英語閱讀十大意識
⑴ 做英語閱讀理解的重要詞彙
高考閱讀高頻詞彙
1.alter v. 改變,改動,變更
2.burst vi.n. 突然發生,爆裂
3.dispose vi. 除掉;處置;解決;處理(of)
4.blast n. 爆炸;氣流 vi. 炸,炸掉
5.consume v. 消耗,耗盡
6.split v. 劈開;割裂;分裂 a.裂開的
7.spit v. 吐(唾液等);唾棄
8.spill v. 溢出,濺出,倒出
9.slip v. 滑動,滑落;忽略
10.slide v. 滑動,滑落 n. 滑動;滑面;幻燈片
11.bacteria n. 細菌
12.breed n. 種,品種 v. 繁殖,產仔
13.budget n. 預算 v. 編預算,作安排
14.candidate n. 候選人
15.campus n. 校園
16.liberal a. 慷慨的;豐富的;自由的
17.transform v. 轉變,變革;變換
18.transmit v. 傳播,播送;傳遞
19.transplant v. 移植
20.transport vt. 運輸,運送 n. 運輸,運輸工具
21.shift v. 轉移;轉動;轉變
22.vary v. 變化,改變;使多樣化
23.vanish vi. 消滅,不見
24.swallow v. 吞下,咽下 n. 燕子
25.suspicion n. 懷疑,疑心
26.suspicious a. 懷疑的,可疑的
27.mild a. 溫暖的,暖和的;溫柔的,味淡的
28.tender a. 溫柔的;脆弱的
29.nuisance n. 損害,妨害,討厭(的人或事物)
30.insignificant a. 無意義的,無足輕重的;無價值的
31.accelerate vt. 加速,促進
32.absolute a. 絕對的,無條件的;完全的
33.boundary n. 分界線,邊界
34.brake n. 剎車,制動器 v. 剎住(車)
35.catalog n. 目錄(冊) v. 編目
36.vague a. 模糊的,不明確的
37.vain n. 徒勞,白費
38.extinct a. 絕滅的,熄滅的
39.extraordinary a. 不平常的,特別的,非凡的
40.extreme a. 極度的,極端的 n. 極端,過分
41.agent n. 代理人,代理商;動因,原因
42.alcohol n. 含酒精的飲料,酒精
43.appeal n./vi. 呼籲,懇求
44.appreciate vt. 重視,賞識,欣賞
45.approve v. 贊成,同意,批准
46.stimulate vt. 刺激,激勵
47.acquire vt. 取得,獲得;學到
48.accomplish vt .完成,到達;實行
49.network n. 網狀物;廣播網,電視網;網路
50.tide n. 潮汐;潮流
51.tidy a. 整潔的,整齊的
52.trace vt. 追蹤,找到 n. 痕跡,蹤跡
53.torture n./vt. 拷打,折磨
54.wander vi. 漫遊,閑逛
55.wax n. 蠟
56.weave v. 織,編
57.preserve v. 保護,保存,保持,維持
61. abuse v. 濫用,虐待;謾罵
62. academic a. 學術的;高等院校的;研究院的
63. academy n. (高等)專科院校;學會
64. battery n. 電池(組)
65. barrier n. 障礙;棚欄
66. cargo n. (船、飛機等裝載的)貨物
67. career n. 生涯,職業
68. vessel n. 船舶;容器,器皿;血管
69. vertical a. 垂直的
70. oblige v. 迫使,責成;使感激
71. obscure a. 陰暗,模糊
72. extent n. 程度,范圍,大小,限度
73. exterior n. 外部,外表 a. 外部的,外表的
74. external a. 外部的,外表的,外面的
75. petrol n. 汽油
76. petroleum n. 石油
77. delay vt./n. 推遲,延誤,耽擱
78. decay vi. 腐爛,腐朽
79. decent a. 像樣的,體面的
80. route n. 路;路線;航線
81. ruin v. 毀壞,破壞 n. 毀滅,[pl.]廢墟
82. sake n. 緣故,理由
83. satellite n. 衛星
84. scale n. 大小,規模;等級;刻度
85. temple n. 廟宇
86. tedious a. 乏味道,單調的
87. tend vi.易於,趨向
88. tendency n.趨向,趨勢
89. ultimate a. 極端的,最大的,最終的 n. 極端
90. undergo v. 經歷,遭受
91. abundant a. 豐富的,充裕的,大量的
92. adopt v. 收養;採用;採納
93. adapt vi. 適應,適合;改編,改寫 vt. 使適應
94. bachelor n. 學士,學士學位;單身漢
95. casual a. 偶然的,碰巧的;臨時的;非正式的
96. trap n. 陷阱,圈套 v. 設陷阱捕捉
97. vacant a. 空的,未佔用的
98. vacuum n. 真空,真空吸塵器
99. oral a. 口頭的,口述的,口的
101. organ n. 器官,風琴
102. excess n. 過分,過量,過剩
103. expel v. 驅逐,開除,趕出
104. expend v. 消費
105. expenditure n. 支出,消費;經費
106. expense n. 開銷,費用
107. expensive a. 花錢多的;價格高貴的
108. expand v. 擴大,擴張;展開,膨脹
109. expansion n. 擴大,擴充;發展,膨脹
110. private a. 私人的,個人的
111. indivial a. 個別的,單獨的 n. 個人,個體
112. personal a. 個人的,私人的;親自的
114. personnel n. [總稱]人員,員工;人事部門
115. the Pacific Ocean 太平洋
116. the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋
117. the Arctic Ocean 北冰洋
118. the Antarctic Ocean 南冰洋
119. grant vt. 授予,同意,准予
119. grand a. 宏偉大,壯麗的,重大的
120. invade v. 侵入,侵略,侵襲
121. acid n. 酸,酸性物質 a. 酸的;尖刻的
122. acknowledge v. 承認;致謝
123. balcony n. 陽台
124. calculate vt. 計算,核算
125. calendar n. 日歷,月歷
126. optimistic a. 樂觀
127. optional a. 可以任選的,非強制的
128. outstanding a. 傑出的,突出的,顯著的
129. export n. 出口(物) v. 出口,輸出
130. import n. 進口(物) v. 進口,輸入
131. impose vt. 把...加強(on);採用,利用
132. religion n. 宗教,宗教信仰
133. religious a. 宗教的
134. victim n. 犧牲品,受害者
135. video n. 電視,視頻 a. 電視的,錄像的
136. videotape n. 錄像磁帶 v. 把...錄在錄像帶上
137. offend v. 冒犯,觸犯
138. bother v. 打攪,麻煩
139. interfere v. 干涉,干擾,妨礙
140. internal a. 內部的,國內的
141. beforehand ad. 預先,事先
142. racial a. 人種的種族的
143. radiation n. 放射物,輻射
144. radical a.根本的;激進的
145. range n. 幅度,范圍 v. (在某范圍內)變動
146. wonder n. 驚奇,奇跡 v. 想知道,對...感到疑惑
147. isolate vt. 使隔離,使孤立
148. issue n. 問題,爭論點;發行,(報刊)一期
149. hollow a. 空的,中空的,空虛道
150. hook n. 鉤 vt. 鉤住
151. adequate a. 適當地;足夠
152. adhere vi. 粘附,附著;遵守,堅持
153. ban vt. 取締,禁止
154. capture vt. 俘虜,捕獲
155. valid a. 有效的,有根據的;正當的
156. valley n. 山谷,峽谷
157. consistent a. 堅固定;一致的,始終如一的
158. continuous a. 繼續的,連續(不斷)的
159. continual a. 不斷地,頻繁的
160. explode v. 爆炸;爆發;激增
161. exploit v. 剝削;利用,開采
162. explore v. 勘探
163. explosion n. 爆炸;爆發;激增
164. explosive a. 爆炸的;極易引起爭論的
165. remote a. 遙遠的,偏僻的
166. removal n. 除去,消除
167. render vt. 使得,致使
167. render vt.呈遞, 歸還, 著色, 匯報, 致使, 放棄, 表演, 實施 vi.給予補償 n.交納, 粉刷, 打底
168. precaution n. 預防,防備,警惕
169. idle a. 懶散的,無所事事的
170. identify vt. 認出,鑒定
171. identify n. 身份;個性,特性
172. poverty n. 貧窮
