英语阅读信息选择正确答案
初中英语阅读理解训练及答案解析
阅读理解在英语考试中占据很大比重,同时涉及的知识点很多,这就导致得分率相对其他题型低。为了帮助大家，我分享了一些初中阅读理解，希望能对大家有所帮助!
阅读理解【1】
My friend Matt and I arrived at the Activity Centre on Friday evening. The accommodation wasn't wonderful，but we had everything we needed (beds，blankets，food)，and we were pleased to be out of the city and in the fresh air.
On Saturday morning we met the other ten members of our group. Cameron had come along with two friends，Kevin and Simon，while sisters Carole and Lynn had come with Amanda. There were some other members I didn't know. We had come from different places and none of us knew the area.
We knew we were going to spend the weekend outdoors，but none of us was sure exactly how. Half of us spent the morning caving while the others went rock-climbing and then we changed at lunchtime. Matt and I went to the caves(岩洞) first. Climbing out was harder than going in，but after a good deal of pushing， we were out at last. Though we were covered with mud，we were pleased and excited by what we'd done.
根据短文内容，选择正确答案。
1. The writer spent the Saturday morning _____.
A. rock-climbing
B. sleeping
C. meeting friends
D. caving
2. There were _____ members in all in the writer's group.
A. 6 B. 8 C. l0 D. 12
3. We can learn from the passage that _____.
A. some of the group had been there before
B. the group had done rock-climbing many times
C. some of the group already knew each other
D. group all came from the same city
4. The write thought her weekend was _____.
A. interesting B. relaxing
C. frightening D. unpleasant
5. This passage mainly talks about ____.
A. the writer's friends at the Activity Centre
B. the writer's experience at the Activity Centre
C. outdoor sports at the Activity Centre
D. how to go rock-climbing and caving
答案及解析：
1. 选D，根据文中说明Half of us spent the morning caving while the others went rock-climbing. Matt and I went to the caves(岩洞) first.可以判断出应该选择D。
2. 选D，Matt and I 还有the other ten members。
3. 选C，A. B. D.均可以从文中找到证据证明其是不正确的。我们知道Cameron had come along with two friends，可以知道C项是正确的。
4. 选A。
5. 选B，总揽全文，可以知道B项为最佳答案。
阅读理解【2】
As many as 10 of the 17 kinds of penguins(企鹅)may be in danger of disappearing. The number of penguins have decreased(减少) by 30% since 1987.
Penguins are black and white birds that live in the southern part of the world. They are common in South America，New Zealand，Australia and South Africa. Mary live near cold waters. But some live near warm waters in Galapagos Islands. Penguins cannot fly，but they are fine swimmers. Penguins eat fish and krill(磷虾).
The warming of the earth is the decrease in penguin populations. The heating of the air has caused ocean waters to become warmer. Higher water temperatures have reced the supply of fish and krill. Some years later these birds are completely unable to reproce(繁殖). Besides，many alt penguins die of hunger.
Widespread(广泛的) fishing，exploration for oil and oil leaks(漏) also make penguins be in danger. Poisonous organisms(生物) in ocean water are another danger. Penguins also have their enemies，including wild dogs，sharks，seals and sea lions.
News about penguins is not all bad，however. Several years ago，oil leaking from a ship hurt 40% of the penguins in South Africa. The penguins became covered with oil. But thousands of people helped clean and treat the birds well. Then they returned the penguins to the wild. Now these South African penguins are reprocing in higher numbers than before the oil leaking.
根据短文内容，选择正确答案。
1. Penguins ___________.
A. can swim better than fly
B. can be found near Oceania (大洋洲)
C. eat fish only
D. live only in cold waters.
2. Which of the following is NOT the cause of penguin's decrease in numbers?
A. Oil searching. B. Widespread fishing.
C. Human's killing. D. Warming of the oceans.
3. Why are the penguins in South Africa reprocing in higher numbers than before the oil leaking?
A. Because people removed the ship.
B. Because people sent a lot of penguins to the wild.
C. Because people helped the penguins.
D. Because people treated the penguins well.
答案及解析：
1. 选B，我们知道企鹅不会飞，因此A不正确，除了吃鱼，他还吃磷虾，因此C不正确。只能选B。
2. 选C，本文中并没有说人类是如何捕杀企鹅，相反，人类对企鹅的'态度相当友好。
3. 选C，根据文章可以判断是由于人类的帮助。
阅读理解【3】
Hundreds of years ago，a Roman army came north from England to make war on Scotland. The Scots，a brave people，loved their country very much. They fought hard to drive the enemy out of Scotland，but there were too many Romans. It looked as if the Romans would win.
One night，the leader of Scots marched his soldiers to the top of a hill. "We will rest here tonight，my men,"he said. "Tomorrow we will fight one more battle. We must win or we will die."
They were all very tired，so they ate their supper quickly and fell asleep. There were four guards on ty，but they，too，were very tired，and one by one，also fell asleep.
The Romans were not asleep. Quickly they gathered at the foot of the hill. Slowly they climbed up the hillside，taking care not to make a sound. Closer and closer they came to the sleeping Scots. They were almost at the top. A few minutes more，the war would be over. Suddenly，one of them put his foot on a thistle(蓟). He cried out and his sudden cry woke the Scots. In a moment，they were on their feet and ready for battle. The fighting was hard but it did not last long. The Scots wiped out the Romans and saved their country.
