英语阅读中的猜词活动
Ⅰ 面对雅思阅读生词的七种猜词方法
面对雅思阅读生词的七种猜词方法
即使进行了大量的单词记忆，但是在雅思考试中还是难免有不认识的单词。下面我就给大家介绍下雅思阅读中的七种猜词方法，帮助考生有效快速猜中词义，理解文章。
猜词方法一、利用定义式线索进行猜测
定义是作者为了更好地表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或 词汇等所作的解释。这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性，利用它们猜测词义比较容易。例如:Kinetic energy is the energy of moving particles. Kinetic enegry 可能是生词，由定义可知，表语是说明主语性质内容的。所以kinetic energy就是“运动粒子的能量”。再如Typhoons are cyclones，storms with strong winds rotating around a low-pressure center.如果cyclones是生词，推断该词义的线索就是其后面的解释“绕低气压中心形成的暴风雨”由此我们可知cyclones的意思是“绕低气压中心形成的暴风雨”。在这种解释中定义句的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define, represent, signify, constitute等。
猜词方法二、根据进一步阐述猜测词义
虽然进一步阐述不如定义那样严谨、详细，但是提供的'信息足以使我们猜出生词的词义。复述部分可以是适当的词，短语或者句子。例如Experts in kinesics, in their study of body motion as related to speech ,hope to discover new methods of communications. 逗号中短语的意思是“对肢体语言进行研究的学科”。短语与前面生词kinesics是同位关系，因此我们不难猜出kinesics指“肢体语言学”。在这种复述当中,构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号，冒号，分号，引号，和括号等。另外同位语前还常有or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, 等副词或短语出现。另外一种会以定语从句的形式出现如从句Obesity, which is a medical disorder that affects approximately 20-30% of the population of the United States of America. It is an excessive accumulation of body fat that results from the storage of excess food energy calories in the body's fat cells. 根据生词obesity后面的非限制性定语从句which is a medical disorder that affects approximately 20-30% of the population of the United States of America. It is an excessive accumulation of body fat that results from the storage of excess food energy calories in the body's fat cells. 我们可以推断出 obesity的含义，即“过度肥胖”。
猜词方法三、根据举例猜测词义
恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索，例如The consequences of epochal events such as wars and great scientific discoveries are not confined to a small geographical area as they were in the past. 句中“战争”和“重大科学发现”是生词的实例，通过它们我们可以猜出epochal的 大致词义“重要的”。
猜词方法四、根据上下文的语境关联猜测词义
例如Computers have been used for most kinds of crime, including fraud theft, larceny, embezzlement, burglary, sabotage, murder and forgery, since the first cases were reported in 1985. 这句话中有许多生词出现，但通过上文的crime和murder一词，我们可以知道这些下划线词都是与犯罪有关的词。在考试中，就不必费心去考虑它们的具体意思，知道大概类别即可。再如Goran Ivanisevic fears only one service in tennis -- Michael Stichs. His toss is always the same: the straight one or the topspin. Sampras has a good serve and Becker too, but Stichs is the toughest to read.在此例中，大多数词用于网球运动中的一些专门词汇，我们可以不必理会，而主要关注认识的那些词。这样能够大概理解此句讲的是网球选手Goran害怕某种service, 通过上下文大致可得知这是指网球运动中的一个动作(比如发球、扣球等)。其实，service就是“发球”的意思。从形容词straight可知Stichs发球的特点，而且他是最难预测的一个。这样一来就可以很好地把握文章内容了。
猜词方法五、根据对比关系猜测词义
在一个句子或段落中，有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以根据生词或难词的反义词猜测其词义。 例如：Unlike her gregarious sister, Jane is a shy, unsociable person who does not like to go to parties or to make new friends. Gregarious, 对许多人来说可能是个生词，但是句中单词unlike可以提示我们Gregarious和后面的词unsociable person是对比关系。分析出这种关系后，我们便能猜出意为Gregarious是“爱交际的”。
