高考英語閱讀理解常考命題分類
⑴ 英語閱讀理解題型有哪些命題特點
年來的高考英語閱讀理解的命題具有以下特點： 1. 考查考生是否掌握了所讀材料的主旨大意回和說明主旨大意的答事實細節。 2. 考查考生是否既理解具體事實又理解抽象的概念。 3. 考查考生是否既理解字面意思又理解深層含義，包括作者的態度和意圖等。 4. 考查考生是否既能理解某句、某段的意義，又能把握全篇的文脈，即句與句、段與段之間的關系，並能據此進行推斷。 5. 考查考生是否能根據材料所提供的信息，結合自己已有的經驗常識，正確判斷生詞或短語的含義。
⑵ 高考英語閱讀理解命題特點及答題技巧有哪些
知己知彼：復弄清命題理念要知道製做題的秘訣，首先要知道命題人的思想。高考的目的就是分個等級，把大家區別開來，所以在能夠區別的地方設置題目「為難」大家。因此命題老師會挖空心思來出題。高考英語閱讀選中擇題答案就兩種：right or wrong。題支命題的構成方式就是「干擾+陷阱」，陷阱就是下面的錯誤類型。掌握了操作技巧，做閱讀理解既迅速又正確。做題技巧歸納起來就是：找出「right answer」，斃掉「wrong answers'。
⑶ 高考英語閱讀選題目題如何做
一、考點聚焦
1、題型特點
閱讀是理解和吸收書面信息的能力。《中學英語教學大綱》規定，中學生應側重培養閱讀理解能力。
閱讀材料的選取原則為：
（1）閱讀量不少於1000個單詞。近三年超過2000字篇數為5篇，讀速要求為44.2，44.6和46.3wpm。
（2）題材多樣化，包括科普、社會、文化、政治、史地、經濟、新聞報道乃至廣告說明。
（3）體裁避免單一化，包括記敘文、說明文、應用文等。
2、試題要求
（1）掌握所讀材料的主旨和大意，以及用以說明主旨和大意的事實和細節。
（2）既理解具體的事實，也理解抽象的概念。
（3）既理解字面意思，也理解深層含義，包括作者的態度、意圖等。
（4）既理解某句、某段的意義也理解全篇的邏輯關系，並據此進行推理和判斷。
（5）能根據材料所提供的信息，結合中學生應有的常識正確判斷生詞的含義。
3、基本能力
（1）能迅速看準每句的結構，抓住主句的主語、謂語、賓語。
（2）有一定的詞彙量和辨詞能力。
（3）能靈活運用所學語法知識，根據句中的某個詞迅速斷定真假、語態和時態等。
（4）對英美文化背景知識有一定了解。
（5）有良好的思維能力，能邊看邊加工所得到的信息，從而作出正確分析、判斷和綜合。
（6）有平時大量閱讀作基礎，有一定的語感和相當的閱讀速度。
二、應試技巧點撥
1、四個步驟
（1）速讀短文，了解短文的主旨大意，辨別文體，掌握結構。
（2）看題。了解考查內容，帶著問題讀材料，尋找答案。
（3）復讀。對所選答案有針對性地尋找支撐論點的關鍵信息。
（4）核查。注意各題的答案應邏輯一致，不能自相矛盾。盡可能找到（從文中）根據，確保正確無誤。
2、四個善於
（1）關於審題，找出文中依據。
（2）善於尋找線索。
（3）善於抓主題句，解決概括題。
（4）善於篩選、比較、衡量、綜合文章的有用信息。
3、三個避免
（1）只見樹木不見林。
（2）難題耗時太多。
（3）閱讀方式不當。
三、精典範例
例1 （NMET 2001）
Shanghai: Car rentals（出租）are becoming more and more popular as an inexpensive way of taking to the roads. Business people, foreigners and families alike are making good use of the growing instry.
The first car rental firm opened in Shanghai in 1992 and now 12 car rental players are in the game, with more than 11,500 cars in their books.
The largest player—Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental Center offers a wide variety of choices—deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches. Santana sedans are big favorite.
Firms can attract enough customers for 70 percent of their cars every month. This figure shoots up ring holiday seasons like National Day, Labor Day and New Year's Day, with some recording 100 percent rental.
