四级英语常用名词
A. 特急！！！明天英语四级 求几个英语短文中的常用单词 例如：besides…
Chapter One 文章开头句型
1-1 对立法 : 先引出其他人的不同看法,然后提出自己的看法或者偏向于某一看法,
适用于有争议性的主题.
例如(e.g)
[1]. When asked about....., the vast/overwhelming majority of people
say that ....... But I think/view a bit differently.
[2]. When it comes to .... , some people believe that ....... Others
argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true . There is probably some truth
in both arguments/statements , but (I tend to the profer/latter ...)
[3]. Now, it is commonly/generally/widely believed/held/acknowledged
that .... They claim/believe/argue that ... But I wonder/doubt whether.....
1-2 现象法 引出要剖析的现象或者问题, 然后评论 .
e.g
[1]. Recently the rise in problem of/(phenomenon of) ... has cause/
aroused public/popular/wide/worldwide concern.
[2]. Recently the issue of the problem of/the phenomenon of ...
has been brought into focus. ( has been braught to public attention)
[3].Inflation/Corruption/Social inequality ... is yet another of the
new and bitter truth we have to learn to face now/constantly.
1-3 观点法 ----开门见山,直接了当地提出自己对要讨论的问题的看法.
e.g:
[1]. Never history has the change of .. been as evident as ...
Nowhere in the world/China has the issue/idea of .. been more visible/
popular than...
[2]. Now people in growing/significant numbers are beginning/
coming to realize/accept/(be aware) that...
[3]. Now there is a growing awareness/recognition of the necessity
to......
Now people become increasingly aware/conscious of the importance of ......
[4]. Perhaps it is time to have a fresh look at the attitude/idea
that.......
1-4 引用法 ----- 先引出名人名言或者有代表性的看法, 来引出文章要展开论述的观点!
e.g:
[1]. "Knowledge is power." such is the remark made by Bacon. This remark
has been shared by more and more people .
"Ecation is not complete with graation." Such is the opinion of a
great American philosopher. Now more and more people share his opinion.
[2]."........." How often we hear such statements/words like theses
/this .
In our own days we are used to hearing such traditional complains as
this "......".
1-5 比较法 ------ 通过对过去,现在 两种不同的倾向,观点的比较 , 引出文章要讨论的观点.
e.g:
[1]. For years, ...had been viewed as ... But people are taking a fresh
look now. With the growing ... , people ....... .
[2]. People used to think that ... (In the past, ....) But people now
share this new .
1-6 故事法 ---- 先讲一个较短的故事来引发读者的兴趣, 引出文章的主题.
e.g:
[1]. Once in (a newspaper) , I read of/learnt .... The phenomenon of
... has aroused public concern.
[2]. I have a friend who ... Should he .... ? Such a dilemma we are
often confront with in our daily life.
[3]. Once upon a time , there lived a man who ... This story may be
(unbelievable) , but it still has a realistic significance now.
1-8 问题法 ----- 先用讨论或解答的设问, 引出自己观点, 适用于有争议性的话题.
e.g:
Should/What ...... ? Options of ... vary greatly , some ..., others ...
But in my opinion , ...... .
Chapter 2 文章中间主体内容句型
<一> 原因结果分析
3-1-1. 基本原因 --- 分析某事物时, 用此句型说明其基本的或者多方面的原因.
e.g:
[1]. Why ... ? For one thing.. For another ...
[2]. The answer to this problem involves many factors. For one thing...
For another...... Still another ...
[3]. A number of factors , both physical and psychological affect ....
/both indivial and social contribute to ....
3-1-2 另一原因 --------> 在分析了基本原因之后, 再补充一个次要的或者更重要时用!
e.g:
[1]. Another important factor is ....
[2]. ... is also responsible for the change/problem.
[3]. Certainly , the ... is not the sole reason for .....
3-1-3 后果影响 --------- 分析某事物可能造成的后果或者带来的影响 .
e.g:
[1]. It will proce a profound/far-reaching effect/impact on....
[2]. In involves some serious consequence for ........
< 二 > 比较对照句型
3-2-1. 两者比较 ---> 比较两事物, 要说出其一超过另一个, 或肯定一事物的优点, 也肯定其缺点的时候用 !
e.g:
[1]. The advantages gained from A are much greater than the advantages
we gain from B.
[2]. Indeed, A carries much weight when compared with B.
[3]. There is no doubt that it has its negative effects as well as
positive effects.
3-2-2 . 两者相同/相似 ------> 比较两事物共同都有或者共同都没有的特点时用!
e.g:
[1]. A and B have several things in common.
They are similar in that.....
[2]. A bears some striking resemblances to B.
一、~~~ the + ~ est + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)
~~~ the most + 形容词 + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)
例句：
Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.
海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。
二、Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V
例句：
Nothing is more important than to receive ecation.
没有比接受教育更重要的事。
三、~~~ cannot emphasize the importance of ~~~ too much.（再怎么强调...的重要性也不为过。）
例句：
We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.
我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。
四、There is no denying that + S + V ...（不可否认的...）
例句：
There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.
不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。
五、It is universally acknowledged that + 句子~~ （全世界都知道...）
例句：
It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.
全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。
六、There is no doubt that + 句子~~ （毫无疑问的...）
例句：
There is no doubt that our ecational system leaves something to be desired.
毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。
七、An advantage of ~~~ is that + 句子 （...的优点是...）
例句：
An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won"t create (proce) any pollution.
使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。
八、The reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that + 句子 （...的原因是...）
例句：
The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air./ The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.
我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。
九、So + 形容词 + be + 主词 + that + 句子 （如此...以致于...）
例句：
So precious is time that we can"t afford to waste it. 时间是如此珍贵，我们经不起浪费它。
十、Adj + as + Subject（主词）+ be, S + V~~~ （虽然...）
例句：
Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory. {by no means = in no way = on no account 一点也不}
虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。
十一、The + ~er + S + V, ~~~ the + ~er + S + V ~~~
The + more + Adj + S + V, ~~~ the + more + Adj + S + V ~~~（愈...愈...）
例句：
The harder you work, the more progress you make.
你愈努力，你愈进步。
The more books we read, the more learned we become.
我们书读愈多，我们愈有学问。
十二、By +Ving, ~~ can ~~ （借着...，..能够..）
例句：
By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy.
借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。
十三、~~~ enable + Object（受词）+ to + V （..使..能够..）
例句：
Listening to music enable us to feel relaxed.
听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。
十四、On no account can we + V ~~~ （我们绝对不能...）
例句：
On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.
我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。
十五、It is time + S + 过去式 （该是...的时候了）
例句：
It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.