173. resistant a. (to)抵抗的,抗...的,耐...的
174. resolve vt. 解決;決定,決意
175. barrel n. 桶
176. bargain n. 便宜貨 vi. 討價還價
177. coarse a. 粗的,粗糙的,粗劣的
178. coach n. 教練;長途公共汽車
179. code n. 准則,法規,密碼
180. coil n. 線圈 v. 卷,盤繞
181. alt n. 成年人
182. advertise v. 為...做廣告
183. advertisement n. 廣告
184. agency n. 代理商,經銷商
185. focus v.(使)聚集 n. 焦點,中心,聚焦
186. forbid vt. 不許,禁止
187. debate n./v. 辯論,爭論
188. debt n. 欠債
189. decade n. 十年
190. enclose vt. 圍住;把...裝入信封
191. encounter vt./n. 遭遇,遭到
192. globe n. 地球,世界;地球儀
193. global a. 全球的;總的
194. scan vt. 細看;掃描;瀏覽
195. scandal n. 醜事,丑聞
196. significance n. 意義;重要性
197. subsequent a. 隨後的,後來的
198. virtue n. 美德,優點
199. virtual a. 實際上的,事實上的
200. orient vt. 使適應,(to,toward)使朝向 n. 東方
201. portion n. 一部分
202. target n. 目標,靶子 vt. 瞄準
203. portable a. 手提式的
204. decline v. 拒絕,謝絕;下降
205. illusion n. 錯覺
206. likelihood n. 可能,可能性
207. stripe n. 條紋
208. emphasize vt. 強調,著重
209. emotion n. 情感,感情
210. emotional a. 感情的,情緒(上)的
211. awful a. 極壞的,威嚴的,可怕的
212. awkward a. 笨拙的,棘手的
213. clue n. 線索,提示
214. collision n. 碰撞,沖突
215. device n. 裝置,設備
216. devise vt. 發明,策劃,想出
217. inevitable a. 不可避免的
218. naval a. 海軍的
219. navigation n. 航行
220. necessity n. 必需品;必要性
221. previous a. 先,前,以前的
222. provision n. [pl.]給養,口糧;准備,設備,裝置
223. pursue vt. 追逐;追求;從事,進行
224. stale a. 不新鮮的,陳腐的
225. substitute n. 代用品 vt. 代替
226. deserve vt. 應受,應得,值得
227. discrimination n. 歧視;辨別力
228. professional a. 職業的,專門的
229. secure a. 安全的,可靠的
230. security n. 安全,保障
231. scratch v./n. 抓,搔,扒
232. talent n. 才能,天資;人才
233. insurance n. 保險,保險費
234. insure vt. 給...保險,保證,確保
235. nevertheless ad. 仍然,然而,不過
236. neutral a. 中立的,中性的
237. spot n. 地點;斑點 vt. 認出,發現;玷污
238. spray v. 噴,(使)濺散
239. medium a. 中等的,適中的 n. 媒介物,新聞媒介
240. media n. 新聞傳媒
241. auxiliary a. 輔助的,備用的
242. automatic a. 自動的
243. compete vi. 競爭,比賽
244. competent a. 有能力的,能勝任的
245. competition n. 競爭,比賽
246. distribute vt. 分發
247. disturb vt. 打攪,妨礙
248. infer v. 推論,推斷
249. integrate v.(使)成為一體,(使)合並
250. moist a. 潮濕
251. moisture n. 潮濕
252. promote vt. 促進;提升
253. region n. 地區;范圍;幅度
254. register v./n.登記,注冊
255. stable a. 穩定的
256. sophisticated a. 老於世故的,老練的;很復雜的
257. splendid a. 極好的,壯麗的,輝煌的
258. cancel vt. 取消,廢除
259. variable a. 易變的,可變的
260. prospect n. 前景,前途;景象
261. prosperity n.興旺,繁榮
262. aspect n. 方面;朝向;面貌
263. cope vi. (with)(成功地)應付,處理
264. core n. 果心,核心
265. maintain vt. 維持,保持;堅持,主張
266. mainland n. 大陸
267. discipline n. 紀律;懲罰;學科
268. domestic a. 本國的,國內的;家用的;家庭的
269. constant a. 不變的,恆定的 n. 常數
270. cliff n. 懸崖,峭壁
271. authority n. 權威;當局
272. audio a. 聽覺
273. attitude n. 態度
274. community n. 社區,社會
275. commit vt.犯(錯誤,罪行等),干(壞事等)
276. comment n./vt. 評論
277. distinguish vt. 區分,辨別
278. distress n. 痛苦,悲傷 vt. 使痛苦
279. facility n. [pl.] 設備,設施;便利,方便
280. faculty n.能力,技能;系,學科/院;全體教員
281. mixture n. 混合,混合物
282. mood n. 心情,情緒;語氣
283. moral a. 道德上的,有道德的
284. prominent a. 突出的
285. substance n. 物質;實質
286. substantial a. 可觀的;牢固的;實質的
287. prompt vt. 促使 a. 敏捷的,及時的
288. vivid a. 生動的
289. vocabulary n. 詞彙(量);詞彙表
290. venture n. 風險投資,風險項目 v. 冒險;取於
291. version n. 版本,譯本;說法
292. waist n. 腰,腰部
293. weld v./n. 焊接
294. yawn vi. 打哈欠
295. yield vi. (to)屈服於;讓出,放棄 n. 產量
296. zone n. 地區,區域
297. strategy n. 戰略,策略
298. strategic a. 戰略(上)的,關鍵的
299. tense a. 緊張的 v. 拉緊 n. 時態
300. tension n. 緊張(狀態),張力
301. avenue n. 林蔭道,大街
302. available a. 現成可用的;可得到的
303. comparable a. (with,to)可比較的,類似的
304. comparative a. 比較的,相對的
305. dash vi. 猛沖,飛奔
306. data n. 數據,資料
307. dive vi. 跳水,潛水
308. diverse a. 不同的,多種多樣的
309. entitle vt. 給...權利,給...資格
310. regulate vt. 管理,調節
311. release vt./n. 釋放,排放;解釋解脫
312. exaggerate v. 誇大,誇張
313. evil a. 邪惡的,壞的
314. shrink vi. 起皺,收縮;退縮
315. subtract v. 減(去)
316. suburb n. 市郊
317. subway n. 地鐵
318. survey n./vt. 調查,勘測
319. wealthy a. 富裕的
320. adjust v. 調整,調節
321. attach vt. 系,貼;使附屬
322. profit n. 利潤,益處;v. 有益於,有利於
323. profitable a. 有利可圖的
324. slope n. 斜坡,斜面
325. reinforce vt. 增強,加強
326. reject vt. 拒絕
327. fatal a. 致命的;重大的
328. fate n. 命運
329. humble a. 謙遜的;謙虛的
330. illegal a. 不合法的,非法的
331. award vt. 授予,判給 n. 獎品,獎金
332. aware a. 意識到
333. column n. 柱,圓柱;欄,專欄
334. comedy n. 喜劇
335. mb a. 啞的;沉默的
336. mp vt. 傾卸,傾倒
337. deaf a. 聾的;不願聽的
338. decorate vt. 裝飾,裝璜
339. principal a. 最重要的 n. 負責人,校長
340. principle n. 原則,原理
341. prior a. 優先的,在前的
342. priority n. 優先,重點
343. prohibit vt. 禁止,不準
344. remarkable a. 值得注意的,異常的,非凡的
345. remedy n./vt. 補救,醫治,治療
346. repetition n. 重復,反復
