(身体上).
Diet procts significantly weaken us psychologically. On one level， we are not allowing our brain to admit that our weight problems lie not in actually losing the weight， but in controlling the consumption of fatty， high-calorie， unhealthy foods. Diet procts allow us to jump over the thinking stage and go straight for the scale(秤)instead. All we have to do is to swallow or recognize the word “diet” in food labels.
On another level， diet procts have greater psychological effects. Every time we have a zero-calorie drink， we are telling ourselves without our awareness that we don't have to work to get results. Diet procts make people believe that gain comes without pain， and that life can be without resistance and struggle.
The danger of diet procts lies not only in the psychological effects they have on us， but also in the physical harm that they cause. Diet foods can indirectly harm our bodies because consuming them instead of healthy foods means we are preventing our bodies from having basic nutrients(营养成分). Diet foods and diet pills contain zero calories only because the diet instry has created chemicals to proce these wonder procts. Diet procts may not be nutritional， and the chemical that go into diet procts are potentially dangerous.
Now that we are aware of the effects that diet procts have on us， it is time to seriously think about buying them. Losing weight lies in the power of minds， not in the power of chemicals. Once we realize this， we will be much better able to resist diet procts， and therefore prevent the psychological harm that comes from using them. (2008高考英语北京卷E篇)
75. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?
题目
解析：文章第一段点明节食产品在误导人们;第二段说明节食产品对人们心理上的影响;第三段说明节食产品误导人们认为不费劲就可以减肥，即对人们身体上的危害;第四段说明节食产品的危害;第五段说明人们应该慎重对待节食产品，故从文章结构上看应该是B项正确。
;『叁』 求翻译 2006高考山东英语E卷阅读题 pittsburgh for most people,snakes seem unpleasant oreven 原文如下
匹兹堡报道来，蛇看起来挺自吓人的，Howie Choset却从delicate的蛇行中受到启发，开发搜救技术这位37岁的卡内基大学教授历经数年研发蛇形机器人。目的是，在自然灾害或者意外事故中，在倒塌的建筑物废墟下搜寻幸存者。
『肆』 2008年山东高考阅读表达试题~~急求英语高手帮忙解答！附答案，主要求答案解析~~~
高考没改题型吧？77，78，79没有选项吗？
有的话就简单了
76题的答案在专第一段属The word addiction usually makes you think of alcohol or drugs/Some people are compulsive (难以自制的) shoppers. Others find it impossible to pull themselves away from their work. Still others spend countless hours watching TV or playing computer games
77题的答案在第三段的The question is: why do they have this addiction?整段始终在说为什么会造成这样。。
78题第四段第一句说狂热购物看起来并没有害，但是。。。这个转折应该写不好的一面了，至于什么不好，就得自己想了，答案很好的说：）~~
79题问题的意思是因此，那些疯狂购物者应该去一个确定的组织帮忙强制性去除她们爱购物的隐~~~所以和答案那句话正好意思一样
不知道有没有 帮到你
『伍』 2009年高考山东英语试题一道阅读理解问题
根据文章上下文，应该表达的意思是希望人们不要去养成吸烟的习惯。
a discard 源自“dis＋card弃牌” 意思是版放弃，不再做某事－－权这是一种选择
b remove 本意“re＋move移走” 引申为“去除，免职”－－这是一种动作，同时意思上也不合理
『陆』 09年山东英语高考试题及答案
1. What do the speakers need touy?
A.A fridge. A dinner table. C.A few chairs.
2. Where are the spaker?
A.IN A RESTAURANT. B. In a hotel. C.In a school.
A. Cathy will be alll the party.
B. Catty is too busy to come.
C. Cathy is going to be invited
4.Why does the woman plan to go to
A. TO pay her hills in the bank.
B. To buy books in a bookstore.
C. To get some money from the bank.
5.What is woman trying to do?
A. Finish some writing.
B. Print an article.
C. Find a newspaper
第二节 （共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷相应位置。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每题对话读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答6和第7两个小题。
6. What is the man doing?
A. Changing seat on the plane.
B. Asking for a window seat.
C. Trying to find his seat.
7.What is the woman’s seat number?
A.6A B.7A C.8A
听下面一段对话，回答第8和第9两个小题。
8.Wheat the woman take the green T-shirt?
A.It’s too small B.It’s too dark. C.It’s too expeansice.
9.What does the woman buy trpend?
A.A yellow? B.A pink T-kint C. A pink T-shirt
听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12三个小题。
10.How long has man heen in londom?
A.One year. B.A few years. C.A young months
11.Why did the woman leave her homelown?
A.a cty lifc.
B.To open a restaurant
C.To find a job
12.Where did the woman come from?
A.London B.Amside. C.Lancastar
听下面一段对话，回答第13至第16四个小题
13.What is a daypack?
A.A box. B. C.A lock.
14.What surprisecs the girl at school.
A.A lot of discussions in clas
B.Teachers giving little homework
C.Few students asking quesnons in class
15.At what time of the school term es the converaticn incl probald take phone?
A.At the end of it.
B.In the middle.
C.At the begirrang of it.
16.What do we know about the girl
A.She is new to the school.