该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。
十六、Those who ~~~ （...的人...）
例句：
Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.
违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。
十七、There is no one but ~~~ （没有人不...）
例句：
There is no one but longs to go to college.
没有人不渴望上大学。
十八、be + forced/compelled/obliged + to + V （不得不...）
例句：
Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled to give up doing sports.
既然考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃做运动。
十九、It is conceivable that + 句子 （可想而知的）
It is obvious that + 句子 （明显的）
It is apparent that + 句子 （显然的）
例句：
It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life.
可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。
二十、That is the reason why ~~~ （那就是...的原因）
例句：
Summer is sultry. That is the reason why I don"t like it.
夏天很燠热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。
二十一、For the past + 时间，S + 现在完成式...（过去...年来，...一直...）
例句：
For the past two years, I have been busy preparing for the examination.
过去两年来，我一直忙着准备考试。
二十二、Since + S + 过去式，S + 现在完成式。
例句：
Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard.
自从他上高中，他一直很用功。
二十三、It pays to + V ~~~ （...是值得的。）
例句：
It pays to help others.
帮助别人是值得的。
二十四、be based on （以...为基础）
例句：
The progress of thee society is based on harmony.
社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。
二十五、Spare no effort to + V （不遗余力的）
例句：
We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.
我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。
二十六、bring home to + 人 + 事 （让...明白...事）
例句：
We should bring home to people the value of working hard.
我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。
二十七、be closely related to ~~ （与...息息相关）
例句：
Taking exercise is closely related to health.
做运动与健康息息相关。
二十八、Get into the habit of + Ving
= make it a rule to + V （养成...的习惯）
例句：
We should get into the habit of keeping good hours.
我们应该养成早睡早起的习惯。
二十九、Due to/Owing to/Thanks to + N/Ving, ~~~ （因为...）
例句：
Thanks to his encouragement, I finally realized my dream.
因为他的鼓励，我终于实现我的梦想。
三十、What a + Adj + N + S + V!
= How + Adj + a + N + V!（多么...！）
例句：
What an important thing it is to keep our promise!
How important a thing it is to keep our promise!
遵守诺言是多么重要的事！
三十一、Leave much to be desired （令人不满意）
例句：
The condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired.
我们的交通状况令人不满意。
三十二、Have a great influence on ~~~ （对...有很大的影响）
例句：
Smoking has a great influence on our health.
抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。
三十三、do good to （对...有益），do harm to （对...有害）
例句：
Reading does good to our mind.读书对心灵有益。
Overwork does harm to health.工作过度对健康有害。
三十四、Pose a great threat to ~~ （对...造成一大威胁）
例句：
Pollution poses a great threat to our existence.
污染对我们的生存造成一大威胁。
三十五、do one"s utmost to + V = do one"s best （尽全力去...）
例句：
We should do our utmost to achieve our goal in life.
我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。
B. 英语四级都要用到那些语法
一、~~~ the + ~ est + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)
~~~ the most + 形容词 + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)
例句：Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.
海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。
Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had.
张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。
二、Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V
例句：Nothing is more important than to receive ecation.
没有比接受教育更重要的事。
三、~~~ cannot emphasize the importance of ~~~ too much.（再怎么强调...的重要性也不为过。）
例句：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.
我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。
四、There is no denying that + S + V ...（不可否认的...）
例句：There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.
不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。
五、It is universally acknowledged that + 句子~~ （全世界都知道...）
例句：It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.
全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。
六、There is no doubt that + 句子~~ （毫无疑问的...）
例句：There is no doubt that our ecational system leaves something to be desired.
毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。
七、An advantage of ~~~ is that + 句子 （...的优点是...）
例句：An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won’t create (proce) any pollution.
使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。
八、The reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that + 句子 （...的原因是...）
例句：The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air./ The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.
我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。
九、So + 形容词 + be + 主词 + that + 句子 （如此...以致于...）
例句：So precious is time that we can’t afford to waste it.
时间是如此珍贵，我们经不起浪费它。
十、Adj + as + Subject（主词）+ be, S + V~~~ （虽然...）
例句：Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory. {by no means = in no way = on no account 一点也不}
虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。
十一、The + ~er + S + V,
~~~the + ~er + S + V ~~~
The + more + Adj + S + V,
~~~the + more + Adj + S + V~~~（愈...愈...）
例句：The harder you work, the more progress you make.
你愈努力，你愈进步。
The more books we read, the more learned we become.
我们书读愈多，我们愈有学问。
十二、By +Ving, ~~ can ~~ （借着...，..能够..）
例句：By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy.
借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。
十三、~~~ enable + Object（受词）+ to + V （..使..能够..）
例句：Listening to music enable us to feel relaxed.
听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。
十四、On no account can we + V ~~~ （我们绝对不能...）
例句：On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.
我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。
十五、It is time + S + 过去式 （该是...的时候了）
例句：It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.
该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。
十六、Those who ~~~ （...的人...）
例句：Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.
违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。
十七、There is no one but ~~~ （没有人不...）
例句：There is no one but longs to go to college.
没有人不渴望上大学。
十八、be + forced/compelled/obliged + to + V （不得不...）
例句：Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled to give up doing sports.
既然考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃做运动。
十九、It is conceivable that + 句子 （可想而知的）
It is obvious that + 句子 （明显的）
It is apparent that + 句子 （显然的）
例句：It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life.
可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。
二十、That is the reason why ~~~ （那就是...的原因）
例句：Summer is sultry. That is the reason why I don’t like it.
夏天很燠热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。
二十一、For the past + 时间，S + 现在完成式...（过去...年来，...一直...）
例句：For the past two years, I have been busy preparing for the examination.
过去两年来，我一直忙着准备考试。
二十二、Since + S + 过去式，S + 现在完成式。
例句：Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard.
自从他上高中，他一直很用功。
二十三、It pays to + V ~~~ （...是值得的。）
例句：It pays to help others.
帮助别人是值得的。
二十四、be based on （以...为基础）
例句：The progress of thee society is based on harmony.
社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。
二十五、Spare no effort to + V （不遗余力的）
例句：We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.