347. vain a. 徒勞的,無效的
348. undertake vt. 承擔,著手做;同意,答應
349. unique a. 唯一的,獨特的
350. obstacle n. 障礙(物),妨礙
351. odd a. 奇特的,古怪的;奇數的
352. omit vt. 省略
353. opponent n. 敵手,對手
354. opportunity n. 機會,時機
355. orchestra n. 管弦樂隊
356. semester n. 學期;半年
357. semiconctor n. 半導體
358. seminar n. 研討會
359. terminal a. 末端的,極限的 n. 終點
360. territory n. 領土
361. approximate a. 大概的,大約 v. 近似
362. arbitrary a. 隨意的,未斷的
363. architect n. 建築師
364. architecture n. 建築學
365. biology n. 生物學
366. geography n. 地理(學)
367. geology n. 地質學
368. geometry n. 幾何(學)
369. arithmetic n. 算術
370. algebra n. 代數
371. entertainment n. 娛樂;招待,款待
372. enthusiasm n. 熱情,熱心
373. entry n. 進入,入口處;參賽的人(或物)
374. environment n. 環境
375. episode n. 插曲,片段
376. equation n. 方程(式)
377. restrain vt. 阻止,抑制
378. restraint n. 抑制,限制
379. resume v. (中斷後)重新開始
380. severe a. 嚴重的
381. sexual a. 性的
382. simplicity n. 簡單;樸素
383. simplify vt. 簡化
384. sorrow n. 悲哀,悲痛
385. stuff n. 原料,材料 vt. 填進,塞滿
386. temporary a. 暫時的,臨時的
387. temptation n. 誘惑,引誘
388. terror n. 恐怖
389. thrust v. 擠,推,插
390. treaty n. 條約,協定
391. arise vi. 產生,出現,發生;起身
392. arouse vt. 引起,激起;喚醒
393. burden n. 重擔,負荷
394. bureau n. 局,辦事處
395. marvelous a. 奇跡般的,驚人的
396. massive a. 大的,大量的,大塊的
397. mature a. 成熟的
398. maximum a. 最高的,最大的
399. minimum a. 最低的,最小的
400. nonsense n. 胡說,冒失的行動
⑵ 英語閱讀技巧
考研英語閱讀理解十大解題技巧精析
根據考研英語大綱的閱讀技能要求和文章的特點以及題目設置的方式,可以將考研英語閱讀理解的題型分為以下十種類型,針對不同題目類型總結出十大解題技巧:
(一)細節事實題
這是考研英語閱讀中數量最多、也最重要的一種題型,可以從下列幾個方面把握:
1. 題型特點
根據文章中具體細節信息做出提問。細節事實題的考查內容和形式可以歸納為二種類型:(1)According型:題干一般圍繞5W和1H而展開。即who,what,where,when,why,how;(2)隱含的事實和細節型:需要在讀懂全文的基礎上,綜合概括作者展示的各種細節。
2. 標志
(1)題干中明確提到人名、地名、數字時間等細節性信息;
(2)往往針對文章中可以定位的一句話或幾句話設計問題;
(3)題乾和選項之間有時是因果關系。
3. 關鍵詞
包括數字、時間、專有名詞——如人名、地名、學科名詞或帶引號的詞。
4. 命題模式
According to the passage / the author,who(what,where,which,when,why,how etc。)
5. 做題關鍵:准確定位、返回原文。
(1)根據題干中的明確關鍵詞返回原文;
(2)根據題干中的重點詞或其同義詞(如名詞、動詞、形容詞等)返回原文;
(3)根據原文中的特殊語言現象,要善於利用因果、類比、時間、空間的關系將零碎的細節組成一個邏輯分明的有機體。如轉折詞but、however、yet等定位。
6. 做題步驟
(1)根據段落中主題句的名詞粗略確定段落內容方向;
(2)利用題干提問的內容,大致定位對應的段落;
(3)利用題干中的重要信息詞准確確定相關信息句,進行判斷並確定細節題的正確答案。
7. 注意事項
干擾選項的特徵:
(1)正反混淆選項的內容和作者在原文中提到的信息相反。
(2)偷換概念選項提到了原文的內容,但是卻將原文對應部分中的另一個關鍵詞或短語換成了意思不同的其他詞彙。
(3)無中生有就是說選項中出現了原文沒有提到或推導不出的形容詞或名詞。
(4)因果倒置選項中涉及的兩部分之間的因果關系與原文所說的因果關系正好相反,將原文的因換成了果或者將原文的果換成了因。
(5)擴大范圍將原文的特指(只適用於部分的情況)變為泛指(適用於全部的情況)。例如,在選項中出現表示泛指的復數名詞作主語時,要注意該名詞在原文的范圍。如果選項中所說的情況只適用於主語所指的一部分,那麼這一選項就是干擾選項。注意,上述干擾選項的特徵也適用於判斷其他題型的干擾選項。
(二)中心主旨題
該類題型考查了考生綜合、概括、歸納和分析問題的能力,要求考生通過對文章的閱讀,迅速把握文章或段落的中心主旨。該類題型在歷年題型中出現的頻率極高,每年必出。中心主旨題可以分為文章主旨和段落主旨兩種。
1. 題型特點
命題方式中含有「main idea,subject,purpose」等詞。
2. 標志
題干中出現下列詞之一:best title,main idea,main problem,mainly about,mainly discuss,mainly deal with或問本文的寫作目的的詞(purpose,the author intends to…)。
3. 關鍵句
文章首段的句子以及各段的首末句。
4. 命題模式
(1)The passage is mainly about。
(2)Which of the following best reflects the main idea of the passage ?
(3)The best title for this passage might be。
(4)What is the main idea of the passage ?
5. 做題關鍵
這種題目應主要看篇章中的主題句或者是從篇章的結構入手,利用推理能力,對文章信息進行系統分析,歸納總結,從而得出主題。
6. 做題步驟
(1)運用宏觀閱讀技巧做題,就是根據文章結構判斷主題。
(2)運用首段和首末句信息做題。就是說綜合各段的首末句的內容,可以得出主題。注意:只看首段有時容易以偏概全,因為首段有時只是在引出文章主體之前起拋磚引玉的作用。
(3)運用寫作方法做題。 2003年以後的文章,以報刊文章為主,文章首段常以類比、故事、今昔對比等方式引出主題。問文章使用的寫作方法時,正確答案一般是類比等;問使用類比、故事、今昔對比等寫作方法的目的時,正確答案是引出主題。
(4)運用快速構思成文法進行判斷。在兩個選項難以分辨時可以分別以它們為題,在腦海中快速構思兩個寫作提綱,若所構思提綱與原文內容大致吻合者為正確答案,否則為干擾選項。
(三)詞彙題
1. 題型特點
詞義題的考查有兩種:一是超綱詞含義的推斷,另一個是熟詞僻義或是在特定場合的意思。
2. 標志
題干中具體給出原文中某處的單詞或短語,要求推測其意思。
3. 關鍵詞
能幫助讀者猜測詞義的上下文線索通常有定義、重述、解釋、舉例、同義詞或近義詞、反義詞或標點符號等等。如通常使用信號詞,如 is,are,is(are) called,mean, refer to,known as 等來引導定義。
4. 命題模式
(1)The word 「…」(in line…)most probably means 。
(2)From the passage,we can infer that the word 「…」is 。
(3)From the first paragraph, we learn that。
5. 做題關鍵
注意單詞所在的上下文,尤其是上下句。假如所考單詞是常見詞彙,那麼其字面意思一定不是正確答案,要根據上下文得出其在特定場合更深刻的意思,該含義也許和其字面意思沒有任何的關系。
猜測詞義的方法:(1)構詞法:根據詞根,詞綴判斷詞義;(2)詞性加搭配:先判斷生詞在文章中的詞性,再看它與哪些詞語可以搭配,最後根據自己的常識推測;(3)找同義詞、同義解釋、反義詞、反義解釋:在上下文中找出生詞的其他表示方法,由此推斷其含義;(4)找同位詞:上下文中有可能有類似生詞出現的句子的平行結構,找出其中和生詞處於同一位置的詞去推測。
6. 做題步驟
(1)返回原文,找出該詞彙出現的地方;
(2)注意結合上下文理解該單詞的含義;
(3)如果該詞彙是簡單詞彙,則其字面意思必然不是正確答案;
(4)詞彙題的正確答案經常蘊藏在原文該詞彙出現的附近。特別注意不能靠單詞詞義直接往下過分推理;
(5)尋找時要注意特殊標點、定語從句、構詞的前後綴等,特別要注意尋找時的同性原則。例如,冒號前的詞彙的意思可以由冒號後的部分歸納,破折號之後詞彙的意思可以由破折號之前的部分推測;
(6)代入法。將確定的答案代入原文,看上下文邏輯是否通順,如果通順就是正確答案。
7. 注意事項
干擾項特點:(1)與所考詞彙形似。(2)如果考的是熟詞,含有常規詞義的往往是錯誤選項。
(四)句子理解題
1. 標志
題干中給出原文中具體的一句話,要求理解其意思。
2. 命題模式
(1)By「…」,the writer means 。
(2)According to passage,what is 「…」?
