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越南戰爭高考英語閱讀理解

發布時間: 2023-04-22 15:00:51

『壹』 誰有高考英語閱讀理解長篇的題目,越多越好

Passage 1
Up,,and Away!
Anadventurer who became the first person to fly across the English Channel on aclusterof balloons has launched a house into the sky just like inthe hit movie Up-in reparation for a more ambitious journey and a new record.
FearlessTrappe,from North Carolina,stepped into the cartoon themed home before flying above the LeonInternational Balloon Festival in Mexico more than a week ago.
The38-year-old Trappe was using the event as a warm-up for his plannedtrans-Atlantic flight scheled for next summer.He aims to complete the 2,500-mile journey in a seven-foot lifeboat carried by 365 huge heliumballoons.
Thebrave man is learning to sail a lifeboat,in case he needs to ditch intothe ocean ring the danger-filled adventure.
Hesill fly at between 18,000 feet and 25,000 feet,beating his previous world altituderecord of 21,600 feet,and must fly uninterrupted a distance ten times longer than his previousworld record of 230 miles in order to succeed.
Theadventurer Trappe,who holds records forcrossing the Alps,flying the most clusterballoons,and the longest distance,has spent his entire career,building up to thisambitious plan.
「Ididn』t wake up one day and think:『I』 going to fly acrossthe Atlantic,』」he said.「Every attempt before this was prepared for this fight,I』ve been training for a long time」.
1.The adventurer flew acrossthe English Channel to__________.
A.test the balloons B.launch a house
C.shoot a hit movie D.prepare for breaking a record
2.To finish the journey,he will fly a distance of__________.
A.2500 miles B.18,000 feet C.25,000 feet D.230 miles
3.About the ambitiousjourney,which is NOT mentioned in thepassage?
A.When he will fly B.How high he sill fly
C.How far he will fly D.How long it will take him
4.How many world recordsdoes Jonathan hold?
A.Two B.Three C.Four D.Five
5.What does he lastparagraph imply?
A.Trappe can』t sleepworrying about the adventure
B.Trappe was born to set world records
C.Trappe always keeps his ambition in mind
D.Trappe never thought of crossing the Atlanticbefore

Passage 2
Everyday we go to school and listen to the teacher,and the teacher will askus some questions.Sometimes,the classmates will ask your opinions of the work of the class.When you are telling others in the class what you have found out aboutthese topics,remember that they must be able tohear what you are saying.You are not taking part ina family conversation or having a chat with friends---you are in a slightlyunnatural situation where a large group of people will remain silent,waiting to hear what you have to say.You must speak so thatthey can hear you---loudly enough and clearly enough but without trying toshout or appearing to force yourself.
Remember,too,that it is the same if you are calledto an interview whether it is with a professor of your school or a governmentofficial who might meet you.The person you are seeingwill try to put you at your ease but the situation is somewhat different fromthat of a ordinary conversation.You must take special carethat you can be heard.
1.When you speak to theclass,you should speak ______.
A.as slowly as possible B.in a low voice C.loudly D.forcefully
2.Usually,when you speak to the class,the class is _______.
A.noisy B.quiet C.having a rest D.serious
3 The situation in the class is ______ that in yourhouse.
A.not very different from B.sometimes the same as
C.sometimes not the same as D.not the same as
4.If you are having aconversation with an official,the most important thingfor you is ______.
A.to show your ability B.to be very gentle
C.to make sure that you can be heard D.to put the official at ease
5.The main idea of thispassage is ______.
A.that we should talk indifferent ways in different situations
B.that we must speak loudly
C.that we must keep silent at any time
D.that we must talk with the class

Passage 3
About21,000 young people in 17 Americanstates do not attend classes in school buildings.
Instead,they receive their elementary and high school ecation by working athome on computers.The Center for EcationReform says the United States has 67 public 「cyberschools.」 and that is about twice as many as two years ago.
The money for students to attend a cyberschoolcomes from the governments of the states where they live.Some ecators say cyberschools receive money that should supporttraditional public schools.They also say it isdifficult to know if students are learning well.
Other ecators praise this new form of ecation for letting studentswork at their own speed.These people saycyberschools help students who were unhappy or unsuccessful in traditionalschools.They say learning at home by computerends long bus rides for children who live far from school.
Whatever the judgement of cyberschools,they are getting more andmore popular.For example,a new cyberschool called Commonwealth Connections Academy will take instudents this fall.It will serve children inthe state of Pennsylvania from ages five through thirteen.
Children get free equipment for their online ecation.This includes a computer,a printer,books and technical services.Parents and students talkwith teachers by telephone or by sending emails through their computers whennecessary.
Students at cyberschools usually do not know one another.But 56 such students who finished studies at Western Pennsylvania CyberCharter School recently met for the first time.They were guests of honorat their graation.
1.What do we know from thetext about students of a cyberschool?
A.They have to take long bus rides toschool.
B.They study at home rather than inclassrooms.
C.They receive money from traditionalpublic schools.
D.They do well in traditional schoolprograms.
2.What is a problem withcyberschools?
A.Their equipment costs a lot of money.
B.They get little support from thestate government.
C.It is hard to know students' progressin learning.
D.The students find it hard to makefriends.
3.Cyberschools are gettingpopular became _______.
A.they are less expensivefor students
B.their students can work at their own speed
C.their graates are moresuccessful in society
D.they serve students in a wider age range
4.We can infer that theauthor of the text is _______.
A.unprejudiced in hisdescription of cyberschools
B.excited about the future ofcyberschools
C.doubtful about the qualityof cyberschoois
D.disappointed at the development ofcyberschools

