如何找中學生英語閱讀材料
初中閱讀理解做題原則:揣摩段意、按題找文、直覺為先!
一、揣摩段意:形成閱讀後總結段落大意的習慣!閱讀理解的出題模式,不管會有多麼的刁鑽,但是有一點是永遠不會變的,那就是出題人也是必須先要熟讀原文以後才能巧妙的找到出題點,所以說按照出題人的思維方式,讀完以後一定是要自己先思考,比如讀完這一段,大概是講了個什麼意思,根據這個意思可以設置什麼問題,或者說在這一段里,哪一句最能體現本段的主旨大意,則會根據這一句來設置問題!
根據上述的出題思路,我們在日常的學習或者練習的過程中,要養成閱讀完即能提煉出整個段落的主旨大意的能力,只有這樣我們才能在讀完文章後就能立刻抓住重點的能力,這樣就能在第一時間抓住出題重點方向,從而按圖索驥,最起碼我們的思路不會走偏,那麼正答率也就確保了八成以上!
英語閱讀理解一定是一個循序漸進的過程,沒有人能夠一蹴而就,我們必須從源頭上抓起,從最基礎的知識抓起,一點一滴的接收,最終實現厚積薄發,實現英語成績的飛躍!
B. 初中生英語完型和閱讀不好,又什麼對策不謝謝,介紹些方法和使用材料。
如要提高一個人的英語閱讀水平,就必須將泛讀和精讀結合起來。所謂泛讀就是指廣泛地涉獵各種不同的英語書籍,只要是適合自己英語水平的英語文字性的東西,都要拿來讀一讀,不限內容地瀏覽各種英語文字,包括小說,雜志,報紙,傳記,詩歌,甚至幽默笑話等。英語語感和課外知識對於提高閱讀理解能力都是至關重要的。
而當我們說起英語閱讀中的精讀,就不得不找一些方法來集中精力地提高閱讀理解能力。閱讀中的精讀會幫助學習者復習舊知識;學習新知識;增加課外信息;同時,也會有效地提高閱讀理解的整體能力,而不是一味毫無建樹的「題海戰術」。萊曼英語多年的實踐證明,下列諸多環節必須在平時的閱讀訓練中予以高度的重視:
1.單詞推理:
根據上下文推理文章中出現的新單詞。在英語考核中,特別是閱讀理解中,新單詞量大約佔百分之三至百分之六。這就需要學生在平時就要訓練根據上下文推理新單詞的含義。在訓練中,盡量不要查閱字典,完全依賴於推理能力,就是我們常說的要會猜詞。
2.逐句翻譯
完成對單詞的推理之後,就必須練習將整個的句子翻譯成靈活的漢語,有助於對文章整體的把握。在這一步中,要求學生要有靈活的英譯漢的能力,堅決反對按著英語單詞去「磕」漢語。同時,在英譯漢過程中,要求學生要有廣博的課外知識,才能掌握各句乃至整篇文章的含義。
3.語法總結
在平時的訓練中,還應對文章中所出現的語法內容進行學習和復習。無庸置疑,每篇閱讀理解文章都是不錯的學習資料,同時,文章所涉及的內容也應認真學習,它極有可能成為未來閱讀理解內容,應該將其看作是豐富自己課外信息的寶貴機會。要倡導整體全面的學習,而不應為做題而做題。
4.自我創作
英語學習講究的是綜合系統的學習,而不能僅僅是單一的訓練。當閱讀理解文章中出現片語,句型以及習語時,學習者應該利用此機會進行自我的創作練習,從模仿,仿造他人的句子,逐漸形成自己的語言模式,也既英語的思維方式。
5.熟讀全文
利用各種機會去朗讀英語。永遠牢記英語是讀出來的,而不是做習題做會的。在朗讀過程中,可按下列步驟訓練:
(1)慢讀
(2)速讀
(3)背誦
(4)復述
6.廣泛閱讀
全面提高英語的閱讀理解能力離不開廣博的知識面。對任何文章的理解,都應以不同領域的知識為前提。唯有此前提才能幫助文章的閱讀者全面地理解全文。可惜的是,大部分中國學生由於課業負擔的繁重,無暇顧及廣博的課外閱讀,無形中增加了考試時閱讀理解的難度。
總之,無論是英語作文,還是閱讀理解都必須在大量的課外閱讀的基礎上,才能有明顯的進步。此兩項英語語言能力毫無任何捷徑而言。
C. 誰幫我找10篇適合初中生閱讀的英語文章
1
A friend of mine named Paul received an expensive car from his brother as a Christmas present.On Christmas Eve when Paul came out of his office,a street urchin was walking around the shining car.「Is this your car,Paul?」 asked.
Paul answered,「Yes,my brother gave it to me for Christmas.」 The boy was surprised.「You mean your brother gave it to you and it didn't cost you nothing?Boy,I wish…」 He hesitated.
Of course Paul knew what he was going to wish for.He was going to wish he had a brother like that. But what the boy said surprised Paul greatly.
「I wish,」 the boy went on,「that I could be a brother like that.」 Paul looked at the boy in surprise, then he said again, 「Would you like to take a ride in my car?」
「Oh yes,I'd love that.」
After a short ride,the boy turned and with his eyes shining,said,「Paul,would you mind driving in front of my house?」
Paul smiled a little.He thought he knew what the boy wanted.He wanted to show his neighbours that he could ride home in a big car. But Paul was wrong again. 「Will you stop where those two steps are?」 the boy asked.
He ran up to the steps. Then in a short while Paul heard him coming back, but he was not coming fast. He was carrying his little crippled brother. He sat him down on the step and pointed to the car.
「There she is, Buddy, just like I told you upstairs. His brother gave it to him for Christmas and it didn't cost him a cent. And some day I'm going to give you one just like it…then you can see for yourself all the nice things in the Christmas windows that I've been trying to tell you about.」
Paul got out and lifted the boy to the front seat of his car. The shining-eyed older brother climbed in beside him and the three of them began an unforgettable holiday ride.
註:urchin 頑童 hesitate 猶豫 neighbour 鄰居 crippled 殘疾 cent 美分
1.The street urchin was very surprised when ________.
A.Paul received an expensive car
B.Paul told him about the car
C.he saw the shining car
D.he was walking around the car
2.From the story we can see the urchin ________.
A.wished to give his brother a car
B.wanted Paul』s brother to give him a car
C.wished he could have a brother like Paul's
D.wished Paul could be a brother like that
3.The urchin asked Paul to stop his car in front of his house ________.
A.to show his neighbours the big car
B.to show he had a rich friend
C.to let his brother ride in the car
D.to tell his brother about his wish
4.We can infer(推斷)from the story that ________.
A.Paul couldn't understand the urchin
B.the urchin had a deep love for his brother
C.the urchin wished to have a rich brother
D.the urchin's wish came true in the end
5.The best name of the name story is _________.