B.She wrntes for the school newspaper.
C.She seldom asks quesitms in class.
听下面一段对话，回答第17至第20四个小题
17.What does Mr. Hear, Stone do?
A.A bank clerk. B.ber C.A writet.
18.What does Henry like doing at
A.Watching people
B.Telling stories.
C.Reading magazines.
19.What did Henry learn from the newspaper that day?
A.A valuable suitcase was thissing
B.A man stole money from a bank.
C.A woman ran away from home.
20.Why was the woman at the airport?
A.She was traveling on businese.
B.She was seeing the man off.
C.She was leaving for Greece.
第二部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 语法和词语知识（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
例：Mr Smnh owns collertinn of roins than anyone else I have ever mel.
A.tareer B.a lare C.the larger D.gnarge
答案是B
21.¬¬— John and I wall celebrm onr foctietl wodling annershry next month.
— Oh. !
A.there up B.well then C.goheml D.congratulation
22.We are nited to a party next Frdny.
A.hetd B.little C.beng hcld D.halding
23.I felt so all yetecday that this mering I coul facet day like
A.other B.another C.the D.others
24.Wherer I met her, farly often, shy me with a swecl smile.
A.why B. C.when D.that
25.The of eniverstips rising stcadily smee
A. B.air C.has been D.have been
26. — Be have b all
Oh has, rnouch and to spend
A.coen B.spend C.hill D.offer
27.Su subben that the eten had no tinnr to esape.
A.did the B.the attack did
C.was the attul D.the attack was
28.The little girl whe get lest drirded to reman she was and wnit for her mother.
A.whe B.what C.how D.who
29. — He say. That my nex car moose.
— Don’t you think otost sup grapes
A.laek B.loat C.queston D.wasce
30. — Poor seve! I sould lemlly tccgni him just new!
— He has changed much.
A.Never min,j B.No unfilem
C.Not us all D.Me nether
31.Amy joined a painting group but didn’t seem to , so she left.
A.sh B.go up C.fil in D.come over
32. —Shall have our picnic tomorrow?
— it doesn’t min.
A.Until B.While C.Once D.If
33.It saves time in the kitchen his wnines use a lot easy mach
A.near B.upon C.within D.untl
34.I was out of torn are me time so I know exactly how it
A.was happens B.happened C.happens D.has happened
35.Mary and I see each other ,but not as often we ased to
A.sooner or later B. once in a while C.in the end D.more or less
第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题10分，满分20分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36~55各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Even though it was only October,my studcnts were already whispenring about Christmas plaos.With each passing day everyone becanic more 36 wantting for the finnl school ball pon its 37 everyone would run for their coate and go home,everyone except Dnvid.
David was small boy in ragged clothes.I had often 38 what kind of home life David had and whenkind mother could send her son to school dressed so 39 for the cold winner months.whould coat,boots,boots,or gloves.But something made Davirl 40 .I can still remember he was ways 41 a smile and willing to ,akwats 42 after school to straighten chairs and mop the floor.We never tall .He 43 just smile and ask what clse he could do then thank me for letting him stny and slowly 44 home.
Weeks passed and the 45 over the coming Cltristmas grew tuto restlcssness,lattil the has day of 46 befone the holiday break.I smiled in 47 as the last of them hurried out the choor.Turning around I saw David 48 standing by my desk.
“I have something for you,”he said and 49 from behind his lack small has.
a to me,he sad anxinasly,“Open it.”I took the
it.I lifted the bdand to my 51 saw nothing.I look at snnling, the box and said,“The box is nice.David.but it’s 52 ”
“Oh no it isn’t.”said David.“It’s full of love.My mun lold me before she third that was something you couldn’t see or touch unless you know it’s there.”
Tears filled my eyes 53 I looked at the prond dirty face that I had 54 to After that Christmas.David and I became good friends and I never forgot the meming 55 the little emply box set on my desk.
36.A.anxious B.courngcous C.serious D.eautious
37.A.warning B.ringing C.calling D.yelling
38.A.scolded B.wondered C.realized D.learned
39.A.modestly B.wondered C.realized D.learned
40.A.popular B.upset C. usal
41.A.axpressing B.delivering C.wearing D.sharing
42.A.prnctised B.send C.studied D.slayed
43.A.would B.should C.might D.could
44.A.airn at B.tuin to C.put off D.head for
45.A.argument B.excitement C.movement D.judgment
46.A.school B.year C.ceetion D.program
47.A.relief B.return C.vain D.control
48.A.weakly B.sadly C.quietly D.helplesaly
49.A.warched B.found C.raised D.pulled
50.A.Holding B.Handing C.Sending D.Lenving
51.A.delight B.expectation C.appreciation D.suprist
52.A.cheap B.empt C.useles D.impropet
53.A.as B.until C.beeause D.though
54.A.advice B.support C.attention D.command
55.A.from B.behind C.over D.towards
第三部分 阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将选项涂黑。
A
A vear ago August tinve Fines lost his job driving a truck for a small company in west Machigan.His wile,emie,was still working in the local school cafeteria,but work for Dave was scarce,and the price of everything was rising.The Fusses were at riak of joining the millions of Atnenrans who have lost their homes in reeend .I’hen Dave and Gerin meeived a timely
Gift ＄7,000,a leans(遗产) from tneir neighbors 1sh and eland who shed in a accident.