『貳』 求10篇英語閱讀(高一),越短越好,要答案

AEarly one morning, more than a hundred years ago, an American inventor called Elias Howe finally fell asleep. He had been working all night on the design of a sewing machine but he had run into a very difficult problem: It seemed impossible to get the thread to run smoothly around the needle.Though he was tired, Howe slept badly. He turned and turned. Then he had a dream. He dreamt that he had been caught by terrible savages whose king wanted to kill him and eat him unless he could build a perfect sewing machine. When he tried to do so, Howe ran into the same problem as before. The thread kept getting caught around the needle. The king flew into the cage and ordered his soldiers to kill Howe. They came up towards him with their spears raised. But suddenly the inventor noticed something. There was a hole in the tip of each spear. The inventor awoke from the dream, realizing that he had just found the answer to the problem. Instead of trying to get the thread to run around the needle, he should make it run through a small hole in the center of the needle. This was the simple idea that finally made Howe design and build the first really practised sewing machine.Elias Howe was not the only one in finding the answer to his problem in this way.Thomas Edison, the inventor of the electric light, said his best ideas came into him in dreams. So did the great physicist Albert Einstein. Charlotte Bronte also drew in her dreams in writing Jane Eyre.To know the value of dreams, you have to understand what happens when you are asleep. Even then, a part of your mind is still working. This unconscious(無意識的), but still active part understands your experiences and goes to work on the problems you have had ring the day. It stores all sorts of information that you may have forgotten or never have really noticed. It is only when you fall asleep that this part of the brain can send messages to the part you use when you are awake. However, the unconscious part acts in a special way. It uses strange images which the conscious part may not understand at first. This is why dreams are sometimes called 「secret messages to ourselves」.1..According to the passage, Elias Howe was________.A. the first person we know of who solved problems in his sleepB. much more hard-working than other inventorsC. the first person to design a sewing machine that really workedD. the only person at the time who knew the value of dreams2.The problem Howe was trying to solve was________.A. what kind of thread to useB. how to design a needle which would not breakC. where to put the needleD. how to prevent the thread from getting caught around the needle3.Thomas Edison is spoken of because________.A. he also tried to invent a sewing machineB. he got some of his ideas from dreamsC. he was one of Howe』s best friendsD. he also had difficulty in falling asleep4.Dreams are sometimes called「secret messages to ourselves」 because___.A. strange images are used to communicate ideasB. images which have no meaning are usedC. we can never understand the real meaningD. only specially trained people can understand themBLanguage learning begins with listening. Children are greatly different in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking, and later starters are often long listeners .Most children will 「obey」 spoken instructions some time before they can speak, though the word 「obey」 is hardly accurate as a description of the eager and delighted cooperation usually shown by the child .Before they can speak, many children will also ask questions by gesture and by making questioning noises.Any attempt to study the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that ring the first few months one or two noises sort themselves as particularly expressive as delight, pain, friendliness, and so on. But since these can』t be said to show the baby』s intention to communicate ,they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. It is agreed, too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by six months they are able to add new words to their store. This self-imitation(模仿) on to deliberate(有意的)imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arises as to the point at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech.It is a problem we need to get out teeth into. The meaning of a word depends on what a particular person means by it in a particular situation and it is clear that what a child means by a word will change as he gains more experience of the world .Thus the use at seven months of 「mama」 as a greeting for his mother cannot be dismissed as a meaningless sound simply because he also uses it at other times for his father, his dog, or anything else he likes. Playful and meaningless imitation of what other people say continues after the child has begun to speak for himself, I doubt, however whether anything is gained when parents take advantage of this ability in an attempt to teach new sounds .5.Before children start speaking________.A.they need equal amount of listeningB.they need different amounts of listeningC.they are all eager to cooperate with the alts by obeying spoken instructionsD.they can』t understand and obey the alt』s oral instructions6.Children who start speaking late ________.A.may have problems with their listeningB.probably do not hear enough language spoken around themC.usually pay close attention to what they hearD.often take a long time in learning to listen properly7.A baby』s first noises are ________.A.an expression of his moods and feelingsB.an early form of languageC.a sign that he means to tell you somethingD.an imitation of the speech of alts8.The problem of deciding at what point a baby』s imitations can be considered as speech________.A.is important because words have different meanings for different peopleB.is not especially important because the changeover takes place graallyC.is one that should be properly understood because the meaning of words changes with ageD.is one that should be completely ignored(忽略)because children』s use of words is often meaningless 9.The speaker implies________.A.parents can never hope to teach their children new soundsB.children no longer imitate people after they begin to speakC.children who are good at imitating learn new words more quicklyD.even after they have learnt to speak, children still enjoy imitatingCThe greatest recent changes have been in the lives of women. During the twentieth century there was an unusual shortening of the time of a woman』s life spent in caring for children. A woman marrying at the end of the 19th century would probably have been in her middle twenties, and would be likely to have seven or eight children, of whom four or five lived till they were five years old. By the time the youngest was fifteen, the mother would have been in her early fifties and would expect to live a further twenty years, ring which custom, chance and health made it unusual for her to get paid work. Today women marry younger and have fewer children. Usually a woman』s youngest child will be fifteen when she is forty-five and is likely to take paid work until retirement at sixty. Even while she has the care of children ,her work is lightened by household appliances(家用電器)and convenience foods.This important change in women』s way of life has only recently begun to have its full effect on women』 s economic position. Even a few years ago most girls left school at the first opportunity and most of them took a full-time job. However, when they married, they usually left work at once and never returned to it. Today the school-leaving age is sixteen, many girls stay at school after that age ,and though women tend to marry younger ,more married women stay at work at least until shortly before their first child is born. Many more after wads, return to full or part-time work.Such changes have led to a new relationship in marriage, with both husband and wife accepting a greater share of the ties and satisfaction of family life, and with both husband and wife sharing more equally in providing the money and running the home, according to the abilities and interest of each of them.10.We are told that in an average family about 1990________.A.many children died before they were fiveB.the youngest child would be fifteenC.seven of eight children lived to be more than fiveD.four or five children died when they were five11.When she was over fifty, the late 19th century mother________.A.would expect to work until she diedB.was usually expected to take up paid employmentC.would be healthy enough to take up paid employmentD.was unlikely to find a job even if she is now likely12.Many girls, the passage says, are now likely to ________.A.marry so that they can get a jobB.leave school as soon as they canC.give up their jobs for good after they are marriedD.continue working until they are going to have a baby13.According to the passage,it is now quite usual for women to ________.A.stay at home after leaving schoolB.marry men younger than themselvesC.start working again later in lifeD.marry while still at school 參考答案:CDBAB DABDD DDC 幫你找了一些 字數限制傳不上來 要是不夠可以到這兒找 http://hi..com/jnm370480388/blogO(∩_∩)O~