我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。
C. 英语有关后缀-ability的四级常见名词
-ability 构成抽象名词，表示性质或状态等
absorbability n. 被吸收,被吸收性
acceptability n. 可接受性
accountability n. 有责任,有义务
adaptability n. 适应性
addressability 可寻址性 寻址能力 可编址性 可寻址能力
adjustability n. 可调整性
adoptability n. 采纳性
adsorbability n. 吸附性
advisability n. 明智
affability n. 和蔼,殷勤,亲切
affectability 感触性, 易感性
affordability 支付能力
agglutinability n. 粘结力,可凝集性
alienability n. 可让与性,可疏远性
alterability n. 可变更性,可更改性
amenability n. 顺从,服从的义务
amiability n. 和蔼可亲的,友善的,亲切的
amicability n. 友善,亲善
analyzability 可分析性
annihilability 可消灭
appealability 可上诉性
applicability n. 适用性,适应性
approachability n. 可接近,易接近
arability 适合耕种
assignability 可转让性 财产的可转让性
assimilability n. 可同化性
attainability 可达到 可及
auditability 可审性
availability n. 有效,有用,有益
bankability 银行可贴现性
biddability 顺从 驯良
bioavailability 生物药效率 生物利用度
biodegradability 生物降解能力
bleachability n. 漂白率
breathability 透气性
brushability n. 刷涂性
capability n. 能力,才能,性能,容量
castability n. 可铸性(流动性)
changeability n. 变化无常
cleanability 除尘度
cleavability n. 可裂性
coagulability n. 凝结力
codifiability 编码可能性
commensurability n. 公度(成比例,相称)
comparability n. 相似性, 可比较性
compensability n. 可补偿性
computability 可算性
conceivability n. 想得到,可想像
condensability a. 可压缩性,可简约性
crossability n. (异种的)可交配性
crushability n. 压碎, 压不皱
cutability n. 可切性
decidability 可判定性
decomposability n. 可分解性(分解性能)
degradability n. [化]降解性
deliverability n. 供应能力
demonstrability n. 论证可能性
deniability n. (官员等的)否认本领,推诿于不知情的本事
denumerability 可数性
dependability n. 可依赖性
desirability n. 称心如意的人(东西)
detachability n. 可拆卸性(脱渣性)
detectability n. 探测能力(觉察录敏度,可检测性)
developability 可展性
differentiability n. 可微性
dilatability n. 膨胀性
disability n. 无力,无能,残疾
discriminability n. 鉴别力
dispensability n. 可分配,可宽恕,可特别恕免
disreputability 声名狼藉
dissociability n. 可分离, 孤癖
dissolvability 溶(解)度, (可)溶性, 溶(解)性
distinguishability n. 分辨率
drawability n. 可塑性(可拉性,塑性,回火性)
drillability n. 可钻性(种子流动排出性能)
drivability n. (汽车的)驾驶性能,操纵性能,操纵灵活性
driveability n. (汽车的)驾驶性能,操纵性能,操纵灵活性
rability n. 持久性(耐久性,耐用年限,寿命)
dyeability n. 可染性(染色性)
ecability n. 可教育性,可陶冶性
employability 可用性, 适于雇用 受雇就业能力
ensilability 青贮能力
enumerability n. 可数性(可枚举性)
equability n. 平静,无变动
erasability n. 可擦度(记录消除的可能性)
evaporability n. 挥发性(可蒸发性,汽化性)
exchangeability n. 可交换性
excitability n. 易兴奋性,兴奋性,激动性
exorability n. 容易说服, 心肠软
expandability 伸延性 扩展性 膨胀性
expendability n. 消费性
exploitability n. 可开发性,可利用性,可剥削性
extendability n. 可延伸性(拉伸性)
extractability n. 可萃性
extrapolability n. 凭已有资料进行推断(或外推)的能力
extrudability n. 可挤压性(压出可能性)
fatigability n. 易疲劳性
fermentability 可发酵性, 可发酵的状态
fertilizability n. 可受精, 可施肥
filterability n. 过滤性(滤过率,可滤性)
filtrability n. 过滤性(滤过率,可滤性)
fissionability n. 能分裂度(分裂能力)
flammability n. 易燃的,可燃性的
floatability n. 漂浮性
flowability n. 流动性
flyability 能进行飞行的性质
foreseeability 预见性
forgeability n. 可锻性
formability n. 可成形性(可模锻性)
friability n. 脆弱
germinability n. 发芽(或发育)力 发芽(或发育)性
gradability n. 可分等级性
gradeability n. 爬坡的能力
habitability n. 可居住
hardenability n. 可硬化度(淬硬性)
hatchability 孵化能力
heritability n. 遗传可能性
hyperirritability n. 应激性过度,高度过敏
hypnotizability 催眠易受性
ignitability n. 可燃性(着火性)
illimitability n. 无边的(无边无际的,不可计量)
immovability n. 不动,不变
immutability n. 不变,不变性
impalpability n. 不能触觉或感知的状态或性质
impassability n. 不通
impeccability n. 无罪,无缺点
impenetrability n. 不能贯穿,不可入性,不可测知
imperishability n. 不减,不减性,不朽性
impermeability n. 不能渗透的性质或状态,不渗透性,不透过性
imperturbability n. 沉着,冷静
implacability n. 难安抚的性质或状态,执拗,无情
imponderability n. 无重量性,极轻,无法测知的性质或状态
impracticability n. 无法实施,不能实施的事项,难于驾驳
impregnability n. 攻不破(坚固,浸透本领)
impressionability n. 可印性(易感性,敏感性)
improbability n. 无或然性的事物,未必有之事
improvability n. 可改良的性质或状态,可改善
imputability n. 可归罪,可使负责
inability n. 无能,无力
inadvisability n. 不能变更的,不变的
inalienability n. 不能让与,不能夺取
inalterability n. 不变性
inapplicability n. 不能应用
incalculability n. 无法计数,无数,无数量
incapability n. 无能力,无力,无资格
incommensurability n. 不能通约(无公度)
incommunicability n. 不能表达(不能联系)
incomparability n. 不可比性
inconceivability n. 不能想象(想不到)
indefatigability n. 不屈不挠(不疲倦,坚持不懈)
indispensability n. 不可缺少
indistinguishability 不可分辨性
inbitability n. 毋庸置疑, 明确无疑
inecability n. 不可教性(或状态),不堪启迪( 的状态)
ineluctability n. 不可避免的,无法逃避的
inevitability n. 必然性
inexorability n. 不宽赦免,无情,冷酷
inexplicability n. 无法说明,费解
inextricability n. 逃脱不掉的,解不开的,无法解决的
inflammability n. 可燃性,易兴奋性,易激动性
insatiability n. 不知足,贪求无厌
inscrutability n. 不可预测,不可解,不可思议
inseparability n. 不可分离性
instability n. 不安定,不稳定,基础薄弱
insurability 可保性
integrability n. 可积分性
interchangeability n. 可交换性(互换性,替代)
interoperability 互操作性,互用性
interpretability 可解释性
intolerability n. 难耐,无法忍受