猜词方法六、根据常识性线索猜测题义
这是指根据篇章(句子或段落)以外的其他知识来猜测词义。有时仅靠分析篇章内在逻辑关系无法猜出词义。这时，就需要运用生活经验和普通常识确定词义。例如：The cat came quickly through the grass towards the birds ,when it was just a few from the feet from the victim, it gather its legs under itself and pounced.如果pounce 是生词。推测该词我们可以凭借我们的常识，我们知道当猫看到鸟时，通常它会先把爪子收起来，然后再突然向小鸟发起进攻。由此可以推断pounce一词的意思是“突然攻击”。
再如It's really cold out tonight. My hands are practically numb. 根据生活经验，天气寒冷时，手肯定是numb “冻僵的，冻得麻木的”。
猜词方法七、利用构词法猜测词义
此法包括利用前、后缀及合成词猜测词义。
7.1前、后缀猜测词义
英语中的前缀、后缀构词颇多，且特定的"缀"往往表示特定的含义，把握住这一点，可起到"以不变应万变"的效果。例如He had been overworking and fell ill at last. overwork是由前缀over-加动词构成，over有"超过，过于"之意，overwork意思是"工作过多，劳累过度"。再如，overburden负担过重，overcharge要价过高，overdo做得过分。英语中常用的前缀还有：mis-错，误：misfortune不幸;mislead误导;mismanage处理不当mid-中央：midnight半夜;midway半路under-低于：underdone半生不熟的;underestimate 低估;anti-反对：antibody抗体;anticyclone反气旋;antifreeze防冻剂。还有一些后缀派生词：例如1)You must stop dreaming and face reality.(-ty为名词的标志); 2)The country is trying to popularize ecation. (-ize为及物动词的标志，再如realize, modernize)。
7.2利用合成词猜测词义
Family members take turns choosing a special activity for the evening, and everyone partakes in for fun. 根据短语构成及上下文意思看，此处partakes in相当于takes part in。再如break out-outbreak(名词"爆发")，set out-outset(名词"起始")，come in-income(名词“收入”)。
;Ⅱ 考研英语中猜词题怎样解答
考研英语阅读中的大致有四类猜词题： 1)猜某个单词的意思，这个单位可能是超纲的词汇，还有可能是一个熟悉单词的不熟悉用法; 2)某个短语的意思，也可能包含了某个超纲的词汇,或者是一个熟悉单词的特殊搭配; 3)猜某个句子的含义，这个句子的结构一般不会太复杂，不会是长难句，但是其中可能包含了一些超纲的词汇或特殊短语、习语、典故、成语等，还有可能是引自文中某个的话; 4)还要猜某个词语的指代含义如it, this, that, which, these, those等，例如： The word “mania” (line 4, paragraph 2) most probably means______. The word “bummer” (line 5, paragraph 2)most probably means_____ . The phrase “making the biggest splash”(line 1,paragraph)means_____. 这部分的解题关键是单词并不重要，重要的是上下文，单词认识，并且不超纲的话，它的字面意思就绝对不是正确的答案，正确答案可以根据上下文推出的更深层的含义。 而正确选项的特点是在文章中能找出这样的选项的同义词、近义词、反义词、原词、概括词或其解释说明等。其干扰选项的特点就是取字面意思和无中生有。 1)可以用定义猜测如anthropology,is the scientific study of the man.2.利用复述，一般2个逗号之间的or后面的叫做复述;3.举例子。 2)通过强对比(反义)关系进行猜测;通过同义(并列)猜测词义;通过因果猜测。 3)利用外部相关的因素进行猜测：通过词根词缀;通过复合词的各部分猜测以及生活常识进行猜测。
Ⅲ 英语阅读中的猜词技巧
英语阅读中的猜词技巧
在英语阅读中，我们自然会遇到许多生词。下面是我分享的英语阅读中的猜词技巧，欢迎大家阅读！
一、针对性解释
针对性解释是作者为了更好地表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或词汇等所作的解释。这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性，利用它们猜词义比较容易。
1.根据定义猜测词义
如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义，理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。例如：
Anthropology is the scientific study of man.
由定义可知，anthropology就是“研究人类的科学”。
In slang the term “jam” constitutes a state of being in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation.
同样，从上下文的定义可知jam一词在俚语中的意思是“困境”。
定义句的谓语动词多为：be，mean，deal with，be considered，to be，refer to，be called，be known as，define，represent，signify，constitute等。
2.根据复述猜测词义
虽然复述不如定义那样严谨、详细，但是提供的`信息足以使阅读者猜出生词词义。复述部分可以是适当词、短语或是从句。
同位语，例如：
Semantics，the study of the meaning of words，is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.