A.A Christmas Present
B.A Street Urchin
C.A Brother Like That
D.An Unforgettable Holiday Ride
KEY: 1.B 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.C
2
「Cool」is a word with many meanings.Its old meaning is used to express a temperature that is a little bit cold.As the world has changed,the word has had many different meaning.
「Cool」can be used to express feelings of interest in almost anything.
When you see a famous car in the street,maybe you will say,「It's cool.」You may think,「He's so cool,」when you see your favourite footballer.
We all maximize(擴大) the meaning of「cool」.You can use it instead of many words such as 「new」 or 「surprising」.Here's an interesting story we can use to show the way the word is used.A teacher asked her students to write about the waterfall(瀑布)they had visited.On one student's paper was Just the one sentence,「It's so cool.Maybe he thought it was the best way to show what he saw and felt.
But the story also shows a scarcity(缺乏)of words.Without 「cool」,some people have no words to show the same meaning.So it is quite important to keep some credibility(可信性).Can you think of many other words that make your life as colourful as the word 「cool」? I can.And I think they are also very cool.
1.We know that the word "cool" has had ________.
A.only one meaning B.no meanings
C.many different meanings D.the same meaning
2.In the passage,the word「express」means「________」.
A.see B.show C.know D.feel
3.If you are _______ something,you may say,「It』s cool.」
A.interested in B.angry about
C.afraid of D.unhappy with
4.The writer takes an example to show he is ________ the way the word is used.
A.pleased with B.strange to
C.worried about D.careful with
5.In the passage,the writer suggests(暗示)that the word 「cool」________.
A.can be used instead of many words
B.usually means something interesting
C.can make your life colourful
D.may not be as cool as it seems
KEY: 1.C 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.D
3
The students were having their chemistry(化學)class. Miss Li was telling the children what water was like. After that, she asked her students, 「What's water?」No one spoke for a few minutes.Miss Li asked again,「Why don't you answer my question?Didn't I tell you what water is like?」
Just then a boy put up his hand and said,「Miss Li,you told us that water has no colour and no smell.But where to find such kind of water?The water in the river behind my house is always black and it has a bad smell.」Most of the children agreed With him.
「I'm sorry,children.」said the teacher,「Our water is getting dirtier and dirtier.That's a problem.
1.The students were having their _______ class.
A.English B.Chinese C.chemistry D.maths
2.Miss Li was telling the children what ______ was like.
A.water B.air C.earth D.weather
3.A boy said,「The water in the river behind my house is always _______.」
A.white B.black C.clean D.clear
4.Most of the children _______ the boy.
A.agreed with B.wrote to
C.heard from D.sent for
5.The water in the river has colour and smell because it is getting _______.
A.more and more B.less and less
C.cleaner and cleaner D.dirtier and dirtier
KEY: 1.C 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.D
4
In 1620, about half the USA was covered by forests. Today the forests have almost gone. A lot of good land has gone with them, leaving only sand. China doesn't want to the USA's example. We're planting more and more trees. We've built the " Great Green Wall" of trees across northern part of our country.The Great Green Wall is 7,000 kilometres long, and between 400 and 1,700 kilometres wide. It will stop the wind from blowing the earth away. It will stop the sand from moving towards the rich farmland in the south. More "Great Green Walls" are needed. Trees must be grown all over the world. Great Green Walls will make the world better.
根據短文內容,選擇正確答案。
1.In 1620, about ______ the USA was covered by forests.
A.a third B.half C.two thirds D.a fourth
2.A lot of good land has gone with ______.
A.sand B.water C.wind D.forests
3.The Great Green Wall in China is ______ long.
A.7,000 kilometers B.1,700 kilometers
C.7,000 meters D.400 kilometers
4.Trees must be grown in ______.
A.China B.the USA
C.some countries D.every part of the world
5.______ will make the world better.
A.The Great Wall B.Tall buildings
C.Great Green Walls D.Flowers and grass
KEY: 1.B 2.D 3.A 4.D 5.C
5
The English people like take-away food. The most popular food is fish and chips.They usually go to a fish and chip shop.They put the food in paper bags, and take it home, or to their work place. At lunch time, many people eat take-away food in the park. Chinese takeaways are also very popular in England. People in the USA and Australia like Chinese take-away food, too. But the most popular food in the USA is fried chicken.
根據短文內容判斷正(T)誤(F)。
1.People in England like fish and chips.
2.Fish and chips are the most popular food in China.
3.The English people often go to a fish and chip shop.
4.They put the food in paper bags.
5.They take the food only to their work place.
6.They never eat take-away food in the park.
7.Chinese takeaways are popular in England.
8.People in Australia don't like Chinese take-away food.
9.The most popular food in Australia is fried chicken.
10. Fried chicken is the most popular food in the USA.
根據短文內容,用Ⅱ欄中適當的詞語完成Ⅰ欄的內容。
Ⅰ
11.Fish and chips are
12.The English people go to a fish and chip shop
13.People eat take-away food
14.People take the food home
15.The American people also like
Ⅱ
A.in the park at lunch time.
B.Chinese take-away food.
C.the most popular take-away food in England.
D.or to their work place
E.to buy take-away food.
KEY:
1.T 2.F 3.T 4.T 5.F 6.F 7.T 8.F 9.F 10.T
11.C 12.E 13.A 14.D 15.B
6
Once Einstein gave a lecture in many places in America. His driver always listened to him and knew the lecture so well that he was sure be could give it himself. So Einstein agreed that the driver gave the lecture him.
As nobody knew Einstein there, the driver gave the lecture for Einstein that evening. At first he was a bit afraid, but Einstein's smile made him feel better. He gave a good lecture and the people were quite pleased.
Then the driver started to leave and Einstein followed him without a word. When they got to the door, a man asked the driver a difficult question.
The driver said that the question was very easy, and told the man to ask his driver behind to answer it.
根據短文內容填空,每空限填一詞。
Einstein gave the (1) ______ lecture again and again. His driver (2) ______ to his lecture so many times (3) ______ he wanted to give it (4) ______. When Einstein knew it, he let the driver (5) ______ the lecture for him that night. The driver gave a (6) ______ lecture and the great scientist was quite pleased.
When they were (7) ______ the lecture room, a man asked the driver a question. To show (8) ______ easy the question was, the driver asked Einstein who followed him (9) ______ to answer it (10) ______ of him.
KEY:
1.same 2.listened 3.that 4.himself 5.give
6.good 7.leaving 8.how 9.quietly(behind) 10.instead
7
Fei Xiang, whose English name is Kris phillips, is a Chinese American. He is nearly two meters tall, with blue eyes, looking like an Asian. Though he was born in Taiwan, he grew up speaking Chinese to his mother and English to his father and students at Stanford University in California. Later he returned from abroad to Taiwan and become a singer.
In 1986, Fei Xiang visited the mainland(中國大陸)and turned into a pop star there. He was well know among the young people and his songs were widely accepted, such as 「Five in the Winter」, 「Clouds of My Homeland」and so on.
