英语阅读理解猜词技巧说课稿
1. 英语阅读理解解题技巧：猜词
1 通过因果关系猜词
通过因果关系猜词，首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。有时文章借助关或掘判联词表示前因后果。例如：
You shouldn’t have blamed him for that，for it wasn’t his fault.通过for引出的句子所表示的原因，可猜出blame的词义是"责备"。
2.通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词
通过同义词猜词，一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组，如happy and *，即使我们不认识*这个词，也可以知道它是愉快的意思;二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词，如Man has known something about the planets Venus，Mars，and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.此句中的Venus、Mars、Jupiter均为生词，但只要知道planets就可猜出这几个词都属于"行星"这一义域。通过反义词猜词，一是看表转折关系的连词或副词，如but，while，however等;二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语，如：He is so homely，not at all as handsome as his brother.根据not at all...handsome我们不难推测出homely的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。
3.通衫改过构词法猜词
在阅读文章时，我们总会遇上一些新词汇，有时很难根据上下文来推断其词意，而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用，此时，如掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等语法知识，这些问题便不难解决了。
4.通过定义或释义关系来推测词义
例如：But sometimes，no rain falls for a long，long time.Then there is a dry period，or drought.
从drought所在句子的上文我们得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的时期，即drought，由此可见drought意思为"久旱"，"旱灾"。而a dry period和drought是同义语。这种同义或释义关系常由is，or，that is，in other words，be called或破折号等来表示。
5.通过句法功能来推测词义
例如：Bananas，oranges，pineapples，coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生词，我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大致的意思。从句中不难看出pineapples，coconuts和bananas，oranges是同类关系，同属fruit类，因此它们是两样水果，准确地说，是菠萝和椰子。
6.通过描述猜词
描述即作者为帮助读者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物作出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写。例如：The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole.It is fat and walks in a funny way.Although it cannot fly，it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.从例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类。后面更散枣详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。
2. 高考英语阅读理解:高考英语阅读理解九大猜词技巧
《高考英语阅读理解九大猜词技巧》由liuxue86.com我整理。本内容整理时间为05月12日，如有任何问题请联系我们。 1.利用定义或解察指庆释(definition or explanation)
Signal words: means, refers to, be called, be known as ,can be defined as, in other words,that is , that is to say, 定语从句…..etc.
举例：
Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots(嫩芽）, or young leaves of trees.(B)
The word “pruning” means______
A. Regular cutting（修剪） of the plants
B. Frequent watering
C. Regular use of chemicals
D. Growing the plants high in the mountain
2.利用普通常识和经验(common sense or experience)
举例败握：
1. In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today．
“ocelot” means _________________(an endangered wild cat)
2.The period of adolescence, the period between childhood and althood ,may be long or short.
“adolescence” means___________(The period between childhood and althood)
3.利用同义/同位语(similarity/appositive)
Signal words：for example ，for instance，such as ，like，as---as，etc.
举例：
The largest player – Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Center offers a wide variety of choices, such as deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches. Santana sedans are the big favorite of the tourists. (C)
The words “deluxe sedans,” “minivans” and “station wagons” used in the text refer to ____.
A. cars in the making B. car rental firms C. cars for rent D. car makers
4.利用举例(from examples)
Signal words: as, like, the same as，unlike, but，however, on the contrary, while,instead…逗搏ect.
举例：
1. The snow was falling.Big flakes drifted(飘） with the wind like feathers.
2. Unlike her gregarious sister, Jane is a shy person who does not like to go to parties or make new friends.
5.利用比较或对比(comparison or contrast)
(1)Overwork may cause diseases.
over（过分的、过量的）＋work＝overwork“工作过度”。
(2)There was a dissatisfied look in the manager's eyes.
dis “不” + satisfied“满意的=dissatisfied “不满意的”。
6.利用构词法(Word formation)：前缀、后缀、复合、派生等
举例：
1. Is he intelligent or stupid?
2. Most women in Ghana--- the ecated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young and old--- work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers. Their reputation for economic independence, self-reliance, and hard work is well known and well deserved.(C)
The underlined word “illiterate” in the passage means ____.