The thistle is not a beautiful plant. It has sharp needles all over it. Few people like it. But the people of Scotland liked it so much that they made it their national flower.
根据短文内容，选择正确答案。
1. Hundreds of years ago there was a war between ________.
A. Roman army and North England
B. Roman army and the Scots
C. England and Scots
D. a brave people and the Scots
2. At first it looked as if the Romans would win because ________.
A. the Scots were not brave
B. the Roman army was so strong
C. the Scots did not have a good leader
D. the Romans had the support from the Scottish
3. "We must win or we will die."What the leader of the Scots said means ________.
A. they were sure to win
B. they couldn't escape from death
C. they would win and then they would die
D. they must try hard to win， otherwise they would be killed
4. The Romans climbed up the hill quietly because ________.
A. they didn't want to wake the Scots
B. they wanted to reach the top
C. they wanted to catch the four guards first
D. they were afraid of the sharp needles of the thistle
5. The people of Scotland made thistle their national flower because ________.
A. it is a beautiful plant
B. it is fresh and lovely
C. it had so many sharp needles all over it
D. it was the thistle that helped the Scots to win the battle
答案及解析：
1.选B，文中很明显的指出，这场战争是Roman army和the Scots之间的。
2.选B，They fought hard to drive the enemy out of Scotland，but there were too many Romans. It looked as if the Romans would win. 是因为Romans太强大。因此选B。
3.选D，"We must win or we will die."的意思是"我们必须胜利，否则我们会死掉"，因此选D。
4.选A，the Romans悄悄爬山的原因是不想吵醒the Scots，以便偷袭。
5.选D，根据文中大意，可得出正确答案。
;2. 高考英语阅读理解的解题技巧
英语阅读理解题的难度在不断增大,考生们也大多知难而进，在英语试卷中，阅读理解在分数上占到大部分，所以起到至关重要的作用。如果阅读理解没有做好，那么就很难在考试中取得高分。既然阅读理解如此重要，如何提高阅读理解的解题速度和解题正确率就成为一个非常现实的话题了，具体从四个步骤来展开：
第一步：通读全文，把握文章大意
拿到阅读篇章，第一步就是要求通读全文，力争把握文章体裁和脉络，做到能够回答when(故事发生的时间)、where(故事发生的地点)、who(文章的主人公)和what(文章讲述了什么事情)等问题。
第二步：细读题干，查寻转换内容
把握文章大意后，必须把注意力集中到文章题目上来，对于题干内容，必须要提炼出最能够说明问题的词、词组或者句型，然后再在这个基础上从文章中找出同义词、词组或者句型，这一遍带着目的读文章必须是字斟句酌、非常仔细。
第三步：扫读语块，搜索有效信息
刚才我们已经在文章中找到了与题干吻合的单词、词组或者句型，在这个吻合单词、词组或者句型周围扫描，力争找到能够说明问题，帮助选择正确答案的信息。
第四步：查读题项，定位正确答案
在第三步搜索到有效信息的基础上，进入了最后的攻坚阶段，即临门一脚、找出正确答案的阶段，在这一阶段，有时会发现问题解决起来就不难了：）~
一些方法详细的可以看这里：）~~
3. 考研英语：阅读理解怎样快速找答案
考研英语阅读不仅需要大量的词汇量，更需从答案着手，“慧眼识珠”，消除干扰答案，更加快速高效的做出选择。真题做到现在，小伙伴们是否可以快速识别错误答案，准确选出正确的选项呢?一起看看选项的不同特征吧。
考研英语阅读理解答案10大特征，良心总结！
错误选项篇
错误选项的十大基本特征：
1. 无中生有(出现原文中未提及的概念)
2. 正反混淆(选项的意思跟原文的意思相反)
3. 答非所问(选项符合原文，但是不符合题干)
4. 扩大范围(注意隐蔽型的扩大范围mostly/mainly/generally)
5. 因果倒置
6. 常识判断(符合常识的不一定是正确答案，但是不符合常识的一定不是正确答案)
7. 过分绝对。(never/must/no等+名词，若有缓和就不是错误的)
8. 推理过远
9. 变换词性
10.偷换概念
提醒：前六种相对容易判断，后四种要利用文章的逻辑关系才可判断出来。
错误选项的内容来源：
1. 文中不同内容的嫁接
2. 文中内容的篡改
3. 文中相关内容的杜撰
4. 对文中提到的内容范围进行放大或缩小处理
5. 断章取义
6. 因果关系倒置
7. 相似但不同性质词语的替换(最具迷惑性，如把“in sympathy with赞同”替换成了“show sympathy for同情”;把“live with忍受”替换成了“enjoy享受”)
提醒：照抄原文不一定是答案，近义词替换有可能是。
正确选项篇
正确答案的特征
(一)正确选项的五大基本特征：
1、出现的位置：段首段尾处、转折关系处、让步关系处、因果关系处、条件关系处;
2. 正确答案通常与文章中心思想，主旨大意，作者对文中论述事物所持的观点态度有关。注意：这是解题基调，如果作者在文中对整个事物是持积极正面的评价，那么选项中出现消极反面的，与事实相反的肯定不是解。
3、正确答案涉及的方式：原文信息的同义改写、归纳总结或原文中心的归纳或原文信息的正话反说或反话正说;
4. 正确答案从语义上去理解经常含有不肯定的语气词和委婉表达的词：can may might, possible, not necessarily, some尤其是推理题的答案常这样设置，以显示推理题所论述含义的相对性。
5. 正确答案具有概括性(考察考生的理解归纳能力)，深刻性，因为其考查的对象是阅读文章的重点和要点。
(二)补充特征：
1. 难的最可能是答案，这与命题动机有些相似，难的比容易的更能考察考生对语言的理解能力，具体体现在下面几个方面：
(1)否定的比肯定的难，否定的是答案(包括否定，双重和多重否定)。
(2)抽象的比具体的难，抽象深刻的是答案，具体肤浅的不是。
(3)动态变化的比静态的难，动态变化的是答案。
(4)未知难于已知，未知的是答案。
2.正面积极、符合逻辑的是答案，内容负面消极、不合逻辑的不是答案。(研究生入学考试作为国内较高层次的考试，相信没人会冒天下之大不韪，引导考生走向歧途，因此，积极的、与客观真理相符合的是答案)。
3. 常规的不是答案，观点新且合理的是答案。
4. 含义与文章内容方向一致的，描述客观的是答案。
5. 选项含义丰富有弹性的是答案，绝对的无端的不是答案如：有条件的是答案，相对的是答案。
提醒：四个选项中有两项意思相反时，其中必有一个是答案。
在最后的冲刺阶段，考生们一定要找准方法，得高分才是最重要的!