He left the mainland for New York four years later. There he worked as a lowly member. He lived a quiet life in New York, for only a few people know his name. Now phillips is panning to end his six—year stay in the USA and return to the mainland and his recording career(生涯). His new project is to introce
(介紹)the mainland to the music of the Broadway stage(白老匯戲劇藝術), including(包括)the song 「Maria」 from 「West Side Story」.
1. Kris phillip』s mother is _________and his father is________.
A. Chinese, American B. Chinese, Chinese C. American, Chinese D. English, American
2 .Mr Kris phillips became famous as big pop star________.
A. in the United Stares B. in the place where he was born C. in the mainland D. at Stanford University
3. What』s the order in which phillips did the following things?
a.made a decision to return to PRC(中國)
b.learned Chinese from his mother and English from his father
c.was widely welcomed by the young people
d.worked as a lowly member
A. b e c d a B. e b d c a C. d e b a c D. c a b e d
4. Fei Xiang is best known China for_______.
A.his plan to interoce the mainland to the music of Broad way stage
B.「West side story」 C. his perfoemace(演出) D. his special nationlity(國籍)
5. Which of the following is true?
A.Fei Xiang』s parents are both teachers. B. Fei Xiang lived in the mainland for four years.
C. Fei Xing is regarded as a big pop star both in America and China.
D. Fei Xiang returned to the mainland in 1896.
KEY: DBACB
8
A friend of mine was fond of drawing horse. He drew the horses very well,but he always began the tail. Now it is the Western rule to begin at the head of the horse, that is why I was surprised. It struck me that it could not really make any difference whether the artist begins at the head or the tail or the belly(肚子) or the foot of the horse, if he really knows his business. And most great artists who really know their business do not follow other people's rule.They make their own rules. Every one of them does his work in a way peculiar(奇特的) to himself; and the peculiarity means only that he finds it more easy
to work in that way.
Now the very same thing is true to literature(文學). And the question, "How shall I begin?" only means that you want to begin at the head instead of beginning at the tail or somewhere else. That is, you are not yet experienced(有經驗的) enough to trust to your own powers. When you become more experienced you will
never ask the question, and I think that you will often begin at the tail --that is to say, you will write the end of the story before you have even thought of the beginning.
1. A friend of the writer's drew the horses ____.
A. very well
B. in the way of western rule
C. in the way of his own rule
D. all of the above
2. The writer was surprised because ____.
A. the artist began to draw at the head of the horse
B. the artist began to draw at the tail of the horse
C. the artist made his own rule
D. the artist did not follow other people's rule
3. You are not yet experienced because ____.
A. you don't know where to begin
B. you want to begin at the head instead of beginning at the tail
C. you always asked question
D. you do not trust to your own powers
4. When you become more experienced you will ____.
A. never ask question
B. often begin at the tail
C. should write the end of the story
D. should think of the beginning
5. The topic of the passage is ______.
A. How to draw a horse
B. How to write a story
C. How to make your own rules
D. Trust to your own powers
Key: CDDCD
D. 如何有效進行初中英語閱讀教學
朱鳳田 山東菏澤市牡丹區解元集中學 英語閱讀作為語言技能的重要組成部分和語言輸入的主要環節之一,在英語教學中佔有重要地位。培養學生的閱讀能力是主要教學目標之一,而在平時的教學過程中我們發現,閱讀是學生最頭疼的問題。很多學生的閱讀興趣不高,動力不足,方法不當。究其原因,也並非與老師完全無關,部分教師在閱讀教學實踐中更側重於語篇的分析理解、語法知識點的講解,而對於閱讀方法的培養,訓練學生思維能力、理解能力、概括能力與判斷能力沒有引起足夠的重視。學生普遍存在閱讀速度慢、理解能力差的現象。多數學生採用一個單詞對應一個漢意,直接翻譯成漢語的做法。另外,學生的閱讀量少,僅僅局限於課本中安排的篇目以及部分習題中出現的文章,課外讀物涉及的少。因此,如何引導學生科學有效地進行閱讀,激發其興趣是值得我們探討的問題。 一、英語課程標准對初中英語閱讀提出的要求 1. 能根據上下文猜測生詞的意思,能根據構詞法推斷、理解生詞的含義。 2. 能讀懂簡單的故事短文並抓住大意;能從文章中找出有關信息;能根據不同的閱讀目的運用簡單的閱讀策略獲取信息。 3. 能找出文章中的主題,理解故事的情節,預測故事情節的發展和可能的結局;能理解簡易讀物中事件發生的順序和人物行為;能理解段落中各句子之間的邏輯關系。 4. 能讀懂說明文等常見體裁的閱讀材料和簡單的個人信件。 5. 能使用英漢詞典等工具書幫助閱讀理解。 6. 五級目標要求除教材外,課外閱讀量應累計達到15萬詞以上。 可見,在閱讀教學上,除了培養學生的閱讀理解能力之外,還應該增加課外閱讀量。 二、閱讀教學的幾點建議 1. 閱讀材料的選擇,要根據學生的年齡特點、現有水平和接受能力來進行。如初一、初二的閱讀材料,傾向於生活實際功能,如問路、指路、接聽電話、天氣表達、尋物、招領等;而在初三、初四的閱讀材料中,人文情感、社會責任、道德倫理深深隱含在其中。另外,多選擇一些與所學課文訓練要點相契和的文章,以使學生感到學有所用,從而強化課內學習。 2. 做好閱讀前的必要鋪墊和激發興趣工作。 3. 閱讀過程中老師可以提出問題,口頭的或者書面的,讓學生帶著問題去閱讀。此外,老師對閱讀方法的指導也是必不可少的。教會學生粗讀文章,以了解大意,並能夠快速查找某一特定信息;教會學生分段細讀,抓住主要事實、關鍵語言點,明了文章結構,深度理解。 4. 學生平時閱讀英語文章、報刊雜志以及各級各類考題中的閱讀理解部分,務必要做到從整體上理解和把握文章,不要逐詞閱讀。要做到詞不離句,句不離段,段不離篇。學生在做閱讀的時候一開始總是信誓旦旦,下決心要把文章讀懂讀透。但是在這種觀點的指引下,閱讀往往就會走入誤區,因為太過於注重每個單詞、每句話的意思,而忽視了對文章結構的整體理解。我們常遇到這樣的情況:句子都能看懂,但讀完文章印象卻不深。如何學會對文章的整體理解呢?首先,要重視文章的題目和文章的首句。因為文章的題目就是文章的主題,文章的內容就是環繞主題展開。首句很關鍵,因為首句是文章的導入,點明作者寫文章的意圖、背景等。其次,要重視每段的最後一句和整篇文章的最後一句。每段的最後一句常常是該段的結論句,而整篇文章的最後一句就往往是這篇文章的結論或作者寫這篇文章的用意所在。所以我們在閱讀文章時要養成一種習慣:見了文章的題目,要稍微停頓一下,猜一猜,這篇文章大概會寫些什麼,如果讓我來寫,我會怎麼寫。然後你會饒有興趣地讀下去。(當然,在考試中,為了節省時間,猜測這一環節可以省略。)接著再往下閱讀時要特別注意每段的第一句與最後一句,這樣就既把握住了全文的主要內容,整篇文章的框架結構,又節省了閱讀時間,提高了閱讀效率。 5. 在平時教學中我經常會遇到這樣的情況:不少學生不會使用工具書,遇到生詞,先問老師。乍眼一看,閱讀課進行的轟轟烈烈,學生不懂就問,閱讀積極性高漲,殊不知,這樣的閱讀不科學也低效。我們要教會學生使用工具書,提倡學生遇到疑問查找工具書,逐步培養其獨立閱讀的良好習慣。老師注重並教會學生正確使用工具書是指導學生獨立閱讀的保障。另外,在閱讀過程中老師也要指導學生正確處理詞彙障礙,遇到生詞時,如果不影響語義的理解,跳過它,繼續閱讀,這有利於提高閱讀速度,不打斷閱讀思路。有時可以通過上下文,在具體的語境中推測詞彙的意思,不要一遇到生詞就搬詞典。 6. 教師要充分發揮指導作用,教給學生閱讀技巧,培養學生略讀、尋讀、按照意群閱讀的習慣及能力,逐步提高其閱讀質量和速度。在閱讀中要求學生改掉不好的閱讀習慣,如用手或者筆指讀、出聲讀、以單詞注視點閱讀、回視等。課堂是培養學生閱讀能力的主陣地,老師可以教材中的文章為例運用精讀和泛讀相結合的方法來進行閱讀教學。 7. 閱讀結束後,老師可以對重難點進行精講,組織適當的口語和筆頭訓練,引導學生背誦幾個好句子,有能力的同學要求復述文章(選擇有價值的文章復述,否則只是增加學生負擔)。 閱讀能力的培養不是一朝一夕之功,靠的是持之以恆的努力。所以指導學生在課外廣泛閱讀是很必要的,讓學生做好閱讀筆記,寫下有價值的生詞、好句子,或者是自己對文章大意的歸納以及自己的閱讀感受。同時老師要查閱筆記,科學及時地給予評價。為了調動積極性,引導學生更用心地去進行英語閱讀,評價可以只是以認真程度、努力程度來進行,不以好壞而論。