A. Repeated B. reiterated. C unecated D. sick
7.利用同义词或反义词(Synonym or Antonym)
举例：
Signal words:because，since ,so, such…that,so…that, ect
I feel that since you are my superior（上司）, it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do .”(B)
The word “presumptuous” is closest in meaning to “____” .
A．full of respect B． rude and too confident
C．lacking in experience D．too shy and quiet
8.利用原因与结果关系猜词(from Cause and Result)
The official asked the man what his occupation was. The man told him that he worked as an engineer.(A)
A. work B. study C. name D. interest
9.利用上下文的语境(context or related information)
更多练习：
1. A good teacher works in quite a different way. His audience take an active part in his play: they ask and answer questions, they obey orders, and if they don’t understand something, they say so.
The word “audience” in the paragraph means ____.
A. students
B. people who watch a play
C. people who act on the stage
D. people who listen to something
答案：A
解题关键：常识 teacher-----students
2. When some kind of pain killer(止痛药） was brought out recently, researchers found that the colours turned the customers off because they made the proct look weak and ineffective（无效的）.
The underlined part “the colours turned the customers off” means that the colours_______
Attracted the customers strongly
Had weak effects on the customers
Tricked the customers into shopping
Caused the customers to lose interest
答案：D
解题关键：因果关系 because
3. Collins decided that she must go, although the hazards of the trip were many, for example, the unbearable heat , the possibility of getting lost , the presence of wild animals and poisonous snakes .
“hazard” means ___________________
A. pleasure, B. problem, C. danger, D. attraction
答案：C
解题关键：举例for example
4. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society
The underlined phrase “the most vocal” means______
A. Those who try their best to win
B. Those who value competition most highly
C.Those who are against competition most strongly
D. Those who rely on others most for success
答案：C
解题关键：上下文语境 context or related information
5.Without examinations, employers will look for employees from the highly respected schools and from families known to them－a form of favoritism will replace equality.
The word “favoritism" is used to describe the phenomenon that ________.
A. bright children also need certificates to get satisfying jobs
B. children from well-respected schools tend to have good jobs
C. poor children with certificates are favored in job markets
D. children attending ordinary schools achieve great success
答案：B
解题关键：破折号（定义或同位语）
6. Grown-ups also have a sense of object permanence. That is to say, if we put a box in a room and lock the door, the box will still be there when we come back.
“Object permanence” means that when out of sight, an object ______
A. Still exists B. keeps its shape
C. Still stays solid D. is beyond reach
答案：A
解题关键：
1.定义：definition that is to say也就是说
2.构词法：permanent—permanence
7. A child's birthday party doesn't have to be a hassle; instead, it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months.
What does the underlined word "hassle“ probably mean?
A. a party designed by specialists
B. a plan requiring careful thought
C. a situation causing difficulty or trouble
D. a demand made by guests
答案：C
解题关键：比较comparison(instead—相反,反而)
8. William Shakespeare said. “The web of our life is of a mingled yarn（纱线），good and ill together.”
The underlined word “mingled” most probably means? ? .
A．simple????B．mixed????C．sad???D．happy
答案：B
解题关键：definition or explanation 定义或解释猜测词义
9. The house looked quite normal outside, but inside it was very exotic with fascinating objects on display. As he began putting them into his bag, a god came into the room. It stopped when it saw Buster, then wagged its tail madly and went over to him, licking his outstretched hand. “Good boy,” Buster whispered. “What a great guard dog you are --- trying to lick me to death.”
Which of the definitions is closest in meaning to the word “exotic” ?
A Messy and untidy.
B. Rich and expensive.
C. Comfortable and calming
D. Unusual and foreign.
答案：D
解题关键：对比contrast，normal—but---unusual
10. Lions are opportunists. They prefer to eat without having to do too much work. When resting in the shade, they are also watching the sky to see what is flying by, and even in the heat of the day they will suddenly start up and run a mile across the plains to find out what is going on. If another animal has made a kill, they will drive it off and take the kill for themselves.