『叄』 求大學新編英語第二版全部課文翻譯

新編大學英語(第二版) 新編大學英語(第二版)第一冊閱讀文參考譯文 Unit One 課內閱讀文參考譯文 課內閱讀文參考譯文 以生命相贈 1 炸彈落在了這個小村莊里。在可怕的越南戰爭期間,誰也不知道這些炸彈要轟炸什麼目標,而他們 卻落在了一所有傳教士們辦的小孤兒院內。 2 傳教士和一兩個孩子已經喪生,還有幾個孩子受了傷,其中有一個小女孩,8 歲左右,她的雙腿被 炸傷。 3 幾小時後,醫療救援小組到了。救援小組由一名年輕的美國海軍醫生和一名同樣年輕的海軍護士組 成。他們很快發現有個小女孩傷勢嚴重。如果不立即採取行動,顯然她就會因失血過多和休克而死亡。 4 他們明白必須給小女孩輸血,但是他們的醫葯用品很有限,沒有血漿,因此需要相配血型的血。快 速的血型測定顯示兩名美國人的血型都不合適,而幾個沒有受傷的孤兒卻有相配的血型。 5 這位醫生會講一點越南語,忽視會講一點法語,但只有中學的法語水平。孩子們不會說英語,只會 說一點法語。醫生和護士用少得可憐的一點共同語言,結合大量的手勢,努力向這些受驚嚇的孩子們解 釋說,除非他們能輸一些血給自己的小夥伴,否則她將必死無疑。接著問他們是否有人願意獻血來救小 女孩。 6 對醫生和護士的請求,孩子們(只是)瞪大眼睛,一聲不吭。此時小病人生命垂危。然而,只有這 些受驚嚇的孩子中有人自願獻血,他們才能夠得到血。過了好一會兒,一隻小手慢慢地舉了起來,然後 垂了下去,一會兒又舉了起來。 7 「噢,謝謝, 」護士用法語說。 「你叫什麼名字?」 8 「興, 」小男孩回答道。 9 興很快被抱到一張床上,手臂用酒精消毒後,針就扎了進去。在整個過程中,興僵直地躺著,沒有 出聲。 10 過了一會兒,他發出了一聲長長的抽泣,但立即用那隻可以活動的手捂住了自己的臉。 11 「興,疼嗎?」醫生問。 12 興默默地搖了搖頭,但一會兒忍不住又抽泣起來,並又一次試圖掩飾自己的哭聲。醫生又問是不是 插在手臂上的針弄疼了他,興又搖了搖頭。 13 但現在,偶爾的抽泣變成了持續無聲的哭泣。他緊緊地閉著眼睛,用拳頭堵住嘴想竭力忍住哭泣。 14 現在醫療小組非常擔憂,因為針不該使他們的小輸血者一直感到疼痛。顯然出了問題。恰好這時, 一名越南護士前來幫忙。看到小男孩在哭,她用越南話很快地和他說話。聽了小男孩的回答後,又立即 回答他。護士一邊說,一邊俯身輕輕拍著小男孩的頭,她的聲音親切柔和。 15 一會兒,小男孩不再哭了,他睜開眼睛,用詢問的目光看著越南護士。護士點了點頭,小男孩的臉 上馬上露出了寬慰的神色。 16 越南護士抬起頭平靜地對兩名美國人說: 「他以為自己快死了。他誤解了你們,以為你們要他獻出所 有的血,小女孩才能活下來。 」 17 「那他為什麼會願意這么做呢?」海軍護士問。 18 越南護士把這個問題向小男孩重復了一遍。小男孩簡單地回答道: 「她是我的朋友。 」 19 他為了朋友甘願獻出自己的生命,沒有比這更偉大的愛了。 課外閱讀短文 1 參考譯文 熱愛你的鄰居 1 在我看來,鄰居在美國似乎要過時了。那個借給你 4 個雞蛋或一架梯子的鄰居朋友搬走了,現在住 在那兒的是陌生人。 2 有些關於鄰居的老觀念也許是荒謬的。 我們與鄰居之間的關系正在發生變化, 這也許是該慶幸的事。 宗教上教導我們要「熱愛你的鄰居」 ,其原文很可能為「尊敬你的鄰居」 ,但沒有把它翻譯好。愛不會因 為我們希望有愛而存在。 3 在美國,目前還住在五年前就住著的房子里的人,不到半數,因而沒有什麼理由僅僅因為是買了你 隔壁的房子住在那兒,你就要去熱愛他們。一開始鄰居間唯一的共同點是住得近,這並不足以使你們成 為最要好的朋友,除非後來有新的進展。選鄰居做朋友的可能性很小,盡管這種情況也有。換言之,你 的鄰居挑選你做朋友的可能性也很小。 4 與鄰居的最佳關系是保持友好的距離。你們互相打招呼;在院子里見到時有時會聊一聊,討論討論 問題,需要幫助時互相幫助。你們(兩家)之間的一簇簇灌木叢或者籬笆並不是冷漠無情的隔閡,而是 一道界限分明的邊界。我們都喜歡有自己明確的分界線。 5 如果鄰居換了人,整個鄰里不會變。鄰里該有什麼還會有。如果你的周圍確實有街坊,可以肯定, 下面的大多數人,都能在你的街坊鄰里中找到: —— 一個子女很多卻照料不過來的家庭; —— 一隻常常鑽垃圾桶的狗; —— 一座豪宅,裡面的主人太富有了,以至於與鄰里格格不入; —— 一個壞小孩,他偷竊、放火燒東西,雖然從來沒人能夠證實; —— 一直到三月還保留著聖誕燈飾的人; —— 整個夏天修草坪不超過兩次的人; —— 每個星期都修兩次草坪的人,其中有一次似乎總是在星期天早上7點半; —— 一戶人家,好像從不關燈; —— 一個少年,他夏天時老是開著窗戶把收音機放得震耳欲聾; —— 多數的晚上,把「汪汪」叫的狗放在戶外直到 11 點半的人; __ 一對神秘的夫婦,他們來去無蹤,無人知曉他們在干什麼; —— 一對夫婦,與朋友開晚會總是會很吵鬧,到了室外光告別就要花一個小時,而後扯著嗓門開始 互相喊再見; —— 不拉遮陽窗簾的人。 