E. 中學生如何閱讀英語文章 英文作文
一般來說是死記硬背,當然最好來說是理解全文的意思,再來逐句翻譯,在多讀幾遍,就順了。然後基本上就會背了,如果實在不行,心不在,玩一些英語游戲,先會幾個單詞在成句·,在背,就是要經常了
F. 初中英語閱讀理解資料
A
Ben Franklin once wrote, 「Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.」 People would suppose that Ben also meant students, but schools start before 8 am which means most students have to wake up around 6;30. this makes it challenging for teenagers to sleep the nine hours that the National Sleep Foundation (NSF) suggests. If teens ________________, their overall health would improve. Schools should move their strting times to 8;30 am or later.
It is nomal for teens to go to sleep late: only 15% of teens fall asleep before 10:45 pm; 5% hit the sack around 10:45 pm and the other 80% go to sleep after 11 pm. And many teens have sleeping problems.
What』s more, doctors say that lack of sleep is the top health problem. If true, why can』t something be done to help the students get more sleep? Studies show how that teens who sleep nine and a half hours have less despression, are late for class less often, and have fewer health problems.
Another benefit of starting school later is that students』 gradees would improve. It is easy to see that more sleep=smart students=students paying more attention in class=better grades. This has been proven in studies of schools all over the USA that have changed tjeir starting times. It is important for teens to get enough sleep so that they will remain in excellent build and earn super grades. Government and teachers would also benefit from a later starting time.
Depression 抑鬱症 benefit 名詞,動詞 益處,獲益,受益
寫出本文的題目(10詞以內)
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在文中找出與下句意義最為接近的句子,並寫出來。
Enough sleep will benefit students not only in their health but also in their grades.
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用合適的詞或者短語填空,補全句子。(10詞以內)
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翻譯劃線句子。
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If you want your school to change the starting time, write at least 2 reasons.
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B
1不同的國家有不同的禮儀。We』d better find out their customs so that they will not think us ill-mannered. Here are some examples of the things that a person with good ecation does or does not do.
If you visit a Chiinese family, you should 2________________ the door first. When the door opens, you should not move before the host says, 「 Come in, please.」 3 After you enter the room, you can』t be seated before the host asks you to. When a cup of tea is put on the table in front of you or sent to your hands, you should say 「thank you.」 And receive it with two hands, not one hand, or they will think you are impolite. Before entering a house in Japan, 4 taking off your shoes is good manners. In Europen countries, even though the shoes became very dirty, this is not done. In a Malay house, a visitor never finishes his food on the plate, instead, he leaves a little to show that he has enough. In England, a visitor alaways finshes the food or drink to show that he has enjoyed it. This will make the host pleased.
1將劃線句子1 翻譯為英語。
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2在橫線上填入一個合適的片語。
3 寫出劃線句子3漢語意思。
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4寫出劃線句子4的同義句
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5回答問題:
If we have dinner in an England family, what should we do to make the host pleased?
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C
It would be hard for a family to live on 300 yuan a month, wouldn』t it?
That』s 1 ________________ Li Hua』s family have to live on for a whole year. The world is now trying to help people like Li Hua』s family to live better.
From Tuesday until today, about 2,000 government leaders and scientists met in Shanghai to talk about stopping poverty around the world.
2 _____________________
Most of those people live in African countries like Sierra Leone and Somalia. These countries often have wars and lots of diseases. Now, more than 1 billion people in the world live in poverty(貧困). 3 The UN said that by 2015, that number should be cut in half.
To help China』s poor people, the World Bank has given more than 37 million yuan to help China build railways and schoolsand stop river pollution and deserts.
Many families in China』s countryside, like LI Hua』s in Chongqing, are very poor. Li Hua, 13, lives with her mother, two grandparents and a sixteen –year-old brother in Chongqing. Her father is dead. 4 她的家人靠種莊稼為生。5 They have no TV, no electric fan and no telephone.
1 選擇正確的片語填入該處:
A how many B how often C how long D how much
2 選擇正確的句子填入該處:
A .According to the United Nations, the poorest people in the world live on less than 8.5 yuan a day.
B. According to the United Nations, most countries in the world are doing something to stop pollution.
3 將劃線句子翻譯為漢語
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4 劃線句子翻譯為英語
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5 寫出劃線句子的同義句
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D
Father』s Day is a very new festival in British compared with Mother』s Day, which has been a very popular festival in the UK for a long time.