(3)By saying 「…」the author implied that…
(4)The phrase(sentence)「…」(in line…)most probably means 。
3. 做題關鍵
做這類題時要立足於本句,借上下句幫助理解。
4. 做題步驟
返回原文找到所考的句子,找出句子的主幹或看出作者所表達的態度,也可以利用微觀閱讀技巧,如標點符號或關聯詞對句子進行精確理解。
5. 注意事項
正確答案與原句之間是一個同義關系,其中一般不存在推理過程。干擾項特點:(1)根據命題原則,正確選項不會使用與原文過多相同的字眼,因此,對句子的解釋中含有過多原句中已有的詞和短語的選項一般是錯誤選項。(2)四個選項中與原句意思最接近的為正確答案,選項與原文之間沒有任何推理過程。
(五)作者態度(觀點)題
1. 題型特點
態度題是考研英語閱讀中的一種重要題型,主要考查對文章中作者態度的辨別。作者態度大致分為兩種:(1)支持或贊同;(2)中立或客觀;(3)懷疑、批評或反對。
2. 標志
題干中有attitude或think,believe,deem,consider,regard等詞彙,選項中是一些表示態度的名詞或形容詞。
3. 關鍵詞
可以反映作者觀點的動詞、形容詞等。
4. 命題模式
作者態度題:
(1)The author is most critical of 。
(2)Which of the following can best describe the attitude of the author towards…?
作者觀點題:
(1)What is the author』s idea about?
(2)The author believes that 。
5. 做題關鍵、技巧
(1)不要把自己的態度揉入其中,還要注意區分考查是作者的態度還是作者引用別人的態度。
(2)當作者的態度沒有明確提出時,要學會根據作者在文章中所運用的具有褒貶含義的語言去判斷作者的態度,如,wonderfully, successfully, unfortunately, doubtfully 等。
(3)某一事物是好是壞,作者對它是支持是反對,態度一般都很明確,而帶中立色彩的詞最不可能是正確答案。問作者對某事物的態度時,表示「客觀」的詞多為正確選項,如objective, impartial, unbiased 等;問作者對文中提到的人物或他們的觀點態度時,答案多是肯定或否定,支持或反對。如,critical, approval, opposed, supporting 等。
(4)既然作者寫了文章,他的態度就不可能是漠不關心的,因此見到indifferent, uninterested 可以首先排除。
6. 注意事項
解答態度觀點題應注意以下幾點:
(1)區別作者的態度與其他人的態度。
(2)下列選項一般為干擾選項:indifferent(冷漠的),subjective(主觀的),biased(有偏見的),puzzling(令人感到迷惑的)。
(六)文章態度(觀點)題
1. 題型特點
問文中某人對某事物的態度。作為作者態度題的一種新形式,命題也開始注重考查文章中某人對某事的觀點和態度。
2. 標志和關鍵詞
題干中常有attitude,opinion,tone等。選項可能不再是態度明確的肯定或否定的詞,而改為帶有程度限制的詞語。比如guarded(慎重的),qualified(有條件的,有限制的),reserved(有保留的),tempered(溫和的,緩和的)。
3. 命題模式
(1)What is the tone(mood)of 「…」 ?
(2)What is 「…」 opinion about?
4. 做題關鍵
要注意區分作者的態度與其他人的態度。因為持有保留態度的觀點比較客觀,往往是正確答案。文章陳述的內容並非都是作者的觀點,要注意區分,這是命題最具有迷惑性的地方。因此,作者引用別人的觀點時,是作為支持或抨擊的對象,別人的觀點通常是為了證明作者的論據來給出的。
5. 注意事項
這類試題與作者態度題不同,作者觀點一般與文章主旨相關聯,而文章某人的觀點則不一定緊密相關。一般帶有絕對化或過於強烈的詞修飾的選項必錯。比如:strongly,completely,entirely,enthusiasticly等。
(七)推理題
1. 題型特點
該題型最大的兩個特點:(1)文章中往往沒有答題的依據;(2)一旦文中有依據,往往A,B,C,D表面上都對,很難判斷誰是誰非。
正確項特點:(1)不是文中明確說明的內容,因為即使符合原文,沒有引申或歸納總結的內容就不是正確選項;(2)如果四個選項全能憑常識判斷,其中含義深刻的是正確選項,有時唯一不是常識項的是正確選項。
干擾項的特點:(1)只是原文的簡單復述,而非推斷出來的結論,把直接表達當成間接推理;(2)看似從原文推斷出來的結論,然而實際上與原文不符,例如把原文的原因變成了選項中的結果,把原文的手段變成了選項中的目的;(3)根據常識判斷是正確的,然而不是在文章事實或上下文邏輯基礎上推理而得出的觀點,因此,考生要注意不能根據自己的主觀想法或生活經驗去推理,因為命題者考查的是考生理解作者意圖的能力;(4)雖然以文章提供的事實或內在邏輯為推理依據,但推理過頭,概括過度;(5)有部分選項的內容純屬編造,無中生有。
抓住三錯一對的關系,即有三個選項與原文相矛盾,只有一個符合原文的意思。
2. 標志
題干中出現下列詞彙之一:infer,conclude,imply,suggest,learn等。
3. 命題模式
推理引申題題干中常有infer,imply,suggest,dece,indicate,conclude等詞出現,常見的命題模式有:
(1)It can be inferred from the first paragraph that…
(2)Which of the following can(not)be inferred from the passage?
(3)The author indicates in the passage that 。
(4)It can be concluded from the passage that 。
(5)We can infer(assume ,dece) that。
(6)By…the author implied (suggests, indicates) that。
4. 做題關鍵
返回原文,將選項與原文一一進行比較。
5. 做題步驟
推理題的答案一般是這么編寫的:
(1)將原文的某句話換個說法,如換成同義詞。
(2)將原文幾句話或一段話歸納一下,就是說以段落主題或句群的論點為答案。
(3)由構成對比的一方推斷另一方。如果原文中提到兩個事物,二者形成對比,而且已知其中一個事物的特點,那麼可以推斷另一事物的特點。所以,找推理題的答案時要特別注意原文表示對比、比較或有轉折的地方,這些往往是出推理題的地方。
(4)根據作者的態度進行推理。推理題如果涉及態度,一般應與作者的態度一致。正確答案應該支持作者的觀點或駁斥與作者相反的觀點。
6. 注意事項
(1)考生在瀏覽全文時,一要留意那些似乎話中有話的間接表達句。它們往往採用說半句、打比喻、反過來講的方式,留有讓考生自己作結論或推理的餘地。二是留意含義深刻或結構復雜的長難句型。考生對作者表達的意思不能一下子看透,它們往往是命題點所在。
(2)根據題乾的關鍵詞迅速搜索定位以便確定推理依據的范圍,利用語法、詞彙、語境線索,了解單句的含義,弄清上下文的邏輯關系,然後按題意進行推理。題目可能要求考生對某句話或數句話進行正確理解或釋義,也可能從某句話或某段話中深刻理解,分析一些細節事實。
7. 新趨勢
推理題按照難易可以分為:簡單推理題和復雜推理題。而後一種推理題是近幾年命題的趨勢。
(八)例證題
1. 題型特點
該題型要求考生(1)區分論點和論據;(2)理解文章的總體結構以及單句之間、段落之間的關系:主要是考察考生通過段落、句子來推測文章的主旨、支持的觀點等。
2. 標志
題干中出現下列詞彙之一:case,example,illustration,demonstration,exemplify,illustrate,demonstrate。
3. 命題模式
(1)The case of…demonstrated that。
(2)The author wants to prove the example of…that。
(3)The example of…is used to show 。
4. 做題關鍵
重要找出例子所支持的論點,而不是看是否完全理解例子本身的含義。一般例子支持它之前的論點,段落性的例子(涉及整個段落的例子)說明段落主題(一般位於段首或段落首尾兩處),全文性的例子(涉及兩個或兩個以上段落)說明全文主題。
5. 做題步驟
(1)返回原文定位該例子;
(2)一般向例子前(有時向例子後)尋找該例子所支持的論點;
(3)與所找到的論點意思最接近的選項為正確答案。
6. 注意事項
干擾選項的特徵:就事論事。
(九)指代題
1. 題型特點
指代題主要考察考生整體理解文章的能力,並推斷出該處指代詞所代表的含義。
2. 標志
在題干中明確指出原文中某處的指代詞要求辨別其指代關系,常考的指代詞有it,that,one。
3. 做題關鍵
返回原文定位該指代詞。
4. 做題步驟
(1)返回原文找出該代詞所在的句子,並且仔細分析,正確理解該可話;
(2)向上搜索,找出離該代詞最近的名詞、短語或句子,以之替換該代詞,看句子是否通順;
(3)在四個選項中找出與所找到的名詞、短語或句子意思最接近的一個作為正確答案。
(十)判斷題
1. 標志
題干為下列兩種形式之一:
(1)Which of the following statements is(not) mentioned /true /correct?