4. 英语阅读时明明文章全都看懂了，为什么选择出来的答案正确率仍旧不高！ 每次都错了一大片的题
我以前做阅读时也经常出现这样的情况，后来逐渐改变对英语阅读的答题方法，专现在好多了。
出现这属样问题的原因在于：我们不能用做汉语阅读的方法来做英语阅读。
英语阅读题通常考的是对某段、某个词语或者对作者attitude的理解，这样，做题时必须紧紧抓住题干，然后根据问题找到文章中对这个问题的说法，千万不能通过自己的个人主观臆断。如果克服了这个问题，相信就可以降低你的错误率了。个人体会，希望可以对你有帮助。
5. 初三英语阅读题
初三英语阅读题
下面是由我为大家整理的初三的英语阅读理解题以及答案解析，有兴趣的朋友不妨来学习一下!
第一篇：
My friend Matt and I arrived at the Activity Centre on Friday evening. The accommodation wasn't wonderful，but we had everything we needed (beds，blankets，food)，and we were pleased to be out of the city and in the fresh air.
On Saturday morning we met the other ten members of our group. Cameron had come along with two friends，Kevin and Simon，while sisters Carole and Lynn had come with Amanda. There were some other members I didn't know. We had come from different places and none of us knew the area.
We knew we were going to spend the weekend outdoors，but none of us was sure exactly how. Half of us spent the morning caving while the others went rock-climbing and then we changed at lunchtime. Matt and I went to the caves(岩洞) first. Climbing out was harder than going in，but after a good deal of pushing， we were out at last. Though we were covered with mud，we were pleased and excited by what we'd done.
根据短文内容，选择正确答案。
1. The writer spent the Saturday morning _____.
A. rock-climbing
B. sleeping
C. meeting friends
D. caving
2. There were _____ members in all in the writer's group.
A. 6 B. 8 C. l0 D. 12
3. We can learn from the passage that _____.
A. some of the group had been there before
B. the group had done rock-climbing many times
C. some of the group already knew each other
D. group all came from the same city
4. The write thought her weekend was _____.
A. interesting B. relaxing
C. frightening D. unpleasant
5. This passage mainly talks about ____.
A. the writer's friends at the Activity Centre
B. the writer's experience at the Activity Centre
C. outdoor sports at the Activity Centre
D. how to go rock-climbing and caving
第二篇：
As many as 10 of the 17 kinds of penguins(企鹅)may be in danger of disappearing. The number of penguins have decreased(减少) by 30% since 1987.
Penguins are black and white birds that live in the southern part of the world. They are common in South America，New Zealand，Australia and South Africa. Mary live near cold waters. But some live near warm waters in Galapagos Islands. Penguins cannot fly，but they are fine swimmers. Penguins eat fish and krill(磷虾).
The warming of the earth is the decrease in penguin populations. The heating of the air has caused ocean waters to become warmer. Higher water temperatures have reced the supply of fish and krill. Some years later these birds are completely unable to reproce(繁殖). Besides，many alt penguins die of hunger.
Widespread(广泛的) fishing，exploration for oil and oil leaks(漏) also make penguins be in danger. Poisonous organisms(生物) in ocean water are another danger. Penguins also have their enemies，including wild dogs，sharks，seals and sea lions.
News about penguins is not all bad，however. Several years ago，oil leaking from a ship hurt 40% of the penguins in South Africa. The penguins became covered with oil. But thousands of people helped clean and treat the birds well. Then they returned the penguins to the wild. Now these South African penguins are reprocing in higher numbers than before the oil leaking.
根据短文内容，选择正确答案。
1. Penguins ___________.
A. can swim better than fly
B. can be found near Oceania (大洋洲)
C. eat fish only
D. live only in cold waters.
2. Which of the following is NOT the cause of penguin's decrease in numbers?
A. Oil searching. B. Widespread fishing.
C. Human's killing. D. Warming of the oceans.
3. Why are the penguins in South Africa reprocing in higher numbers than before the oil leaking?
A. Because people removed the ship.
B. Because people sent a lot of penguins to the wild.
C. Because people helped the penguins.
D. Because people treated the penguins well.
第三篇：
Hundreds of years ago，a Roman army came north from England to make war on Scotland. The Scots，a brave people，loved their country very much. They fought hard to drive the enemy out of Scotland，but there were too many Romans. It looked as if the Romans would win.
