英語競賽閱讀和作文高難四年
1、統一性
一個段落內的各個句子必須從屬於一個中心，任何游離於中心思想之外的句子都是不可取的。請看下例：
Joe and I decided to take the long trip we'd always wanted across the country. We were like young kids buying our camper and stocking it with all the necessities of life. Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie. We started out in early spring from Minneapolis and headed west across the northern part of the country. We both enjoyed those people we met at the trailer park. Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner. To our surprise, we found that we liked the warm southern regions very much, and so we decided to stay here in New Mexico.
本段的主題句是段首句，controlling idea（中心思想）是take the long trip across the country。文中出現兩個irrelevant sentences，一個是Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie，這一段是講的是Joe and I ，中間出現一個Bella是不合適的。還有，Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner這一句更是與主題句不相關。再看一個例子：
My name is Roseanna, and I like to keep physically fit. I used to weigh two hundred pounds, but I joined the YMCA for an exercise class and diet program. In one year I lost eighty pounds. I feel much better and never want to have that much weight on my five-feet frame again. I bought two new suitcases last week. Everyday I practice jogging three miles, swimming fifteen laps, lifting twenty-pound weights and playing tennis for one hour. My mother was a premature baby.
本段的controlling idea 是like to deep physically fit，但段中有兩個irrelevant sentences，一個是I bought two new suitcases last week，另一個是My mother was a premature baby。
從上面兩個例子可以看出，native speakers同樣會造出來irrelevant sentences。卷面上如果這種句子多了，造成偏題或離題，那問題就更嚴重了。
2、完整性
正象我們前面說得那樣，一個段落的主題思想靠推展句來實現，如果只有主題句而沒有推展句來進一步交待和充實，就不能構成一個完整的段落。同樣，雖然有推展句，但主題思想沒有得到相對圓滿的交待，給讀者一種意猶未盡的感覺。這樣的段落也不能完成其交際功能。例如：
Physical work can be a useful form of therapy for a mind in turmoil. Work concentrates your thoughts on a concrete task. Besides, it is more useful to work —— you proce something rather than more anxiety or depression.
本段的主題句是段首句。本段的兩個推展句均不能回答主題句中提出的問題。什麼是「a mind in turmoil」（心境不平靜）Physical work又如何能改變這種情況？為什麼它能起therapy的作用？讀者得不到明確的答案。因此，要達到完整就必須盡可能地簡明。例如：
It is not always true that a good picture is worth a thousand words. Often writing is much clearer than a picture. It is sometimes difficult to figure out what a picture means, but a careful writer can almost always explain it.
段首句所表達的主題思想是一種看法，必須有具體事例加以驗證。上述兩個推展句只是在文字上對主題作些解釋，整個段落內容空洞，簡而不明。如果用一兩個具體的例子的話，就可以把主題解釋清楚了。比如下段：
It is not always true that a picture is worth a thousand words. Sometimes, pictures are pretty useless things. If you can't swim and fall in the river and start gulping water, will you be better off to hold up a picture of yourself drowning, or start screaming "Help"?
3、連貫性（coherence）
連貫性包括意連和形連兩個方面，前者指的是內在的邏輯性，後者指的是使用轉換詞語。當然這兩者常常是不可分割的。只有形連而沒有意連，句子之間就沒有內在的有機的聯系；反之，只有意連而沒有形連，有時行文就不夠流暢。
1）、意連
段落中句子的排列應遵循一定的次序，不能想到什麼就寫什麼。如果在下筆之前沒有構思，邊寫邊想，寫寫停停，那就寫不出一氣呵成的好文章來。下面介紹幾種常見的排列方式。
A．按時間先後排列（chronological arrangement）
We had a number of close calls that day. When we rose, it was obviously late and we had to hurry so as not to miss breakfast; we knew the dining room staff was strict about closing at nine o'clock. Then, when we had been driving in the desert for nearly two hours —— it must have been close to noon —— the heat nearly hid us in; the radiator boiled over and we had to use most of our drinking water to cool it down. By the time we reached the mountain, it was our o'clock and we were exhausted. Here, judgement ran out of us and we started the tough climb to the summit, not realizing that darkness came suddenly in the desert. Sure enough, by six we were struggling and Andrew very nearly went down a steep cliff, dragging Mohammed and me along with him. By nine, when the wind howled across the flat ledge of the summit, we knew as we shivered together for warmth that it had not been our lucky day.