6 與以前的社區相比,人們更嚮往以前的鄰里。也許社區是一個更好的單位。街坊鄰里只是一群住得 近的人,而一個社區里卻是一群放下個人牽掛、為更多人做一些重要事情的人。 課外閱讀短文 2 參考譯文 我們都需要朋友 1 有要好的老朋友是件好事,但結交新朋友則會更好。不論我們年齡有多大,我們都感激朋友給予我 們的支持與幫助。這種幫助可能是為一件小事,也可能是為了挽救我們的生命。幫助或支持的多少並不 是最重要的,真正重要的是擁有好朋友。 2 我剛交了一位新朋友——瓊。結識她並不僅僅是又多了一位在街上碰到時打個招呼講講話的人,她 是一位可靠的朋友。她會跟我一起吃午飯,會順便到我家來喝杯茶。我有時會無緣無故感到悲傷或憂愁, 這時她會聽我說,是我感到有人理解我,她就是這樣的人。 3 這對我來說可不是一件小事。僅與老友們保持聯系,已經使我在時間和精力上勉為其難了,更不用 說結交新朋友了。 但是隨著年齡的增長——現在我已經有 35 歲了——擁有一張安全的朋友關系網變得重 要了。隨著老朋友的離開,這張網出現了一個個缺口。我現在需要花一些精力去結識新朋友。 4 結交朋友很像經歷了可怕的分手後再去約會。你猶豫躊躇,裹足不前,因為你很難相信你又得從頭 來過。但當你真正做的時候,它的難度還不到你預料的一半,而得到的回報卻是你原本期望的兩倍。 5 例如,我以前沒見過瓊,而她現在卻是我最好的朋友之一。第一次相遇時我們都在市游泳池等自己 五歲的兒子下游泳課。瓊當時正在讀一本書,那本書我早已為我的讀書俱樂部度過。我想跟她說些什麼, 但卻說不出來。我似乎已失去了說聲「你好」的能力。 6 在更衣室里,我們又碰到了,當時我們的兒子都穿好了衣服正准備回家。我幾乎是對著他的背說: 「你覺得艾米·譚的書怎麼樣?」她轉過身來,我卻像個十幾歲的孩子一樣臉紅了。 「噢, 」她說, 「我正 在看《正骨師的女兒》 ,真的很喜歡這本書。自從我讀過《喜福會》後,埃米一直是我最喜歡的作家。 」 7 接下來的兩次游泳課後,我們又互相交談,比較我們的閱讀書目,然後跟著我們的兒子跑出更衣室。 到了第五次游泳課時,我們約好了花一天時間去城裡購物。對於像我這個年紀的人來說,你不覺得那是 很不尋常的嗎? 8 我過去基本上不挑選朋友。多年來,我讓命運替我決定朋友。一份新工作,一所新城市,一幢昂貴 的公寓,讓我與原本連說聲「你好」都不可能的人成了朋友。然而隨著年歲的增長,我對有些朋友已變 得不耐煩了,覺得這種因機遇建立的朋友關系有時會經不起生活變化的考驗。這種類型的朋友,在你有 困難真正需要幫助時並不一定會幫助你。 9 我們和朋友在一起是能夠自然不做作,那是一件很了不起的事,是一份很珍貴的禮物,不能不送給 其他朋友共同分享。結交朋友,享受友誼,其實並不需要花費那麼多的時間,或那麼多的努力。 Unit Two 課內閱讀文參考譯文 課內閱讀文參考譯文 特種快遞 1 到了機場才發現我兄弟達成的班機延誤了一小時。通常我在機場等候接人時,會把時間消磨在觀看 飛機起降上。可那天晚上我頭疼的厲害。我想噴氣發動機所發出的噪音會使頭痛的更厲害,於是決定在 機場內逛一會兒。 2 當我走過那些店鋪時,碰巧看到陳列在那兒的航空箱包,這是我想起了自己的公文包。我這才意識 到沒有提著它。我馬上努力回憶:會把它遺忘在哪兒呢。自從離開航空公司票務櫃台後,我沒有在其他 任何地方停留過,所以我推想,我一定是把包放下後留在那裡了。我急忙回去取,可是公文包已無影無 蹤。起先我確信一定有人順手把它提走了,但隨後想,也有可能看到包的人已把它交給了櫃台,便在票 務櫃台排隊等候。輪到我是,我描述了包的特徵,並詢問會不會有人把它交到了櫃台,那位航空公司代 理搖了搖頭。這是我朝他身後的行李輸送帶瞥了一眼,輸送帶正把行李從辦理登記手續處往下面的裝貨 區傳送。我大聲叫道: 「我的包就在那兒! 」然而,當代理回頭看時,公文包已傳送到輸送帶的盡頭,突 然消失看不見了。 3 「你看到自己的包了?」代理問我。 4 「是的! 」我大聲地說。 「它剛穿過那邊那個口子。這下我怎麼才能把它取回來呢?」 5 「這不難, 」代理回答說: 「把你的行李領取憑證給我,我想我們能夠在裝機前截住它。 」 6 「可我沒有行李憑證! 」我答道。 「我沒辦托運!我哪兒都不去,我是來接人的。 」我平靜了一下情緒, 解釋了事情的經過,並指出很可能有人把包交到了櫃台,而某位代理把它和其他行李一起辦了托運並放 到了傳送帶上。 7 代理告訴我,能找回包的唯一辦法是,填寫一張認領單,在上面寫清公文包的外觀特徵。等我填完 表格,代理打電話到下面的行李區查詢時, (得知)包已被裝上了一架班機,但不知是哪一架。代理抄下 了我的電話號碼,並保證他們一找到包就給我打電話。盡管我住在蘇城,離機場有一個半小時的車程, 他們還是會一找到包就把它送到我家來。 