The major market force rests in the growing population of white-collar employees（白領雇員），who can afford the new service, said Zhuang Yu, marketing manager of Shanghai Angel car Rental Co.
( )1. The words "deluxe sedans","minivans"and "station wagons"used in the text refer to ___________.
A.cars in the making B.car rental firms
C.cars for rent D.car makers
( )2. Which of the following statements is true according to the text?
A. 70% of the cars can be rented out on holiday.
B. 70% of the customers are while-collar employees.
C. More firms are open for service ring holiday seasons.
D. Some firms rent out all their cars ring holiday seasons.
( )3. Shanghai's car rental instry is growing so fast mainly e to ___________.
A. better cars supplied by procers.
B. fast service offered by car rental firms.
C. the increasing number of white-collar emplioyees.
D. people's growing interest in travelling ring holidays.
解析：
1.C。上文提到："Shanghai Bashi旅遊車租賃中心"提供了廣泛豐富的選擇，可判斷選擇的內容為可供租賃的車型。故選C。
2.D。文中提到的數據70%為"每月汽車租出量"，故A、B都不正確。"This figure shoots up ring holiday seasons …, with some recording 100 percent rental"判斷出D項陳述正確的，即"一些公司在節假日里能夠把汽車全部租出去。"
3.C。文章最後一段引用"汽車租賃中心市場經理"（Zhuang Yu）的話解釋了上海汽車租賃行車迅猛發展的原因根源於"the growing population of white-collar employees"。故選C。
例2：（2004年全國卷II）
Rome had the Forum. London has Speaker's Corner. Now always–on– the-go New Yorkers have Liz and Bill.
Liz and Bill, two college graates in their early 20s, have spent a whole year trying to have thousands of people talk to them in subway stations and on busy street corners. Just talk.
Using a 2-foot-tall sign that says,"Talk to Me."they attract conversatio- nalists, who one evening included a mental patient, and men in business suits.
They don't collect money. They don't push religion(宗教). So what's the point?
"To see what happens, said Liz."We simply enjoy life with open communication（交流）."
Shortly after the September 11,2001 attacks, they decided to walk from New York City to Washington, a 270-mile trip. They found they loved talking to people along the way and wanted to continue talking with strangers after their return.
"It started as a crazy idea,"Liz said."We were so curious about all the strangers walking by with their life stories. People will talk to us about anything: their jobs, their clothes, their childhood experiences, anything."
Denise wanted to talk about an exam she was about to take. She had stopped by for the second time in two days, to let the two listeners know how it went.
Marcia had lost her husband to a serious disease."That was very heavy on my mind,"Marcia said."To be able to talk about it to total strangers was very good,"she explained.
To celebrate a year of talking, the two held a get-together in a city park for all the people they had met over the past year. A few hundred people showed up, as well as some television cameramen and reporters.
They may plan more parties or try to attract more people to join their informal talks. Some publishers have expressed interest in a book, something they say they'll consider.