It really made a difference when we were going under himanclly, Dave.
But the Fusses weren’t the only folks in Alto and the meghboring town of Lowell to receive unexpected lcgacy fronm the Hatches.Dozens of other families were touched by the Hatches generosily.In some eafses.it was a few thousand dollars;in others,it was more than ＄100,000.
It surprised nearly everyone that the Hatches had so much money.more than ＄3 million-they were an elderly couple whol lived in an old house on what was left of the family farm.
Children of the Great Depression. lsh and Arlene wean known for their habit of saving. They thnved ou(欢) comparison shopping and wond ronpntly is from store to store. Checking prices before making a new purchase.
Through the years. The Hatehes pald for fncal chilclren to nttend sunner camp when their parents couldn’t afford it. “lsh and Arfenc never asked it it.”lsft and Artene never asked it you needed anything.”says fricnd Stundy Van Weeleten.“They could see theirs they could in make you happicc.and thay would it. Them.”
Even more extraordinnry was that the Hatches had their farmlanmcl clstrahutcl. It as the Hatches’ wish that theird legacy—a legacy of kindnese as rmtch as ane of dollars athleaats ----should carich the whole community (社区) and last for gencations to contc.
Neighbors helping neighbors----thnt was lsh and Arlenc Hatch’s story.
56.According to the text, the fokses ____________
A.were employcd bs amck company B.were in financial diniculty
C.worknd in a school cafelerin D.lost their laome
57.Whhich of the following is true of the hatches?
A.They had their children ring the Great Denression.
B.They left the farnily farm to live in an old hones.
C.They gave away their possessions to ther eigh bcn.
D.They helped their neighbors to find job.
58.Why would the Hatches routinely go from store to store?
A. They dcoided to open a store. B.They wantcd to snve mancy.
C. They couldn’t Van Weelden, the Hntches were. D.They wantcd to buy gifts for lncal kids.
59.According to Sandy Van Weelden, the Hatches, were ___________
A.undrstanding B.optimistic C.childlike D.corous
60.What can we learn from the fext?
A.The community of Afty was poot.
B.The summer camp was attractin to the parents.
C.Sandy Yan weehlen got a legacy from the lishcches.
D.The Hatches wonld like the neighbors to follow their exnmple.
B
“In only six days I lost seven pounds of weight.”
“Two full inches in the first three days!”
There are the kinds of statements uscd in magazine, newspaper, radio and television ads, promining new shapes and new lookes to those who buy the medicine of the device. The promoters of procts sny they can shape the legs, slim the face, smooth wrinkles, or in some other way to bemny o rability.
Often such proets are nothing more that money-making things for their promoters. The no they proee are qucstionable. And some are dangoroas health.
To anderstand how these procts can eanily promoted to the publie, it is neceass and, filmd some thing of the laws proof(证明) under the Food. Drug, and Cosmetic Act that and offectise before it is put on the market. But if the proct is a device. FDA has no his to requtte prermrketing proof of safety or effectiveness. If a proct alrendy on the make danget to health. FDA can request the proeer or distributor to remove ift from the nivolomtardy. or if can take legal legal action. Inluchng seizure (查封) of the proct.
One notable case a few years ago involved an electrical device called the Relaxacisor. Had been sold for reeing the waistlie. The Relaxacisor proced clectrical shocks to the through conlael pads. FDA took action against the distributor to stop the sale of the devthe gaounds that is use ageroug to bcalth and life.
Ohiran of the deviees on the marker have never been the subject of court proec (法律) of new devices appcar continunlly. Bcfore buying. It is up to the consumer to the safety or effeetivettss of such itcms.
61.It can be inferred that the ads mentiopcd in the .
A.abjective B.costly C.ancliabde Dillegal.
62Which of the foolwing is t trie acconting to the tea!
A.The court is in charge of pemoving dangetous procls.
B.New proets ate more likely to be questionable.
C.The cmoction of device must be appnoved by FDA.
D.comofers usually just care about profits.
63.can ask fet the proof of saf and effecd eness of a proct_______
A.if it is a drup.
B.it it is a cleass
C.if its comsurners make complaints.
D.if its drstrbutors challenge FDA’s authority.
64.The Relaxacisor is montioned as ______________
A.a proct which was designed to proce electricity
B.a proct whose distributor was involved in a legal case
C.sul ndvertiscment of a beauty proct
D.an example of a quality beauty proct
The unthor tends to .
A.ma aware of the prmotcts’ falso pronies
B.show the seakness of the law on proct safect
C.give advice on how to keep young and
D.introee the organization of DOA
C
Eew faws are so cffcetive that you can see results just days after they effcct. But in the .nine days since the fodcral cigarette tax more than doubled-to $1.01 pet pack-mokers have jammed telephone“quit lines”across the country seeking to kick the habit.