Father』s Day started in America. Once there was a man called William Smith, whose wife died and he had to raise six children by himself. His daughter, Sonaro, thought when she grew up what her father had done for them. So she thought that there should be a Father』s Day festival. Later, the tradition waas born, falling on the third Sunday every June.
Britain took the idea of Father』s Day from the USA and it has been popular since then.
What do British people do for Father』s Day?
Well, most people would buy their fathers a card. 4 The card would have a nice message in it saying what a great Dad their father is. Some people do buy presents as well.
Popular gifts for Dads are probably ties, chocolates or socks because these are things that Dads can always use even if they don』t want them.
Some families might do things together to celebrate it, like __________________________ .
As a special treat, British people might give their Dad a abit of rest---make him a cup of tea, or even wash his car to make him feel really relaxed.
1寫出本文的題目(5詞以內)
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2在文中找出與下句意義最為接近的句子,並寫出來。
The Americans first had father』s Day in the world.
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3用合適的詞或者短語填空,補全句子。(5詞以內)
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4 翻譯劃線句子。
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5 用英語回答問題
What will you do on Father』s Day? Why?
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E
As you study, don』t forget to review your notes and any special information from your notebooks. Pay more attention to anything the teacher seemed to stress in class.
Usually many teachers tell students ahead of time what the form of an exam will be. This can help you plan how to study. For example, if you know you are going to have choice questions on World War II, you should ____________________ facts and details. On the other hand, if the exam has understanding questions, you will think about which topic it should be and then go over your note, books, and other reference books to consider how to answer the questions on the topic.
When trying to remember dates, names or other real information, keep in mind that it usually takes a tries to remember something correctly. That is one reason why it is good idea to start studying well before a test. Use special memory ways that the teacher may have suggested or the ones that you invent yourself. Read the passage several times if you need to, and write down some important words and phrases that can help you remember the main idea of the passage.
Some people find it helpful to teach what they are studying aloud to aonther student or study with a partner. Another studying method is making cards that show some of imoportant facts. Then you can use them to review for a test.
寫出本文的題目(10詞以內)
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在文中找出與下句意義最為接近的句子,並寫出來。
Teaching what you are studying to others or studying with a partner is helpful for some people.
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用合適的詞或者短語填空,補全句子。(5詞以內)
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翻譯劃線句子。
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用英語回答問題:
In your opinion what is the best way of studying for a test?
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F