By describing lions as “opportunists”, the author means to say that lions ____.
A. are cruel animals
B. are clever animals
C. Like to take advantage of（利用） other animals
D. Like to take every chance to eat
答案：C
解题关键：构词法及下文解释opportunity---ist
3. 如何做好英语阅读理解词义猜测题
猜测词义题
在阅读中我们经常会遇到许多生词。这时许多同学立即翻阅词典，查找词义。这样做不但费时费力，而且影响阅读速度、影响对语篇的整体把握。事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。我们可以利用语境（各种已知信息）推测、判断某些生词的词义。近年来全国统一高考中加大了对考生猜词义能力的考查，因此，掌握一定的猜词技巧，对突破高考阅读理解、提高我们的英语语言能力都有非常重要的意义。
常见的题干有：
1) Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word？
2) The word... could best be replaced by.
3) In the... paragraph, the word... means (refers to).
4) According to the passage,... probably means.
5) The author uses the word... to mean.
猜测词义时，一般可利用以下四个方面的线索：
一是针对性的解释
针对性解释是作者为了更好的表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或高深的词汇等所做的通俗化的解释。这些解释提供的信息明确具体，所使用的语言通俗易懂，利用它们来猜测词义就非常简单。
1.根据定义（definition）猜测词义
如果生词有一个句子（定语从句或是同位语<同位语前常有 that="" is="" to="" in="" other="" or="" i.g.="">或是同位语从句）或段落来定义,或使用破折号，冒号，分号后的内容和引号括号中的内容加以解释和定义，那么理解这个句子或段落本身就是推断词义。定义常用的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, be called, define, represent, refer to, signify 等。
例1.Do you know what a territory is ? A territory is an area that an animal ,usually the male, claims（声称）as its own.（2005年湖北卷）
[分析]由定义可推知，这里territory指的是：动物的地盘。
例2.In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today．（2005年浙江卷）
[分析]由同位语an endangered wild cat我们很快猜出生词ocelots的义域：一种濒临灭绝野猫。
例3. Here is The Pines ,whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou ,wild boar ,and reindeer with surprising sauces . （2004年福建卷）
According to the passage ,The Pines is a .
A．place in which you can see many mobile homes
B．mountain where you can get a good view of the valley
C．town which happens to be near the Banff National Park
D．restaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food
[分析]通过whose引导的定语从句，我们可以推测到：The Pines 是一家餐馆的名字，由此不难推出理解题的答案为：D。
2.根据举例猜测词义
恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索。
例4. The course gives you chances to know great power polities between nation states. It will provide more space to study particular issues such as relationship among countries in the European Union, third world debt, local and international disagreement, and the work of such international bodies as the United Nations, the European Union, NATO, and the World Bank.（2004年辽宁卷）
[分析]根据such as 后面列举的一系列例子，我们应该能推断出句中的issue 是指议题。
二是内在逻辑关系
根据内在逻辑关系推测词义是指应用语言知识分析和判断相关信息之间存在的逻辑关系，然后根据逻辑联系推断生词词义或大致义域。
1.根据对比、比较关系猜测词义
在一个句子或段落中，有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以根据生词的反义词猜测其词义。表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要有：unlike, not, but, however, despite, in spite of, in contrast 等。表示对比关系的句子结构：while 引导的并列句。同对比关系相反，比较关系表示意义上的相似关系。表示比较关系的词和短语主要有：similarly, like, just as, also, as well as 等。
例5.A childs birthday party doesnt have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun.
What does the underlined word hassle (paragraph 1) probably mean? （2002年NMET）
A.a party designed by specialists B.a plan requiring careful thought
C.a situation causing difficulty or trouble D.a demand made by guests
[分析]根据对比关系，这里hassle 和 a basket of fun 是相反的意义，很容易判断理解题的答案为C。
例6.Green loves to talk, and his brothers are similarly loquacious.