This is not a surprise to public health advocatcs. They’ve studied the effcct of stale tax increases for years, finding that smokers, especialls teens, are price sensitive. Nor is it a shock to the instry, which ficrcely fights every meverse.
The only wonder is that so tates must on closing therir ears to the message. Tobacco taxes improve public health, th and most particularly. They deter people from taking up the habit as teens, which when nearly all smokers are addicted. Yet the rate of taxntion varies widely.
In Marhuan, foc instance, which has the highest tax the nation, a pack of Marlboro light Kings co, Siu one drugstore Wednesday charleston, S.C. where the 7-cot-a-pock tax is the lowest in the nation, the price was $4.78.
The influence is obvious.
In New York, high school smoking hit a new low in the mest survoys 3.8%, far below the national average. By comparison, 26% of high school students smoke in Kentucky. Other low-tax states have similarly depressing teen=smoking records.
Hal Rogers, Representative from Kentuch, like those who are against high tobaceo taxes, argues that the burden of the tax falls on low=meome Amcricans “who choose to smoke.”
That the But there is more reason in keeping future generations of low-ineome workers from getting looked in the first place, As for today’s alts, if the new tax drives them to quit. They will have more to spend on their family out their risk of cancer and heart disease and feel better.
66.The text is main about .
A.the price of cignrenes
B.the rate of teen smokine
C.the effect of tobacco tax inerease
D.the differences in tobucco tax out
67.What does the author think is a surprise?
A.Teen smokers are price sensitive.
B.Some states still keep the tobacco tax low.
C.Tobacco taxes improve public health.
D.Tobacco instry fiercely fights the tax rise.
68.The underliand word“deter”in Paragraph 3 most probably means .
A.disce B.remove C.benend D.free
69.Rogers’ attitude towards the low-income smoket might be that of .
A.tolerance B.unconcer C.about D.aympathy
70.What can we learn from the last
A.The new tax will be beneficial in the long run.
B.Low-income Americans are more likely to fall ill.
C.Future generations will be booked on smoking.
D.Alts will depend more on thear families.
D
An increase in students applying to studs ccononties at university is being attribuled to(归因于)the global economic erisis awakenmg a public thirst for knowledge about how the finnneial system works.
Professor John Beath, the president of the society and a leading lecture at ST Andrews University, said his first-year lectures-which are open to students from all departments-were drawing crowds of 400. cather than the usual 250
“The are a large number of students who are not cconomics major. who would like to learn something about it. One of the things I have done year is to relate my teaching to contemporary cvents in a way that one hasn’t traditionally done.”he added.
University applications rose 7% last year. but there were rises above average in scvcral subjects. Nursing saw a 15% jump, with people’s rencwed interest in careers in the publie sector (部门)，which are is more secure in cconomic crisis.
A recents study showed almost two rds of parents believed schools should do more to teach pirpils about financial matters. And almost half said ter children had asked them what was going on, although a minority of and not understand it themselves well cnought to explain.
Zack Hocking the hend of child Trust Funds. Sid：“It’s possible that one good thing to arise from the downurh will be a generation that’s financially wiser and better equipped to manage their money through times of economic uncertainty.”
71.Professor John Beath’s lectures are .
A.given in a traditional way
B.connected with the present situdent
C.open to both students and their parents
D.warmly reecived by ccmotiats
72.Cacans in the public sector are more attractive because of their __________.
A.teater atability B.jgher pay
C.fewer applieations D.better reputation
73.In the opinion of most parents, __________.
A.econotnics should be the licus of student lenching
B.more students should be adreincd to universities
C.the teaching of financinl matters should be strengthened
D.children should solve financial problems themselves
74.accarding to Hocking,the global eeonornic erisis might make the youngters __________.
A.wiser in money management
B.have access to better equipment
C.confident about their future careers
D.get jobs in Child Trust Funds
75.What’s the main idea of the text?
A.Universitics bae eive more applications.
B.Economine attracting an increasing number stuclents.
C.Colles studernts benefit a lot frumomic uneertanty.
D.Parenls are eonccrned with chilren’s subject seleetion.
『柒』 英语阅读表达
英语阅读表达
阅读表达题是近年英语高考出现的一种新的测试题型，它是阅读理解与表述阅读信息的结合。下面我收集了关于阅读表达题的备考策略，一起来了解一下吧!