本段從「rose」（起床）寫起，然後是吃早餐（「not to miss breakfast」, 「closing at nine o'clock」），然後是「close to noon」，一直寫到這一天結束（「By nine——」）。
B. 按位置遠近排列（spatial arrangement）。例如：
From a distance, it looked like a skinny tube, but as we got closer, we could see it flesh out before our eyes. It was tubular, all right, but fatter than we could see from far away. Furthermore, we were also astonished to notice that the building was really in two parts: a pagoda sitting on top of a tubular one-story structure. Standing ten feet away, we could marvel at how much of the pagoda was made up of glass windows. Almost everything under the wonderful Chinese roof was made of glass, unlike the tube that it was sitting on, which only had four. Inside, the tube was gloomy, because of the lack of light. Then a steep, narrow staircase took us up inside the pagoda and the light changed dramatically. All those windows let in a flood of sunshine and we could see out for miles across the flat land.
本段的寫法是由遠及近，從遠處（「from a distance」）寫起，然後「get closer」，再到（「ten feet away」），最後是「inside the pagoda」……當然，按位置遠近來寫不等於都是由遠及近。根據需要，也可以由近及遠，由表及裡等等。
C. 按邏輯關系排列（logical arrangement）
a. 按重要性順序排列（arrangement in order of importance）
If you work as a soda jerker, you will, of course, not need much skill in expressing yourself to be effective. If you work on a machine, your ability to express yourself will be of little importance. But as soon as you move one step up from the bottom, your effectiveness depends on your ability to reach others through the spoken or the written word. And the further away your job is from manual work, the larger the organization of which you are an employee, the more important it will be that you know how to convey your thoughts in writing or speaking. In the very large business organization, whether it is the government, the large corporation, or the Army, this ability to express oneself is perhaps the most important of all the skills a man can possess.
這一段談的是表達能力，它的重要性與職業，身份有關，從「not need much skill」或「of little importance」到「more important」，最後是「most important」。
b.由一般到特殊排列（general-to-specific arrangement）
If a reader is lost, it is generally because the writer has not been careful enough to keep him on the path. This carelessness can take any number of forms. Perhaps a sentence is so excessively cluttered that the reader, hacking his way through the verbiage, simply doesn't know what it means. Perhaps a sentence has been so shoddily constructed that the reader could read it in any of several ways. Perhaps the writer has switched tenses, or has switched pronouns in mid-sentence, so the reader loses track of when the action took place or who is talking. Perhaps sentence B is not logical sequel to sentence A —— the writer, in whose head the connection is clear, has not bothered to provide the missing link. Perhaps the writer has used an important word incorrectly by not taking the trouble to look it up. He may think that "sanguine" and "sanguinary" mean the same thing, but the difference is a bloody big one. The reader can only infer what the writer is trying to imply.
這一段談的是a writer's carelessness，先給出一個general statement作為主題句，然後通過5個 」perhaps」加以例證。
c. 由特殊到一般排列（specific-to-general arrangement）
I do not understand why people confuse my Siamese cat, Prissy, with the one I had several years ago, Henry. The two cats are only alike in breed. Prissy, a quiet, feminine feline, loves me dearly but not possessively. She likes to keep her distance from people, exert her independence and is never so rude as to beg, lick, or sniff unceremoniously. Her usual posture is sitting upright, eyes closed, perfectly still. Prissy is a very proper cat. Henry, on the other hand, loved me dearly but possessively. He was my shadow from morning till night. He expected me to constantly entertain him. Henry never cared who saw him do anything, whether it was decorous or not, and he usually offended my friends in some way. The cat made himself quite comfortable, on the top of the television, across stranger's feet or laps, in beds, drawers, sacks, closets, or nooks. The difference between them is imperceptible to strangers.
本段的主題句是段首句，它僅提出一個問題：為什麼兩只貓會被搞混。然後對兩者進行比較，末句才下結論。
2）、形連
行文的邏輯性常常要靠適當的轉換詞語及其他手段來實現。請讀下面這一段文字並找出文中用以承上啟下的詞語：
Walter's goal in life was to become a successful surgeon. First, though, he had to get through high school, so he concentrated all his efforts on his studies —— in particular, biology, chemistry, and math. Because he worked constantly on these subjects, Walter became proficient in them; however, Walter forgot that he needed to master other subjects besides those he had chosen. As a result, ring his junior year of high school, Walter failed both English and Latin. Consequently, he had to repeat these subjects and he was almost unable to graate on schele. Finally, on June 6, Walter achieved the first step toward realizing his goal.