1. What did Liz and Bill start doing after September 2001?
A. Chatting with people. B. Setting up street signs
C. Telling stories to strangers D. Organizing a speaker's corner
2. What they have been doing can be described as .
A. pointless B. normal C. crazy D. successful
3. Why are Denise and Marcia mentioned in the text?
A. They knew Liz and Bill very well.
B. They happened to meet the writer of the text.
C. They organized the get-together in the city park.
D. They are examples of those who talked to Liz and Bill.
4. What will Liz and Bill do in the future?
A. Go in for publishing. B. Do more television programs.
C. Continue what they are doing. D. Spend more time reading books.
5. How do they like they idea of writing a book?
A. They have decided to wait a year or two
B. They will think about it carefully
C. They agreed immediately
D. They find it hard to do that
解析：
1.A。本篇講述了兩個大學畢業生與陌生人交談，傾聽人們向他們傾述的互惠的活動。文章從聯想開始，簡介Liz and Bill（這是兩個人的名字，又是交談與傾聽活動的名稱）做什麼，怎樣開始的，效果如何，未來打算等，其中等六段和第七段是插敘（從shortly after…到…experiences, anything.），講述的就是兩個年輕人怎樣開始這一活動的。故選A項；開始與人聊天。
2.D。Liz and Bill活動很成功。從倒數第二段可知：為慶祝該活動一周所舉辦的聚會，有許多人參加，記者和攝影師都來了，說明很成功。
3.D。Liz和Bill同許多人談生活，傾聽過許多人跟他們談心，Denise和Marcia是其中的兩人。提到他們來做例子。
4.C。最後一段的前一句說明他們還想吸引更多的人來加入這一活動，與他們聊天。故選C。
5.B。本題問Liz和Bill怎麼看待寫本書這回事，全篇最後一句可知，但本句結構較復雜。something是代詞，是a book的同位語，"they'll consider"是定語從句，"they say"起到插入語的作用。全句可譯為：有些出版商表達了給Liz和Bill 出本書的興趣，Liz和Bill說他們會考慮這件事。consider一詞可解釋為think about carefully，"something"指出書寫書。故選B。
例3：
My first reaction was annoyance. It was Friday afternoon, and I was within an hour of finishing my work for the week. As I was leaving, a nurse brought me one more patient message. The statement read: "Mrs.Jones called to say that she has had blurred vision（視覺模糊）ever since her medical test this morning."I smiled. Suddenly our tests were causing eye problems.
This week my patients had questioned everything. My patient with high blood pressure had stopped coming to her treatment on the advice of an Internet chat room. A woman who had a mental problem was substituting(用……代替)St . John's word for her medication. Now Mrs. Jones was imagining problems. I rolled my eyes.
My second reaction was worry. As I looked through her record, I tried to figure out why she would have blurred vision, but nothing in her record explained the new problem. She's probably just anxious, I thought. Still, she wouldn't have called if she had been all right. I picked up the phone.
What I next felt can only be described as delight. Before I made the call, the nurse ran in: Mrs. Jones called. Her vision is fine. Turns out she picked up the wrong glasses when she left the office. The X-raytechnician has been having the same problem. I let out a laugh. Mrs. Jones had been right. Her vision had been blurred. Now we know why.
Finally I felt shame. I came to realize what Mrs. Jones had taught me. I had first known she was wrong, that her anxiety had clouded her judgment. Instead, my medical training had clouded mine. Now I me for my help. They pay me to listen, diagnose（診斷），treat and talk. That suggests trust; I must remember that, and trust them too.
1.The writer smiled while reading the patient message because he knew .
A. Mrs. Jones would ask for more tests
B. the patient was being unreasonable
C. the nurse was joking with him
D. Mrs. Jones would call him
2. What had caused Mrs . Jones' eye problem?
A. Wrong glasses B. Medical checkup.
C. Her own imagination D. Chatting on the Internet
3.The underlined words"clouded her judgment"in the last paragraph probably mean .
A. made her less trustful toward the doctor
B. put her in control of her own feelings
C. made her less able to think clearly
D. put her in a dangerous situation
解析：
1.B。本篇講一個醫生要結束一周的工作時幾分鍾內的心理歷程。一周來，病人們不斷懷疑或不信任自己，其中一個病人Mrs.Jones也來電話說上午看完病後眼睛看不清東西，醫生先是煩躁，進而擔心焦慮是否真的有問題或病人只是在想像，再而是高興——Mrs.Jones只是戴錯了眼鏡，自己的診斷治療沒問題。最後是慚愧，病人還是信任自己的，自己也必須信任病人。文章第二段活用了許多過去完成時，說明這些事先發生，許多病人開始沒道理地懷疑自己，現在又輪到Mrs.Jones。所以醫生知道這位病人有些沒理性。
2.A。第四段的前幾句說明了Mrs.Jones視力正常，（下班）離開辦公室時拿錯了眼鏡。
3.C。畫線部分中cloud作動詞用，是用雲擋住的意思，整體畫線部分應是"影響了她的判斷力，使她不能正常思考"，本題可用代入法解決。
例4：
It's not the flashiest car in the world. Not even close. But the 1971 Volkswagen named Helios can do something most cars can't : run on solar energy—energy from the sun's light and head!
Joshua Bechtold, 14,and the other students at the Riverside School in Lyndonville, Vermont, worked They named their car after Helios, the sun god in Greek mythology（神話）。
The 4-year-old Tour de Sol encourages the use of "green",or environmen- tally friendly, cars to help rece pollution and save enengy. It's not a race. Cars are judged on fuel efficiency（耗油量）rather than speed. In the week-long event, 44 cars took the 350-mile tour from Waterbury, Connecticut, to Lake George, New York. Of the 23 student cars, Helios was the only one built by middle school students.