该句中副词similarly表明短语loves to talk和loquacious 之间的比较关系，其意义相近。由此我们可推断出loquacious的意思是健谈的。
2.根据因果关系猜测词义
在句子或段落中，若两个事物现象之间构成因果关系，我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推测生词词义。
例7.feel that since you are my superior , it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do .
（2005年上海卷）
The word presumptuous in the middle of the passage is closest in meaning to .
A．full of respect B．too confident and rude C．lacking in experience D．too shy and quiet
[分析]根据since 引导的原因状语从句的内容（既然你是我的上司），我们可以推断这里presumptuous的意思是：冒失的，放肆的意思，后半句的意思是：我告诉你怎么做会是一种放肆/冒失的行为。对应的理解题答案为：B。
例8.Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots,or young leaves.（2005年江西卷）
根据原因状语从句的内容，我们可以判断Pruning的意思是：修剪（树枝等）的意思。
3.根据说明、并列、同等同义近义、、反义等关系猜测词义
在句子或段落中，我们可以利用熟悉的词语，根据语言环境所表面的关系猜测词义。
例9.William Shakespeare said. The web of our life is of a mingled yarn（纱线），good and ill together. （2005年江苏卷）
The underlined word mingled in the last paragraph most probably means .
A．simple B．mixed C．sad D．happy
[分析]句中good and ill together 更具体地说明了a mingled yarn的意义，据此我们不难推测mingled的意思是：混合的，交织的。
例10.Is it possible to beat high blood pressure without drugs ? The answer is yes, according to the researchers at Johns Hopkins and three other medical centers. （2004年湖北卷）
[分析]根据and three other medical centers 这种并列关系，我们很容易推断出：Johns Hopkins是一家医疗中心。
例11.There is no reason to insult and defame the man simply because you do not agree with him.
[分析]根据与insult侮辱的同等关系猜测defame为诋毁 ，中伤或诽谤
例12.The game Americans call soccer is known around the world as football.
[分析]运用与football的同义关系推断为足球。
例13.The house stood at the end of a quiet neat street. The little dwelling,however,looked neglected and cheerless.
[分析]运用与The house近义关系可以推断dwelling与住所有关
例14.Most women in China ---ecated and illiterated, urban and rural, the young and old-----work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers.
[分析]后面的urban and rural, the young and old之间都有反义关系，运用这个关系可以推断illiterated为未接受过教育的，即文盲
三是通过构词法
在猜测词义过程中，我们还可以依靠构词法方面的知识，从生词本身猜测词义。
1.根据前缀猜测词义
例15.Do you have any strong opinion on co-ecational or single-sex schools?
根据词根ecational （教育的），结合前缀co-（共同，一起），我们便可以猜出co-ecational的意思是：男女同校教育的意思。（2005年江西卷）
2.根据后缀猜测词义
例16. It's a quiet, comfortable hotel overlooking (俯瞰) the bay in an uncommercialized Cornish fishing village on England's most southerly point．（2005年广东卷）
后缀 -ise/ize意思是使成为；使化，结合词根commercial（商业的），不难猜出 uncommercialized 的意思是：未被商业化的。
3.根据复合词的各部分猜测词义
例17.Good tool design is important in the prevention of overuse injuries. Well – designed tools and equipment will require less force to operate them and prevent awkward（别扭的）hand positions.（2005年北京卷）
Well-designed 或许是个生词，但我们分析该词的结构后，就能推测出其含义。它由well （好，优秀）和design （设计）两部分组成，合在一起便是设计精巧的意思。
例18. We live in a technological society where most goods are mass-proced by unskilled labor. Because of this, most people that craft (手艺) no longer exists. （2004年浙江卷）
根据合成词中的mass （大量的）和proce （生产），我们可以推测 mass-proce的意思是：大批量生产；规模生产的意思。
4.猜测词性变换新词含义
例19.The other teams, disappointed, were on the bus heading home. （2004年山东卷）
head本为名词，表头。由the bus和home的语境逻辑可以推断，该句head为动词，表方向，结合全句可译为开往、驶向。
例20.I had first known she was wrong, that her anxiety had clouded her judgment. （2004全国卷Ⅱ）
cloud本为名词，表云。分析语境逻辑可知，忧虑会影响一个人的判断，因此该句clouded应译为使难以。
4. 英语阅读猜词技巧
英语阅读猜词技巧
做英语阅读的过程中，遇到不懂的单词我们有时候会猜词义，下面我给大家介绍英语阅读猜词技巧，一起来学习吧!