One night，the leader of Scots marched his soldiers to the top of a hill. "We will rest here tonight，my men,"he said. "Tomorrow we will fight one more battle. We must win or we will die."
They were all very tired，so they ate their supper quickly and fell asleep. There were four guards on ty，but they，too，were very tired，and one by one，also fell asleep.
The Romans were not asleep. Quickly they gathered at the foot of the hill. Slowly they climbed up the hillside，taking care not to make a sound. Closer and closer they came to the sleeping Scots. They were almost at the top. A few minutes more，the war would be over. Suddenly，one of them put his foot on a thistle(蓟). He cried out and his sudden cry woke the Scots. In a moment，they were on their feet and ready for battle. The fighting was hard but it did not last long. The Scots wiped out the Romans and saved their country.
The thistle is not a beautiful plant. It has sharp needles all over it. Few people like it. But the people of Scotland liked it so much that they made it their national flower.
根据短文内容，选择正确答案。
1. Hundreds of years ago there was a war between ________.
A. Roman army and North England
B. Roman army and the Scots
C. England and Scots
D. a brave people and the Scots
2. At first it looked as if the Romans would win because ________.
A. the Scots were not brave
B. the Roman army was so strong
C. the Scots did not have a good leader
D. the Romans had the support from the Scottish
3. "We must win or we will die."What the leader of the Scots said means ________.
A. they were sure to win
B. they couldn't escape from death
C. they would win and then they would die
D. they must try hard to win， otherwise they would be killed
4. The Romans climbed up the hill quietly because ________.
A. they didn't want to wake the Scots
B. they wanted to reach the top
C. they wanted to catch the four guards first
D. they were afraid of the sharp needles of the thistle
5. The people of Scotland made thistle their national flower because ________.
A. it is a beautiful plant
B. it is fresh and lovely
C. it had so many sharp needles all over it
D. it was the thistle that helped the Scots to win the battle
>>>>>>参考答案<<<<<<
第一篇：答案及解析
1. 选D，根据文中说明Half of us spent the morning caving while the others went rock-climbing. Matt and I went to the caves(岩洞) first.可以判断出应该选择D。
2. 选D，Matt and I 还有the other ten members。
3. 选C，A. B. D.均可以从文中找到证据证明其是不正确的。我们知道Cameron had come along with two friends，可以知道C项是正确的。
4. 选A。
5. 选B，总揽全文，可以知道B项为最佳答案。
第二篇：答案及解析
1. 选B，我们知道企鹅不会飞，因此A不正确，除了吃鱼，他还吃磷虾，因此C不正确。只能选B。
2. 选C，本文中并没有说人类是如何捕杀企鹅，相反，人类对企鹅的态度相当友好。
3. 选C，根据文章可以判断是由于人类的'帮助。
第三篇：答案及解析
1.选B，文中很明显的指出，这场战争是Roman army和the Scots之间的。
2.选B，They fought hard to drive the enemy out of Scotland，but there were too many Romans. It looked as if the Romans would win. 是因为Romans太强大。因此选B。
3.选D，"We must win or we will die."的意思是"我们必须胜利，否则我们会死掉"，因此选D。
4.选A，the Romans悄悄爬山的原因是不想吵醒the Scots，以便偷袭。
5.选D，根据文中大意，可得出正确答案。
;6. 考研英语阅读如何辨别正确及错误选项
阅读错误选项的十大基本特征：前六种相对容易判断，后四种要利用文章的逻辑关系才可判断出来。 1.无中生有 (出现原文中未提及的概念) 2.正反混淆 (选项的意思跟原文的意思相反) 3.答非所问 (选项符合原文，但是不符合题干) 4.扩大范围 (注意隐蔽型的扩大范围mostly/mainly/generally) 5.因果倒置 6.常识判断 (符合常识的不一定是正确答案，但是不符合常识的一定不是正确答案) 7.过分绝对 (never/must/no等+名词，若有缓和就不是错误的) 8.推理过远 9.变换词性 10.偷换概念二、正确选项的五大特征 1.出现的位置：段首段尾处、转折关系处、让步关系处、因果关系处、条件关系处。 2.正确答案通常与文章中心思想，主旨大意，作者对文中论述事物所持的观点态度有关。注意：这是解题基调，如果作者在文中对整个事物是持积极正面的评价，那么选项中出现消极反面的，与事实相反的肯定不是解。 3.正确答案涉及的方式：原文信息的同义改写、归纳总结或原文中心的归纳或原文信息的正话反说或反话正说。 4.正确答案从语义上去理解经常含有不肯定的语气词和委婉表达的词：can, may, might, possible, not necessarily, some尤其是推理题的答案常这样设置，以显示推理题所论述含义的相对性。 5.正确答案具有概括性(考察考生的理解归纳能力)，深刻性，因为其考查的对象是阅读文章的重点和要点。
7. （英语）阅读短文，选择正确答案。
B 冷
A 疲劳
A 感冒 （有点绕，仔细看原文，觉得不是B）
A 看医生
A 喝热水
8. 初三英语阅读理解及答案
初三英语阅读理解及答案
初三完了就是中考了，为了帮助大家，我分享了一些初三英语阅读理解题及答案，欢迎大家阅读!