A teacher drove Helios, but the children talked with people wherever they stopped along the road."That was my favorite part,"says Anna Browne,15."We explained how the car runs."
Due in part to old, inefficient batteries（電池），Helios finished fourth—out of four—in its kind, the sun-powered class."We were there for the fun of it,"Anna says,"We're proud of Helios,"says Ariel Gleicher, 14."It's a car that's good for the environment."
1. What is special about the car Helios in the text?
A. It was built by middle school students
B. It has an attractive design
C. It was made in 1971
D. It won the fourth prize
2. How many sun-powered cars took part in the race?
A. 1 B. 4 C. 23 D. 44
3. What would be the best title for the text?
A. The Making of Helios
B. 1999 American Tour de Sol
C. Sun-powered Gars on the Road
D. Use of Green Cars in Connecticut
4. The students felt proud of Helios because .
A. it could run as far as 350 miles
B. it was favored by many children
C. it had high-quality batteries
D. it was driven by clean energy
解析：
1.A。從第一段"run on solar energy"和第二段"Joshua Bechtold,14, and the other students…worked many months to get Helois ready."可知本車利用太陽能，並且由學生製做。
2.B。從最後一段"Helois finished fourth-out of four-in its kind, the sun-powered class"可知，四輛同類車參賽，Helois得第四名。
3.C。全文講述Helois這類太陽能車。本文不止講Helois的製作，排除A。本文講Helois參賽前後的事，不以賽事為主，排除B。環保汽車的使用不止在Connectinut, 排除D。
4.D。學生們對此車感到自豪是因為該車環保，而非車速或小孩子喜歡，且它的電池舊而效率低，排除其他各項。
例5：
The other day, my friend Jane was invited to a 40th birthday party. The time printed on the invitation was 7:30 pm. Jane went off with her husband, expecting a merry evening of wine, food, and song.
By 9:45,everybody was having great fun, but no food had appeared. Jane and David were restless. Other guests began whispering that they, too, were starving. But no one wanted to leave, just in case some food was about to appear. By 11:00, there was still no food, and everyone was completely off their heads. Jane and David left hungry and angry.
Their experience suggests that the words on the printed invitations need to be made clearer. Everyone reads and understands the invitations differently. Most of us would agree that 6:30—8:30pm means drinks only, go out to dinner afterwards; 8:00pm or 8:30pm means possible dinner, but 9:30pm and any time thereafter means no food, eat beforehand, roll up late.
But this is not always the case. If asked to a students' party at 6:30pm, it is normal for guests not to appear before midnight, if at all, and no one cares. Being the first to arrive—looking eager—is social death. When my mother asked to a party for 6:30, she likes to be there, if not on time, then no later than seven. My age group (late thirties)falls somewhere between the two, but because we still think we're young. We're probably closer to student-time than grown-up time.
The accepted custom at present is confusing（混亂的），sometimes annoying, and it often means you may go home hungry, but it does lend every part that precious element（成分）of surprise.