intractability n. 难驾驭,棘手
invariability n. 不变,不变性,安定性
inviability 生存不能
inviolability n. 神圣
invulnerability n. 不会受伤害,刀枪不入
irreconcilability n. 不调和性(不可和解性)
irrefutability n. 不能反驳之事
irremovability n. 不能移动
irreplaceability n. 无法调换,不能取代
irreproachability n. 无可责备, 无懈可击
irretrievability n. 不可挽回(无法弥补,不能恢复)
irrevocability n. 不能唤回的事
irritability n. 易怒,过敏性,兴奋性
justifiability n. 合理, 可辩解
knowledgeability n. 知识丰富的,聪明的
lability n. 不安定性(易滑性)
leachability n. 可滤取, 可滤去
liability n. 责任,债务,倾向
likability n. 可爱的,有人望的
livability n. (家禽,牲畜的)存活率, (住宅,环境的)适于居住性
liveability n. (家禽,牲畜的)存活率, (住宅,环境的)适于居住性
localizability n. 可局限性(可定域性)
machineability n. 切削性
maintainability 可维护性
malleability n. 可锻性,延展性
manageability n. 易办,易处理,顺从
maneuverability n. 可操作性,机动性
marketability 变现性,适销性
marriageability n. 结婚适龄
measurability n. 可测性
meltability n. 可熔性
memorability n. 值得记忆,忘不了,易记得
mensurability n. 可测量,可测性
merchantability 可销性 适销性
metastability n. 亚稳定性
modifiability 可变性
molability n. 调制能力
movability n. 可动,易动,可动性
mutability n. 易变性,性情不定
navigability n. 适航性,耐航性
negotiability n. 可磋商性,可转让性,流通性
nonflammability 不燃性
notability n. 著名,显著
obrability n. 物质的坚固性,强韧性
observability [计算机] 可观察性
operability n. 可操作性
opposability n. 可反对,对抗性,可相对性
palatability 嗜食性 适口性 风味
palpability n. 可触知性,明白,明了
patentability 专利性
penetrability n. 穿透性,渗透性,透彻性
perrability n. 延续时间(耐久性)
performability 可执行性
perishability 腐败性 易朽性 易腐烂性
permeability n. 弥漫,渗透
placability n. 易抚慰,易宽恕,温和
pliability n. 柔软,柔软性,可挠性
polarizability n. 极化性
portability 可移植性,可携带,轻便
potability 饮用性
practicability n. 有实行可能,实用性
predictability a. 可预言
presentability n. 票亮,中看,适于赠送
preventability n. 可预防性(可制止的)
probability n. 可能性,或然率,机率
processability n. 加工性能
profitability n. 收益性,利益率
programmability 可编程序性
quotability n. 引用价值
readability 可读性
recognizability n. 可认识(可辨认)
reconcilability n. 可调和性,一致
recoverability n. 可恢复性(可复性)
rectifiability 可求长性
recyclability n. 再循环能力
reliability n. 可靠性
removability n. 可移动性,可解职
repairability 可修理性 可修性
repeatability 可重复性
replicability n. 可复制性,复现性
resectability 可切除性
respectability n. 社会地位,受尊重
retrievability 可回收性 可恢复性
reusability n. 复用性(重新使用的可能性)
roadability n. 车辆行驶安定性能
salability n. 适销性
scalability n. 可量测性
semipermeability 半透性 半渗透性 半透过性
separability n. 可分离,分离性,可分性
serviceability n. 使用能力(操作性能,耐用性,维护保养方便性)
sewability 可缝纫性
sociability n. 社交性,好交际,善于交际
stability n. 稳定性
stretchability 拉伸性 延性
tenability n. 可防守,可维持,可主张
testability 易测性
thermolability n. 不耐热性(热失稳性)
thermostability n. 热稳定性(耐热性)
traceability n. 跟踪能力
tractability n. 驯良,温顺,易处理
trafficability 通过能力 车辆通过性
trainability 可训练性
transferability n. 可转移性,可让渡性,能转印
translatability n. 可译,可译性
transportability n. 输送能力(可运输性,转用能力)
unaccountability n. 无法解释(不能理解的,不负责任的)
uncontrollability 难以控制的性质[状态]
understandability n. 易懂
undesirability 不受欢迎, 不良, 不愉快 不合需要
unflappability n. 不慌张,镇定
unpalatability 不适口性
unsociability n. 不爱交际,非社交性,不和气
untenability 防守不住、站不住脚的性质或状态
untouchability n. 不能触摸,远不可及
usability 可用性
variability n. 易变,变化性,变异性
venerability n. 尊敬,尊严,壮严
verifiability n. 能证明(可检验)
viability n. 生存能力,发育能力
violability n. 可侵犯
vulnerability n. 易受伤,易受责难,弱点
washability n. 可洗性
wearability n. 耐磨性(磨损性)
weatherability n. 耐气候性(经得住风吹雨打)
wettability n. 可湿性(可沾性,湿度性,吸湿度)
workability n. 可使用性
yieldability n. 可屈服性(沉陷性)
D. 英语四级高频词汇
这是新东方李老师的高频词组笔记！！！
1.abide by(=be faithful to ; obey)忠于；遵守。
2. be absent from…. 缺席，不在
3. absence of mind(=being absent-minded) 心不在焉
4. absorb(=take up the attention of)吸引…的注意力(被动语态)be absorbed i n 全神贯注于…近be engrossed in ; be lost in ; be rapt in ;be concentrated on ; be focused on ; be centered on
5. (be) abundant in(be rich in; be well supplied with) 富于,富有 6. access(to) (不可数名词) 能接近,进入,了解
7. by accident(=by chance, accidentally)偶然地,意外. Without accident(=safely) 安全地,
8. of one’s own accord(=without being asked; willingly; freely)自愿地 ,主 动地
9. in accord with 与…一致 . out of one’s accord with 同….不一致
10. with one accord (=with everybody agreeing)一致地
11. in accordance with (=in agreement with) 依照,根据
12. on one’s own account 1) 为了某人的缘故, 为了某人自己的利益 2) (=at one’s own risk) 自行负责 3) (=by oneself)依靠自己 on account 赊账; on account of 因为; on no account不论什么原因也不;of …account 有…..重要性.
13. take…into account(=consider)把...考虑进去
14. give sb. an account of 说明, 解释 (理由)
15. account for (=give an explanation or reason for) 解释, 说明.
16. on account of (=because of) 由于,因为.
17. on no account(=in no case, for no reason)绝不要,无论如何不要(放句首时句 子要倒装)
18. accuse…of…(=charge…with; blame sb. for sth. ; blame sth. on sb. ; complain about) 指控,控告
19. be accustomed to (=be in the habit of, be used to)习惯于.