阅读表达题———英语高考新题型和备考策略
【摘要】 本文介绍了近年来英语高考中出现的一类新题型——阅读表达题。笔者分析了新题型的形成背景，命制方式和基本题型，提出了解答阅读表达题的基本思路和备考策略，同时展望了其发展的基本趋势。
【关键词】 阅读表达题，新课标高考卷，题型创新，阅读理解，备考策略
阅读表达题是近年英语高考出现的一种新的测试题型，它是阅读理解与表述阅读信息的结合(reading & expression)。命制阅读表达题的具体做法是：设计一篇在语篇结构上是并列或承接关系的300字左右的短文，之后是5个需要考生回答的问题。这些问题的回答需要考生从短文中提取相关细节信息，并结合上下文进行适当的概括、判断和推理，在规定的字数内将答案写在相应的空白处。
一. 阅读表达题的课改背景
阅读表达题的推出是与正在全国各省市区推行的高中学科新课程标准密不可分的。《普通高中英语课程标准》规定，高中学生毕业时的课外阅读量应达到18—30万字。这一量化的规定可见新课标对高中阶段学生阅读输入(input)的充分重视。同时，krashen(1985))认为足够的信息输入是保证高质量信息输出(output)的前提。阅读表达题正是这种阅读信息输入与即时输出的巧妙结合。
阅读表达题是对阅读理解题型的创新。阅读表达题以一种主观题的形式，“打破了高考英语阅读理解十几年多项选择题的单一形式”。在阅读难度上它略低于前面的阅读理解题，而它是以主观回答的形式考查考生的表述能力，故中高程度的考生答题效果较为理想，而如果考生读不懂短文，就基本没有答对的概率。因此，该题型能“有效地评价考生综合运用英语语言的能力，而且会提高试题的信度和效度”，同时也具有较好的区分度。
二. 阅读表达题的'设题类型和解题技巧
在目前全国各省市区的高考试卷中，有四个省市英语试卷推出了阅读表达题：山东省(2007年始)，天津市(2009年始)，和江西省(2011年始)。湖南省试卷也在前几年简答题的基础上，2010年推出了阅读表达新题型。在卷面形式上，四份试卷阅读表达题均以一篇短文后加4——5个问题的方式命制，其常用的题型有：
1. 主旨大意题。这一问题主要考查学生概括文章主旨或个别段落大意的能力，其主要目的是培养学生归纳主要信息的能力。现在高中学生阅读时的普遍问题是：文章大意都基本能看懂，但缺乏归纳主题和写作目的的能力，而这恰恰是阅读教学和学生获取阅读信息的主要目的。主旨大意题有助于矫正这种能力缺陷。主旨大意题既考查对整个短文主旨理解的能力(如江西2011卷76题)，也可考查对段落大意的归纳能力(如山东2011卷80题)。
主旨大意题的提问方式通常是：what is the main idea of the text? / what does the passage mainly talk about? / what is the purpose of the writer’s writing the passage? / what does paragraph 3 mainly tell us?
主旨大意通常会出现在文章的首尾段或段落的首尾句。在2010山东卷中，我们可根据第一段的最后一句：studies show that those families who eat dinner at least 3 or 4 times a week together benefit in many ways 概括处文章的主题为：families benefit from eating together.
主旨概述既可以用完整的句子，也可用一个简洁的短语：a website where we can learn english well，或一个问句：how to deal with stress。
2. 信息归纳表达题。该题要求考生能在短文中找到题目所要求的事实性细节，并能适当进行归纳表达。在找到相关细节信息之后，有时可照搬原文信息轻松作答，有时还要对事实性信息进行适当的整理(2011山东卷和江西卷78题)。
信息归纳题有时以例举填空的形式：list three activities that might develop into addictions based on the text ①________ ②_________ ③_________，或回答的形式，如：point out the advantage of televised sport which does not concern money in paragraph 3. ________________。
解答信息归纳表达题，一方面要找到相应的原文信息，另一方面要组织好词语的恰当词性。很多学生在考试时就没有注意到词性的要求。如回答上一题“advantage”即用短语 a health benefit，而有相当数量同学用一个句子__there is a health benefit_，实在是教训深刻。
3. 指代关系确认题。考生根据下划线代词(如they, that, it,so 等)找到它所指代的上文内容。指示代词所指代的是上文的事物，考生主要是在上文寻找答案，答题难度相对小些。考生要注意到代词所代替的是上文的名词或动名词，如原文所指向的是动词或其它词性的词，则要相应的名词化。
如2011江西卷80题：what does the word “it”(line 3, paragraph 5) probably refer to?
4. 补全文章空缺题。短文在设计时，在短文中间设一空，要求考生用恰当的短语或分句进行内容补全，使之与前后内容连贯，并与作者的写作意图相符。信息补全题类似于完型填空，但空缺处需填的通常不是一个单词，多为一个完整的句子，这就无疑给考生带来相当的挑战。做好这道小题，一方面一定要看懂上下文，另一方面还要会分析文章的发展脉络，使填进去的信息与上下文语境刚好吻合。2011山东卷77题和江西卷79题即为信息补全题。
在补全文章空缺处时，首先要先知晓短文的主旨大意，因为需要填进的内容都是与主题切实相关的;同时要注意一些连接语篇的词语，如however，therefore，on the other hand，similarly等，这些词是上下文过渡和发展的关键词。2011江西卷79题为fill in the blank in paragraph 4 with proper words，我们在通读全文后，知道短文的主题是“电视直播体育赛事的利与弊”，而前一段分析了“利”，同时我们注意到空缺处前有一表转折关系的连词however，且空白处的下文是分析“弊”，所以填进去的当为“there are also disadvantages ”,从而与上段形成“利与弊”的对比关系。
5. 短文信息转述(填空)题。短文信息转述即通过题干中的一个句子，找到原文中的与其意义相近甚至一致的句子，并把它写在题目后的空白横线上。此题类似于paraphrase (using simple english sentences to explain the original sentences with complicated structures)，不过题目中的句子有时侯也是很复杂的复合句(山东2008年卷79题)。而短文信息转述填空题则是对原文相关句子paraphrase的基础上，在题干的空白处填上原文所缺的信息(江西11年卷77题)。它既需要考生找到原文与题干中相一致的句子，也要求他们在题干空白处补全与上下文相连贯的信息，是一道相对较难而得分较低的题目。
短文信息转述(山东卷也称英文释义)的提问方式有：which sentence in the text is closest in meaning to the following one? / which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?