1. The underlined words"off their heads"probably mean .
A. tired B. crazy C. curious D. hopeless
2. Jane and David's story is used to show that .
A. party-goers usually get hungry at parties
B. party invitations can be confusing
C. people should ask for food at parties
D. birthday parties for middle-aged people are ll
3. For some young people, arriving on time for a students' party will probably be considered .
A. very difficult B. particularly thoughtful
C. friendly and polite D. socially unacceptable
4. According to the writer, people in their late thirties .
A. are likely to arrive late for a party
B. care little about the party time
C. haven't really grown up yet
D. like surprises at parties
5. What is the general idea of the text? .
A. It's safe to arrive late just when food is served
B. It's wise to eat something before going to a party
C. It's important to follow social rules of party-going
D. It's necessary to read invitations carefully
解析：
1.B。參加晚會的人沒吃晚飯，到晚11點，人們餓瘋了。
2.B。開頭的故事做為例子，說明邀請信函令人迷茫，人們無法把握該如何去做。
3.D。第四段前幾句說明，年輕的學生赴晚會遲到很正常。急切地第一個趕到的人太少見了。
4.A。第四段最後提及三十多歲的人參加晚會的時間接近學生的時間，故可能遲到。
5.C。全文可知，不同年齡段的人到達晚會的時間不同，對晚會時間理解不同，不遵從社會習慣，便會出現餓肚子等現象。所以，按社會習俗參加晚會極為重要。
例6：
Cannes will rock to the sound of a cancan dance this year when Moulin Rouge by the Australian director Baz Luhrmann opens the French film festival
(電影節)in May. The musical stars Nicole Kidman as a singer, and John Leguizamo as the artist Henri de Toulouse-Lautree. It will be competing for the palme d'Or, the festival's top prize. The festival runs to May 21.
The American actor Tommy Lee Jones, 54, has married his longtime girlfriend, Dawn Maria Laurel, 36, in a private wedding in San Antonio."It wasn't a big to-do,"said Fred Biery, a U.S. District Judge who performed the service. He refused to discuss things further."These are very private people,"he said.
Loretta Lynn is being treated for a very bad cold in Tennessee and will miss several appearances. The country singer, 65, was admitted to a hospital near her home in Hurricane Mills."She is in good condition, but the doctors are watching her closely,"a spokeswoman said.
The French-Algerian singer Enrico Macias was named a United Nations peace messenger. Enrico joins eight other people who act as goodwill envoys（使者）for the United Nations, among them are the writer Elie Wiesel and the basketball player Magie Johnson.
1. We can learn from the text that Henri de Toulouse-Lantree is .
A. a figure in a film B. a dancer in a show
C. a country singer D. a prize winner
2. We know from the text that .
A. Moulin Rouge won the top prize in a film festival
B. Loretta Lynn is under the doctor's care
C. eight people serve as the UN goodwill enjoys
D. Fred Biery was Tommy Lee Jones' assistant
3. This text most probably appears in .
A. a book on film stars B. a film review in a magazine
C. a newspaper D. a notice
解析：
1.A。第一段"…and John Leguizamo as the artist Hentti de You-louse－ Lautree."可知，as前省略了will act, as前的人是一個演員，其後的人是電影中的角色。
2.B。第四段"She (Loretta Lynn)is in good condition, but the doctors are watching her closely"可知答案。Moulin Rough（一部影片）即將參加電影節，尚未獲獎，排除A。Enrico Macias同其他八人一道，共九人，排除C。Fred Biery是一個法官，故排除D。
3.C。全文四小段文章均是關於影視娛樂圈的事，應該是從報紙的休閑娛樂欄目中選取的文章。
來自www.jxue.com/mid
⑷ 誰有高考英語閱讀理解長篇的題目，越多越好
Passage 1
Up，，and Away！
Anadventurer who became the first person to fly across the English Channel on aclusterof balloons has launched a house into the sky just like inthe hit movie Up-in reparation for a more ambitious journey and a new record．
FearlessTrappe，from North Carolina，stepped into the cartoon themed home before flying above the LeonInternational Balloon Festival in Mexico more than a week ago．
The38-year-old Trappe was using the event as a warm-up for his plannedtrans-Atlantic flight scheled for next summer．He aims to complete the 2，500-mile journey in a seven-foot lifeboat carried by 365 huge heliumballoons．
Thebrave man is learning to sail a lifeboat，in case he needs to ditch intothe ocean ring the danger-filled adventure．
Hesill fly at between 18，000 feet and 25，000 feet，beating his previous world altituderecord of 21，600 feet，and must fly uninterrupted a distance ten times longer than his previousworld record of 230 miles in order to succeed．
Theadventurer Trappe，who holds records forcrossing the Alps，flying the most clusterballoons，and the longest distance，has spent his entire career，building up to thisambitious plan．
「Ididn』t wake up one day and think：『I』 going to fly acrossthe Atlantic，』」he said．「Every attempt before this was prepared for this fight，I』ve been training for a long time」．
1．The adventurer flew acrossthe English Channel to__________．
A．test the balloons B．launch a house
C．shoot a hit movie D．prepare for breaking a record
2．To finish the journey，he will fly a distance of__________．
A．2500 miles B．18，000 feet C．25，000 feet D．230 miles
3．About the ambitiousjourney，which is NOT mentioned in thepassage?