20. be acquainted with(=to have knowledge of) 了解; (=to have met socially ) 熟悉
21. act on 奉行,按照…行动; act as 扮演; act for 代理
22. adapt oneself to(=adjust oneself to) 使自己适应于
23. adapt…(for) (=make sth. Suitable for a new need) 改编, 改写(以适应新的需要)
24. in addition (=besides) 此外, 又, 加之
25. in addition to(=as well as, besides, other than)除…外
26. adhere to (=abide by, conform to, comply with, cling to, insist on, pe rsist in, observe, opinion, belief ) 粘附; 坚持, 遵循
27. adjacent(=next to, close to) 毗邻的, 临近的
28. adjust..(to) (=change slightly)调节; 适应;
29. admit of (=be capable of, leave room for) …的可能，留有…的余地.
30. in advance (before in time) 预告, 事先.
31. to advantage 有利的,使优点更加突出地.
32. have an advantage over 胜过. have the advantage of 由于…处于有利条件 have the advantage of sb.知道某人所不知道的事
33. take advantage of (=make the best of, utilize, make use of, profit from, harness)利用.
34. agree with 赞同(某人意见) agree to 同意
35. in agreement (with) 同意, 一致
36. ahead of 在…之前, 超过…;……………. ahead of time 提前.
37. in the air 1)不肯定, 不具体. 2)在谣传中.
38. above all (=especially, most important of all) 尤其是, 最重要的.
39. in all (=counting everyone or everything, altogether) 总共, 总计
40. after all 毕竟,到底; (not) at all 一点也不; all at once(=suddenly)突然; once and for all 只此一次; above all 最重要的; first of all 首先; all in all 大体上说; be all in 累极了; all but 几乎.
41. allow for (=take into consideration, take into account) 考虑到, 估计到 .
E. 英语四级作文常用词汇
英语四级之写作常用词汇
近义词汇：
l非常经典的加分词汇替换：
1. important =crucial (extremely important),significant(amount or effect
large enough to be important)
2. Common=universal, ubiquitous (if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be
everywhere)
3.abundant=ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful(enough for people's
needs and wants)
4. Stick=adhere, cling(hold on something tightly)
5. Neglect=ignore. (Difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough
attention to something; ignore means no attention.)
6. Near=adjacent(two things next to each other), adjoin(the same as
adjacent)7.pursue=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek(if you seek sth,
you try to obtain it. FORMAL)
8. Accurate=precise (precise is exact and accurate in all details), exact
(correct in every detail) 9.vague=obscure(unknown or known by only a few
people)
10. Top=peak, summit
11. Competitor=rival, opponent (especially in sports and politics)
12. Blame=condemn (if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and
unacceptable)13.opinon=perspective, standpoint(means looking at an event or
situation in a particular way)14. Fame=prestige (describe those who are
admired), reputation15.build=erect(you can erect something as buildings,
FORMAL), establish
16. Insult=humiliate (do something or say something which makes People feel
ashamed or stupid)17.complain=grumble (complain something in a bad-tempered
way)
18. Primary=radical (very important and great in degree), fundamental
19. Relieve=alleviate (alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less
intense or severe)20.force=coerces into(coerce means you make someone do
something s/he does not want to),compel
21. Enlarge=magnify (magnify means make something larger than it Really
is)
22.complex=intricate(if something is intricate, it often has many small
parts and details)
23. Lonely=solitary (if someone is solitary, there is no one near
him/her24.small=minuscule(very small), minute,
25. Praise=extol (stronger than praise), compliment (polite and
political)
26. hard-working=assious (someone who is assious works hard or does
things very thoroughly
27. Difficult=arous (if something is arous, it is difficult and tiring,
and involves a lot of efforts)
28. Poor (soil) =barren, infertile (used to describe the soil is so poor
that plants cannot be planted on it)
29. Fragile=brittle, vulnerable (someone who is vulnerable is easily hurt
emotionally or physically)
30. Show=demonstrate (to demonstrate a fact means tp make it clear to
people.)
31. Big=massive (large in size, quantity, or extent), colossal (use this
word, you emphasize something’s large), tremendous (INFORMAL)
32. Avoid=shun (if someone shuns something, s/he deliberately avoid that
something or keep away from it.)
33. Fair=impartial (someone who is impartial is able to give a fair opinion
or decision on something.)
34. Attack=assault (physically attack someone), assail (attack
violently
35. Dislike=abhor (abhor means you hate something to a extreme extent for
moral reasons), loathe (dislike very much)!
36. Ruin=devastate (it means damage something very badly, or utterly
destroy it.)
39. Always=invariably (the same as always, but better than always)
40. Forever=perpetual (a perpetual state never changes), immutable
(something immutable will never change or be changed)
41. Surprise=startle (it means surprise you slightly), astound (surprise
you to a large degree), astonish (the same as astound)
42. Enthusiasm=zeal (a great enthusiasm), fervency (sincere and
enthusiasm)
43. Quiet=tranquil (calm and peaceful), serene (calm and quiet)!
44. Expensive=exorbitant (it means too expensive that it should be)
45. Luxurious=lavish (impressive and very expensive), sumptuous (grand and
very expensive
46. Boring=tedious (if you describe something tedious, you mean it is
boring and frustrating)
47. Respect=esteem (if you esteem someone, you respect and admire him/her.
FORMAL)
48. Worry=fret (if you fret about something, you worry about it)
49. Cold=chilly (unpleasantly cold), icy (extremely cold)
50. Hot=boiling (very hot)
51. Dangerous=perilous (very dangerous, hazardous (dangerous, especially to
people's safety and health)
52. Nowadays=currently
53. Only=unique (the only one of its kind), distinctive;
54. Stop=cease (if something ceases, it stops happening or existing)
55. Part=component (the components of something are the parts that it is
made of)
56. Result=consequence (the results or effects of something)
57. Obvious=apparent, manifest
58. Basedon=derived from can see or notice them very easily)
60. Quite=fairly
61. Pathetic=lamentable (very uncomfortable and disappointing)
62. Field=domain (a particular field of thought, activities or
interest)
63. Appear=emerge (come into existence)
64. Whole=entire (the whole of something)
65. Wet=moist (slightly wet), damp (slightly wet), humid (very damp and
hot)!
66. Wrong=erroneous (incorrect or partly correct)
67. Difficult=formidable
68. Change=convert (change into another form)
69. Typical=quintessential (this word means represent a typical example of
something)
70. Careful=cautious (very careful in order to avoid danger), prudent
(careful and sensible)
71. Ability=capacity, capability (the same as ability)
72. Strange=eccentric (if some one is eccentric, s/he behaves in a strange
way, or his/her opinion is different from most people)
73. Rich=affluent (if you are affluent, you have a lot of money)
74. Use= utilize (the same as use)
75. Dubious=skeptical (if you are skeptical about something, you have
doubts on it.)