初三英语阅读理解及答案【1】
As many as 10 of the 17 kinds of penguins(企鹅)may be in danger of disappearing. The number of penguins have decreased(减少) by 30% since 1987.
Penguins are black and white birds that live in the southern part of the world. They are common in South America，New Zealand，Australia and South Africa. Mary live near cold waters. But some live near warm waters in Galapagos Islands. Penguins cannot fly，but they are fine swimmers. Penguins eat fish and krill(磷虾).
The warming of the earth is the decrease in penguin populations. The heating of the air has caused ocean waters to become warmer. Higher water temperatures have reced the supply of fish and krill. Some years later these birds are completely unable to reproce(繁殖). Besides，many alt penguins die of hunger.
Widespread(广泛的) fishing，exploration for oil and oil leaks(漏) also make penguins be in danger. Poisonous organisms(生物) in ocean water are another danger. Penguins also have their enemies，including wild dogs，sharks，seals and sea lions.
News about penguins is not all bad，however. Several years ago，oil leaking from a ship hurt 40% of the penguins in South Africa. The penguins became covered with oil. But thousands of people helped clean and treat the birds well. Then they returned the penguins to the wild. Now these South African penguins are reprocing in higher numbers than before the oil leaking.
根据短文内容，选择正确答案。
1. Penguins ___________.
A. can swim better than fly
B. can be found near Oceania (大洋洲)
C. eat fish only
D. live only in cold waters.
2. Which of the following is NOT the cause of penguin's decrease in numbers?
A. Oil searching. B. Widespread fishing.
C. Human's killing. D. Warming of the oceans.
3. Why are the penguins in South Africa reprocing in higher numbers than before the oil leaking?
A. Because people removed the ship.
B. Because people sent a lot of penguins to the wild.
C. Because people helped the penguins.
D. Because people treated the penguins well.
答案及解析：
1. 选B，我们知道企鹅不会飞，因此A不正确，除了吃鱼，他还吃磷虾，因此C不正确。只能选B。
2. 选C，本文中并没有说人类是如何捕杀企鹅，相反，人类对企鹅的态度相当友好。
3. 选C，根据文章可以判断是由于人类的`帮助。
初三英语阅读理解及答案【2】
My friend Matt and I arrived at the Activity Centre on Friday evening. The accommodation wasn't wonderful，but we had everything we needed (beds，blankets，food)，and we were pleased to be out of the city and in the fresh air.
On Saturday morning we met the other ten members of our group. Cameron had come along with two friends，Kevin and Simon，while sisters Carole and Lynn had come with Amanda. There were some other members I didn't know. We had come from different places and none of us knew the area.
We knew we were going to spend the weekend outdoors，but none of us was sure exactly how. Half of us spent the morning caving while the others went rock-climbing and then we changed at lunchtime. Matt and I went to the caves(岩洞) first. Climbing out was harder than going in，but after a good deal of pushing， we were out at last. Though we were covered with mud，we were pleased and excited by what we'd done.
根据短文内容，选择正确答案。
1. The writer spent the Saturday morning _____.
A. rock-climbing
B. sleeping
C. meeting friends
D. caving
2. There were _____ members in all in the writer's group.
A. 6 B. 8 C. l0 D. 12
3. We can learn from the passage that _____.
A. some of the group had been there before
B. the group had done rock-climbing many times
C. some of the group already knew each other
D. group all came from the same city
4. The write thought her weekend was _____.
A. interesting B. relaxing
C. frightening D. unpleasant
5. This passage mainly talks about ____.
A. the writer's friends at the Activity Centre