要练好英文释义题，考生一定要吃透所给转述句中的关键信息，捕捉与原文相吻合的关键词汇。2008山东卷79题所给转述句为accordingly, these shopaholics should turn to a certain organization for help so that they can stop complulsive shopping. 考生要能理解这句话的含义，同时根据下划线关键词在原文中第四段找到语义相同的句子。
短文信息转述填空题是江西卷命制的一种新的题型，它是在山东卷的基础上将所给转述句的部分关键信息挖掉，而要求考生根据原句补充上缺失部分并注意其相应的形式。
要备考英文释义题，教师平时在课堂阅读教学中要加强对复杂句的paraphrase训练。在nsec教材中就有很多练习专门是用来训练学生用简单英语解释复杂句型的。如笔者在教学unit5,book1时，就把原文中引用的nelson mandela 的一句话paraphrase 为两句简单句，而要求他们在课文中找到相应的原句。
6. 词义猜测题。此题的命制目的是考查学生根据上下文理解陌生词语的能力。陌生词语以下划线的方式标出。指示关系的确认依靠上下文语境的暗示或信息的互补。在2009天津卷的阅读表达中，下划线的词语是“chrome-plated contraptions”，而上句话是说“几乎每一个美国人都要花些时间推购物车”，而含有下划线的句子是说“他们在一生中推______的里程有很多路”。显而易见，后句与前句在语义上是并列关系，所以后句中“推”的宾语就是前句中的购物车。《普通高中英语课程标准》明确规定，要培养学生“能通过上下文克服生词困难，理解语篇意义”。在阅读理解中，词义猜测也是常考题型，笔者查阅了06、07年全国各地38份高考试卷，其中就有37份考查了“在上下文理解生词”，均体现出新课标的这一理念。
7. 开放性问答题。此题是要求考生根据短文中所出现的话题，发表你个人的观点和见解，如2011天津卷60题是就“人与动物的理想关系”发表见解，山东卷是就参加“某春假活动”表态，并说明其缘由。它没有标准答案，需要考生根据自己的理解和想象。开放性的问题使考生跳出了试题，有利于体现创造性思维。考生在平时要多思考生活，关注些社会和国内外问题，高考时方可写出具有自己个性、言简意赅而合情合理的句子。
8. 其它题型。如山东省的翻译题(英译汉)。翻译教学仍是中学英语教学的一种方法，特别是一些复杂的复合句，更需要适当的成分分析和翻译。我们没有必要用“信、达、雅”的标准来衡量学生翻译的句子，只要翻译后的汉语能较流畅而又能忠实于原文。
如湖南省和天津市的细节理解。细节题是阅读理解中的重要题型。据不完全统计，细节理解题在各省市区阅读理解的分值在40%-60%之间。而阅读表达题中的细节理解题更是对新课标“阅读能从一般文字资料中获取主要信息;能从一般性文章中获取和处理主要信息”的全新诠释和落实。细节理解题采用5w1h形式提问：
what is the aim of the program?
why did linda join the american women’s club of toronto?
how does shaw feel about his future life with the help of cuddles?
who may choose to participate in the alternative break program?