8 我兄弟的航班到了。我們領了他的箱子後便走向停車場找我的車。回家的路上,我把公文包的是告 訴了她。到了家,我們把行李從車上卸下來。當我兄弟從車里拿出一隻公文包時,我真不敢相信自己的 眼睛。原以為已丟失的公文包其實根本就沒有被帶進機場!它一直躺在後座的地上。我意識到,此時此 刻航空公司的人正在開往丹佛、聖路易斯和芝加哥的航班上逐一檢查行李,尋找我的公文包。我還得打 電話告訴他們,已經在自己的車里找到了包,一想到要打這個電話,心裡真叫痛苦。 9 我們走進屋子時電話鈴正響著。聽電話時,我驚呆了,電話里一位航空公司的工作人員說: 「我們有 好消息告訴你!我們在丹佛找到了你的公文包,11 點前應該能到這里。午夜後不久便能送到你家。 」 課外閱讀短文 1 參考譯文 記憶力與人的大腦 1 我們能夠確切地知道人類和其他一些智能動物是如何進行記憶 的嗎?有人認為這永遠都無法辦到。但是,有些研究大腦功能及大腦和記憶的關系的科學家並不認同這 一觀點。 2 現在,眾所周知,和大腦的其他功能一樣,記憶位於人腦的某些具體區域。這些區域可能被找到, 它們在大腦的位置也可能會確定下來。它們在瞬時記憶和長時記憶時共同運轉。盡管科學家們尚未完全 認識大腦,他們已經取得了很大的進展,將來總有一天,人們能夠從生理和心理兩個角度來全面地描述 大腦。 3 有些人宣稱他們能回憶起很多年前發生的事。你有過同樣的經歷嗎?實際上,這些長時記憶中的細 微之處都准確無誤,可以把它們比作大腦中的電影回放。一旦讓這種記憶畫面開始放映,我們便經歷整 個記憶過程。這種大腦中的電影正是我們擁有自我意識的原因。由此我們明白我們是誰並能感知自身的 存在。 4 回想一下你在小學低年級學過的一些東西,比如一首長詩,一個笑話或一首歌。如果你還記得你往 往能很難准確地重復整首詩或整首歌。你往往會記得當時要你學會這首詩或這首歌的理由。這也許是為 了表演節目,還邀請了家人觀看;也許是一次令人愉快的節日聚會,會上你父母要你把自己學會的東西 向在場的人匯報一下。 5 然而,有時候你甚至連瞬時記憶的細節都會遺忘。這往往發生在你的記住很多事情時,特別是當你 感到身體不適或沒有休息好時。 6 我們都「學過」一些我們認為能幫助自己在學校考試中取得高分的知識。然而,當我們想要回想起 這些知識時,我們往往不是記不起來,就是只記得我們自認為學過的知識的一小部分。 7 你有沒有經歷過這樣的事情:你正要給一個朋友打電話,卻記不起電話號碼了。你去雜貨店替你媽 媽買樣東西,到了那兒卻記不起來她讓你買什麼。即便是一些我們記得滾瓜爛熟的東西,要用的時候也 會想不起來。也許 10 分鍾後,也許第二天,我們的記憶會告訴我們這些是什麼。不過,千真萬確的是: 我們的記憶並不總是完美的。當然,通過訓練,可以提高我們的記憶力。訓練的方法通常包括重復要記 的事實。甚至把它們一遍一遍地寫下來,直到輕而易舉地記住。 8 記憶力使得我們能記住事實,結合新的信息來分析,從而做出對我們重要的決定。假如記憶總是完 美無缺的,那該多好啊!如果我們能更多地了解記憶的生理和心理機制,那該多好啊! 課外閱讀短文 2 參考譯文 遺忘的益處 1 我們都曾希望擁有完美的記憶力,想要記住事情的每一個細節。 我們會遺忘在學校和家裡學到的很多東西,這太糟糕了。如果我們對過去的記憶既不準確又不完整,我 們又怎麼能夠做出符合實際的自我評價呢? 2 然而,完美的記憶力並不總是像人們想像的那麼美好。有這樣一個關於俄羅斯記者「S」的故事。他 只需看上幾秒鍾便能記住長串的數字、單詞和許多頁電話號碼簿上的內容。甚至在多年以後,他仍能將 這些長串的信息倒背如流。他還記得他第一次記這些材料時的情景。3 「S」用各種各樣的記憶「竅門」幫助自己記憶,其中的許多竅門涉及到在大腦中形成圖像。不過, 你不必羨慕他,因為他有一個很嚴重的問題:不會遺忘。那些大腦中的圖像老是浮現在他眼前,使他分 心,無法集中注意力。有時甚至連與人作簡單的交談都成問題。因為對方的話老是讓他想起其他東西。 事實上,人們把他描述成一個「遲鈍」的人。最終, 「S」無法勝任自己的工作,只好以「記憶專家」 的身份巡迴演出,向人們展示他的才能,以次來謀生。擁有這種記憶問題的人的例子還有很多,他們來 自不同的國家,說各種不同的語言。 4 或許你仍然認為擁有完美的記憶力是一件好事。那麼,請你設想一下記住一切會是什麼情形。每當 你回憶過去時,你都不但會記起你經歷中的精華,而且還記得毫無價值的瑣事。記憶也許會花上你數小 時,而不是片刻。你頭腦中也許會一片混亂,使你無法把信息組織好。有了完美的記憶力,你也許會記 住那些最好能忘記的東西。難道你真想記住每次憤怒的爭吵,每個你所犯的錯誤和生命中每個痛苦的瞬 間嗎?「記住一切」會對你和家人,朋友的關系產生什麼影響?成功地建立一種親密關系是否有可能取 決於一定程度的遺忘呢?