1.构词法猜词
在阅读中我们常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词。掌握构词法对猜词义和背单词都很有帮助。如wheelchair，wheel是轮子的意思，chair则是椅子。显而易见，有轮子的椅子就是轮椅了。
2.利用同义近义词猜词
在生词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。生词前后的句子一般会出现并列连词and或or时，不妨通过其上下文的单词推测出大概的词义。
3.利用反义词猜词
对比是议论文中常用于描述事物的方法。在对比中，我们可根据反义或对比关系从已知推出未知。如反义词cleverand stupid, internal and external，有时句内词与词之间，段内句与句之间的`关系上起着互为线索的作用。
4.利用上下文语境猜词
这是阅读文章最常用的技巧，也是高考考查的热点之一。因为句子在全文内容中不是孤立的，我们可以根据上下文提供的情景和线索进行合理分析，推测词义。在此建议蜂友们在阅读文章时要适当画出重点词句，了解文章大概内容，能快速找出答题线索喔。
5.利用定义和解释猜词
科学说明文会较多出现专有名词，看似困难，实际不难。因为下文通常会以破折号，同位语，定语从句等对关键词进行解释。
6.利用例证猜词
为了说明或证实，文章中经常会举例说明前面生词，这些例子可帮助我们猜测生词。举例时，常用的一些短语，如：suchas，like，for example，for instance等。
7.根据语义转折猜词
我们可以根据转折意思猜测词义。如：though，although，still，but，yet，instead，instead of，however，while，on the contrary，on the other hand，unlike，rather than，for one thing，for another等。
8．利用经验和常识猜词
在记叙文中可以利用日常经验推出词义，例如：To his great surprise, she pulledthe perfect pearl from her purse.
主要通过分析后半句，她从purse中拿出完美无瑕的珍珠。一位女士会从哪里中拿出这么珍贵的东西呢？由此推断该句中purse是手提包的意思。
;5. 英语阅读中的猜词技巧
英语阅读中的猜词技巧
在英语阅读中，我们自然会遇到许多生词。下面是我分享的英语阅读中的猜词技巧，欢迎大家阅读！
一、针对性解释
针对性解释是作者为了更好地表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或词汇等所作的解释。这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性，利用它们猜词义比较容易。
1.根据定义猜测词义
如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义，理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。例如：
Anthropology is the scientific study of man.
由定义可知，anthropology就是“研究人类的科学”。
In slang the term “jam” constitutes a state of being in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation.
同样，从上下文的定义可知jam一词在俚语中的意思是“困境”。
定义句的谓语动词多为：be，mean，deal with，be considered，to be，refer to，be called，be known as，define，represent，signify，constitute等。
2.根据复述猜测词义
虽然复述不如定义那样严谨、详细，但是提供的`信息足以使阅读者猜出生词词义。复述部分可以是适当词、短语或是从句。
同位语，例如：
Semantics，the study of the meaning of words，is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.
此例逗号中短语意为“对词意义进行研究的学科”。该短语与前面生词semantics是同位关系，因此我们不难猜出semantics指“语义学”。
在复述中构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号、引号和括号等。
二、内在逻辑关系
根据内在逻辑关系推测词义是指运用语言知识分析和判断相关信息之间存在的逻辑关系，然后根据逻辑关系推断生词词义或大致义域。
1.根据对比关系猜测词义
在一个句子或段落中，有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以根据生词或难词的反义词猜测其词义。例如：
Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know.His brother，in contrast，is quite humble and modest.