此例逗号中短语意为“对词意义进行研究的学科”。该短语与前面生词semantics是同位关系，因此我们不难猜出semantics指“语义学”。
在复述中构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号、引号和括号等。
二、内在逻辑关系
根据内在逻辑关系推测词义是指运用语言知识分析和判断相关信息之间存在的逻辑关系，然后根据逻辑关系推断生词词义或大致义域。
1.根据对比关系猜测词义
在一个句子或段落中，有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以根据生词或难词的反义词猜测其词义。例如：
Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know.His brother，in contrast，is quite humble and modest.
该例中supercilious对许多人来说可能是个生词，但是句中短语in contrast（相对照的，相对比的）提示我们supercilious和后面词组humble and modest（谦卑又谦虚）是对比关系。分析出这种关系后，我们便能猜出supercilious意为“目空一切的，傲慢的”。
2.根据比较关系猜测词义
同对比关系相反，比较关系表示意义上的相似关系，例如：
Green loves to talk，and his brothers are similarly loquacious.
该句中副词similarly表明短语loves to talk与生词loquacious之间的比较关系，以此可以推断出loquacious词义为“健谈的”。
表示比较关系的词和短语主要是similarly，like，just as，also等。
3.根据因果关系猜测词义
在句子或段落中，若两个事物、现象之间构成因果关系，我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推知生词词义。例如：
Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others.
根据原因状语从句的内容，我们可以推断出生词autocratic指“独断专行的”。
There were so many demonstrort in the Red Square that he had to elbow his way through the crowd.
此句为结果状语从句，根据从句的描述“许多者”，我们便可推知elbow的词义为“挤、挤过”。
三、外部相关因素
外部相关因素是指篇章（句子或段落）以外的其他知识。有时仅靠分析篇章内在逻辑关系无法猜出词义。这时，就需要运用生活经验和普通常识确定词义。例如：
Husband ：It’s really cold out tonight.
Wife：Sure it is.My hands are practically numb.How about lighting the furnace?
根据生活经验，天气寒冷时，手肯定是“冻僵的，冻得麻木的”。
The snake slithered through the grass.
根据有关蛇的生活习性的知识，我们可以推断出slither词义为“爬行”。
综上所述，利用各种已知信息推测、判断词义是一项重要的阅读技巧。在实践中，我们可以灵活运用上面提到的几种猜测技巧，排除生词的障碍，顺利理解文章想内容，提高阅读速度和阅读的准确性。
;Ⅳ 如何培养学生在英语阅读中的猜词能力
一、阅读能力和猜词能力
阅读理解能力是语言综合能力的一种，以阅读速度和阅读准确性两个方面为主要表现。阅读速度细化为对词义的掌握、分辨词汇的能力、辨认词语时的目光幅度及其他因素。阅读的准确性是检验阅读能力的指标，是判断阅读能力高低的标准。无论是阅读速度还是阅读准确性都受到词汇量的制衡。但是在同等词汇量的情况下，猜词能力强的学生可以较为顺利的完成阅读任务。反之不会猜词，遇到生词就习惯看单词表查字典的学生不能完成阅读理解。由此可见，猜词能力的高低直接影响了阅读速度和阅读准确性，想要收获很好的阅读效果，猜词能力必不可少。因此，猜词能力的培养是英语阅读训练中的一个目标。
二、猜词能力的培养
猜词能力的培养是一个日积月累的过程。它教学活动双方共同努力完成。作为教学活动组织者的教师精心组织教学活动，安排学生在没有字典没有生词表的前提下，启动“猜”的训练模式。这种训练可以是专项，也可以是在讲授语言点或新词的例句中，利用学生先前熟悉的词汇和句型营建的语言环境，根据此语言环境来猜测词意。作为教学活动中的另一方，学生应开动脑筋，汲取综合句中的其它信息，运用联想、推断甚至排除的手法，力求准确猜出词意。这样的单词学习脱离了单向传授的枯燥，既培养了学生的动脑能力，也系统复习了相似的单词、短语或句型。更的是，这样会使学生很有成就感，为自己猜对了词意自豪，今后的学习会更积极主动。猜词能力的培养过程其实是一个“授之以渔”的过程。在这个过程中， 教师和学生面对的阅读理解按类型来分可谓种类繁杂，但也有规律和技巧可循。把这些技巧和规律总称为猜词技巧。掌握这些技巧，无疑能够取得事半功倍的效果。
Ⅳ 猜词法在英语阅读理解中的运用
猜词法在英语阅读理解中的运用有：举例法、情景法、构词法。
1、举例法。
有些生词的后面，会列举一些实例。此外，如果还有一些对比作为补充的话，就比较容易推断出这个生词的意思。例：Some trains carries cargo、such as rice、oil and military supplies（军用物资）、while others carries only passengers.