A．When he will fly B．How high he sill fly
C．How far he will fly D．How long it will take him
4．How many world recordsdoes Jonathan hold?
A．Two B．Three C．Four D．Five
5．What does he lastparagraph imply?
A．Trappe can』t sleepworrying about the adventure
B．Trappe was born to set world records
C．Trappe always keeps his ambition in mind
D．Trappe never thought of crossing the Atlanticbefore
Passage 2
Everyday we go to school and listen to the teacher，and the teacher will askus some questions．Sometimes，the classmates will ask your opinions of the work of the class．When you are telling others in the class what you have found out aboutthese topics，remember that they must be able tohear what you are saying．You are not taking part ina family conversation or having a chat with friends---you are in a slightlyunnatural situation where a large group of people will remain silent，waiting to hear what you have to say．You must speak so thatthey can hear you---loudly enough and clearly enough but without trying toshout or appearing to force yourself．
Remember，too，that it is the same if you are calledto an interview whether it is with a professor of your school or a governmentofficial who might meet you．The person you are seeingwill try to put you at your ease but the situation is somewhat different fromthat of a ordinary conversation．You must take special carethat you can be heard．
1．When you speak to theclass，you should speak ______．
A．as slowly as possible B．in a low voice C．loudly D．forcefully
2．Usually，when you speak to the class，the class is _______．
A．noisy B．quiet C．having a rest D．serious
3 The situation in the class is ______ that in yourhouse．
A．not very different from B．sometimes the same as
C．sometimes not the same as D．not the same as
4．If you are having aconversation with an official，the most important thingfor you is ______．
A．to show your ability B．to be very gentle
C．to make sure that you can be heard D．to put the official at ease
5．The main idea of thispassage is ______．
A．that we should talk indifferent ways in different situations
B．that we must speak loudly
C．that we must keep silent at any time
D．that we must talk with the class
Passage 3
About21，000 young people in 17 Americanstates do not attend classes in school buildings．
Instead，they receive their elementary and high school ecation by working athome on computers．The Center for EcationReform says the United States has 67 public 「cyberschools．」 and that is about twice as many as two years ago．