……
三.阅读表达题型的备考
高考作为一种选拔性考试，必然要反映出考生在学习能力和水平上的差异。高考相对于知识性考试而言，它对于记忆的要求要低一些，而更侧重于对日积月累的能力的考核。《普通高中英语课程标准》认为高考要以考查学生综合语言运用能力为目标。作为一种综合题型，阅读表达题既考查到学生的阅读理解能力，又能考查他们的书面表达能力，因此英语测试专家普遍认为这是一种能有效评价考生综合运用语言能力的题类。但作为一种新的试题类型，阅读表达题不同于阅读选择题，因为选择题是答案提示性问题，而阅读表达题是考查学生理解文章、组织语言、准确表达的能力，它没有提示性成分，所以广大师生对它都有一个认知—了解—熟悉的过程。阅读理解题解题能力形成和提高要把握以下几个方面：
1. 阅读理解新题型渗透于日常教学和练习。
众所周知，高考是中学教学的指挥棒，广大师生只有顺应高考改革的方向，才能取得较理想的成绩。我们既要研究高考新试题，更要把它贯彻到我们备考和复习之中。概括短文主旨、明确指代关系、归纳段落大意，英语释义，寻找关键词，这些能力的培养，是一个长期的过程。笔者在指导学生阅读训练时，要求学生做到有意识地用几个核心词汇概括文章或段落大意;在遇到一些复杂句时，则先呈示同义句，要求他们在原文文中找到同义句;通过上下文、构词法猜测词义;在一些记叙文中，教授学生以5w1h形式复述课文。
2. 阅读理解新题型要求培养学生提炼概括的能力。
在批阅试卷时，笔者常发现学生找到了题目在原文中的答案，但常出现句式错误。如回答指代关系题把动词短语填上去，信息列举题又把整个原句写上去。这些问题充分暴露学生在概括能力方面的欠缺。学生既要能圈定答案所在的句子范围，更要进行一些合理的提炼，才能准确到位的回答相关的阅读表达题。阅读表达题要慎抄原句。
3. 阅读理解新题型要求学生阅读训练要持之以恒。
在研究近几年高考卷阅读表达题型时，笔者发现其基本是稳定的，但各年份在排序和题型上有个别微调。这在客观上给考生备考增加了一定的困难，但只要严格按照新课标关于高中生课外阅读量的要求，学生坚持每日阅读600词左右信息量的短文(两篇阅读理解)，准备好这一题型是不困难的。
4. 阅读理解新题型要把握好一些特有的细节
阅读表达题各小题都有字数的限制。关于回答问题时超出规定字数如何给分，笔者请教了专程到笔者所在学校进行新课标高考卷调研的省教育考试院高考命题组专家，她的回答是超出字数均不给分。理由有二：考生没读题目后字数要求;考查学生概括能力。
阅读表达题也属于主观回答的试题内容，因此考生一定要书写整洁、清晰，为自己赢得印象分，切忌乱涂乱该。
四.结束语
阅读表达题作为一种新题型，既考查学生的阅读理解能力，又考查了学生在对原文理解基础上的书面表达能力。阅读表达题的创新之处在于它将学生的阅读理解能力转化为对阅读信息的撷取、归纳、表述和内化的能力，这与新课标的理念和nsec教材模块后的comprehending的问题练习是不谋而合的。基于高考对于中学英语教学强烈的反拨作用，我们一方面要巧妙而有选择地利用好comprehending中相关的练习，使高考题型训练常态化;同时通过平时的日常阅读和备考前相对集中地专项练习，进一步提高高中生阅读获取信息和表达的能力。
参考文献:
1.krashen,s.d. (1985) the input hypothesis:issues and implications. london: longman.
2.richards, jack & c.lockhart. (2000). reflective teaching in second language classrooms. 人民教育出版社.
3. 蔡银保 《专题调研：江西新题型》，汕头大学出版社，2011年
4. 黄远振等 “高考英语命题：现实与诉求”，《中学外语教与学》2008年第10期
5. 江西省教育考试院 《2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试江西卷(英语)考试说明(课程标准实验版)》[m]，江西高校出版社，2011年
6. 教育部 《普通高中英语课程标准(实验)》，人民教育出版社，2003年
;
『捌』 2013年山东高考英语试题及答案
2013
山东高考英语答案
听力
【答案】
1-5ACACB6-10CBABA11-15BA
，由于网上音频不完整，待续
单选
21---25
：
ABCBA
26-30
：
DCBCD
31--35
：
ABADC
完型填空
36--40
：
BCDCA
41--45
：
BCBDC
46--50
：
AABCD
51--55
：
BCADB
阅读
【
A
篇】
：
56--60
：
ADDBC
【
B
篇】
：
61--65
：
DBABA
【
C
篇】
：
66-70
：
CACDC
【
D
篇】
：
71--75
：
CCABB
阅读表达
76.ThesuccessofJeanPaulGetty/JeanPaulGetty
’
sachievement
77.cannotbringhappiness./cannotbringhimahappylife./doesn
’
tmeananything.
78.Thoughhewaswealthy,Gettywassomean./Wealthyashewas,Gettywassomean.
79.HekidnappedGetty
’
.
80.Hiscontributiontotheartworld
写作
【范文
1
】
：
DearTom,
How
are
you
going
on?
With
the
final
examination,
I
have
no
spare
time
to
reply
to
your
.
Aftertheexamination,.First,Iwillfly
toJinan,.Afterthe3-dayvisitofJinan,
IwillheadforMountainTai,thesymbolofShandong,whereIwillhaveabird-viewonthetopof
.Finally,
,beautifulbeachandfreshair.Mytripwilllast7days.