该例中supercilious对许多人来说可能是个生词，但是句中短语in contrast（相对照的，相对比的）提示我们supercilious和后面词组humble and modest（谦卑又谦虚）是对比关系。分析出这种关系后，我们便能猜出supercilious意为“目空一切的，傲慢的”。
2.根据比较关系猜测词义
同对比关系相反，比较关系表示意义上的相似关系，例如：
Green loves to talk，and his brothers are similarly loquacious.
该句中副词similarly表明短语loves to talk与生词loquacious之间的比较关系，以此可以推断出loquacious词义为“健谈的”。
表示比较关系的词和短语主要是similarly，like，just as，also等。
3.根据因果关系猜测词义
在句子或段落中，若两个事物、现象之间构成因果关系，我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推知生词词义。例如：
Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others.
根据原因状语从句的内容，我们可以推断出生词autocratic指“独断专行的”。
There were so many demonstrort in the Red Square that he had to elbow his way through the crowd.
此句为结果状语从句，根据从句的描述“许多者”，我们便可推知elbow的词义为“挤、挤过”。
三、外部相关因素
外部相关因素是指篇章（句子或段落）以外的其他知识。有时仅靠分析篇章内在逻辑关系无法猜出词义。这时，就需要运用生活经验和普通常识确定词义。例如：
Husband ：It’s really cold out tonight.
Wife：Sure it is.My hands are practically numb.How about lighting the furnace?
根据生活经验，天气寒冷时，手肯定是“冻僵的，冻得麻木的”。
The snake slithered through the grass.
根据有关蛇的生活习性的知识，我们可以推断出slither词义为“爬行”。
综上所述，利用各种已知信息推测、判断词义是一项重要的阅读技巧。在实践中，我们可以灵活运用上面提到的几种猜测技巧，排除生词的障碍，顺利理解文章想内容，提高阅读速度和阅读的准确性。
;6. 如何提高英语考试阅读题的猜词技巧(3)
八、语境线索或上下文
即利用语境来推测生词含义的方法。这是我们用来推测词义的主要方法之一。
例一：The days of elderly women doing nothing but cooking huge meals on holidays are gone. Enter the Red Hat Society—a group holding the belief that old ladies should have fun.
“My grandmothers did not do anything, but keep house and serve everybody, they were programmed to do that,” said Emily Cornette, head of a chapter of the 7-year-old Red Hat Society.
根据上下文我们可以很容易得出chapter的词义为这个组织the Red Hat Society的一个分支。
例二：As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency ( 一贯性 )is very important teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality ( 道德 ). Also, parents should realize that “example is better than precept”. If they are not sincere and don’t practice what they preach ( teach ), their children may grow confused, and emotionally insecure ( 不稳定 )when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled.
根据上下文我们可知precept的词义为“说教”。
例三：Here are some simple ways to beat the stress often caused by our inventions!
Don’t be available all the time. Turn off your mobile phone at certain times of the day. Don’t check your e-mail every day. Don’t reply to somebody as soon as they leave a text message just because you can. It may be fun at first, but it soon gets annoying.
根据语境我们知道available的词义为“可与之交谈的”或“有空的”。
例四：We found that bar at last. I didn’t have to ask again, for there it was in big letters over the window—Star Bar. There were some iron tables outside with plastic chairs around them. A few people sat listlessly around, looking at a portable television set that someone had brought out of the bar. They were all in thin summer dresses or short sleeved-shirts; even at that late hour it was stifling. Two thin dogs lay under one of the tables with their tongues out, and some of the women were fanning themselves unenthusiastically (无精打采的) with magazines.
根据语境我们猜出stifling的词义为“极热的”。
九、标点符号的暗示
例一：The days of elderly women doing nothing but cooking huge meals on holidays are gone. Enter the Red Hat Society—a group holding the belief that old ladies should have fun.
破折号后面的部分对the Red Hat Society作了解释，是“一个认为老年人应该有自己乐趣的团体”。
例二：The largest player—Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental Center offers a wide variety of choices—deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches. Santana sedans are the big favorite.