76. Satisfy=gratify (if you are gratified by something, it gives you
pleasure and Satisfaction)
77. Short=fleeting, ephemeral (if something is ephemeral, it lasts a short
time)
78. Scholarship=fellowship
79. Angry=enraged (extremely angry)
80. Smelly=malodorous (used to describe an unpleasant smell)
81. Ugly=hideous (if something is hideous, it is very ugly or
unattractive)
82. Attractive=appealing (pleasing and attractive), absorbing (something
absorbing can attract you a great deal)
83. Diverse=miscellaneous (a miscellaneous groups consists of many
different kinds of things)
84. Disorder=disarray, chaos
85. Crazily=frantically (used to describe someone who behaves in a wild and
uncontrolled way)
86. Rapid=meteoric (ATTENTION: meteoric is only used to describe someone
achieves success quickly)
87. Ordinary=mundane (very ordinary and not at interesting or unusual)
88. Despite=notwithstanding (FORMAL)
89. Best=optimal (used to describe the best level something can
achieve)/
90. Sharp=acute (severe and intense)
91. Unbelievable=inconceivable (if you deem something inconceivable, you
think it very unlike to happen ^
92. Puzzle=perplex (something perplex someone means it confuses and worries
him/her because he/she does not understand it)
93. Method=avenue (away of getting something done)
94. Famous=distinguished (used to describe people who are successful in
their career)
95. Ancient=archaic (extremely old and extremely old-fashioned)
96. Decorate=embellish (embellish means make something look more attractive
via decorating it with something else)/
97. Possible=feasible (if something is feasible, it can be done, made or
achieved)
98. So=consequently, accordingly
99. Rare=infrequent (doesn’t happen often
100. Greedy=rapacious (greedy and selfish)
101. Good=favorable, desirable, pleasurable
102. Bad=unfavorable,undesirable,unpleasurable,(be less impressive)
103.many=a sea of, an ocean of, a multitude of,(many什么,if not most)
104. Like=be crazy about
105. Some=a slice of, quite a few
106.more and more+名词=in growing numbers, in creasing numbers, in
significant numbers
107.more and more+形容词=increasingly
108.most+名词=an overwhelming majority of the+名词,a significant proportion of
the+名词,a sizable percentage of the+名词
109.very=exceedingly,excessively,extremely
110. Not=by no means
111. Think=harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view
that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledge that
112in my opinion=for my part,(personally, I think),from my own
perspective
113. Want=desire
114. Remenber=bear in mind that
115. And=as well as
116. A be more important B than=A far outweigh B,A bear/carry more weight
that
117. Great=considerable
118. Show=indicate,unfold,display,reveal,demonstrate
119. And so on=and so forth, and so like
120. Enjoy=be crazy about
121.完全：absolute, unconditional, unlimited, complete, unrestricted, unmixed,
perfect, entire
122.好：extraordinary, amazing, miraculous, marvelous, stupendous, excellent,
good, well, wonderful, fine, nice, of high quality, pleasing, surprising,
agreeable
123.小：small, diminutive, puny, little, pocket-sized, petit, minute,
tiny
124.多：big , enormous, large, gigantic, vast, tremendous, gargantuan, huge,
immense, a lot of, lots of, many, much, plenty of, a great deal of, a number of,
an amount of, a great many, a good many, many a, scores of, dozens of, a great
quantity of
125.高兴，快乐：delighted, delightful, pleased, pleasing, charmed, pleasant,
cheerful, cheering, merry, happy, gratified, glad, gay, agreeable, friendly,
content, satisfied, light-hearted, joyful
126.真的：True, truthful, veracious, faithful, accurate, loyal, staunch,
genuine, honest, real, trustworthy, constant.
127.全，都：all, whole, entire, complete, perfect, total, the whole number of ,
unbroken , gross
F. 英语四级常用的词组有哪些
在英语四级考试中，对词组、短语的搭配一直备受重视，经常在各类题型中涉及。特别是由名词衍生出的一系列搭配方式，灵活多样，是各位考生复习的一个重点。对此，北外网课（北京外国语大学网络课堂）老师也归纳了考试中常用的名词相关搭配，供您参考。
out of doors 在户外
face to face 面对面地
quite a few 不少，相当多
no wonder 难怪，并不奇怪
word for word 逐字地
decline with thanks 婉言谢绝
little by little 逐渐地，一点点地
fair play 公平竞赛，公平对待
quite a little 相当多，不少
no matter 无论
appeal to 呼吁，恳求
attempt at 企图，努力
attitude to/towards 态度，看法
rest room 厕所，盥洗室
primary school 小学
a great/good deal of 大量，非常，极其
influence in 干涉，介入
the moment (that) 一…(就)
trolley bus 电车
I.D. card 身份证
no more 不再
side by side 肩并肩地，一起
heart and soul 全心全意
step by step 逐步地
ahead of time 提前
all the time 一直，始终
interference with 妨碍，打扰
introction to 介绍
fall in love (with sb) 爱上（某人）
reply to 回答，答复
credit card 信用卡
no doubt 无疑地，很可能
next door 隔壁 once upon a time 从前
once in a while 偶尔
G. 英语四级听力常用词汇
一、across
1、表方位。
Let‘s go to the restaurant across the street and get something to eat.
让我们去街对面的餐馆买些吃的。
2、表动作，穿越。
You must go across the bridge and then turn right.
你必须先过桥，然后再往右拐。
二、age
1、年龄。最一般的表达。在此不赘述。
2、衰老。
the aging people = the old people
现代社会出现越来越严重的aging problem(人口老龄化问题)等。
三、all
1、shake all over 浑身颤抖
2、all of a sudden 突然地
All of a sudden, I remembered her name. 我突然想起了她的名字。
3、by all means 一定
I‘ll come by all means. 我一定会来的。
4、all night long 整晚
My present neighbor plays piano all night long. 我现在的邻居整晚都弹钢 琴。
四、apply
这里我们详细串联一下在听力考试中涉及到的与求职相关的短语。
apply for(申请)，这是工作的第一步；既然要申请，必然需要递交letter of application(求职信)，只要你足够confident about yourself，就有可能获得job interview(工作面试)的机会。是否能够give a good impression(留个好印象)给主管，那就得看你个人犄造化了。
有些工作岗位会require much traveling，(要求经常出差)还有些工作，做不了多久就会希望find a way out(找到出路)。
正所谓城里城外，各有风光。没工作的人想工作，有工作的人又烦工作。
五、as
1、作为，当作。
I am working as his teaching assistant. 我作为他的助教进行工作。
2、as…as 就像……一样
I‘ve heard that he is as well-known as Johnson herself. 我听说他跟约翰生本人自己一样著名。
I don‘t think it would be as boring as working in an office.