『玖』 2020年山东高考英语卷难度难不难,英语试卷答案解析(下载)
高考山东卷英语试题的试卷结构较往年有了较大的变化，取消了听力部分考试，减少了5个单项填空试题，增加了一篇10个小题的完形填空和5个阅读理解题。试题在选材和命制等方面沿袭了历年来山东卷的风格，所选文章话题丰富、体裁多样；试题设计精益求精、稳中有变；试题难度稳定，没有因为试卷结构的变化而出现大的波动。
一、结构微调
我省英语试题取消了听力部分，将单项填空部分由以往的15个小题调整为10个小题，增加了一篇10个小题的完形填空和5个阅读理解题。
单项填空部分没有刻意追求语法点的覆盖面，而是重点考查了几个语法项目，如定语从句、名词性从句、非谓语动词、时态、连词和代词等，这些语法考点均出自我省高考考试说明中所列的语法项目表，突出了中学英语教学的重点；增加的完形填空（A篇）为一则关于鹦鹉的小幽默，内容轻松有趣，结尾出人意料，令人捧腹，这有利于考生放松紧张的心情，从容作答；阅读理解部分较往年增加了1篇文章，5篇总阅读量为1436词，比2013年增加了94词，选项为986词，比2013年增加了262词。
二、选材精细
我省英语试题一共选用了8篇短文，这些短文话题丰富、体裁多样、语言地道、风格不一、信息量大，能让考生充分体会到英语语言的魅力。
完形填空A篇文章是一则关于鹦鹉的小幽默，语言简单易懂，内容轻松有趣，结尾出人意料；完形填空B篇讲述了一位加拿大女医生冲破性别歧视的樊篱救死扶伤的故事。阅读理解A篇文章讲述了一只走失的小狗和收留它的人家之间发生的感人故事；B篇讲述了作者与其兄弟两个为了躲避酷暑而连续几天到电影院看电影的趣事；C篇介绍了美国历史上一位勇于追求自由的女性黑奴ElizabethFreeman；D篇介绍了一种新的科技发明——智能牙刷；E篇介绍了一个使用平板电脑帮助非洲孩子阅读学习的项目。阅读表达文章从交通拥堵这一现实问题切入，通过具体例子及细节介绍相关应对措施，倡导人们充分使用公共交通方式，并指出缓解该问题的关键是提升公共交通服务的质量。
这些文章语言原汁原味，内容积极向上，既能满足考查的需要，也有利于培养考生的情感态度价值观，符合高中英语新课程改革的理念。
三、设题巧妙
我省英语试题在试题的设计上既继承了历年来不偏不怪的命题思路，又不墨守陈规，勇于探索，试题设计灵活巧妙。
单项填空题避免了机械的语法知识考查，而是将语法知识融入到完整自然的语境中进行考查，考生在答题时必须依靠语境结合所学语法知识作答。以第8题为例，考生必须理解答语中后半部分的含义，才能够弄清楚整个题的语境信息，从而得出正确答案。
完形填空题注重考查考生结合词汇、语法、语篇知识及生活常识进行逻辑推理和综合判断的能力，而非简单考查个体词汇使用及对单句的理解。其中A篇全文共154个词，空格之间的间隔约为13个词。除首句及末句外，每句均设空1-2个。空格分布均匀，相邻空格间隔适当，避免了提示信息过多或过少的情况。考点分布合理，10个题目考查对象均为实词，其中动词5项，名词4项，形容词1项。B篇全文共292个词，空格分布均匀，相邻空格间隔适当。考点分布合理，20个题目考查对象均为实词，其中动词12项，名词5项，形容词2项，副词1项。
阅读理解题在题目设置方面，除64题外，其余全部采用完整问句的提问方式，这符合语言测试的规范。题干及选项的设置简洁、精炼，没有使用考试说明词汇表以外的词汇。题目涉及对细节的理解、推测上下文逻辑指代关系、理解主旨要义等多个方面，注重多角度考查考生的理解、分析和概括能力。
阅读表达部分试题设计精巧且多样化，从多角度考查考生的英语阅读和表达能力，66、67题考查考生准确把握篇章信息的能力，68、70题考查考生对相关信息进行准确判断并概括归纳的能力，69题考查考生根据语境进行逻辑推理的能力。其中69题的设置尤为巧妙，既有较强的上下文提示和逻辑关系限定，又给考生一定的发挥空间，考生可从多个角度作答。
今年我省英语作文题一改沿用多年的书信形式，要求考生从所给的两句谚语中选择一句为题写一篇作文，解释该谚语的含义并讲述能体现该谚语含义的个人经历，形式新颖。题中给出的两句谚语“Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.”“Wherethere’sawill,there’saway.”都是中学生耳熟能详的，考生在审题时不会有障碍。两句谚语所蕴含的道理浅显易懂，贴近考生生活和经验，能够保证考生有话可说，利于考生展现其语言运用能力。题中给出两句谚语，给考生一定的选择空间，这样做既不会增加考生审题的负担，也有利于避免考生因不熟悉谚语而无话可说的情况出现。
四、难度稳定
与往年相比，试题难度适中，虽然试卷结构有一定的调整，但是试题难度并没有出现大的起伏。主要表现在：
1.试题阅读量相对稳定
试题总词量为3827词，2013年为3788词。虽然较以往试题增加了两篇文章，但是试卷总词量仅比2013年增加了39词。同时试卷中的词汇基本上都是考试说明中词汇表内的词汇，超纲词汇非常少，这有利于保证试题难度的稳定。
2.新增试题难度适中
新增试题（完形填空与阅读理解部分）难度较低，与往年听力部分试题难度大致相同，其余部分试题在选材与设题上与往年风格类似、难度相当，这有利于保证试题难度不出现大的波动。
总之，高考山东卷英语试题的风格沿袭了历年来不偏不怪、难度稳定、弘扬正能量的特点，同时在材料选择、试题设计等方面做了适当的调整，这样考生对试题既不觉得陌生，又感到有一定的新意，有利于考查考生真实的语言能力，有利于选拔人才，也有利于对中学英语教学起到积极的引导作用。