或許只有把那些不愉快的記憶鎖進記憶的角落裡不再去想,才有可能自信和樂 觀呢?如果你記住這些,你就能理解為什麼完美的記憶力不是我們該擁有的最佳記憶力。 5 就像牢記一樣,某種程度的遺忘有助於我們的正常生活。那麼,有益的遺忘和有害的遺忘之間的界 限又在哪裡呢?如果你可以選擇,你會選擇清楚地記住哪些東西,又讓哪些東西從你的記憶中消失呢? 請想一想! Unit Three 課內閱讀文參考譯文 課內閱讀文參考譯文 沒有言語的交流 1 當你學一門外語的時候,你一定要學詞彙和語法,但這些還遠遠不夠。要想成功地進行交流,你還 必須學習該文化的非言語語言,或者說「身勢語」 。身勢語是一個術語,是我們用來描述那些可以傳遞信 息的臉部表情,手勢以及其他身體動作的術語。這種交流方式非常重要,實際上我們用動作表達的信息 可以比用言語表達的信息更多。 2 有時候我們發現說一門外語很困難,因為我們可能不了解另一種文化的非言語信號,或者說那些信 號在我們自己文化中的含義可能迥然不同。例如,在世界上不同的地方,上下點頭的動作就傳遞不同的 信息。在北美,該動作表示「我同意」 。在中東地區,向下點頭表示「我同意」 而向上抬頭表示「我不 , 同意」 。日本人 說話的時候這個動作通常只是表示「我在聽著呢」 。一位在美國的日本學生好不容易才了 解了其中的差別。在和一位推銷員說話的時候,這位學生禮貌性地點頭,表示我在聽著。結果第二天那 位推銷員就將一台嶄新的洗衣機送到了他的公寓。 3 目光接觸所表達的含義也很豐富,但是,在不同的國家裡,它表達的意思不同。在一些講西班牙語 的國家,孩子在與年長者談話時,不直視對方的眼睛,以表示尊重。而在其他國家,別人則期待你看著 他的眼睛。例如,如果你在美國不這么做的話,人們會以為你害怕,尷尬或者是生氣了。 4 世界上很多地方都用兩中基本的手勢來招呼別人朝自己走過來。 在亞洲, 人們把手指朝下微曲起來, 做擺手的動作,而有些北美人則用這個動作向孩子們道別。北美人用大致相同的手勢招呼別人走過來, 但是他們的手指是向下彎曲的。因此,去國外訪問的人必須了解這些差別,否則也許會表達錯誤的信息。 5 我們在談話是與對方保持的距離同樣也是交流過程中的一個重要方面,但是我們很少想到這一點。 通常,北美人比拉丁美洲人和中東人更喜歡彼此間距離大一點。在一個國際會議上可能會出現這樣的情 景:談話時兩個外交官慢慢地從房間的這一頭移到那一頭,其中一個想竭力拉大彼此間的距離,而另一 個則想竭力縮小這一距離。通常,喜歡距離大的那個人一直退到背靠牆,無路可退為止,他的努力也以 失敗告終。 6 盡管我們花了很多年時間來學習一門外語,如果我們不了解那個文化的非言語語言和正確的舉止的 話,就會產生誤解。如果我們不知道應該握手還是鞠躬,什麼時候坐著,什麼時候站著,在不熟悉的場 合應該有什麼樣的舉止,那麼我們就沒有真正具備用外語交流的能力。或許在讀,寫,說,聽四項傳統 的交流技能之外還應該加上第五項技能:文化意識。 課外閱讀短文 1 參考譯文 學會任何聆聽 1 在日常生活中,不良的聽話習慣會給你造成很大的損害。不論是在工作中還是在社會生活中,你的成 功在很大的程度上與你如何聽人說話有關。許多大企業和二十多所重點大學都非常關注我們的不良聽話 習慣。為了找出問題的所在,解決這類問題,我們開設了「聽話培訓班」以及各類課程。 2 我給其中的一個培訓班上課,我的教學經驗告訴我,許多人看似在聽,卻並沒有聽到要點。因此, 他們從別人的話中得出錯誤的結論。當我們考慮該對別人持什麼樣的態度,以及如何使工作成功時,這 是很嚴肅的問題。 3 那些在許多方面給我們損害的不良聽話習慣到底是什麼呢?在對培訓班上的許多學員進行深入研究 時,我觀察到一些很常見的不良聽話習慣,下面列舉幾種。4 我們沒有心思等待。我們思維的速度大比多數人說話速度快四到十倍。因此,當我們等待別人說話 的時候,往往會走神。有時候,走神的時間挺長。 5 自認為已經知道了。我們很自信地以為知道別人想說些什麼,以至於不去全神貫注地聽。 6 我們是在看而不是在聽。相互介紹時有多少次是由於你在注意對方的長相和動作而沒能記住他的名 字?由於同樣的原因,其他的信息也沒有聽進去,而這種情況比你可能會意識到的要普遍得多。 7 我們是忙碌的聽眾。我們會一邊聽人講話,一邊將部分注意力分散在報紙,電台或電視節目上。外界 的噪音也會分散我們的一部分注意力。所以我們沒有真正在「聽」也就不足為奇了。 8 以上是一些常見的聽話時會有的毛病。幸運的是,只要稍加努力都可以糾正。我們提出三種方法來 幫助你成為更好的聽眾。 9 學會集中注意力。這是聽別人說話的一個重要部分。試著玩玩這種游戲:二加三減五加四乘二減六 等於幾?類似的練習被用在聽力訓練課程中。 10 減少分散注意的事物。 當別人要和你說話時, 決意把報紙放在一邊, 也不同時聽電台或看電視節目。11 復述指令。練習復述指令或指示,要正確無誤。如果做不到,你顯然就無法正確執行這些指令。 