B. the writer's experience at the Activity Centre
C. outdoor sports at the Activity Centre
D. how to go rock-climbing and caving
答案及解析：
1. 选D，根据文中说明Half of us spent the morning caving while the others went rock-climbing. Matt and I went to the caves(岩洞) first.可以判断出应该选择D。
2. 选D，Matt and I 还有the other ten members。
3. 选C，A. B. D.均可以从文中找到证据证明其是不正确的。我们知道Cameron had come along with two friends，可以知道C项是正确的。
4. 选A。
5. 选B，总揽全文，可以知道B项为最佳答案。
;9. 高考英语阅读理解正确选项的特征
高考英语阅读理解正确选项的特征
1.关键词直接复现
2.对原文关键词进行同义替换或转换
正确选项特点与识别方法
1. 直接复现类可从问题中找到关键词，以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧迅速定位即可。
2. 同义转换类需对原文信息进行准确理解并简单推理，观察词义、词性及语态的变化。复习时应掌握英语的多种表达法。
二
高考英语阅读理解错误选项的特征
错误选项就是命题人用以干扰你思维的陷阱。高考英语，由于词汇量的限制，挑选的文章不能过难。命题人员就在问题和干扰选项上做文章。使你即使基本读懂文章，也不能轻松做对全部题目。现在的干扰项不仅语言复杂，而且欺骗性强。
两个语言水平相当，对文章理解差不多的考生会因为对干扰项的辨别能力不同，而答题的正确率不一。为了提高辨别错误或干扰信息的能力，有必要分析干扰项的种种特征，使我们在种种命题人设置的陷阱面前，做到胸有成竹。
01
“以假乱真”的选项
把文章中出现的一些词放在选项里，达到似曾相识的感觉，迷惑考生。 在各种干扰信息中，伪了。伪造性的信息也就是文章中根本没有的意思，硬是编造出一个信息，组成一个选项，以假乱真，以迷惑和干扰考生。以假乱真的伪造性信息有两种表现形式。
这就告诉我们：在辨别选项时，一定要琢磨选项的意思，不要因为时间紧，不读完选项的句子，或粗粗一读，只看到几个表面文字与文章中有关部分相同就下结论。根据这一特点，我们似乎还可以得出这样一条经验：选项中出现相关句中的原词越多，这个选项越可能是命题人的陷阱。
02
“无中生有”的选项
利用考生知道的一些基本常识，设置选项，无中生有。 这就告诉我们：在做题目，看选项时，一定要读原文，一定要根据文章中说到的，一定要注意问题中的“According to the passage，”“In the author’s view，”的提醒。
千万不要因时间来不及，而不读原文，凭主观想象，千万不要根据自己或人们对这一方面的一般看法来套。伪造的信息之所以能起干扰的作用，就是因为有些看似不合常理的信息却是文章中说到的，而有些看似非常合理的信息是命题人员根据常识编造，以诱骗考生的陷阱。
03
“所问非所答”的选项
选项文不对题，选项不能回答问题。命题人把文章中出现过的一些单词和句子，放在选项中，虽然选项单独看是正确的，但是却不能回答问题，这样的选项有很大的迷惑性。
04
“夸大事实、偷梁换柱”的选项
夸大事实、偷梁换柱是命题人常用的一种干扰手法。命题人在设置干扰项时，把文章中的信息，进行夸大或放大，使作者在不认真仔细进行判断的时候，容易出现错误。
夸大事实、偷梁换柱的干扰项就是利用考生时间紧，大凡粗粗一读，来不及细看，或来不及把选项读到底的倾向，在选项的前半句或前大半句中用原文的结构和词汇，只是在最后换了几个词，而使考生出错。
所以在判断选项时，一定要非常仔细，尤其是选项的结构和词汇与原文相关旬的结构和词汇相似时，要注意选项中出现的定语和状语是否与文章中的一致，是否被命题人偷偷换掉了定语、状语。
05
“张冠李戴”的选项
虽然观点和所说的话在文章中出现过，并且是正确的，但是却用错了位置，以达到混淆视听的目的。 张冠李戴的干扰项主要是将文章作者的观点与文章中他人的观点混淆起来。问的是作者的观点，选项中出现的是他人的观点；或问的是文章中他人观点，却把文章作者观点放到选项中去。
这就告诉我们，在辨别选项前，首先要仔细阅读问题，特别要注意“generally／usually／frequently／widely believed(accepted，advised)”或“in the author’s eyes／point of view”这类词，弄清楚问的是什么，是作者的观点，还是文章中其他人的观点。这样才不会被张冠李戴的干扰项所迷惑。
06
“以偏概全”的选项
以偏概全也是一种常用的干扰手段。尤其是在猜测文章或段落大意题，猜测文章标题题，以及释义题中，四个选项总有以偏概全的干扰信息。因此认识它的表现形式很有必要。 以偏概全有两种基本形式。
1．把文章中的次要观点，细节混进选项。
2．把超出文章讨论范围的东西也作为归纳或结论混进选项。
这就告诉我们，在做归纳性，概括性题目时，要注意选项的归纳分寸，不要被归纳不够或归纳过头的选项所迷惑，要做到这一点，就必须紧紧抓住文章的主要内容和中心思想。
三
识别高考阅读理解干扰项的七大法宝
01
包含项原则
在答案选项分析中，假如对A)选项的理解概括了对其它三项 (或其中某一项)的理、解，那么我们就说选项A) 与其他三项是包含或概括关系，包含项A)往往就是正确答案。如在“花”与“玫瑰”两选项中，正确答案肯定是“花”，花包含了玫瑰, 因为玫瑰肯定是花，但花并不一定是玫瑰。
Living in a residence hall （学生宿舍）carries certain obligation.（义务） You have to be considerate of others, especially ring study hours. Telephone calls and visits by friends should be short. You have to cooperate in keeping the room as sanitary（卫生） as possible. It is sometimes hard to be tolerant（容忍的） of another person’s habits that may differ from your own.
24. What must you learn to be tolerant of if you live in a dormitory?
A) Your roommate’s telephone calls
B) Habits that may differ from your own
C) Visits by your roommate’s friends
D) Roommates who are unsanitary
【原文题意】 :住学生宿舍要受一些约束。你必须要考虑他人习惯，特别是在学习的时间。打电话及接待朋友来访的时间尽量要短。你还得齐心协力与室友尽可能保持好寝室卫生。有时候你是很难容忍别人不同的生活习惯。）
『个案解析』 ：从四个选项分析中我们可以看出，选项B)“与你不同的生活习惯”其实就包含并概括了其他三选项，即A)室友的电话、C)室友的朋友来访、D)室友不爱卫生，这些都是你不能接受的生活习惯。如果我们可以选A)、C)、D)任一选项，那么B)也可以选，但正确答案只有一个，所以我们只能选B)。
再如:
Q: The three examples are cited to show that .
A. Quitsmoking is necessary
B.Healthy habits benefit our health
C. Fruitsand vegetables are better than milk
D. Weshould drink more water everyday.
『个案解析』 ：
答案为B。显而易见，B为包含项，概括了A、C、D三项，即 “quit smoking, have more fruits and vegetables and drink more water”都是“Healthy habits”。
Q: In the building of the rail lines, .