我并不认为这会跟在办公室工作一样枯燥。
It wasn‘t as easy as I had thought. 这不像我想的那么简单。
It‘s not as bad as it looks. 这并不像看上去的那么糟糕。
Is that optional course as hard as everybody says?
那个选修课真的就像每个人说的那样难吗?
3、as far as I know 据我所知
As far as I know, whether there‘ll be such a trip is yet to be decided.
据我所知，是否有这么一趟旅行尚未决定。
As far as I know, he works until midnight every day.
据我所知，他每天都工作到半夜。
4、as well 也
If the weather is this hot tomorrow, we may as well give up the idea of playing tennis outside.
如果明天温度还是这么高，我们也可能放弃到户外进行比赛的主意。
1、as soon as 一……就，尽快
I will do that for you as soon as I have fixed the machine.
一修好机器我就会尽快为你完成那个工作。
六、awfully
非常地，相当地。在口语中用于表程度的比例十分高。
awfully nervous 相当紧张；awfully cold 相当冷；awfully sorry 十分抱歉
Tom looks awfully nervous. 汤姆看上去相当紧张。
I am awfully sorry. I didn‘t mean to hurt you. 十分抱歉。我不想伤害你的。
七、be bound to
肯定，注定
The movie starts in 5 minutes and there‘s bound to be a long line.
电影还有5分钟就开始了?现在那里肯定排着长队。
八、be tired of
厌烦。当一个人感到厌烦的时候，也是最容易lose one‘s temper(生气)的时候。
I‘m tired of movies about romantic stories. 我已经彻底厌烦了电影中的浪漫故事。
九、be worn out
1、筋疲力尽，这个表达不太正式，多用于口语。
I‘m usually worn out at the end of the day. 在一天快结束时我时常觉得很累。
2、破旧不堪。
My soles were worn out after a long time trip.经过长时间的旅行，我的鞋底已经破旧不堪。
十、better
1、‘d better 最好是
I‘d better read one of the articles for the class. 我最好还是为上课读篇文章准备一下。
I think you‘d better find another partner. 我想你最好还是另找一个搭档吧。
2、make it better 让……更好
I‘d rewrite the last two paragraphs to make it better. 我已经重写了最后两段以使它更好。
3、be better 更好些
I told you it would be better for you if you took fewer courses ring the first semester.
我告诉过你如果你在第一个学期少选一些课程会比较好一些。
十一、bill
1、账单，买单。
I will pay the bill this time because last time you did it. 这次我来买单，因为上次是你。
2、提案。
We all passed the bill on yesterday‘s board meeting.
在昨天的董事会上我们全票通过该提案。
3、纸币。
Here‘s a 10-dollar bill. Give me two tickets for tonight‘s show please.
这是一张10美元的纸币，请给我两张今晚演出的票，谢谢。
十二、book
1、书。本意，简单名词。
2、预定，订购。 be booked up 被预定空了；booking office 售票处
All the morning flights have been booked up. 所有明早的飞机票都预定光了。
十三、briefing
1、简介。会议之前，总要有一个项目叫做Give a briefing.
Mrs. Lung‘s briefing seems to go on forever.Lung女士的简报似乎没完没了。
2、news / press briefing 新闻发布会
十四、change
1、改变，更改。这是该词的基本意思，看两个例子回顾一下。
I‘d love to see a different type of movie for a change. 我想换换口味，看场不同类型的电影。
I‘ll have to get my ticket changed. 我必须得更改我的票。
2、零钱。这是在口语中经常使用的意思。
Two tickets and here‘s a dollar forty cents change. 这是两张票以及一美元四十美分的找零。
Jane, do you have some change? I have to make a call on the pay phone.
Jane，你有零钱吗？我想在公用电话亭打个电话。
十五、check
1、检查。基本意思。check our baggage 检查行李
Could you check for me who borrowed it? 你能帮我查查是谁借走了吗？
Did you check the power plug and press the play button?
你是否检查了电源插头并按了播放键了呢？
2、登机台。check-in counter
Is this the check-in counter for Flight 914 to Los Angeles?
这是飞往洛杉矶的914号航班的登机台吗？
3、询问。check on it 问问看
Maybe I should call to check on it. 也许我应该打个电话问问看。
4、支票。
Sign the check. 签这张支票。
十六、
1、一本，一份。a of 口语中经常使用。
I‘d like to buy a of Professor Franklin‘s book On American Culture.
我想买本富兰克林教授写的关于美国文化的书。
Would you like a of professor Smith‘s article?
你想要份史密斯教授的文章吗？
2、复印。简单动词。
Could you this article for me? 你能为我拷贝一下这篇文章吗？
十七、count
1、数数。
She is counting the days. 她每天都在数着日子。
2、指望。count on 依赖
We‘ll have to count on good weather. 我们不得不指望一个好天气。
十八、cover
1、封面。hard cover 精装书，与hard back book同意。另外，每个娱乐杂志的封面都免不了会有一位漂亮时尚的cover figure(封面人物)。
The hard cover is on sale for the same price as the paperback this week in the bookshop.
在书店，这些精装本与平装本价格相同。
2、读完，完成。
I think we‘ve covered everything.我认为我们完成所有事情了。
I just covered a few chapters which interested me most. 我只读完了自己最感兴趣的几章。
十九、crossword puzzle
纵横字谜，一种填字游戏。既可以entertain oneself(自我娱乐)，也是一种不错的智力训练。
This is not a game. It‘s only a crossword puzzle that helps increase my vocabulary.
这不是游戏。这只是可以帮助我提高单词量的一种纵横字谜。
二十、drama
戏剧。这是一种西方的艺术形式。四级听力中曾经多次出现。其他的艺术形式还有TV play(电视剧)，soap opera(肥皂剧)，concert(音乐会)……
Some people just can‘t seem to appreciate real-life drama.