本文中起承上啟下的詞語有兩種，一種是轉換詞語（transitional words or phrases），另一種是起轉換作用的其他連接手段（linking devices）。前者依次有：first, though, so, in particular, and, because, however, besides, as a result, both…and, consequently, and, finally.後者依次是：he, he, his, his, he, these, them, he, those, his, he, these, his. 本段中共有詞彙105個，所使用的轉換詞語及其他連接用語共26個詞，約占該段總詞彙量的四分之一。由此可見，掌握好transitions不僅對行文的流（smoothness）有益，而且對於學生在半個小時內寫120個詞也是不無好處的。
㈡ 全國大學生英語競賽到底考什麼作文聽力閱讀理解還有什麼
差不多就這些了，和四，六級一樣
㈢ 全國大學生英語競賽的難度跟四級考試相比哪個難
我建議你參加一下
我是四六級都過了
而且大二拿到c類二等獎
你自己也說了是想通過比回賽激勵自己學答習英語
學習英語是重頭
所以你學習的時候可以不用太針對這個比賽的方向來
畢竟中國各個考試的側重點都不一樣
不能一通百用
不過能堅持背單詞是絕對沒有壞處的
如果能因此擴大自己的詞彙量、鍛煉語法
這些能力的提升不管在哪種比賽或口語交流以及寫作、閱讀理解上都會受用的
每天堅持聽一些像新概念英語的課文
我就是從初中學abc就每天早上一起來就放課文的磁帶反復聽
聽不懂的沒關系
老師上課講的時候再結合視覺
印象特別深
也記的牢
從現在起你能每天這樣堅持早上聽20分鍾課文
到大四
你准備考研什麼的
一定會突飛猛進
四六級更不用說了
我都是裸考的
還要強調的一點是
雖然你現在是以這個比賽來激勵自己
但絕不是考完了=學完了
不論學習什麼
都是靠自己的長性
有什麼困惑就問
我願意把我的經驗都分享給你
㈣ 我馬上要英語競賽了，我怎樣提高我的閱讀和作文成績我是七年級的
1. We'd better develop our interest in English at the beginning of our study. To develop interest in English study is not very hard. We may have the feeling of satisfaction and achievement from our English study when we are able to say something simple in English, talk with others or foreigners in English and act as others' interpreters.
在英語學習之初,我們應該注重培養對英語學習的興趣.培養對英語的興趣並不難.當我們可以說點兒簡單的英語,用英語與別人或與老外交談,或作別人的翻譯時,我們就可以從英語學習中得到滿足感和成就感,這樣,興趣就培養起來了.請注意,這種滿足感和成就感很重要!
2. Plans are always very essential, so we must make some elaborate and workable plans before study. And we should certainly carry out these plans to the letter.
制定英語學習計劃太重要了,所以我們必須在學習前制定精細的和可操作的計劃. 並且我們一定要嚴格執行這些計劃.請注意:千萬不要干沒有計劃的傻事,那等於在浪費生命.
3. Notes should be made whenever we study any book. We may follow this advice: Don't read book without making notes. As we know that notes are the summarization, the core content, our understanding and the abbreviations of the books. Our notes are much thinner than the books so that we can learn them by heart easier and can often review and read them. We may also record our notes on tapes so as to often listen to them easier, to deepen our impression and to lighten our burden of memory. Sometimes it is needful to draw some tables and illustrations that are very impressive, visual and concise.
無論學習什麼,我們都要作筆記.我們可以參照下面的忠告:不作筆記就不要讀書.如您所知,筆記是我們對所學課本的總結,中心內容,我們的理解和課本的縮略.筆記要比課本薄的多,我們可以較容易的記憶和經常復習他們.更勝一疇的做法是把筆記錄成音,這樣我們可以經常聽一聽來加深印象和減輕記憶負擔.
.Reading skills:(閱讀)
a. Intensive Reading: When we read the intensive articles, we should make notes of the new words and phrases and good sentences. After reading them, we may ask ourselves some questions about them by using such words: Who, What, Why, When and Where. Then try to answer them in our own words.
精讀:在精讀課文時,我們要把生詞,片語,句型做成筆記.讀後要試著用這些疑問詞提問自己:誰,什麼,何時,何地且努力用自己的話來回答.
b. Extensive reading: We must train our ability to scan, skip and read fast. Namely, the ability to catch the key words, the topic sentences and the drift of the articles.