(2)All of the following statements are mentioned /true /correct except…
2. 做題步驟
(1)先判斷是三錯一對還是三對一錯。所謂「對」是指符合原文意思或作者態度,而所謂「錯」是指和原文相矛盾、與作者態度相反,或原文未提及的信息。
(2)返回原文,找到各選項所對應的原文,將它們與原文一一進行比較,切忌憑印象進行判斷。注意:這種題的選項有時考查的是集中於某段的信息或者具備一些共同的特徵,所以做題時可以先看一下四個選項,找出其中的共同點,再返回原文定位。
3. 注意事項
文章中容易出現考點的地方:(1)轉折處(2)最高級後面(3)帶有褒貶義的句子(4)虛擬語氣的句子(5)長難句
⑶ 有關英語閱讀理解的
如何分析題目
從題目部分來看,考生需要學會自己去「專業地分析題目」。平時我們做完題目只是感嘆一番,那是遠遠不夠的。建議考生從以下幾個方面來通過題目研究從而提高應試能力:
第一,分析錯誤原因。很多人把錯誤歸結為簡單的粗心或者是文章理解不深,這是很不到位的總結。一定要注意,錯誤是一種規律,不同的人往往錯在不同類的題目。我們需要把錯誤分類,只有問題更加細化明確,我們才能有的放矢的改正提高。比如,有的同學經常因為不看重表示程度的形容詞或副詞而導致錯誤,這類同學寫作文時往往傾向於簡單的語句,主要依靠名詞和動詞完成表意,他們只要在寫作時有意識地運用形容詞副詞就能既提高寫作的精確度,又能自然而然解決這類閱讀題目的錯誤。
第二,分析出題角度。我們復習的過程事實上是不斷了解考點的過程,如果我們能知道每個題目在考什麼知識點,那麼我們就超越了考試本身,這方面經過一定的訓練就能做到。
第三,聯系多年題目。做過很多題目後,要對重點題目留下深刻印象,並且把不同年份的題目聯系起來,這能讓我們對考試走向、出題規律有比較精準的把握。
另外,當你單詞不會的時候,一定要勤於翻翻字典或詞典,一定要呀!因為,當你不懂時,你的注意力是最為集中,這個時候記憶,效果最佳!
⑷ 跪求50篇英語閱讀理解題(帶答案)
(2)
No.4 middle School
Kunming ,yunnan
April 2nd ,2004
Dear editor (編輯) ,
I live in a beautiful city . Many visitors come to my city . there are so many colorful peacocks (孔雀) here .
The peacocks mostly live on the grass land of Dongfeng Square
They are given food freely by visitors . They usually throw food to them , and don』t think about at all whether the food is right or not . Some of the peacocks became ill , some even died after eating the bad food given by the visitors.
I』m sure most of the visitors who throw food to the peacocks really like the birds , but don』t realize (意識到) that they may be doing them harm (傷害).
The visitors should be told that what have done is very harmful to the birds , and this kind of thing must be stopped from happening .
Perhaps we can build some small shops beside Dongfeng Square to sell peacock food . For us every person , it』s our ty to give more love to these beautiful birds and to look after them carefully.
Yours,
Sun Yan
()6.Many visitors come to the writer』s city to __________.
A. do some shopping B. see beautiful peacocks
C. play on Dongfeng square D. eat nice food
()7.Some peacocks became ill and died because some visitors ______;
A. did』t give them any food B. gave them too much food
C. threw them some bad food D. loved them and played with them
()8.Some shops can be built beside Dongfeng Square so that they may _____________.
A.sell food for visitors B. sell food for peacocks
C.make the square more beautiful D.have the beautiful birds
()9.From the passage we know people should __________.
A. live and play with the birds
B. stop the birds from eating too much
C. give right food to the birds
D. give more food to the birds
()10.We can guess the writer of the letter, Sun Yan , may be a _____.
A. visitor B. shopkeeper C.square keeper D. student
6-10:B C B C D
(3)
Every town in the United States has a post office . Some are very small , and you may also find them in the corner of a shop . Others are larger buildings . They are open five days a week and on Saturday mornings . From Monday through Friday they are usually open from 8:30 to 4:30 .
If you know how much the postage (郵資) is for your letter , you can buy stamps at any window. In some post offices you can buy stamps from machines . Stamps are sold many different prices , from one cent (美分) to many dollars . If you are not sure how much postage is for you letter , you may ask the man or the woman in the post office for help . he or she will give you the stamps you need . If you are sending your letter far away , you should use airmail envelopes (航空信封) . Remember that postage will be more expensive for a letter to be sent outside the country.
At a post office you can also buy postcards . A postcard is cheaper than a letter . Usually the price of postage for a postcard is about half that of a letter . The postcards that you buy at a post office do not have pictures . However ,also they are not to be sent outside the country .
Letters are an easy and cheap way to keep in touch with people in many different countries .
()11.The passage tell us that we can find ________ easily in the United States of America.
A. post office s B.large buildings
C.small shops D.different banks
()12.The post offices in the United States are open _________.
A.seven hours a day B.six hours a day
C.five hours a day D.eight hours a day
()13.If you are not sure how much postage is for your letter ,you can____.
A. go and buy stamps from the machine in the post officesend a cheap postcard instead of your letter
B. get in touch with somebody you know in the post office
C.ask the man or the woman in the post office for help
()14.The price of postage for ________ is more expensive.
A.a beautiful postcard B.a letter written on envelope
C.a letter by airmail D.a postcard with pictures
()15.The passage tells us something about ________ in the USA
A.the post B.the postage C.letters D.postcards
11-15 A D D C A
(4)
Long, long ago there was a very foolish thief. Do you know what he did one day? When he wanted to steal(偷) the bell on his neighbour』s door, he walked up to the door, took hold of(抓住) the bell and pulled hard. The bell made a very loud noise. The thief was afraid and went home.
Then he sat down to think, 「I must do something about the noise,」 he said. He thought and thought. At last he had an idea. 「Ah, I』ll put some cotton in my ears. Then I won』t be able to hear the noise.」 The next day he went to the door of his neighbour, and took hold of the bell. This time he pulled even harder. The bell rang loudly, but the thief did not hear anything. With another hard pull he got the bell out. Just then the neighbour came running out.
「Steal my bell? I』ll teach you a lesson(教訓),」 the angry man shouted. And he hit the thief on the nose.
The foolish thief did not know how the neighbour found out he was stealing the bell. 「Why did he come out just then?」 he wondered (感到疑惑).
( )16. The thief was trying to get .
A. his neighbour B. his neighbour』s doorbell
C. some cotton D. a door with a bell on it
( )17. The thief put some cotton in his ears. He thought it would be for him to steal the doorbell.
A. safe B. difficult C. dangerous D. easy
( )18. The neighbour ran out probably(很可能) because .
A. he knew his doorbell was being stolen
B. he thought someone was eager (渴望的) to visit him
C. he realized (意識到) something strange happened
D. Both B and C
( )19. The neighbour hit the thief to .