解析：cargo对大多考生来说，都是一个生词。如果根据后面表示举例的短语such as，以及所列举的一系列货物，而且，句中有一个while表对比，说明cargo和passengers是对应关系。因此可以猜测出cargo的意思应该是“货物”。
解析：可以运用构词法猜测出unwisely的意思。wise是学过的词，意思是“明智的”，加上后缀ly变成副词wisely，“明智地”，再加上否定前缀un构成其反义词unwisely，“不明智地”。同时，通过while，知道judiciously和unwisely是一对反义词，从而可以利用反义词法，进一步猜测出judiciously的意思为“明智地”。
Ⅵ 如何提高英语考试阅读题的猜词技巧(3)
八、语境线索或上下文
即利用语境来推测生词含义的方法。这是我们用来推测词义的主要方法之一。
例一：The days of elderly women doing nothing but cooking huge meals on holidays are gone. Enter the Red Hat Society—a group holding the belief that old ladies should have fun.
“My grandmothers did not do anything, but keep house and serve everybody, they were programmed to do that,” said Emily Cornette, head of a chapter of the 7-year-old Red Hat Society.
根据上下文我们可以很容易得出chapter的词义为这个组织the Red Hat Society的一个分支。
例二：As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency ( 一贯性 )is very important teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality ( 道德 ). Also, parents should realize that “example is better than precept”. If they are not sincere and don’t practice what they preach ( teach ), their children may grow confused, and emotionally insecure ( 不稳定 )when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled.
根据上下文我们可知precept的词义为“说教”。
例三：Here are some simple ways to beat the stress often caused by our inventions!
Don’t be available all the time. Turn off your mobile phone at certain times of the day. Don’t check your e-mail every day. Don’t reply to somebody as soon as they leave a text message just because you can. It may be fun at first, but it soon gets annoying.
根据语境我们知道available的词义为“可与之交谈的”或“有空的”。
例四：We found that bar at last. I didn’t have to ask again, for there it was in big letters over the window—Star Bar. There were some iron tables outside with plastic chairs around them. A few people sat listlessly around, looking at a portable television set that someone had brought out of the bar. They were all in thin summer dresses or short sleeved-shirts; even at that late hour it was stifling. Two thin dogs lay under one of the tables with their tongues out, and some of the women were fanning themselves unenthusiastically (无精打采的) with magazines.
根据语境我们猜出stifling的词义为“极热的”。
九、标点符号的暗示
例一：The days of elderly women doing nothing but cooking huge meals on holidays are gone. Enter the Red Hat Society—a group holding the belief that old ladies should have fun.
破折号后面的部分对the Red Hat Society作了解释，是“一个认为老年人应该有自己乐趣的团体”。
例二：The largest player—Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental Center offers a wide variety of choices—deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches. Santana sedans are the big favorite.
第二个破折号后面的deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches应该指的是汽车的品牌或种类。
十、同义词的替代关系
例句：Although he often had the opportunity, Mr. Tritt was never able to steal money from a customer. This would have endangered his position at the bank, and he didn’t want to jeopardize his future.
为避免重复使用endanger一词， 用同义词jeopardize来替代它, 我们推知jeopardize词义为“使陷入危险，危及，危害”。
十一、利用主系表结构来猜词
主系表结构的句子有两种功能：一是说明主语的形状和特征;二是主语和表语是同位关系。
例一：To malign is to slander an innocent person.
表语意为“诽谤无辜的人”， 那样主语就是“中伤，诽谤”的意思。
例二：Insomnia is the inability of falling asleep or sleeping restlessly.
表语意为“睡不着”，主语Insomnia无疑就是“失眠”了。
十二、生活常识
根据日常生活中的常识和相关的背景知识，大胆想象，合理发挥，推测出生词的含义。
例一：Warm-blooded desert animals, such as rats and mice, rest ring the day, often staying in cool underground burrows.
根据常识我们知道鼠类一般藏在洞里，因此生词burrows的意思为“地洞，洞穴”。
例二：The snake slithered through the grass.