A.more equipment made in China should be used
B.more imported equipment should be used
C.more exported equipment should be used
D.more equipment used in infrastructure（基础）projects should be used
『个案解析』 ：
正确答案为A。选项A命题（应该使用更多的国产设备）包含了选项C命题（应该使用更多的出口设备），因为出口设备本身就意味着它是国产设备。
包含项原则预示： 选项中内容全面、概况性强的，往往是正确答案。
02
正反项原则
所谓正反项，是指两选项陈述的命题完全相矛盾。根据形式逻辑排中律知识：两个相互矛盾的判断不能都是假的，其中必有一真。所以在阅读理解中，假如四选项中A)、B)互为正反项，那我们通常先排除C)、D)项，正确答案一般在A)、B)项当中取其一。
They feel they are poor listeners when they think about something else while the other is talking or when they are tired, or not interested in what she or he is talking about. Most people listen only with their ears.
According to the passage, listening only with ears may happen to us when
A)we are emotionally tired
B) we are physically disabled
C) we are so interested in the topic
D) we are asked many questions
【原文题意】 :当他们心不在焉, 感到厌倦, 或对他/她谈论的话题不感兴趣的时候，他们就会觉得自己不是一个好的听众了。他们大多数人仅仅是用耳朵而非用心去听。
『个案解析』 ：四个选项中，A）与C）陈述互相矛盾, 互为正反项。我们什么时候不会用心去听? A）我们情绪厌倦的时候，C）我们对话题很感兴趣的时候。显然这两个选项是矛盾正反判断，只有一个而且必有一个是真，所以我们可以先排除B）、D）选项，然后再结合我们下文将要提及的 常识项原则 ，可以把答案确定为A）。
再看一例：
The main problem is that our neighbor worlds appear to be unsuitable for advanced life forms. The moon may be the case first, it has hardly any atmosphere. Venus is little better, but the surface’s temperature is very high. Mars with thin atmosphere and little water cannot support the living necessity of the animals.
Q: There is unlikely any life on Venus because .
A．it has very thin atmosphere
B．the surface temperature is too hot
C．the weather is too cold
D．it is extremely short of water
『个案解析』 ：B项（表面温度太热）与C项（气候太寒冷）语义相反互为正反项。根据正反项原则，可以排除A、D项，然后在B、C项中选其一，这样，考生至少可以在不看原文的前提下把答案的命中率从25%提高到50％。其实，此题为细节题，根据原文第三句，我们可以把答案确定为B。
正反项原则预示: 陈述内容或基调完全相反的两选项往往有一个是正确答案。
03
委婉项原则
所谓委婉，这里是指说话不能说死，要留有余地。 阅读理解选项中语气平和、委婉的往往是正确答案。 这些选项一般含有不十分肯定或试探性语气的表达，如：probably, possibly, may, usually, might, most of, more or less,relatively, be likely to, not necessary, although, yet, in addition，tend to，beliable to等等，而含有绝对语气的表达往往不是正确答案，如：must, always, never, the most, all, every, any, merely, only, completely,none, hardly，already等等。
Q: According tothe first two paragraphs, .
A). the use of water is a completely new concept
B) the sea has already long been used as a way of power
C) water is a source of energy far more economical than any other energies
D) water, if properly handled,may present a promising solution to energy crisis.
『个案解析』 ：很明显，根据委婉原则，正确答案应该为D, 其他三项都含有过于肯定语气的词，如：completely, has already, far more than any other。而选项D比较委婉，if分词短语使说话留有余地，情态动词may使语气相对平缓. 再如：
56. The opinion of the writer is that .
A. there may be other intelligent beings in the universe
B. there are other intelligent beings in the universe
C. people living on the earth are almost certainly the only intelligent beings in the universe
D. people living on the earth are definitely the only intelligent beings in the universe
『个案解析』：
答案为A。根据委婉项原则，我们先可以把含有绝对语气词 almost，certainly，definitely，the only 的C、D项先排除，对比A、B项，我们会发现A项与B项所表达意思相近，但A项含有推测情态词may，使得它所表述的语气比B项更委婉，所以答案应该为A项。
24. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. Working hard is a basic requirement of all employees.
B. Good writing skills alone help you succeed in any field
C. The only qualification forgetting hired by a company is good communication skills
D. While the importance of one’s ability to communicate increases, his professional background may become increasingly less important.
『个案解析』：
答案：D。选项A（工作努力是对 所有 员工最起码的要求）；选项B（ 单凭 好的写作技能可使你在任何领域取得成功）、C（被聘任上的 唯一 条件就是要有良好的表达技能）都过于绝对化；选项D（当交流表达能力重要性上升时，专业技术背景的重要性就可能会相应降低）中“may”表推测的情态动词使语气较为平缓，所以有可能是正确答案。
04
同形项原则
几个选项如存在形式与结构上的相似，那它们就互为同形项。同形项组可喻为高尔夫球场上的“果岭”，而正确答案就是果岭上的“球洞”。命题者往往先将正确答案设置在一个大命题范围，然后通过语言形式的细微变化来考察考生的理解能力与分析能力。同形项原则告诉我们：词汇与句法结构 相似的 选项一般存在有正确答案。
The development of rapid transit rail lines in cities should parallel local economic development and blind construction of such lines should be avoided…It stressed that the amount of domestically made equipment used in such infrastructure projects needs to be increased.