A. give him lessons B. punish (懲罰) him for stealing
C. help him with the bell D. be his teacher
( )20. Which of the following is TRUE?
A. The thief understood why he was hit on the nose.
B. The thief knew why the neighbour came out.
C. The thief thought the neighbour couldn』t hear the noise the bell made.
D. The thief didn』t want to know why the neighbour ran out.
16-20 B A D B C
(5)
A farmer was put in prison(監獄). One day, he got a letter from his wife.
「I am worried about out farm,」 she wrote. 「It』s time to plant potatoes ,
but I can』t do all the digging(挖) by myself.」
The farmer thought over and then had an idea. He wrote to his wife,「Don』t dig
the fields. This id where my gold(金子) is. Don』t plant potatoes until I comehome.
A few days later, the farmer got anther letter from his wife. It said, 「Two days
ago, about ten prison guards(監獄看守) came to our fields. It looked as if they were looking for something. They have g our field.」
The farmer wrote to his wife at once. 「Now you can plant our potatoes,」 he wrote.
( )21.The farmer was put in prison ________.
A. because he had done something wrong
B. because he had a lot of gold in the fields
C. The writer didn』t say anything about why the farmer was put in prison
D. For nothing
( )22.The farmer』s wife was much worried about _____ .
A. her husband B. their farm C. planting potatoes D. herself
( )23.The farmer told his wife __ first.
A. not to dig the fields B. to dig the fields
C. to ask the prison guards for help D. to find the gold in the fields
( )24.Why did the prison guards dig the farmer』s fields ?________.
A. They wanted to help the farmer
B. Their leader ordered them to do so
C. The farmer asked them to do so
D. They wanted to find out the gold
( )25.Why did the farmer ask his wife to plant potatoes at once ? Because _____.
A. their fields had been g
B. the gold was found out
C. the prison guards asked him to do so
D. the prison guards were digging the fields
21—25 C B A D A
(6)
An owl is a bird with very large eyes. Those eyes make the owl look clever. The owl can not move its eyes freely as people can. It can only look straight ahead (朝前). If it wants to look at both sides, it must turn its neck.
Owls see better at night than ring the day. At night they look for food. They eat mice and insects.
Owls make a strange noise because the owls sleep most of the day. They usually give their cries at night. The cry sounds like 「Whoo! Whoo!」. This strange sound sometimes frightens people at night.
26. An owl looks clever because it can look straight ahead.
27. An owl looks for food at night because it sees better at night than ring the day.
28. An owl lives on all kinds of birds.
29. The cry of an owl is frightening.
30. Man must not kill owls because they are helpful to people.
26-30 B A B A A
(7)
Coffee has become the most popular American drink. Today people in the United States drink more coffee than people in any of the other countries. People drink coffee at breakfast, at lunch, at dinner and between meals. They drink hot coffee or coffee with ice in it. They drink it at work and at home. They eat coffee ice-cream and coffee candy. Coffee is black and very strong. Different people like to drink it in different ways. Some people like coffee with cream or sugar in it. Other people like coffee with both cream and sugar in it. In all ways it is served. Coffee has become an international drink.
31. Coffee is an ____________ drink.
A . interesting B. international C. ice-cream D. American
32. Different people like to drink coffee ____________.
A. at work or at home B. in different ways C. with cream or sugar D. between meals
33. Today Americans drink ____________ coffee than people in any of the other countries.
A. as much as B. less C. more D. most
34. 「Coffee is black and very strong.」 The word STRONG here means ____________.
A.堅固的 B.淡的 C.清的 D.濃的
35. ____________ is the most popular American drink.
A. Black tea B. Coffee C. Water with ice D. Whisky
31-35 B B C D B
(8)
Computers are useful machines. They can help people a lot in their everyday life. For example, they can help people save much time, and they can help people work out many problems they can』t do easily. Our country asks everyone to learn to use computers except the old people.
Today more and more families own computers. Parents buy computers for their children.
They hope computers can help them improve (提高) their studies in school. Yet many of the children use computers to play games, to watch video or to sing Karaoke, instead of studying. So many teachers and parents complain (抱怨) that computers can not help children to study but make them fall behind. So computers are locked by parents in the boxes.
In some other countries, even some scientists hate computers. They say computers let millions of people lost their jobs or bring them a lot of trouble.
Will computers really bring trouble to people or can they bring people happiness? It will be decided by people themselves.
36. Why do we say the computer is a useful machine? Because _______________.
A. our country asks us to learn it
B. it can help us a lot
C. we can use it to play games
D. it can help us to find jobs
37. What do many teachers and parents complain about? _______________.
A. Their students and children use computers to play games.
B. Computers let them lost their jobs.
C. Computers make the students and children fall behind.
D. Computers bring people a lot of trouble.
38. In this passage we know computers _______________.
A. also bring us trouble
B. bring us happiness only
C. are hated by people
D. are bad for people』s health
39. Can computers really help children to study? _______________.
A. Yes, they can. B. It』s hard to say C. No, they can』t. D. Of course not.
40. How do you understand the last sentence of this passage? I think it means _______.
A. computers are used by people
B. people can live well without computers
C. one must decide how to use computers
D. computers are strange machines
36-40 B C A A C
(9)
Once upon a time there lived an old man. He had three sons. One day, he called them together and said, "Sons, I will die soon. To my oldest son I give half my camels, to my second, one-third(三分之一), and to my youngest, one-ninth (九分之一)." Soon after that he died.
Now, the old man had seventeen camels, and the three brothers didn't know how to do as their father said. They thought a long time about the problem, and it seemed that they must either kill some of the camels and cut them into pieces, or disobey their father. At last they went to their father's old friend and asked for his advice. As soon as he heard their story, he said, "I will help you. I was a good friend of your father's. I am old. I have only one camel, but take it-it is yours."
The three sons thanked the old man and took his camel. Now they found it was easy to do as their father wished, The oldest took half- that was nine camels; the second took one-third, that was six; and the youngest took one-ninth, that was two.
After each had got his camels, they found that there was still a camel there. So, to show their thanks to their father's friend, they gave the camel back to him
41. "Once upon a time" means " ________".
A. long long ago B. not very long ago
C. at once D. sometimes
42. The meaning of "disobey" in the second paragraph is" ________".
A. 服從 B. 違背 C. 聽從 D. 嘲笑
43. The meaning of "asked for his advice" in the second paragraph is " ________".
A. 向他請教 B. 問他數量 C. 批評他 D. 勸告他
44. The second old man ________the three brothers.
A. was good to B. was not good to C. didn't like D. cheated(哄騙)
45. Both the two old men in the story were ________.
A. foolish B. clever C. poor D. rich
41-45 A B A A B
(10)
Tom lived by himself a long way from town. He hardly went to town, but one day he went into town to buy a few things. After he bought them, he went into a restaurant and sat down at a table. When he looked around, he saw some old people put glasses on before reading their newspapers. So after lunch he decided to go to a shop to buy himself one pair, too. He walked along the road, and soon found a shop.
The man in the shop let him try on a lot of glasses, but Tom always said, "No, I can't read with these."
The man became puzzled (迷惑的) , and he said, "Excuse me, but can you read?"
"No, of course I can't!" Tom said angrily. "If I could read before, do you think I would come here to buy your glasses?"
46. Tom lived ______.
A. with his family B. near town C. in the country D. in town
47. Tom didn't go to town______.
A. never B. often C. sometimes D. sometime
48. Why did Tom decide to buy a pair of glasses?
A. Because he thought if he bought them, he could read.
B. Because they were very bright.
C. Because they were cheap.
D. Because he could read newspaper.
49. Tom went to the shop to ______.
A. have a rest B. have dinner C. wear glasses D. buy a pair of glasses
46-49 C B A D
(11)
We know mosquitoes very well. Mosquitoes fly everywhere. They can be found almost all over the world, and there are more than 2,500 kinds of them.
No one likes the mosquito. But the mosquito may decide if she loves you. She? Yes, she. The male mosquito doesn』t bite! Only the female mosquito bites because she needs blood to lay eggs. She is always looking for things or people she wants to bite. If she likes what she finds, she bites. But if she doesn』t like your blood, she will turn to someone else for more delicious blood. Next time a mosquito bites you, just remember you are chosen. You』re different from the others!