泛讀:要培養瀏覽,跳讀和快讀的能力.即抓住關鍵詞,主題句和中心大意的能力.
c. Reading speed: Three ways to improve our reading speed: 1) Reading the articles from the beginning to the end without intervals so to catch the rough idea of the articles on the whole. Never waste too much time on some new words and single sentences. 2）We may keep time when reading articles.3) When reading articles, we can point at the words with our finger or pen point and our eyes move with the finger quickly so that we are able to read very fast.
閱讀速度:三種方法提高我們的閱讀速度:1.先從頭至尾不間斷地通讀課文以抓住課文大意.不要在單個詞或單句上浪費太多時間.2. 閱讀時計時.3.閱讀時用手指或筆尖指向文章字句並快速移動來迫使我們的眼睛快速隨手指或筆尖移動來強化我們的閱讀速度.
d. Newspaper as good reading materials can widen our sight and richen our knowledge.
多讀報,多受益:開闊視野,豐富知識,學習流行詞語和英語最新發展.
Writing skills.( 寫作)
a. We have to accumulate abundant materials before we write something, say, learning by heart crowds of articles.
寫作需要有很多素材,積累素材很重要.要多背課文.
b. Try to express one meaning in various ways.
努力用多種方式表達一種意思.
c. Keeping English diary if possible.
寫英語日記.
a) Prepare some new words, expressions and good sentences to be used before writing something.
在寫作前准備一些要用的好詞彙,好句子.
b) We may also make some English pen pals to establish English communication relationship through some media like newspaper and magazines.
結交英語筆友,寫英文信.這種方法容易堅持,還很有意思.不仿一試,好處多多 。
㈤ 我馬上要英語競賽了，我怎樣提高我的閱讀和作文成績
在考場上超水平發揮的八大技巧高中786字臨近高考，為幫助考生在考試時做到胸中有數，沉著應考，新東方專家將整個高考過程中應注意的問題整理成8個方面，提醒考生注意:1、發下試卷，先不要急著翻看考題，應先檢查試卷，再認真填寫准考證號碼、姓名等內容，並仔細閱讀答題要求和提示，務必把題設條件看清楚後再動筆。有些考生為了圖快，還沒有理解題意，弄清條件，就急於作答，白白浪費了不少時間。2、按照先易後難的原則答題，把最無把握的和暫時不會做的題目放到最後時間里去做，該放棄的題目就要放棄，千萬不要因為一兩道選擇題做不出來就亂了方寸。最後的兩三道題一般難度較大，這就需要有所選擇，揚長避短，先做熟悉的，將有限的時間用來得分，難題則能做多少算多少，爭取將其中較容易的分拿到手。3、仔細檢查計算題的計算過程，防止因計算步驟上的不小心而造成的錯誤。建議考生在解題時要一步步進行，不要跳步。對拿不準的題目首先要在心理上沉住氣;看到新題或比較陌生的題時千萬不要慌張，根據題目要求一步步推理。4、草稿紙的使用要得當，草稿紙一般每科只發一張，演算時要合理布局便於檢查。打草稿也要像解題一樣，一道道挨著往下寫，步驟清晰。5、做選擇題時要立即塗答題卡，做一題，塗一題，不要錯位，防止最後一兩道題冥思苦想而忘了時間，到考試結束時再想塗就沒有時間了。6、保持卷面的整潔，字跡清楚。卷面是否整潔、字跡清楚與否，可能會直接影響閱卷人的情緒和判斷，尤其是作文中卷面不整潔就可能扣分，而如果卷面整潔、字跡清楚就有可能得到清潔分。7、不與他人比交卷的時間，做完所有題目後盡可能地將整個試卷再仔細檢查一遍，特別是是對那些拿不準的答案再推敲一下，不要匆忙交卷。8、考完一科以後，不要回顧自己考得怎麼樣，特別是自我感覺不太理想的時候不必老是埋怨自己，而要將注意力盡快轉移到下一科上。家長也不要反復詢問子女考得如何，以免影響考生迎接下一科考試的情緒。
㈥ 外研社杯全國英語閱讀大賽難度和46級比怎麼樣
按難度來分，無疑比四六級難。外研社全國英語閱讀大賽，更像是考邏輯思專維的深度和廣度，如屬果是只認識單詞，而不會去應用英語，是難以取得比較好的成績的。
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㈦ 外研社杯全國英語閱讀大賽難度和46級比怎麼樣
外研社杯全國英語閱讀大賽比46級難。
㈧ 全國大學生英語競賽的試題難度有多大跟四六級比呢
全國大學生英語競賽的試題考得更多偏重於你做題的速度。大學四內六級的時候只有容兩篇中篇閱讀，而競賽則有三篇再加上那些提取信息的閱讀題，所以不僅要做的快，還有答得對！另外，競賽的作文有兩篇。所以，時間可能比四六級緊一點。難度上看，應該跟四級差不多，可能比不上四級。因為競賽體現的是你全面的能力，比如語法，寫作和閱讀。而四六級有較多的選擇題，競賽側重你對英語的應用。而四六級考得是你更多的是偏向於理解吧，我是這么覺得的。本人四六級已過，競賽大一拿過二等，今年決定卷土重來，對競賽發起沖刺，希望能有所提高！希望我的建議對你有所幫助吧！也祝你考出你的實力！
㈨ 關於英語競賽作文的問題，求高手解答，比較急，給一些意見，高分
該篇文章富有散文般的美麗，題目於文風相得益彰，不失為優秀的文章。但我個人認為，該文針對高中的英語競賽，未免過於華麗，不妨進行一下修改，使之更加符合中學生的口味。Trend, as it is, never fails to channel its slaves into the realm teeming with temptations, desires and satisfactions, regardless of how it will come about or for what push it is holding. We cannot deny that the increasing senses of globalism and the fusion of cultures have brought this never-disabled desire to the top of cultural pyramid, bordering on to dominate the whole time of young people and being a symbol which we are all readily crawling to.