16. The rapid-transit rail lines should .
A. develop as quickly as possible
B.develop with local economic development
C.develop after local economic development
D. develop with the construction instry
『个案解析』 ：答案为B。经语言形式与结构分析，我们不难发现B、C选项形式与结构相似（仅with与after一词之差）为同形项，所以可先试着排除A、D。再结合常识（常识项原则/下文）：高速路轨的建设应该与地方经济互相促进、同步发展，可最终确定答案为B。
检验：根据原文中的“parallel”（与…平行）可以确定上述分析结果正确。
05
常识项原则
在议论文当中，那些符合一般常识，意义深刻富有哲理，符合一般规律，属于普遍现象的选项往往是正确答案。
Trees are useful to man in three import ways: they provide him with wood and other procts; they give him shade; and they help to prevent droughts and floods. Unfortunately, in many parts of the world, man has not realized that the third of these services is the most important.
Q: What is the most important service of trees to man according to the passage?
A. They help him make money
B. They give him wood and other procts
C. They help him prevent droughts and floods
D. They give him shade
『个案解析』 ：答案为C，这是常识项。植树造林是我国的一大国策，目的在于防止洪涝、风沙、旱灾，这是我国公民的普遍常识，所以C为正确答案：树木可以帮助人类阻挡洪涝与旱灾。相对于其它三项，C项意义更加深远。其实，根据“Unfortunately(语义转折标志)，in many parts of the world, man has not realized that the third of these services is the most important，”我们也可以得出C项为正确答案。
再如：
If Mrs. Abby dies after he has paid premiums for one or two years only, the insurance company will lose heavily. But if she lives to the age of seventy or beyond, the insurance company will make a profit.
Q: According to the passage, the insurance company will make great profits.
A. If the premium（保险费）is increased so the company can earn more money each year.
B. If nobody above seventy buys insurance against death.
C.If most insurance buyers live longer than the average length of life.
D.If most insurance buyers live shorter than the average length of life.
『个案解析』 ：答案为C，这也是常识项。众所周知，保险公司之所以能盈利，那是因为被保险的对象平安无事，所以，人活得越长，他交的保险额就越多，保险公司利润就越高，所以C为正确答案：如果投保人比普通人活得更长。
注意： 人的平均年龄往往是保险公司设置保率的基准。另外，此题根据“But （语义转折标志）if she lives to the age of seventy or beyond, the insurance company will make a profit.”也可以推断出答案为C。
06
集合项原则
四个选项中，如果有一项是其它两项或三项的集合，那么此集合项往往就是正确答案。
其表现形式为：A and B; A, B and C; Both A and B; all of the above items。
The Antarctic is a continent almost as large as Europe
and Australia combined, surrounded by the most unobstructed water areas of the world- the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans.
Q: Antarctic is bordered (与…接壤) by the .
A ) Atlantic ocean.
B) Pacific Ocean
C) Indian Ocean.
D) All of the above
『个案解析』 ：D项为集合项，覆盖了A/B/C三项内容，是正确答案。根据最后一句“南极被大西洋、太平洋和印度洋活水域所环绕，”答案就应该是D项。再如：
In his eagerness to make money from trees, he has cut them down in large numbers, only to find that without them he has lost the best friends he had. And besides, he is usually too careless to plant and look after new trees. So the forests slowly disappear .
47. Why do forests in many parts of the world slowly disappear?
A. New trees are not looked after properly B. Many trees have been cut down by man
C.Man has not paid enough attention to plantingtrees .
D. All of the above
『个案解析』 ：答案为D，因为它是集合项，它集合了A、B、C三选项内容。此题属细节事实题型，根据题干与选项的关键词我们可以直接在原文中定位到正确答案就是D。
07
因果项原则
阅读理解逻辑推理基本都是通过因果链进行的，前因后果，一步步循序渐进。然而，在推理题型的选项中，有的选项会推理不到位（止于前因），或者推理过头（止于后果），这就是所谓的干扰项。因果项原则规定：假如四个选项中有两项互为同一事物推理过程中的因果关系，那么正确答案就是这两个因果项中的其中之一。如果因项可以产生几个结果，那么答案就是因项；如果果项可以对应几个原因，那么答案就是果项。
No one should be forced to wear auniform. Uniforms are totally unnecessary in a democratic society. Uniform tell the world that the person who wears one has no value as an indivial, that is,the indivial in a uniform loses self-worth. There are those who say that wearing a uniform gives a sense of identification with a more importantconcept. But in fact, the indivial himself is the most important, if an organization is so weak that it must rely on the uniform to inspire it members,that organization has not right to continue its existence. On the other hand,uniforms also hurt the economy.
Q: The author’s main purpose in writing this paragraph is to .
A. show that uniform are possible in a democratic society
B.advocate stronger governmental controls on the wearing of uniforms
C. convince the reader that uniforms have more disadvantages than advantages
D.advocate doing away with uniforms
『个案解析』 ：答案为C，综合分析四个选项，我们会发现C与B、D项互为因果项，也就是说，因为C：制服的弊大于利，所以B：呼吁政府采取措施控制穿制服，或D呼吁废除制服。根据因果项原则，一个原因对应了两个结果，答案应该选原因项C。本题是主旨题，根据原文，本段主要是列出制服的弊端，说明制服弊大于利。B、D项为干扰项，属于推理过头。