12 養成良好的聽話習慣並非易事。聽到,理解然後牢記信息需要很多精力。要聽得准確,同時有要做 其他事情是非常困難的。當良好的聽話習慣會讓你收益。 13 如果你認識到那些會給你造成損害的毛病並能加以改正, 好運就會到來。 傾聽他人說話會使你獲得 更親密的友情,更融洽的家庭關系。你還可能會得到更高的收入和更成功的生活。 課外閱讀短文 2 參考譯文 如何同任何人、在任何時間、 如何同任何人、在任何時間、任何場合談話 1 善於交談是生活中的一大樂趣,還能隨之帶來生活的最大回報。有時候這並不是件容易的事。但是, 你練習得越多,就越容易說得好。如果你希望能夠和任何人,在任何時間和任何場合談話,你需要牢記 六個要素。 2 首先,你無需說精闢的話讓人引用。大部分時間里,別人並不期待你說出雋語。他們也不等著把你 所說的話錄下來。因此,你只要開口說話,只要你的話有趣,足以吸引聽眾。 3 第二,正確的態度----交談的願望----是成為一名能說會道者的根本。與人交談是盡量熱情些。別人 也會對你的熱情做出積極的反應,而且你會發現自己的確也變得滿腔熱情。另一方面,如果你在和別人 交談時缺乏熱情,他們也很容易發現,從而做出消極的反應。 4 第三點要記住的是要輪流發言。仔細傾聽會使你成為更好的發言者。隨後提問提得好也是出色交談 者的標志。傾聽是每一個人學習的一種方式。聽得越多,你為自己成為一名優秀的交談者所做的准備就 越充分。 5 第四個要點是努力開闊眼界。最優秀的交談者能夠談論那些自己日常生活之外的議題和經歷。你可 以通過旅遊來拓寬自己的世界,但也可以足不出戶就做到這一點。當然,你能通過閱讀掌握知識。但是, 要記住的一個要點是,那些與你背景不同的人可以開闊你的談話內容和思考范圍。 6 第五點要記住的是,談話不應過分嚴肅而且時間不應過長。幽默感很有用,有時講個和自己有關的 小笑話也會使談話輕鬆起來。 7 與人交談要真誠。你應當對你的交談對象坦率、誠實,正如你也希望他們這樣對待你一樣。你要樂 意告訴他們你的背景以及個人喜惡。那是談話中相互理解、平等交換的一個重要方面,一個了解別人和 讓別人了解自己的重要方面。對自己的情況要照實說,這樣准沒錯。 8 無論你和一個人交談,還是和許多人交談,規則都是一樣的,那就是建立聯系。只要顯示你的同情 心、熱情和傾聽的願望,你就一定會成為一名談話大師。 Unit Four 課內閱讀文參考譯文 課內閱讀文參考譯文 新的開端 1 當我父母開車離去,留下我可憐巴巴站在停車場上時,我開始尋思我在校園里該做什麼。我決定我 最想做的就是平安無事地回到寢室。我感到似乎校園里每個人都在看我。我打定主意:豎起耳朵,閉上 嘴巴,但願別人不知道我是個新生。 第二天早上我找到了上第一節課的教室,大步走了進去。然而,進了教室,我又碰到了一個難題。坐哪 兒呢?猶豫再三,我挑了第一排邊上的一個座位。 3 「歡迎你們來聽生物 101 課, 」教授開始了開場白。天哪,我還以為這是文學課!我的後脖根上冒出 了冷汗,摸出課程表核對了一下教室號-----教室號是對的,但我卻走錯了教學樓。 4 怎麼辦?上課期間就站起來走出去?教授會不會生氣?大家肯定會盯著我看。算了吧。我還是穩坐 在座位上,盡量使自己看起來和生物專業的學生一樣認真。 下了課後我覺得有點餓,便趕忙去自助食堂。我往拖盤里裝了些三明治就朝座位走去, 就在這時,我無意中踩到了一大灘番茄醬。手中的托盤傾斜了,我失去了平衡。就在我屁股著地的剎那 間,我看見自己整個人生在眼前一閃而過,然後終止在大學上課的第一天。 摔到後的幾秒里,我想要是沒有人看見我剛才的窘想該有多好。但是,食堂里所有的 學生都站了起來,歡呼鼓掌,我知道他們不僅看見了我剛才的情景,而且下決心要我永遠都不會忘掉那 一幕。 7 接下來的三天里,我獨自品嘗羞辱,用以果腹的也只是從安放在房間外的機器上買來的沒有營養的 食品。到了第四天,我感到自己急需補充一些真正的食物。興許三天的時間足以讓校園里的人把我忘在 腦後。於是我去了食堂。 8 我好不容易排隊取到了食物,踮腳走到一張桌子前坐下。突然我聽到一陣熟悉的嘩啦跌倒聲,抬頭 看見一個可憐的傢伙遭遇了和我原先一樣的命運。當人們開始像對待我那樣歡呼鼓掌的時候,我對他滿 懷同情。他站起身,咧嘴大笑,雙手緊握高舉在頭頂上,做出勝利的姿勢。 我是否摔了托盤,坐在教室的哪個位置,甚至於是否走錯了教室,有誰會在乎呢?沒 有人在乎。這不像在中學。在大學里,這些都無關緊要。我完全可以按自己的意願行事。 10 一旦意識到我不必考慮別人的期望,只要自己滿意就行,我感到釋然。我開始把上大學看作一個美 妙的實驗。我稍稍改變了自己的穿著,開始欣賞爵士樂,還認定自己喜歡光著腳走路。 11 在以後的大學生活里,我不再試圖做出什麼姿態,而是順其自然。大學,在我看來,也許是唯一一 個有錯誤可以完全得到諒解的階段(包括踩到番茄醬,摔了托盤) 。