One day a wealthy man took his young son on a ttrip to the country with the purpose of showing him _______________. They spent a day and a night on the farm of a very poor family. When they got back from their trip the father asked his son, 「How was the trip?」
「Very Good, Dad」
「Did you see how poor some people are?」 the father asked.
「 Yes!」
「 And what did you learn?」
The son answered, 「 I saw that we have a dog at home, and they have four. We have a pool that reaches to the middle of the garden; they have a lake that has no end. We have expensive lamps in the garden while they have the stars.」
When the son ended, his father was too puzzled to say anything. His son added, 「 Thanks, Dad, for showing me how poor we are!」
Isn』t it true that it all denpends on the way you look at things? If you have love, friends, family, health, good sense of humour and a positive attitude toward the life, you have everything. You can』t buy any of these things. You can have all the material things, but if you are poor in spirit, you have nothing.
寫出本文的題目(5詞以內)
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在文中找出與下句意義最為接近的句子,並寫出來。
Great wealth will not bring you happiness, unless you are rich in spirit, too.
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用合適的詞或者短語填空,補全句子。(5詞以內)
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翻譯劃線句子。
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用英語回答問題
What are your opinions about being rich?
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G. 如何提高中學生英語閱讀理解能力
閱讀能力的強弱直接影響英語學習成績。英語閱讀能力實際上是思維能力、理解能力、概括閱讀能力與判斷能力的綜合。英語新課標反復強調"中學階段,尤其高年級側重培養學生的閱讀能力",這是非常重要的。學生英語閱讀理解能力的提高是一個艱辛漫長的過程,只有在經過老師有計劃地、科學地訓練培養才能提高。
一、提高概括閱讀能力方法
閱讀文章時,要注意引導學生找出每段的主題。可先從辨認主題句開始,沒有主題句的段落就引導學生依靠段落中的銜接、句際關系來分析、推斷和概括段落的大意。對所學文章要點,教師提出要求,學生閱讀,尋找答案、引導學生閱讀時注意抓住全文的主旨;要求學生從每篇標題,到各個部分都進行概括、以歸納出要點,這樣就能了解全文的概貌。作了這樣的概括閱讀,文章更易理解。概括閱讀要注意上下段結構上的銜接,語義上的連貫,注意段與段之間的關系。概括閱讀還有助於學生把握上下文之間的意義聯系,培養學生的綜合概括能力。
二、提高英語閱讀能力辨詞能力方法
閱讀應採取快速閱讀法,這種閱讀並不是簡單地瀏覽,而應講求實效,力求做到理解與速度並進。因此,快速准確地辨別單詞詞性和理解詞義是閱讀的必要條件。理解是學生掌握閱讀技能最主要的標志,培養學生辨別單詞的能力,幫助學生建立單詞的音、形、義之間的聯系,能讀懂詞、句、段、篇,才能逐步理解全文。
1.通過構詞法分析,掌握構詞的特點,前綴,後綴和詞根意義,幫助學生理解上下文中的單詞的意義轉換。如:careful,unhappy,kindness,dishonest....等單詞,ful(形容詞後綴),un(否定前綴),ness(名詞後綴),dis(否定前綴)。
2.在我們學過的單詞中,有些詞義不只一個,這就需要視具體情況來具體判定。比如:.在這個句子中,little這個單詞我們學過的意思有兩個,分別是"一點兒"和"小的",而根據句子的含義可以推斷出它是"小的"的意思。所以培養學生猜詞的能力是我們在外語教學中十分重要而有意義的一個環節。
三、提高英語閱讀能力復述能力方法
復述是有效地提高學生閱讀能力的主要手段。讀過每篇文章後,用自己的話去概括,摘錄其中的重點句子,復述其內容。在復述的過程中,學生常常會經過三個階段:
第一,當教師要求復述整篇課文(或某一重要段落)時,有的學生就不知所措,力不從心。不是整篇整段地照抄照搬,就是無話可述的冷場現象。第二,學生在經過第一階段的閱讀之後,心中逐漸地掌握了句子之間的內在邏輯聯系,通過正確的文法表達,就可以大致地把課文復述出來,這時的復述意境是"似會非會,說不會,還能講出許多段子里的只言片語"。第三,是在前兩個階段的基礎上,學生自己比較准確地縮短原文。具有創造性地改寫原文,用自己的語言敘述,能夠發展學生的想像能力和思維能力,並促進學生書面語言和口頭語言的發展,特別是對寫作能力的提高有著不可估量的作用。
四、提高英語閱讀能力中的質疑能力的方法
古語雲:"學則須疑",在英語閱讀教學中,要通過文章的內容,引導學生思維,分析問題,獲得知識。有疑是深入學習的起點,有疑才有問,才有研,有疑才意味著有學習的主動性和積極性。怎樣在英語閱讀教學中,培養質疑能力?如:,andtogointotheiroffices,,carorbus.當學生基本理解這句話的意思,然後教師提出問題,啟發學生回答。聽學生回答問題的過程中就能搞清學生的薄弱環節在哪裡。這樣閱讀時,就能有的放矢,既不浪費時間,又能吸引學生的注意力。當學生理解了,就啟發學生,"質疑"來發現問題。此句prefer怎麼不接doing(動名詞)呢?學生的回答欠嚴密,教師作必要的補充。學生在解答問題的同時,閱讀能力和口語能力都得到了鍛煉。這樣也提高了學生的邏輯思維能力和運用能力。
總之,英語閱讀能力的培養在英語教學中有著非常重要的地位,教師應該根據教學實際和學生情況,採取靈活、多樣的方法手段,對學生進行系統的、科學的訓練。同時要求學生課外自己還要多讀、多練,保證一定的閱讀量。經過師生雙方配合,共同努力,學生的英語閱讀能力一定會得到大幅度地提高,取得令人滿意的成績。
H. 如何提高中學生的英語閱讀理解能力