第二个破折号后面的deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches应该指的是汽车的品牌或种类。
十、同义词的替代关系
例句：Although he often had the opportunity, Mr. Tritt was never able to steal money from a customer. This would have endangered his position at the bank, and he didn’t want to jeopardize his future.
为避免重复使用endanger一词， 用同义词jeopardize来替代它, 我们推知jeopardize词义为“使陷入危险，危及，危害”。
十一、利用主系表结构来猜词
主系表结构的句子有两种功能：一是说明主语的形状和特征;二是主语和表语是同位关系。
例一：To malign is to slander an innocent person.
表语意为“诽谤无辜的人”， 那样主语就是“中伤，诽谤”的意思。
例二：Insomnia is the inability of falling asleep or sleeping restlessly.
表语意为“睡不着”，主语Insomnia无疑就是“失眠”了。
十二、生活常识
根据日常生活中的常识和相关的背景知识，大胆想象，合理发挥，推测出生词的含义。
例一：Warm-blooded desert animals, such as rats and mice, rest ring the day, often staying in cool underground burrows.
根据常识我们知道鼠类一般藏在洞里，因此生词burrows的意思为“地洞，洞穴”。
例二：The snake slithered through the grass.
根据有关蛇的生活习性的知识，我们可以推测出slithered的词义为“爬行”。
十三、构词法
英语词汇的构词法主要有三种：派生，合成，转化构词。
我们主要利用派生构词来推断生词的含义。
词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根的前面或后面加上词缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。一般来说，前缀改变词根的意思;后缀改变词性。
常见的前缀有：super- 超……
mini- 小型的……
re- 再，又……
post- 后
pre- 前
fore- 前
under- 下
后缀有：
-ment 名词的后缀
-less 不，无
-proof 防……的
例句：Remember that people on line may not be who they seem. Because you can’t see or even hear the person, it would be easy for someone to misrepresent himself/herself. Thus someone says “She is a 12-year-old girl ”could really be an old man.
根据语境和misrepresent的构词方式， 前缀mis-的意思是“误，错-的”，词根represent的意思是“表达，展示”之意, 合在一起我们知道misrepresent的词义为“误述，歪曲”。
十四、文中代词指代的推测
高考题年年考查对文中代词实际指代的对象。一般来说它实际指代的对象在含有代词的句子前半部分或前一句话。我们把它叫做“前指”。
例一：Demands for pigeon-delivered money stopped at noon as the press rported the story. And even if they start again, Chen holds little hope of catching the criminal.”We have more important things to do,” he said.
根据我们上面讲到的，they应该指上一句中的Demands for pigeon-delivered money。
例二：The book contained a large number of clues to help readers find the hare, but Williams put in a lot of “red herrings”, or false clues, to mislead them.
根据语境them.指代上文的readers。
虽然掌握一些猜词技巧能帮助我们猜测词义，但是我们不能只依靠这些。最重要的还是掌握全篇文。
7. 2020高考英语阅读理解猜题技巧
2020高考英语晌友阅读理解猜题技巧俗话说，得阅读者得高考!猜词题是阅读理解中相对简单的一种题型。根据多年的高考英语教学经验，我将猜词题的类型进行了具体的分类，下面是我特意为大家整理了关于2020高考英语阅读理解猜题技巧的相关材料，希望对您的工作和生活有帮助。
1.构词法;2.同义词;3.反义词;4.上下文;
5.释义法;6.因果题;7.代词题;8.常识题
下面我来举例说明。
1.构词法:前缀、后缀、复合、派生等
Car rentals are becoming more and more popular as an inexpensive way of taking to the road.
Q: The underlined word “inexpensive” means _______.
A.cheap B.happy C.good D.painful
解析:划线单词inexpensive是一个派生词，由否定前缀in和单词expensive(昂搜缺贵的)构成，意思是“不昂贵的”，故选A (便宜的)。
2.同义词(列举法)
Signal words:for example, for instance, such as, like，as---as, etc.