根据有关蛇的生活习性的知识，我们可以推测出slithered的词义为“爬行”。
十三、构词法
英语词汇的构词法主要有三种：派生，合成，转化构词。
我们主要利用派生构词来推断生词的含义。
词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根的前面或后面加上词缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。一般来说，前缀改变词根的意思;后缀改变词性。
常见的前缀有：super- 超……
mini- 小型的……
re- 再，又……
post- 后
pre- 前
fore- 前
under- 下
后缀有：
-ment 名词的后缀
-less 不，无
-proof 防……的
例句：Remember that people on line may not be who they seem. Because you can’t see or even hear the person, it would be easy for someone to misrepresent himself/herself. Thus someone says “She is a 12-year-old girl ”could really be an old man.
根据语境和misrepresent的构词方式， 前缀mis-的意思是“误，错-的”，词根represent的意思是“表达，展示”之意, 合在一起我们知道misrepresent的词义为“误述，歪曲”。
十四、文中代词指代的推测
高考题年年考查对文中代词实际指代的对象。一般来说它实际指代的对象在含有代词的句子前半部分或前一句话。我们把它叫做“前指”。
例一：Demands for pigeon-delivered money stopped at noon as the press rported the story. And even if they start again, Chen holds little hope of catching the criminal.”We have more important things to do,” he said.
根据我们上面讲到的，they应该指上一句中的Demands for pigeon-delivered money。
例二：The book contained a large number of clues to help readers find the hare, but Williams put in a lot of “red herrings”, or false clues, to mislead them.
根据语境them.指代上文的readers。
虽然掌握一些猜词技巧能帮助我们猜测词义，但是我们不能只依靠这些。最重要的还是掌握全篇文。
Ⅶ 高考英语阅读理解九大猜词技巧
高考英语阅读理解九大猜词技巧
马上就要高考了，我整理了一些比较有针对性的高考英语复习技巧资料给大家参考，希望可以帮助同学们提高自身综合英语能力，战胜高考。
高考英语阅读理解九大猜词技巧
一、利用定义或解释(definition or explanation)
Signal words: means, refers to, be called, beknown as ,can be defined as, in other words,that is, that is to say, 定语从句…..etc.
举例：
Pruning is important because it encourages thegrowth of tender shoots(嫩芽), or young leaves oftrees.(B)
The word "pruning" means______
A. Regular cutting(修剪) of the plants
B. Frequent watering
C. Regular use of chemicals
D. Growing the plants high in the mountain
二、利用普通常识和经验(common sense or experience)
举例：
1. In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today.
"ocelot" means _________________(an endangered wild cat)
2.The period of adolescence, the period between childhood and althood ,may be long orshort.
"adolescence" means___________(The period between childhood and althood)
三、利用同义/同位语(similarity/appositive)
Signal words：for example ，for instance，such as ，like，as---as，etc.
举例：
The largest player – Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Center offers a wide variety of choices,such as deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches. Santana sedans are the big favoriteof the tourists. (C)
The words "deluxe sedans," "minivans" and "station wagons" used in the text refer to ____.
A. cars in the making B. car rental firms C. cars for rent D. car makers
四、利用举例(from examples)
Signal words: as, like, the same as，unlike,but，however, on the contrary, while,instead…ect.
举例：
1. The snow was falling.Big flakes drifted(飘)with the wind like feathers.
2. Unlike her gregarious sister, Jane is a shyperson who does not like to go to parties or makenew friends.
五、利用比较或对比(comparison or contrast)
(1)Overwork may cause diseases.
over(过分的、过量的)+work=overwork“工作过度”。
(2)There was a dissatisfied look in the manager's eyes.
dis “不” + satisfied“满意的=dissatisfied “不满意的”。
六、利用构词法(Word formation)：前缀、后缀、复合、派生等
举例：
1. Is he intelligent or stupid?
2. Most women in Ghana--- the ecated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the youngand old--- work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives andmothers. Their reputation for economic independence, self-reliance, and hard work is wellknown and well deserved.(C)
The underlined word "illiterate" in the passage means ____.
A. Repeated B. reiterated. C. unecated D. sick
七、利用同义词或反义词(Synonym or Antonym)
举例：
Signal words:because，since ,so, such......that,so......that, ect
I feel that since you are my superior(上司), it would be presumptuous of me to tell youwhat to do .(B)
The word "presumptuous" is closest in meaning to "____" .
A.full of respect B. rude and too confident
C.lacking in experience D.too shy and quiet
八、利用原因与结果关系猜词(from Cause and Result)
The official asked the man what his occupation was. The man told him that he worked asan engineer.(A)
A. work B. study C. name D. interest
九、利用上下文的`语境(context or related information)
更多练习：
1. A good teacher works in quite a different way.His audience take an active part in his play: they askand answer questions, they obey orders, and if theydon't understand something, they say so.