作為一名執教畢業班多年的英語教師,我發現提高學生的英語閱讀理解能力至關重要。一方面,英語閱讀在英語測試中占的分值很高。不管是完型填空、補全短文還是短篇的短文理解,都要求學生有很好的英語閱讀理解能力。閱讀理解能力強與否決定著英語考試的成敗;另一方面,閱讀是在英語學習中要求學生掌握的四種基本技能之一。北京市特級教師王英民說過:「不會閱讀就不會學英語,閱讀是基礎,沒有閱讀,就不會有很好的聽力,沒有閱讀,就更談不上寫作。」英語閱讀能提高讀者的認識能力,從而促進其他三種技能(聽、說和寫)能力的提高。閱讀也能使人增長見識,拓寬視野。但是在教學中發現,許多學生在閱讀方面存在著困難,不知道正確的閱讀方法。本篇文章將從三個方面出發,主要闡述用什麼樣的方法來增長語言知識,養成良好的閱讀習慣,應該注意哪些閱讀技巧,進而提高中學生的英語閱讀能力,提高閱讀效率。
一、盡可能多的記憶英語單詞,增加自己的詞彙量
掌握一定數量的單詞是提高閱讀理解能力的前提。如果有大量的生疏的單詞,英語短文閱讀起來難度很大。所以掌握一定數量的單詞是學生提高英語閱讀能力的前提和保證。在農村中學,由於受到特定環境的制約和影響,學生在記憶單詞方面面臨著很大的困難。尤其現行的牛津英語的教材詞彙量擴大了不少,記憶的難度就更大了。記憶單詞的方法有很多種,在教學中我經常使用的有以下幾種:
1.詞彙表「八到」記憶法
這是中學生使用最多的方法之一,即將生詞表和人的器官相結合:眼裡看到、心裡想到、手裡寫到、嘴裡拿到、耳朵聽到、(結合實物還可以)鼻子嗅到、舌頭嘗到、手指觸到。學生在記憶時不要偷懶,一定要邊記邊比劃,把各個器官充分調動起來。這種方法使學生把目標詞彙與自己的大腦神經聯系,易記憶深刻,印象持久。
2.分類記憶法
即分析單詞的形態,將所要記得單詞根據其義、形、音進行分類。例如,按音標的拼讀規則記憶單詞,按詞性變化記憶單詞,按同音記憶單詞,教師還可教給學生關於英語詞根和詞綴的知識等;通過詞根加前綴或後綴可派生出新的單詞,將兩個或更多的詞放在一起,可合成新的單詞。
3.聯想記憶法
蘇聯著名心理學家巴甫洛夫指出:「記憶要依靠聯想,而聯想則是新舊正式建立聯系的產物。」美國心理學家威廉·詹姆士也說:「記憶的秘訣就是根據我們想記住的各種材料來進行各種各樣的聯想,而這些聯想就成了各種資料的釣鉤,萬一資料沉沒腦海,我們就可以通過聯想這樣的釣鉤將資料鉤出來。」充分運用發散思維展開自己的想像力,使所要記憶的英語單詞,生動、形象和具體化,使生詞與熟詞之間建立一種聯系,從而達到以舊帶新,快速記憶的目的。
除了記憶生詞表內的詞彙外,學生對於課外的詞彙尤其是熱門詞彙、新詞彙要知道意思。在閱讀材料時,常常會出現一些最新詞彙和縮寫等,如果不清楚,很可能影響對全文的理解。
二、 在平時教學中,注重培養學生的英語閱讀興趣
剛開始時,由於受各種原因的影響,學生對英語文章存在著一定的心理負擔和畏難情緒。教師要定期對學生進行一定量的訓練,一日一篇短文,用「蠶食」的方式來逐步訓練學生。在選材時,文章體裁多樣化,涉及面要廣,趣聞性要強。除了課本中的閱讀材料,教師還應該收集一些與學生水平相當、難度不太大、貼近學生生活、讓學生易感興趣的文章作為課外閱讀訓練材料。例如,可以使用一些關於西方國家風土人情、節日禮儀等方面的文章,還可以使用關於外國校園生活、笑話、寓言故事等文章。在學生讀後,要求他們做一定的習題,或寫出內容概要,這樣既可以提高學生英語閱讀理解能力,又可以訓練他們的口語、書寫能力。
在學生的英語閱讀達到一定水平後,教師可結合考試常見的閱讀題型,如說明文、科普文章等,讓其練習。對學生遇到的困難要鼓勵他們認真思考,推敲,要學會結合上下文理解文章的意思。可定期舉辦一些英語閱讀競賽,提供閱讀材料,要求學生在規定的時間內完成閱讀,要充分肯定他們的成績,讓他們感到一定的成功感。
三、 教會學生正確的閱讀方法,明確目的,提高做題正確率
我們閱讀的目的是為了從材料中獲取有用的相關的信息,目的不同,題目要求不同,我們閱讀的方法也不同,主要方法和技巧有以下幾點:
1.如若學生只想知道文章的主旨和中心意思,只需要瀏覽或略讀即可
在閱讀時,重點讀文章的首句(段)和末句(段)。因為文章的中心思想和主要意思或事情的結果大都是在文章的開頭或結尾的。
2.如若學生想對文章的具體細節進行了解,就要進行精讀
逐句逐段進行閱讀,了解事件發生的開始、經過、結果,這對於掌握具體事實的細節有很大的幫助。
3.如果篇幅過大,故事性不強,時間又有限,學生可根據訓練題目來進行有目的的選讀
4.在閱讀過程中,難免會遇到不熟悉或不認識的生詞,影響理解
若是不重要的詞彙,要求他們可以不要理會,若影響文章的理解,學生們可以結合上下文進行推敲、猜測。用這種方法,有時可以幫助文章的理解。
除了注意閱讀方法,在平時訓練的時候,還要注意閱讀習慣和時間的合理分配。有的學生習慣出聲閱讀,還有的學生習慣用手指或筆指著閱讀,都是不可取的。在很多情況下,尤其是考試的時候,既打擾別人,也耽誤時間。學生要養成默讀的習慣,在閱讀時,要心無雜念,擴大視幅,減少回視。將精力全部集中在閱讀的材料上,節約時間。教師在平時練習的時候,也可給學生限定時間,要求他們在規定時間內完成,盡量少查或不查詞典,加快閱讀節奏,為在考試中取得好的閱讀成績打下基礎。
閱讀理解是英語知識綜合運用的體現,是進行英語教學的重要版塊,是讀者獲得信息的重要途徑。只有掌握了閱讀的技巧和方法,堅持訓練,才會取得良好的效果。我們在實際地閱讀教學中,提倡精讀和泛讀相結合,課內閱讀和課外閱讀相結合,培養學生的閱讀能力,挖掘每個學生學習語言的潛能,有效地提高他們的語言綜合運用能力。
I. 如何收集中考英語閱讀材料,特別是原文重現
閱讀理解題是中考英語的測試重點,也是中考英語試題中卷面分值最高的一種題型,在各地中考試卷中約佔30%的比例。一般設三篇短文,試題採用「根據所給閱讀材料判斷正誤」或「選擇最佳答案回答問題」兩種形式。縱觀近年來全國各地中考閱讀題,其體裁多樣,有記敘文、議論文、說明文、應用文(信函、請柬、通知、便條、表格、圖表、廣告、圖示和標志等);所選材料內容廣泛,涉及文化、環境、科普、社會、政治、經濟、歷史等眾多領域。文章的體裁富於變化,可謂題材寬泛,形式多種多樣。其特點是:時氣息濃,可讀性強,理解難度較高。
閱讀理解題對學生提出了較高的能力要求,主要是考查學生通過閱讀獲取信息、分析信息和處理信息的能力,既要抓住文章的主旨,又要抓住細節;既要理解具體事實,又要理解抽象概念;既要理解文章字面意思,又要挖掘作者意圖,揣摩隱藏在字里行間的內涵既要理解全篇的邏輯關系又要理解某些細節的意思,並且在讀懂句子和文章的基礎上,將所讀文章進行判斷、分析和推理。概括的說就是這類題注重考查閱讀技能,包括理解短文大意、了解具體細節、通過上下文猜測詞義、歸納篇章大意,以及推斷或理解作者的態度和意圖等。考生不僅要具有準確獲得信息的能力,還要具有透過文章表層意思理解文章隱含意義的能力。這樣才能抓住中心思想,作出正確的判斷。試題涉及掌握語篇主旨,事實細節、深層含義、推理判斷、猜測詞義等多方面的閱讀能力考查。設題通常考慮以下四個方面:
1. 直觀性問題。直接引用原文中的語句或根據短文中原語句稍加改動而編成
2. 常識性問題。考查學生依據短文信息,並根據自己所具備的一般常識作出判斷的題型。
3. 理解性問題。考查學生對文章的中心思想,某段的段落大意,某一事實的細節及作者意圖等的理解程度。
4. 推理性問題。這類題需在深刻理解短文後,再經過推理判斷才能選出正確答案。
閱讀是一個復雜的心理過程,語言學家古德曼(Groodman)認為,閱讀就是讀者通過其心理和語言活動理解來接受作者的思想和觀點。如果學生能讀懂一篇文章,則表明作者寫作時的思維過程與該生在閱讀時的思維活動趨於吻合,這就是說學生的閱讀理解必須實於原文,不可脫離文章憑空想像。
對學生進行閱讀技巧訓練還應該從文體角度來訓練,因為一篇文章的設題是受其文體限制的。下面我們分析幾個不同體裁文章的特點,供大家參考。