『肆』 一篇英語閱讀題 求答案以及翻譯。

Photos that you might have found down the back of your sofa are now big business!

In 2005, the American artist Richard Prince』s photograph of a photograph, Untitled (Cowboy), was sold for $ 1, 248, 000.

Prince is certainly not the only contemporary artist to have worked with so-called 「found photographs」—a loose term given to everything from discarded(丟棄的) prints discovered in a junk shop to old advertisements or amateur photographs from a stranger』s family album. The German artist Joachim Schmid, who believes 「basically everything is worth looking at」, has gathered discarded photographs, postcards and newspaper images since 1982. In his on-going project, Archiv, he groups photographs of family life according to themes: people with dogs; teams; new cars; dinner with the family; and so on.

Like Schmid, the editors of several self-published art magazines also champion (捍衛) found photographs. One of them, called simply Found, was born one snowy night in Chicago, when Davy Rothbard returned to his car to find under his wiper(雨刷) an angry note intended for some else: 「Why』s your car HERE at HER place?」 The note became the starting point for Rothbard』s addictive publication, which features found photographs sent in by readers, such a poster discovered in our drawer.

The whole found-photograph phenomenon has raised some questions. Perhaps one of the most difficult is: can these images really be considered as art? And if so, whose art? Yet found photographs proced by artists, such Richard Prince, may riding his horse hurriedly to meet someone? Or how did Prince create this photograph? It』s anyone』s guess. In addition, as we imagine the back-story to the people in the found photographs artists, like Schmid, have collated (整理), we also turn toward our own photographic albums. Why is memory so important to us? Why do we all seek to freeze in time the faces of our children, our parents, our lovers, and ourselves? Will they mean anything to anyone after we』ve gone?

那被你在你的沙發下後面找到的照片現在是大筆生意!

在2005年,美國藝術家Richard Prince的照片,無標題的(牛仔),以 $ 1, 248, 000被賣了。

Prince的確不是當代唯一的藝術家。他與所謂的「found photographs」—— 一個在不固定的期限里從舊貨店發現的被丟棄的印刷品對舊廣告或從一個陌生的家庭冊頁的非職業照片。 德國藝術家Joachim Schmid,相信「基本上一切值得看」,會集了被丟棄的照片、明信片和報紙圖片自1982年以來。 在他持續的項目, Archiv,他根據題材編組家庭生活的照片: 有狗的人們; 隊; 新車; 家庭的晚餐; 等等。

就像Schmid,這位自已出版幾本藝術雜志編輯,也捍衛這些被找到的照片。 其中的一個,僅僅被叫作「Found」,是出生一多雪的夜在芝加哥,當Davy Rothbard回到他的汽車發現在他的雨刷之有一張的惱怒的字條: 「為什麼在這里,您的汽車在她的地方?」筆記成為了Rothbard』s致癮出版物的,起點特點發現照片讀者送,在我們的抽屜發現的這樣海報。

The整體發現照片現象提出了有些問題。 或許一最困難是: 這些圖象真的能被被認為是藝術嗎? 如果可以,那是誰的藝術? 被找到的照片由藝術家,這樣Richard Prince生產了,可以倉促地騎著他的馬遇見某人? 或者王子怎麼創造了這張照片? 這是大家的猜測。 另外,當我們想像這些找到的照片的藝術家們(比如Schmid)背後故事的時候,我們也轉動往我們自己的攝影冊頁。 為什麼是記憶很重要對我們? 我們所有尋求為什麼結冰在計時我們的孩子、我們的父母,我們的戀人和我們自己? 它們是否將意味是在我們離去後的任何人的任何一切?

『伍』 2021年高考英語全國卷2 - 閱讀理解C

You』ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans—between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, foreing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic procts.
你聽說過塑料正在污染海洋——每年有480萬到1270萬噸塑料進入海洋生態系統。但是,一根塑料吸管或杯子真的能帶來變化嗎?藝術家本傑明·馮·黃想讓你知道這是真的。他用塑料垃圾建造了巨大的雕塑,讓觀眾重新審視他們與一次性塑料製品的關系。

At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called「Strawpocalypse,」 a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
今年年初,這位藝術家創作了一幅名為「Strawpocalypse」的作品,這是一對10英尺高的塑料波浪,凝結在半空,由從幾次海灘清理志願者中收集的168,000根塑料吸管製成,首次出現在越南胡志明市的埃斯黛拉廣場購物中心。

Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source of plastic pollution, but they』ve recently come under fire because most people don』t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that' s part of Von Wong's artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.
全球只有9%的塑料垃圾被回收利用。塑料吸管絕不是的塑料污染的最大來源,但最近它們受到了猛烈抨擊,因為大多數人不需要用吸管喝飲料,而且由於它們體積小、重量輕,無法回收。馮·黃作品中的每一根吸管都可能來自一種只喝了幾分鍾的飲料。一旦飲料消失,吸管需要幾個世紀才能消失。

In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload's worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled "Truckload of Plastic, "Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they』d been mped from a truck all at once.
在2018年的一篇文章中,馮·黃想舉例說明具體的統計數據:每60秒,一卡車的塑料進入海洋。在這項名為「一卡車塑料」的作品中,馮·黃和一群志願者收集了1萬多塊塑料,然後將它們綁在一起,看起來像是突然從卡車上被傾倒了下來。

Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to rece their plastic footprint.
馮·黃希望他的工作也能幫助大公司減少塑料足跡。

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