The money for students to attend a cyberschoolcomes from the governments of the states where they live．Some ecators say cyberschools receive money that should supporttraditional public schools．They also say it isdifficult to know if students are learning well．
Other ecators praise this new form of ecation for letting studentswork at their own speed．These people saycyberschools help students who were unhappy or unsuccessful in traditionalschools．They say learning at home by computerends long bus rides for children who live far from school．
Whatever the judgement of cyberschools，they are getting more andmore popular．For example，a new cyberschool called Commonwealth Connections Academy will take instudents this fall．It will serve children inthe state of Pennsylvania from ages five through thirteen．
Children get free equipment for their online ecation．This includes a computer，a printer，books and technical services．Parents and students talkwith teachers by telephone or by sending emails through their computers whennecessary．
Students at cyberschools usually do not know one another．But 56 such students who finished studies at Western Pennsylvania CyberCharter School recently met for the first time．They were guests of honorat their graation．
1．What do we know from thetext about students of a cyberschool？
A．They have to take long bus rides toschool．
B．They study at home rather than inclassrooms．
C．They receive money from traditionalpublic schools．
D．They do well in traditional schoolprograms．
2．What is a problem withcyberschools？
A．Their equipment costs a lot of money．
B．They get little support from thestate government．
C．It is hard to know students' progressin learning．
D．The students find it hard to makefriends．
3．Cyberschools are gettingpopular became _______．
A．they are less expensivefor students
B．their students can work at their own speed
C．their graates are moresuccessful in society
D．they serve students in a wider age range
4．We can infer that theauthor of the text is _______．
A．unprejudiced in hisdescription of cyberschools
B．excited about the future ofcyberschools
C．doubtful about the qualityof cyberschoois
D．disappointed at the development ofcyberschools
高考閱讀理解：王長喜英語四級考試書——標准英語閱讀全文翻譯100篇，每篇文章都有全文翻譯，後面的結構分析也很詳細，你可以買本看看，四級英語比高中的英語詞彙量大，如果看得話，可以增加你的詞彙量，當然，是高考超綱的看起來會比較吃力。
高中英語閱讀理解帶有全文翻譯：新概念英語第四冊吧，比較經典的書，幾十年了。針對閱讀理解，建議還是提高自己的閱讀能力，我是速讀協會會員，給你推薦一個提高閱讀能的工具：
1、閱讀能力是一個籠統的概念，閱讀包含閱讀速度、閱讀理解力、整理歸納分析能力等，語文、英語閱讀在閱讀速度、歸納提取重點兩個方面表現得更明顯。
2、培養閱讀能力，首先要掌握科學高效的閱讀方法，也就是練習快速閱讀（速讀），其次養成閱讀的習慣，多讀多練。
閱讀能力是需要從小培養的，快速閱讀是一種科學、高效的讀書方法，它激活我們的「眼、腦」潛能，培養我們直接把視覺器官感知的文字元號轉換成意義，消除頭腦中潛在的發音現象，越過由發聲到理解意義的過程，形成眼腦直映式的閱讀方式。
最終實現閱讀提速、整體感知、理解記憶的飛躍。具體練習可以參考：《精英特速讀記憶訓練網站》，《精英特快速閱讀記憶訓練》是我們協會認可的，安裝軟體即可進行試用訓練，我自己練習過的，用正式軟體堅持每天練習一個多小時，15-30個小時，閱讀速度差不多能提高5-10倍的。