故事類。初中生接觸到的閱讀材料大都是故事類。閱讀故事類的材料,應該抓住人物線索、地點線索、時間線索和情節發展線索。特別注意的是,以上線索往往是並存的。因為情節的發展總是涉及到人物的變化、時間的推移、場景的變換等。而閱讀材料後的閱讀理解題往往會圍繞這些內容設計一些事實類的理解題。凡事實類的理解題都可以從閱讀材料的表層文字中找到答案。在閱讀故事類短文時,應指導學生理解文章的深層含義,也就是它的主題。在此需要注意的是,現在的閱讀理解題在測試事實類的理解題的同時,往往有一道推理類理解測試題.
b.科普類。這里所指的科普類是廣義的。它包含有介紹科學知識、社會知識的短文。閱讀這類短文時,要以事實為中心進行思考,抓住事物的特徵、用途、相互關系等.如果是介紹社會現象的文章,要掌握所談現象的內涵。
c.圖表類。這類短文是通過看圖或表格等來了解某方面的情況。指導學生閱讀這類材料時,主要從兩方面入手;一是了解圖表的主題,確定圖表的主要內容,二是推敲圖畫語盲或數字,找出它們之間的關聯或試圖表達的含義。
d.新聞類。報刊閱讀應逐步成為中學生閱讀的一個重要內容。由於新聞報道強調遵循 5 個 w 和 1 個 H,所以,我們在閱讀時也要抓住這一點去理解。[/p][p=null, 2, left]那麼,如何解決閱讀理解題呢。
做閱讀理解題,根據實際情況,可用不同的方法。對於一些直接信息類題目,先讀問題後讀短文,帶著問題去讀文章,目的明確,容易抓住文中與問題相關的信息點。對於主觀判斷題,則應該從文章整體著手,認真閱讀綜合分析判斷,作出正確選擇。一般情況具體步驟如下:
1. 略讀全文,掌握主旨大意。略讀時要特別注意短文的首段、首句或末句。一般文章的主旨大意就在這里。抓住每段中的關鍵詞語,便可以迅速把握短文的主旨以及主要信息的分布,再答題時就心中有數了。
2.推測詞義,注意要點內容。閱讀中不要過分推敲語言點,要捕捉每段乃至整篇文章的綱目,對於文章中出現的生詞或看不懂的句子,可以根據上下文意思猜測理解。
3.尋讀。掌握短文的主旨大意之後,應認真閱讀題目,准確理解題意及其范圍,帶著問題到短文中尋找相關答案。一般的事實題可直接從文中找出答案。但也要認真斟酌,透過表層結構,領會其深層涵義。而較為深層次的邏輯推理判斷題,則需要建立在對全文理解的基礎上進行。因此,做這類題切忌摻雜主觀因素。
4.復讀審核。初次答完題後,要對照短文內容對所做答案通盤審核,反復斟酌,做出修正,以減少錯誤疏漏。
此外學生做閱讀理解題時,還應注意四點。
1. 注意文章的首段和每段的首句或最後一句。一般說來閱讀題沒有標題,就會給學生了解文章的中心意思造成一定的困難,而文章的首段或每段的首句往往可能是文章或每段的中心,是作者要說明的對象或作者要闡述的觀點,尾句是文章的結論或表達作者意圖、態度、目的。注意到這一點,才能抓住中心,為理解文章奠定良好的基礎。
2. 閱讀文章體裁不同,閱讀的側重點也不同,記敘文中要注意 who(人物),where(地點),when(時間),what(事件),why(原因)說明文要注意說明的對象,特徵、細節及數字等;議論文要注意作者的觀點,論點和論據。
3. 要通過文章線索來分析判斷作者的意圖。文章的結論、中心思想,及深層次的推理判斷,這一點是最難把握的考生做題時要特別注意。
4. 要了解英語國家的風俗習慣,風土人情,了解地道英語語言表達習慣,不能以中國人的習慣來理解文章,闡述問題。
J. 如何培養中學生的英語閱讀理解能力
作為一名執教畢業班多年的英語教師,我發現提高學生的英語閱讀理解能力至關重要。一方面,英語閱讀在英語測試中占的分值很高。不管是完型填空、補全短文還是短篇的短文理解,都要求學生有很好的英語閱讀理解能力。閱讀理解能力強與否決定著英語考試的成敗;另一方面,閱讀是在英語學習中要求學生掌握的四種基本技能之一。北京市特級教師王英民說過:「不會閱讀就不會學英語,閱讀是基礎,沒有閱讀,就不會有很好的聽力,沒有閱讀,就更談不上寫作。」英語閱讀能提高讀者的認識能力,從而促進其他三種技能(聽、說和寫)能力的提高。閱讀也能使人增長見識,拓寬視野。但是在教學中發現,許多學生在閱讀方面存在著困難,不知道正確的閱讀方法。本篇文章將從三個方面出發,主要闡述用什麼樣的方法來增長語言知識,養成良好的閱讀習慣,應該注意哪些閱讀技巧,進而提高中學生的英語閱讀能力,提高閱讀效率。 一、盡可能多的記憶英語單詞,增加自己的詞彙量 掌握一定數量的單詞是提高閱讀理解能力的前提。如果有大量的生疏的單詞,英語短文閱讀起來難度很大。所以掌握一定數量的單詞是學生提高英語閱讀能力的前提和保證。在農村中學,由於受到特定環境的制約和影響,學生在記憶單詞方面面臨著很大的困難。尤其現行的牛津英語的教材詞彙量擴大了不少,記憶的難度就更大了。記憶單詞的方法有很多種,在教學中我經常使用的有以下幾種: 1.詞彙表「八到」記憶法 這是中學生使用最多的方法之一,即將生詞表和人的器官相結合:眼裡看到、心裡想到、手裡寫到、嘴裡拿到、耳朵聽到、(結合實物還可以)鼻子嗅到、舌頭嘗到、手指觸到。學生在記憶時不要偷懶,一定要邊記邊比劃,把各個器官充分調動起來。這種方法使學生把目標詞彙與自己的大腦神經聯系,易記憶深刻,印象持久。 2.分類記憶法 即分析單詞的形態,將所要記得單詞根據其義、形、音進行分類。例如,按音標的拼讀規則記憶單詞,按詞性變化記憶單詞,按同音記憶單詞,教師還可教給學生關於英語詞根和詞綴的知識等;通過詞根加前綴或後綴可派生出新的單詞,將兩個或更多的詞放在一起,可合成新的單詞。 3.聯想記憶法 蘇聯著名心理學家巴甫洛夫指出:「記憶要依靠聯想,而聯想則是新舊正式建立聯系的產物。」美國心理學家威廉·詹姆士也說:「記憶的秘訣就是根據我們想記住的各種材料來進行各種各樣的聯想,而這些聯想就成了各種資料的釣鉤,萬一資料沉沒腦海,我們就可以通過聯想這樣的釣鉤將資料鉤出來。」充分運用發散思維展開自己的想像力,使所要記憶的英語單詞,生動、形象和具體化,使生詞與熟詞之間建立一種聯系,從而達到以舊帶新,快速記憶的目的。 除了記憶生詞表內的詞彙外,學生對於課外的詞彙尤其是熱門詞彙、新詞彙要知道意思。在閱讀材料時,常常會出現一些最新詞彙和縮寫等,如果不清楚,很可能影響對全文的理解。 二、 在平時教學中,注重培養學生的英語閱讀興趣 剛開始時,由於受各種原因的影響,學生對英語文章存在著一定的心理負擔和畏難情緒。教師要定期對學生進行一定量的訓練,一日一篇短文,用「蠶食」的方式來逐步訓練學生。在選材時,文章體裁多樣化,涉及面要廣,趣聞性要強。除了課本中的閱讀材料,教師還應該收集一些與學生水平相當、難度不太大、貼近學生生活、讓學生易感興趣的文章作為課外閱讀訓練材料。例如,可以使用一些關於西方國家風土人情、節日禮儀等方面的文章,還可以使用關於外國校園生活、笑話、寓言故事等文章。在學生讀後,要求他們做一定的習題,或寫出內容概要,這樣既可以提高學生英語閱讀理解能力,又可以訓練他們的口語、書寫能力。 在學生的英語閱讀達到一定水平後,教師可結合考試常見的閱讀題型,如說明文、科普文章等,讓其練習。對學生遇到的困難要鼓勵他們認真思考,推敲,要學會結合上下文理解文章的意思。可定期舉辦一些英語閱讀競賽,提供閱讀材料,要求學生在規定的時間內完成閱讀,要充分肯定他們的成績,讓他們感到一定的成功感。 三、 教會學生正確的閱讀方法,明確目的,提高做題正確率 我們閱讀的目的是為了從材料中獲取有用的相關的信息,目的不同,題目要求不同,我們閱讀的方法也不同,主要方法和技巧有以下幾點: 1.如若學生只想知道文章的主旨和中心意思,只需要瀏覽或略讀即可 在閱讀時,重點讀文章的首句(段)和末句(段)。因為文章的中心思想和主要意思或事情的結果大都是在文章的開頭或結尾的。 2.如若學生想對文章的具體細節進行了解,就要進行精讀 逐句逐段進行閱讀,了解事件發生的開始、經過、結果,這對於掌握具體事實的細節有很大的幫助。 3.如果篇幅過大,故事性不強,時間又有限,學生可根據訓練題目來進行有目的的選讀 4.在閱讀過程中,難免會遇到不熟悉或不認識的生詞,影響理解 若是不重要的詞彙,要求他們可以不要理會,若影響文章的理解,學生們可以結合上下文進行推敲、猜測。用這種方法,有時可以幫助文