The word "audience" in the paragraph means____.
A. students
B. people who watch a play
C. people who act on the stage
D. people who listen to something
答案：A
解题关键：常识 teacher-----students
2. When some kind of pain killer(止痛药) was brought out recently, researchers found thatthe colours turned the customers off because they made the proct look weak andineffective(无效的).
Ⅷ 高考英语阅读理解:高考英语阅读理解九大猜词技巧
《高考英语阅读理解九大猜词技巧》由liuxue86.com我整理。本内容整理时间为05月12日，如有任何问题请联系我们。 1.利用定义或解察指庆释(definition or explanation)
Signal words: means, refers to, be called, be known as ,can be defined as, in other words,that is , that is to say, 定语从句…..etc.
举例：
Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots(嫩芽）, or young leaves of trees.(B)
The word “pruning” means______
A. Regular cutting（修剪） of the plants
B. Frequent watering
C. Regular use of chemicals
D. Growing the plants high in the mountain
2.利用普通常识和经验(common sense or experience)
举例败握：
1. In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today．
“ocelot” means _________________(an endangered wild cat)
2.The period of adolescence, the period between childhood and althood ,may be long or short.
“adolescence” means___________(The period between childhood and althood)
3.利用同义/同位语(similarity/appositive)
Signal words：for example ，for instance，such as ，like，as---as，etc.
举例：
The largest player – Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Center offers a wide variety of choices, such as deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches. Santana sedans are the big favorite of the tourists. (C)
The words “deluxe sedans,” “minivans” and “station wagons” used in the text refer to ____.
A. cars in the making B. car rental firms C. cars for rent D. car makers
4.利用举例(from examples)
Signal words: as, like, the same as，unlike, but，however, on the contrary, while,instead…逗搏ect.
举例：
1. The snow was falling.Big flakes drifted(飘） with the wind like feathers.
2. Unlike her gregarious sister, Jane is a shy person who does not like to go to parties or make new friends.
5.利用比较或对比(comparison or contrast)
(1)Overwork may cause diseases.
over（过分的、过量的）＋work＝overwork“工作过度”。
(2)There was a dissatisfied look in the manager's eyes.
dis “不” + satisfied“满意的=dissatisfied “不满意的”。
6.利用构词法(Word formation)：前缀、后缀、复合、派生等
举例：
1. Is he intelligent or stupid?
2. Most women in Ghana--- the ecated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young and old--- work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers. Their reputation for economic independence, self-reliance, and hard work is well known and well deserved.(C)
The underlined word “illiterate” in the passage means ____.
A. Repeated B. reiterated. C unecated D. sick
7.利用同义词或反义词(Synonym or Antonym)
举例：
Signal words:because，since ,so, such…that,so…that, ect
I feel that since you are my superior（上司）, it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do .”(B)
The word “presumptuous” is closest in meaning to “____” .
A．full of respect B． rude and too confident
C．lacking in experience D．too shy and quiet
8.利用原因与结果关系猜词(from Cause and Result)
The official asked the man what his occupation was. The man told him that he worked as an engineer.(A)
A. work B. study C. name D. interest
9.利用上下文的语境(context or related information)
更多练习：
1. A good teacher works in quite a different way. His audience take an active part in his play: they ask and answer questions, they obey orders, and if they don’t understand something, they say so.
The word “audience” in the paragraph means ____.
A. students
B. people who watch a play
C. people who act on the stage
D. people who listen to something
答案：A
解题关键：常识 teacher-----students
2. When some kind of pain killer(止痛药） was brought out recently, researchers found that the colours turned the customers off because they made the proct look weak and ineffective（无效的）.
The underlined part “the colours turned the customers off” means that the colours_______
Attracted the customers strongly
Had weak effects on the customers
Tricked the customers into shopping
Caused the customers to lose interest
答案：D
解题关键：因果关系 because
3. Collins decided that she must go, although the hazards of the trip were many, for example, the unbearable heat , the possibility of getting lost , the presence of wild animals and poisonous snakes .