Fashion, a word constantly perpetuating bond between values of women and tendency in the swim, always drifts our desires into those circles of lures. An example goes like this: thirty years ago, a woman often paid more attention to its quality, to be exact, its enrance when they wanted to get a new clothing. Nevertheless, those girls』 present concentration has turned to some things more of fashion tendency-----style, matches, or its potential of catching-eyes etc. The traditional apparel, Qipao, with descent of Tang dynasty, may be the only faint shade of those times. We never deny the present value and appreciation, because we can never successfully illustrate this world the way we draw a truth from mass experiences and obey it invariably. The truth always carries its invariability through a certain section of history course as against inconstant values of people towards certain things and their temporary tendency reflected in those things.
Silly and ridiculous could it be that we all swarm in to be the followers of a trend which, no one can expect exactly when it will spring up or vanish under our eyelids? It changes so fast and whimsically that nobody could really catch it despite the fact that the staggering consumption and investment records witness those distorted values of women.
Another factor, dominating the conception of people』s consumption, is irrational behaviors. The persistence of rationality must not continue until we get our desires to satisfactions off my minds. It is, as I see, like a inner rings of lures where everyone would covet more as soon as they squeeze in---- an endless lure smacking of slaveries』 smells. The people outside would lead their eyes to inner ring』s door and squarely stare at those lures, once approach the outer one. The trend, usually ahead of all of us of course, has been creating the novelty to absorb our eyes. This novelty, whatever it is you think of, once is worn off, the tendency to the marvelous, as it appears, bursts suddenly like bubbles and then leaves staled to us. If any, you would be looking for another ring, namely, the new tendency. The tendency always goes like this; they try to dazzle your eyes once bind us to its tail, and then the irrationality comes as a sequel.
Here, I have to show a critical evidence that the values proced by irrational consumption has registered more than two millions RMB. What did we have ever got, however, after we trade desperately so substantial worth for the fleeting temptations-----the clothing or cosmetic or digital procts or whatever they are-----the only criterion they share in common, to be exact, is catching your eyes. I think there would be another story if we merely keep our desires in restraint to some extend and turn our preoccupation to the poverty or the depressed instead. It would be more valuable to give pre-eminence to this shift.
Indeed, the real fashion should be symbolized as a behavior positive and upward that never lead to lose our own way. The old rainbow』s end will still be ahead of you and you never ever keep abreast of it.
㈩ 小明參加學校舉辦的英語競賽，參加項目閱讀、作文、聽力和口語的成績分別為90分、80分、80分、70
90x30%=27分
80x30%=24分
80x20%=16分
70x20%=14分
所以總分=27+24+16+14=81分