提高閱讀能力，培養讀書興趣，讓閱讀成為習慣，對於提高自己的認知和思考不無裨益。
3、如果是正在考試或者正在忙著備考的學生，特別閱讀記憶差的，我建議學習一下精英特，精英特速讀也是我們協會認可的。
(5)高考英語閱讀理解常考命題分類擴展閱讀:
高考過後，「一條草魚」刷了屏。事出2017年高考浙江省語文卷，其中有一道現代文閱讀題，講的是一碗草魚湯的美味。
因為題目之難，有人戲稱，枉費在朋友圈轉發了那麼多條「好運錦鯉」，沒想到敗給了一條草魚。更火上澆油的，是文章原作者鞏高峰現身，稱「標准答案沒出來，我怎麼知道我想表達什麼」。
閱讀理解題，原作者竟然「理解不了」？這種極富視覺沖擊力和諷刺意味的事件，幾乎每年都會成為熱炒話題。作家周國平日前甚至出書，題目就是《試卷中的周國平》，表達了對閱讀題出題方式的不滿。鞏高峰之所以一夜變「網紅」，正是因為這種「反諷」。
有人認為，這是高考命題不合理的典型例證：作者本人都不知道「想表達什麼」，考生怎麼會知道？這樣的考題，能檢測出真實的語文水平嗎？
然而事實真的如此嗎？我們不妨釐清兩個概念，「寫作」和「命題」。很多時候，「寫作」是一種渾然天成的狀態，作家縱然會「設計」，但往往受筆下人物、事件牽引，水到渠成，如果邊寫邊想「這段用兩種修辭」「下段用一組疊詞」，恐怕難入佳境；
「命題」恰恰相反，對命題者來說，如何用一篇文本，最大程度地考查學生語文素養，是其終極目的，在這個過程中，有分析、解讀、升華等「化驗其成分」的過程，再正常不過。
矛盾就在這個過程中產生。「畫美人者」和「解剖美人者」，心境畢竟不同，要求前者干後者的活兒，不可能沒有別扭感和沖突感，更可能「當時就這么寫的，沒細想為什麼」。
其實說到底，很多作家寫作時，憑借扎實功底和深厚積淀，很多時候「此中有真意，欲辨已忘言」，但對考生而言，必須說出個一二三來。
原作者不會閱讀題，看似矛盾，實不矛盾，因為兩者目的不同，結果自然可能會有出入。正如鞏高峰表示：「小說我寫完了，跟我就沒關系了，誰愛怎麼解讀都是可以的，老師拿去出題當然也是可以的。」
分解剖析名篇佳作，進行閱讀理解，是語文教學的重要方式。學語文如同學體操、武術，一開始要進行動作分解，經過反復練習才會變成本能；也如學書法、音樂，都要經過臨摹、背誦、模仿的階段，等到了一定水平，自然會厚積薄發。
正如中小學生寫作文時，允許想像、虛構某些場景、情節，抒寫積極正面的思想感情，這不必解讀為「撒謊作文」，對閱讀理解題「答案」的把握也是如此。
古往今來許多大師、大家，誰一開始不是從學習別人起步的呢？作為一名中學生，被老師用閱讀理解題的方式「扶一程」，很有必要。等到掌握了各種技巧，具備了一定素養，自然不必尋尋覓覓「作者想表達什麼」，而能自成一家之言。
從這個意義上說，我們不妨對「原作者做不對閱讀題」現象多點理解和寬容。閱讀理解命題最難的一點，是文章向來仁者見仁、智者見智，「一千個人心中有一千個哈姆雷特」。
但考題就是要提煉出共識部分，讓「一千個考生心中只有一個或幾個哈姆雷特」，否則就要扣分，爭議的焦點就在於此。難道問題就無解了嗎？不盡然。
語文教學中，閱讀理解不可或缺，考試也必不可少，但要想達到真實檢測考生語文素養的目的，題目不妨靈活一點，少點「標准答案」，允許「言之不同」，只要說得在理，就能得分。
這樣，無論是對培養學生的閱讀能力還是發散思維能力，抑或是增強考試的科學性、准確性，有百利而無一害。
當前，高考改革正在穩步推進，但「宏觀層面」居多，對「微觀層面」的改革尚需發力，閱讀理解考試改革不妨先行一步。
⑹ 高中英語閱讀理解題中常見詞彙
在高中應試題目中，作者意圖會在第一段出現，特別注意一些轉折意味的單詞，版如but，although，再者就是最後一段權，注意全文此類單詞。
通看全文，之後看題目回看文章，摳文章中的答案就行，在文章中有提示，
⑺ 關於英語閱讀理解命題的特點和解題技巧
一、
細節理解題的命題特點及解題方法
在閱讀理解中，多數考題是針對文章中的細節設計的，目的在於考查學生對文章主體部分的理解程度。這類題旨在考查考生對事件、時間、地點、人物關系等細節的理解程度，快速捕捉細節以及多點歸納的能力。做細節理解題，需要考生具備細心觀察的品質和一定的解題技巧。與推理判斷類試題一樣，細節類試題的依據是文章本身的內容，它是我們答題的唯一依據。
二、
推理判斷題的命題特點及解題方法
文章信息不僅僅存在於文字表面，還包括字里行間作者未明言但意欲表達的意圖，即作者的「弦外之音」。高考英語試題中的推理判斷題，就是旨在考查考生對文章內涵的推理判斷能力。
做這類題時必須注意兩點：
一是推理的依據只能是文章本身的內容，一定要擺脫讀者對問題的主觀看法；
二是結合所讀短文以外的有關背景知識和事理邏輯，加以分析、推理，最後作出符合邏輯的判斷。
三、
主旨大意題的命題特點及解題方法
主旨大意題旨在考查考生把握全文主題大意和中心思想的能力，也包括分析、歸納文章段落大意、重要情節、人物特徵以及環境特點等能力。做這類試題需要考生具有總體把握文章的能力，以及善於運用概念、判斷、歸納推理等邏輯思維能力。同時應特別注意的是，一切從文章本身出發，切忌主觀臆斷。
四、
猜測詞義題的命題特點及解題方法
猜測詞義包括對片語和句意的理解，是高考英語試題中的常考題。答題者首先應該知道，這類題中的詞、片語或句子都是可以根據文章內容推知其含義的，這是命題的基本要求。根據所猜詞的特點，我們可以把它分成以下兩類：
1.
這個詞是可以分析的，即可以運用構詞法知識（如前、後綴等）來判斷它的詞義；
2.
有較完整連貫的語境，即有比較明確的情景限制，此時可根據上下文（包括對比、因果、同等關系等）推測其詞義；
針對這兩種試題的特點我么可以採用以下的答題方法：
1.
構詞法信息。對於派生法和合成法類詞，只要將已知詞的詞義或者前後綴的含義結合起來分析，便可以推知其詞義；對於轉化法類詞，則應根據它本身的基本含義，結合上下文的邏輯關系推知。
2.
上下文信息。包括對單詞詞義和片語含義的推斷，以及對整個句子意思的猜測。近幾年的高考試題中，猜測整個句意或者短語意思的試題越來越多。