“hazard” means ___________________
A. pleasure, B. problem, C. danger, D. attraction
答案：C
解题关键：举例for example
4. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society
The underlined phrase “the most vocal” means______
A. Those who try their best to win
B. Those who value competition most highly
C.Those who are against competition most strongly
D. Those who rely on others most for success
答案：C
解题关键：上下文语境 context or related information
5.Without examinations, employers will look for employees from the highly respected schools and from families known to them－a form of favoritism will replace equality.
The word “favoritism" is used to describe the phenomenon that ________.
A. bright children also need certificates to get satisfying jobs
B. children from well-respected schools tend to have good jobs
C. poor children with certificates are favored in job markets
D. children attending ordinary schools achieve great success
答案：B
解题关键：破折号（定义或同位语）
6. Grown-ups also have a sense of object permanence. That is to say, if we put a box in a room and lock the door, the box will still be there when we come back.
“Object permanence” means that when out of sight, an object ______
A. Still exists B. keeps its shape
C. Still stays solid D. is beyond reach
答案：A
解题关键：
1.定义：definition that is to say也就是说
2.构词法：permanent—permanence
7. A child's birthday party doesn't have to be a hassle; instead, it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months.
What does the underlined word "hassle“ probably mean?
A. a party designed by specialists
B. a plan requiring careful thought
C. a situation causing difficulty or trouble
D. a demand made by guests
答案：C
解题关键：比较comparison(instead—相反,反而)
8. William Shakespeare said. “The web of our life is of a mingled yarn（纱线），good and ill together.”
The underlined word “mingled” most probably means? ? .
A．simple????B．mixed????C．sad???D．happy
答案：B
解题关键：definition or explanation 定义或解释猜测词义
9. The house looked quite normal outside, but inside it was very exotic with fascinating objects on display. As he began putting them into his bag, a god came into the room. It stopped when it saw Buster, then wagged its tail madly and went over to him, licking his outstretched hand. “Good boy,” Buster whispered. “What a great guard dog you are --- trying to lick me to death.”
Which of the definitions is closest in meaning to the word “exotic” ?
A Messy and untidy.
B. Rich and expensive.
C. Comfortable and calming
D. Unusual and foreign.
答案：D
解题关键：对比contrast，normal—but---unusual
10. Lions are opportunists. They prefer to eat without having to do too much work. When resting in the shade, they are also watching the sky to see what is flying by, and even in the heat of the day they will suddenly start up and run a mile across the plains to find out what is going on. If another animal has made a kill, they will drive it off and take the kill for themselves.
By describing lions as “opportunists”, the author means to say that lions ____.
A. are cruel animals
B. are clever animals
C. Like to take advantage of（利用） other animals
D. Like to take every chance to eat
答案：C
解题关键：构词法及下文解释opportunity---ist
Ⅸ 英语阅读理解解题技巧：猜词
1 通过因果关系猜词
通过因果关系猜词，首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。有时文章借助关或掘判联词表示前因后果。例如：
You shouldn’t have blamed him for that，for it wasn’t his fault.通过for引出的句子所表示的原因，可猜出blame的词义是"责备"。
2.通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词
通过同义词猜词，一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组，如happy and *，即使我们不认识*这个词，也可以知道它是愉快的意思;二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词，如Man has known something about the planets Venus，Mars，and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.此句中的Venus、Mars、Jupiter均为生词，但只要知道planets就可猜出这几个词都属于"行星"这一义域。通过反义词猜词，一是看表转折关系的连词或副词，如but，while，however等;二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语，如：He is so homely，not at all as handsome as his brother.根据not at all...handsome我们不难推测出homely的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。
3.通衫改过构词法猜词
在阅读文章时，我们总会遇上一些新词汇，有时很难根据上下文来推断其词意，而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用，此时，如掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等语法知识，这些问题便不难解决了。
4.通过定义或释义关系来推测词义
例如：But sometimes，no rain falls for a long，long time.Then there is a dry period，or drought.
从drought所在句子的上文我们得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的时期，即drought，由此可见drought意思为"久旱"，"旱灾"。而a dry period和drought是同义语。这种同义或释义关系常由is，or，that is，in other words，be called或破折号等来表示。
5.通过句法功能来推测词义
例如：Bananas，oranges，pineapples，coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生词，我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大致的意思。从句中不难看出pineapples，coconuts和bananas，oranges是同类关系，同属fruit类，因此它们是两样水果，准确地说，是菠萝和椰子。
6.通过描述猜词
描述即作者为帮助读者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物作出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写。例如：The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole.It is fat and walks in a funny way.Although it cannot fly，it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.从例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类。后面更散枣详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。