Collins decided that she must go, although the hazards of the trip were many, for example, the unbearable heat, the possibility of getting lost, the presence of wild animals and poisonous snakes.
Q: The underlined word "hazard" means ___________________
A. pleasure B. problem C. danger D. attraction
解析:根据划线词hazard后面的举例，“无法忍受的炎热，可能迷路，野生动物和毒蛇的出现”世谨辩，这些都属于“危险的事情”(danger)，故选C。
3.反义词
转折词:though, although, still, but, yet, instead, instead of, however, while, on the contrary, on the other hand, unlike, rather than, for one thing, for another等
Achild's birthday party doesn't have to be a hassle; instead, it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months.
Q: What does the underlined word "hassle" probably mean?
A. a party designed by specialists B. a plan requiring careful thought
C. a situation causing difficulty or trouble D. a demand made by guests
解析:根据划线词hassle后的转折词instead(相反)，可以推断出hassle是与a basket of fun(一筐乐趣)意思相反。故选C (一种导致困难或麻烦的情形)。
4.上下文:利用上下文提供的情景和线索推测
Food Network procer Flay hopes the young cook will find a place on the network television. He says Lieberman’s charisma is key. “Food TV isn’t about food anymore,” says Flay. “It’s about your personality(个性)and finding a way to keep people’s eyeballs on your show.”
Q: What does the word “charisma” underlined in the text refer to?
A. A natural ability to attract others. B. A way to show one’s achievement.
C. Lieberman’s after-class interest. D. Lieberman’s fine cooking skill.
解析:charisma为非考纲词汇表上单词，其词义与下文的“It’s about your personality(个性)and finding a way to keep people’s eyeballs on your show.”有关。故选A(一种天然的吸引他人的能力)。
5.释义法:使用定语(从句)、表语、同位语、冒号、破折号、分号等解释说明
信息词: means, refers to, be called, be known as, can be defined as, in other words, that is, that is to say......
William Shakespeare said. "The web of our life is of a mingled yarn (纱线), good and ill together."
Q: The underlined word "mingled" most probably means?
A.simple B.mixed C.sad D.happy
解析:根据后文的释义，good and ill together，可以推断划线词mingled的意思是“混合的”(minxed)，故选B。
6.因果题
When some kind of pain killer (止痛药) was brought out recently, researchers found that the colours turned the customers off because they made the proct look weak and ineffective(无效的).
Q: The underlined part "the colours turned the customers off" means that the colours_______
A.Attracted the customers strongly B.Had weak effects on the customers
C.Tricked the customers into shopping D.Caused the customers to lose interest
解析:根据because后的解释，“因为他们使产品看起来软弱和无效”，可以推断出结果“导致顾客失去兴趣”。故选D。
7.代词题
信息词:one，it，that，he，him或them等指代上文提到的人或事物。
Demands for pigeon-delivered money stopped as soon as the press reported the story. And even if they start again, Chen holds little hope of catching the criminal. “We have more important things to do,” he said.
Q: The underlined word“they”in the last paragraph refers to____.
A. criminals B. pigeons C. the stolen cars D. demands for money
解析:代词指代必须符合就近原则，指代最近的上文提到的人或事物。复数代词they指代复数名词。故选D
8.常识题
Ifeel that since you are my superior (上司), it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do.
Q: The word "presumptuous" is closest in meaning to "____" .
A.full of respect B.rude and too confident
C.lacking in experience D.too shy and quiet
解析:常识题。在Kim看来，因为对方是自己的上司，告诉上司去做什么，会显得不礼貌(rude)、自负(too confident)。故选B。
经过分类整理，猜词题的命题思路就变得非常清晰，了解了命题思路，做题时就有了方向。
当然，要想真正掌握这些策略，还需要大量的训练实践，不断地吸收消化，最后融会贯通。
我是苗爸，“职业化家庭英语启蒙训练”推广人。我会每天分享英语启蒙和高考英语相关的原创文章。
今天的分享到此结束。我们明天再见!