If the mosquito likes you, she lands on your body without letting you know. She bites you so quickly and quietly that you may not feel anything different. After she bites, you will have an itch(癢) on your body because she puts something from her mouth together with your blood. When the itch begins, she has flown away.
And then what happens? Well, after her delicious dinner, the mosquito feels tired. She wants to find a place to have a good rest. There, in a tree or on a wall, she begins to lay eggs, hundreds of eggs.
( )51.All the people don』t like mosquitoes.
( )52.All mosquitoes like to bite people for blood.
( )53.If a mosquito wants to bite you, it means she is very tired.
( )54.The mosquito bites you too quickly and quietly to let you know.
( )55.The itch begins after the mosquito flies away.
51-55 FFFTT
(12)
Do you know why different animals or pests(昆蟲) have their special colours? Colours in them seem to be used mainly to protect themselves.
Some birds like eating locusts(蝗蟲), but birds cannot easily catch them. Why? It is because locusts change their colours together with the change of the colours of crops(莊稼). When crops are green, locusts look green. But as the harvest (收獲)time comes, locusts change to the same brown colour as crops have. Some other pests with different colours from plants are easily found and eaten by others. So they have to hide themselves for lives and appear only at night.
If you study the animal life, you』ll find the main use of colouring is to protect themselves. Bears, lions and other animals move quietly through forests. They cannot be easily seen by hunters. This is because they have the colours much like the trees.
Have you ever found an even more strange act? A kind of fish in the sea can send out a kind of very black liquid(液體) when it faces danger. While the liquid spreads over(散開), its enemies(敵人) cannot find it. And it immediately swims away. So it has lived up to now though it is not strong at all.
( )56.From the passage we learn that locusts________.
A. are small animals
B. are easily found by birds
C. are dangerous to their enemies
D. change their colours to protect themselves
( )57.How can pests with different colours from plants keep out of danger?
A. They run away quickly.
B. They have the colours much like their enemies.
C. They hide themselves by day and appear at night.
D. They have to move quietly.
( )58.Bears and lions can keep safe because________.
A. they have the colours much like the trees
B. they move quietly
C. they like brown and grey colours
D. they live in forests
( )59.Why can the kind of fish live up to now?
A. Because it is very big and strong.
Because the liquid it sends out can help it escape from its enemies.
B. Because the liquid it sends out can kill its enemies.
C. Because it swims faster than any other fish.
( )60.Which is the best title for this passage?
A. The Change of Colours for Animals and Pests.
B. Colours of Different Animals and pests.
C. The Main Use of Colours for Animals and Pests.
D. Some Animals and Pests.
56-60 D C A B C
但上面字數有限啊!
⑸ 英語閱讀如何總結
你好來,我認為做閱讀總結源有以下幾方面:
1在限定的時間內做題目的速度與准確率(要限時做閱讀才有效果,否則都是無目的性的)
2在做閱讀時間你對文章的單詞,短語等的熟悉程度。(是否看到有熟悉的感覺但記不起,對症下葯,把單詞短語抽出來加強讀一下)
3如果單詞短語都認識了,然後就是對文章中長句與短句的熟悉程度,不熟悉的話就加強語法的訓練與多看多做多記)
4對提問的問題的總結(每類考試閱讀都有某方面的特定提問,掌握後就得心應手)
做到以上四點已經不簡單,還有記住如果你是備考的話,第一點很重要,記住哦!
希望能幫到你。
⑹ 英語十大重要性
英語的重要性的英文翻譯是The importance of English.
importance的英式讀法是[ɪm'pɔːtns];美式讀法是[ɪm'pɔːrtns]。
單詞直接源自中世紀拉丁語的importantia,意為重要,重要性。
作名詞意思是重要;重要性。
english的英式讀法是['ɪŋɡlɪʃ];美式讀法是['ɪŋɡlɪʃ]。
單詞直接源自古英語的Englisc;最初源自該語的Engle,意為盎格魯人,傳說這個稱呼的來由是:當年這群人原來居住在一個叫Angul的島上,這個島狀似魚鉤。
作名詞意思有英語;英國人,作形容詞意思有英語的;英國人的;英國的。
相關例句:
1、In the past, many students did not know the importance of English.
過去,好多學生不知道英語的重要性。
2、We're beginning to realize the importance of English.
我們開始認識到了英文的重要性。
(6)英語閱讀十大意識擴展閱讀:
一、importance的單詞用法
n. (名詞)
1、importance是不可數名詞,作「重要(性)」解,強調不受任何事物限制的重要或重要性,也可指一件重要的事或一種重要的東西,前面加不定冠詞。指人時表示「傲慢」。
2、importance後可接to或for。
3、(be) ofimportance表示「某事〔物〕重要」。
二、詞義辨析
n. (名詞)
importance, consequence
這兩個詞的共同意思是「重要,重要性」。其區別在於:
1、importance意為「重大,重要性」,強調不受任何事物的限制的重要或重要性。
如:The test is of special importance.
這次試驗特別重要。
2、consequence強調不可忽視的或對隨後的事件頗有影響的事物的「重要,重要性」。
如:The matter is of no consequence.
這問題毫不重要。
⑺ 做英語閱讀理解有哪些技巧
做英語閱讀理解的技巧有:
1、若針對舉例子、人物言論出題,需要查找例子以及人物所說的句子前後的內容,然後與各選項逐一核對。
2、在出現一些關鍵詞,如however,but,moreover, therefore,thus時,要特別注意句子前後意義的轉折、遞進、因果等關系。
3、細節理解題的答案一般是同義替換項或者同義轉換。
4、選項中有絕對語氣詞的一般不是答案。如: must,never, the most, all, merely, only, have to, any, no,completely,none, 等。但不是絕對,也有例外。
5、注意選項中的副詞、形容詞和介詞短語等與原文是否一致。如:must, may, often,should, usually,might, most,more or less,likely,all, never, few等存在程度不同,經常被偷換,往往被忽視。
6、注意干擾項特點:與原文內容相反;與原文內容一半相符,一半不同;敘述過於絕對化;原文沒有提及。
(7)英語閱讀十大意識擴展閱讀:
閱讀積累要提高閱讀水平,詞彙量與短語量非常重要。所以要提高閱讀水平,我們就得學會積累詞語。我們不妨這么做:在通讀全文後看第二遍,遇到生詞盡可能根據上下文來猜,仍猜不出意思的,就查詞典,然後將這些詞抄寫在一本可隨身攜帶的小本子上。
每當有空時,就拿出這個小本子來背誦記憶。這樣做不但不費時,而且效果也很好。因為不時地接觸、反復地記憶,詞彙量會增加得很快。
另外,句子都能看懂,但讀完文章印象卻不深,這就牽涉到對文章框架結構的整體理解。首先,要重視文章的標題和文章的首句,因為文章的標題或首句就是文章的主題,文章的內容就是圍繞主題展開的;
其次,文章的結尾句往往是這篇文章的結論或作者寫這篇文章的用意所在;再次,善於標注文章關鍵句,可以幫助你掌握文章的全貌,理解文章的主題。很多題目就是圍繞它們而設計的。
⑻ 揭秘英語的十大原則
一、從孩子本身已具備的各種能力入手
少兒開始學習英語之前所具備的各種能力經常被忽視或低估。實際上,他們已經有了一定的生活經驗,有他們自己的世界,擅長按照他們自己的方式理解 周圍的事物,並且至少已經學會了一門語言。另外,他們學習的積極性通常都很高。少兒認知發展水平不僅取決於年齡,同時也取決於支持並激發這種發展的外界刺 激。當孩子的潛能和已有的能力被忽視,他們只被當作「空罐子」時,少兒英語教學的一種困境就會產生。形成這種教學困境的原因在於:設計任務或活動僅僅從成 人的觀點出發,而沒有反映孩子的世界。這種情況就使得孩子無法接近這些任務和活動,但並不說明他們不能完成此類活動。那麼,教師面臨的挑戰就在於必須走入 孩子的世界,設計適合他們水平的任務和活動。
gardner認為,人有七種不同的或者說相互交叉的智力,即:語言智力、數學邏輯智力、視覺/空間智力、音樂智力、身體運動智力、人際智力和 自我智力。因此,少兒英語課堂活動的設計必須充分考慮每個孩子的智力優勢,使每個孩子都能夠充分參與,不斷進步。除了智力因素之外,少兒英語教學所使用的 教材和輔助材料必須在視覺、聽覺和動覺上適當平衡,從而使具備不同優點的孩子都有展示其所長的機會。
由於孩子認知水平的限制,他們可能還未意識到語言是一個系統。因此,英語課堂教學需要藉助話題(topics)以形成目標語言的語言環境。這些話題應該有意義、有趣和具有可參與性,同時也必須在孩子的生活經驗和思維范疇之內。
二、鼓勵交際互助
學習是一個互動的過程。在談到孩子的一般性發展時,皮亞傑(piaget)認為,孩子所接受的社會互動的質量和數量將會極大地影響他本身成長發 展的速度。維果茨基(vygotsky)的最近發展區理論(zpd:zoneofproximaldevelopment)也強調了高質量的交往互動,如 成人引導下的互動或與優於自身的同齡人的互動至關重要。布魯納(bruner)將這一zpd理論比喻成「腳手架」,喻示孩子在建造自已知識和能力大廈的過 程中,他人的引導和幫助如同腳手架一樣必不可少。halliday也支持互動的觀點,他認為:「母語以及第二和第三語言的學習是一個認知的過程,同時也是 一個互動的過程。它的表現形式就是自我與他人連續不斷的交流。」
交際語言教學法則將理解和傳遞信息作為其核心思想,它的重要性甚至超過了語言的准確性。
三、支持對意義的多種理解和商討以及協作談話
語言的意義並不是恆定不變的。我們在與他人的交往中會對語言的意義不斷地進行再理解和更新。維果茨基曾提出過「文化工具盒」。他認為,孩子所獲 得的母語的概念和意義來源於他所屬的文化。文化背景的差異造成語言意義的差別。wells認為,協作談話能夠幫助孩子獲得語言的意義並達成一致理解。費舍 也強調了人的思維發展中談話的重要性。這正與維果茨基的另一觀點相呼應:將思維轉化成語言的過程對刺激全面發展非常重要。
「只有通過多種載體(如觀察、傾聽、閱讀或使用參考資料)所提供的知識與學生語言的理解的互動,他的知識結構才能更新。」
對語言的意義進行商討和協作談話這一重要原則應在交際語言教學所倡導的真實的、貼近生活的任務和活動中得以充分體現。在這種真實的活動中,學生 們相互交流觀點,共同解決實際問題,並達成一致的理解。顯而易見,所有學生都需要思考。交換觀點不僅僅是表述客觀事實;協作談話應具有真實意義,這才能夠 激發參與者的談話動機。
四、讓孩子成為學習過程中的積極參與者
學習是一個積極的認知發展過程。孩子不應再被當作等待灌滿的「空罐子」,而應是語言和思維的積極探索者。如上所述,孩子已具有多種能力,這些都 是構建新能力大廈的基石。barnes這樣描述建構主義的論點:「我們每一個人必須通過不斷理解周圍的事物,積極構建自己的世界才能夠達到學習目標。」費 舍認為,注重以孩子解決問題為核心的活動,能夠使他們積極參與並探索語言的意義和答案。
對於能夠從認知角度積極參與學習過程的孩子,他們需要的是挑戰和冒險。如果給予的任務或活動沒有一定的挑戰性或冒險性,孩子將永遠無法獨立,有 時甚至停滯不前,喪失學習動力。但這些挑戰也必須有教師或同學的適當支持,同時符合zpd理論所提出的新的知識必須在接近孩子發展水平的區域內,即「最近 發展區」內。
這種學習過程中的積極參與在第二語言學習中的重要性是不言而喻的。「以任務為中心的教學思想將學習過程看作是『從做中學』的過程——學生語言系統的發展和形成主要是通過實際參與而獲得的。」
五、按照zpd理論對新知識的輸入進行定位
克拉申(krashen)把「可理解的輸入量」(input+1)作為學習過程中的關鍵因素。當新輸入知識或信息保持在可理解或接近的程度時, 原來知識水平與輸入知識水平之間的「差異」會進一步刺激學生的語言發展。這又和維果茨基的zpd理論以及布魯納的「腳手架」理論不謀而合,即成人或同齡人 在孩子已有知識層次范圍之外的適當水平所給予的支持和引導,是孩子所長和發展的核心因素。但在很多情況下,無論是成人還是孩子學習語言,他們被灌輸的只是 其現有語言水平層次上的過於簡化的語言,而不是更廣闊的語言環境下的新的語言。這條原則事實上和挑戰、冒險的重要性相互關聯。如果語言的輸入總是保持在學 生現有的語言水平上,學生就沒有面臨挑戰和冒險的機會,以致失雲了成功學習語言的必要條件。
六、語言應以完整的形式出現
多年以來,人們都是把語言分割成獨立的單位——傳統上是結構單位或語法單位——一點一點地教授給學生。然後由學生把這些斷斷續續的碎片象拼圖一 樣拼在一起去理解這門語言。然而,孩子在學習母語時並不是這樣一個過程。他們置身於廣闊的語言環境中,吸收並使用完整的語言,並在更深層次的潛意識中逐步 理解其結構和語法。lewis倡導外語教學應該從「多個詞彙構成的語言段或完整的語言」出發,發展學生成功地使用完整語言(段)的能力。 tough(brumfit)也曾談到課堂教學中「系統化語言」的作用。他認為:教師應該像母親在家裡一樣,隨時替換孩子談話所使用的某些詞法,構成新的 完整的語言。
令人遺憾的是,大多數成人和孩子在課堂學習中所接觸和練習的語言被局限在了「已經消化」了的句子層次。但我認為,教師不應該如此簡化學習的過 程,而應該通過把結構化的學習途徑具體化,從而使學生接觸更復雜的語言環境。不管學生的學習風格、喜好、能力、綜合發展水平和語言發展水平如何,都能夠適 應這種學習方法。在少兒英語教學中,教師可以多使用故事、歌曲和短劇等,使孩子在可理解的和具有實際意義的語言環境中接觸和學習完整的語言。
七、在清晰和熟悉的環境中設計具有實際意義的、目標明確的活動
孩子在學習第一語言時並不選擇語言環境,學習語言只是他日常生活的一部分。他們使用原有的知識去理解新的語言現象,從已知中建立未知,並通過 「吸收或同化新知識」,不斷地調整思維方式。同樣,在英語課堂上,孩子們需要一個清晰和熟悉的語言環境,進行具有實際意義的且標志明確的活動。他們需要知 道為什麼要做一件事情,其原因對他們來說應該是可理解的。那麼,教師就要不斷地接近孩子,逐漸摸索出孩子的興趣和理解水平,並依次選擇適當的話題和任務。
八、幫助孩子逐漸獨立和自主地學習
孩子依賴教師是一件很自然的事情。但是,如果想讓孩子成為學習過程中的積極參與者,具有自己的理解力,課堂活動的設計就必須能夠培養學生的獨立性。少兒英語課堂中,階段性的二人或小組活動,以及詞典和參考資料的使用都有助於做到這一點。
九、創造輕松、愉快和支持性的學習環境
孩子需要安全感、適當的場所和愉快的學習。為孩子創造一個積極的學習氛圍,需要注意以下幾個因素:要對所有的孩子一視同仁;支持挑戰性的活動和 冒險;話題要有趣,並和學生的生活相聯系;活動要具有實際意義且目標明確;隨時適當地贊揚學生;紀律是嚴格和公正等。這樣的環境不僅會對語言學習產生積極 的正面影響,也有助於培養孩子容忍他人的品質。
十、測試應和學習的方式相一致
如果我們把上述九條作為成功學習的關鍵,那麼,測試和評價中就應該反映這些原則。這也是對上述原則的補充和完善。但遺憾的是,事實並非如此。許多語言學習的規劃和開發都沒有考慮測試的過程。
⑼ 英語閱讀理解題-01
11. A 12. D 13. C 14. B 15. C