H. 四级英语作文常用语
[四级英语作文常用语]
\'2.It\'s never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老，四级英语作文常用语。 13.All that glitters is not gold. 闪光的未必都是金子。 14.A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step。千里之行始于足下。 15.Look before you leap. 三思而后行。 16.Rome was not built in a day. 伟业非一日之功。 17.Great minds think alike. 英雄所见略同。 18.well begun,half done. 好的开始等于成功的一半。 19.It is hard to please all. 众口难调。 20.Out of sight,out of mind. 眼不见，心不念。 21.Facts speak plainer than words. 事实胜于雄辩。 22.Call back white and white back. 颠倒黑白。 23.First things first. 凡事有轻重缓急。24.Ill news travels fast. 坏事传千里。 25.A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。 26.live not to eat,but eat to live. 活着不是为了吃饭，吃饭为了活着。 27.Action speaks louder than words. 行动胜过语言。 28.East or west,home is the best. 金窝银窝不如自家草窝。 29.It\'s not the gay coat that makes the gentleman. 君子在德不在衣。 30.Beauty will buy no beef. 漂亮不能当饭吃。 31.Like and like make good friends. 趣味相投。 32.The older, the wiser. 姜是老的辣。 33.Do as Romans do in Rome. 入乡随俗。 34.An idle youth,a needy age. 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。 35.As the tree,so the fruit. 种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。 36.To live is to learn,to learn is to better live。活着为了学习，学习为了更好的活着。1. "否定+until (till)"结构，在否定词"no"，"not"，"never"，"little"，"few"，"seldom"等的后边 所接用的 "until/ till"，多数情况下译为"直到……才……"，"要……才……"，把否定译为肯定。 Nobody knows what he can do till he has tried. 2. "not so…but"和"not such a …but"结构，这两个结构和"否定+but"的结构差不多，不 同之点是这两个结构中的"but"是含有"that…not"意味的连续词，表示程度。可译为"还没 有……到不能做……的程度"，"并不是……不……"，"无论怎样……也不是不能……"等。 He is not so sick but he can come to school.考试大，考试伴你同行 3. "疑问词+should…but"结构，这个结构表示过去的意外的事，意为"none…but"，可 译为"除了……还有谁会……"，"岂料"，"想不到……竟是……"等，中学生作文《四级英语作文常用语》。 Who should write it but himself?4. "who knows but (that)…"和"who could should…but"结构，这个结构是反问形式，一 般意译为"多半"，"亦未可知"等等，有时也可直译。 Who knows but (that) he may go? 5. "祈使句+and"和"祈使句+or"结构，"祈使句+and"表示"If…you…"，"祈使名+or"表示 "if…not…，you。 6. "名词+and"结构，在这个结构中，名词等于状语从句，或表示条件，或表示时间。 A word, and he would lose his temper. 1. "as…,so…"结构，这里的"so"的意思是"in the same way"(也是如此)。此结构表明两个 概念在程度上和关系上相似。As rust eats iron, so care eats the heart. 2. "if any"结构，"if any"和"if ever"，意思是"果真有……"，"即使有……"，表示加强语 气。与此类似的还有："if anything"(如有不同的话，如果稍有区别)，"if a day"(=at least，至 少)。There is little, if any, hope. 3. "be it ever(never)so"和"let it be ever(never)so"结构，这里，"be it"中的"be"是古英语 假设语气的遗留形式，现代英语则使用"let it be"。"ever so"和"never so"都表示同一意思， 都表示"very"。 Be it ever so humble (let it be ever so humble), home is home. 4. "the last+不定式"和"the last +定语从词"结构，这种结构中的"last"意思是"the least likely"，用于否定性推论。可译为"最不大可能的"，"最不合适的"，由原意的"最后一个……" 变成"最不可能……的一个"。 He is the last man to accept a bride. 5. "so…that…"句型，这个句型的意思是"如此……，以致于……"，但在翻译成汉语时， 许多情况下，并不是一定要译成"如此……以致于……"，而是变通表达其含义。 He ran so fast that nobody could catch him up. 6. "more + than+原级形容词(副词)"结构，这是将不同性质加以比较，其中的"more"有 "rather"的意思。 It is more than probable that he will fall.
I. 英语四级核心词汇
1、prosecute [ 'prosikjuit] vt.对…提起公诉，告发，检举;继续从事 w.起诉，
【记】词根记忆：
pro(向前、大量的)+secut(跟随)+e：大量跟随：该被检举了!向前跟随： 继续从事
2、transition [traen'zijan] n.过渡，转变
区分 transit 运输
区分 transient 转瞬即逝的
3、casualty [ 'kaesuslti] n.伤亡人员，受害人
【记】来自casual (a办偶然的)：偶然遇害了
4、permeate [丨psimieit] v.弥漫，遍布，散布;渗入，渗透
【记】词根记忆：per(贯穿)+meat+e 空气中贯穿着肉味：弥漫!
5、penlum [ 'pendjubm] n.摆，钟摆;摇摆不定的事态(或局面)
【记】词根记忆：pend(悬挂)+ulum ->o摇摆
6、refund [ 'rilfAnd] n.退款[rii'fAnd] vt.退还(钱款)
【记】词根记忆：re(向后)+fund(资金)-o退回资金-退款
7、linger [ Woga] w.(因不愿离开而)留恋徘徊;慢消失
【记】联想记忆：歌手(singer)留恋(linger)曾经的舞台
【短语】linger on继续存留
8、converge [k3niv3:d3] w.(在一点上)会合，互相靠拢;聚集，集中;(思想、观点等)十分
相似，相同
【记】词根记忆：con(共同)+verge(转)-转到一起-聚集
【记】联想记忆：in+cent(分，分币)+ive -用钱(分币)刺激-刺激，鼓励
9、associate [saujieit] no伙伴，同事v.(在思想上)把…联系在一起;使联
【短语】associate with结交，交往
10、royalty [ 'roblti] n.王族(成员);[fpi ](著作的)版税【记】
【记】来自royal(王族的)+ty -王族(成员)
区分 loyalty 忠诚
11、dentist [ 'dentist] n.牙科医生
【记】词根记忆：dent(牙齿)+ist(人)-牙科医生
12、literary [ 'litarsri] adj.文学(上)的;文人的，书卷气的
【记】词根记忆：liter(文字)+ary -文字上的-文学的
13、transmit [traenz'mit] vt.传送，传递，传染;播送，发射
【记】词根记忆：trans(穿过)+mit(送)-送过去-传送
14、mock [mok] v.嘲笑，嘲弄;
15、aviation [leivi'eijan] n.航空，航空学;飞机制造业
16、incentive [in'sentiv] n.刺激，鼓励
17、overwhelm [isuva'welm] vt.(感情上)使受不了;征服，
【记】词根记忆：avi(鸟)+ation(表名词)-像鸟一样飞-o
区分 navigation 导航
18、reliable [rHaiabl]可靠的，可依赖的
区分 liable 易于……的
19、fling [flir)]使投身
【记】联想记忆：fl(看作fly，飞)+ing一扔,掷
20、anticipate [^n'tisipeit] 预料，预期，期望;先于…行动，提前使用
【记】词根记忆：anti(先)+cip(拿)+ate(做)→先拿到→先于… 行动