高考英語閱讀段落大意
『壹』 高考英語閱讀理解題型及解題技巧
高考英語閱讀理解題型及解題技巧如下：
1、題型分類：主旨大意題，答題技巧：閱讀理解文章多是議論文和說明文，這兩種文體的結構可歸納為：提出問題——論述問題——得出結論或者闡明觀點。對於這類文章，抓主題句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。
2、細節理解題，答題技巧：可直接找到相關細節，但需經過計算方可找到答案。
3、推理判斷題，答題技巧：推斷題是考查大家透過文章表面的文字信息進行分析、綜合、歸納等邏輯推理的能力。推理和判斷必須以事實為依據，切莫主觀臆斷。
4、詞義猜測題，答題技巧：通過因果關系猜詞通過因果關系猜詞。專業老師在線權威答疑 zy.offercoming.com
『貳』 09高考英語北京卷D篇結構，包括各段大意，不用逐句翻譯
讀第一段（第一句），這篇閱讀理解是關於：藝術被冷落，應試教育過於受到重視的文章
通過下文知道這篇其實是將音樂的重要性，此時我不知道分析的是否正確，因為我只讀到第二段。
音樂告訴你是誰、提供給你感知世界的方法、它們和數學語文一樣是一種強大的思維習慣並且，音樂等藝術形式告訴我們生命的意義，這是自然科學無法給予的。
所以，藝術（細胞）的培養尤其重要。
總的來講，這篇閱讀屬於說明文形式的，不需要細讀，但是呢？你得知道大意和框架結構，然後從題目中來篩選重要信息。短句快讀，長句盡量不要跳過，試著去讀，去分析主謂賓、定狀補。看清題目要求更能使你不該丟分的地方不丟分
『叄』 2021全國高考英語一卷D篇閱讀理解辨析
2021全國高考英語一卷D篇閱讀理解
試題文本第一段：Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intelligence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person』s makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and 「people skills.」 Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.
原文節選第一段對照：Popularization has in some cases distorted the original scientific definition of emotional intelligence. Many people now equate emotional intelligence with almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and "people skills." Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.
1. 本段關鍵信息詞彙：changed, popularization, original, misunderstand, makeup, far beyond, skill-based，but,
a. Popularization: 為大眾所普遍接受的（對普通公眾有吸引力的行為、或者現象）
b.makeup: 取含義 （N-UNCOUNT 天性;性格）Some-one's make-up is their nature and the various qualities in their character.
There was some fatal flaw in his makeup, and as time went on he lapsed into long silences or became off-hand.
他的性格有致命的缺陷，隨著時間的推移，他陷入了久久的沉默，或者變得漠然。
2. 黑體詞部分從語篇思維角度可能會是影響閱讀理解的關鍵詞，也可能是命題題點所需要支持的信息詞。
32.What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence?
A. It can be measured by an IQ test.
B. It helps to exercise a person』s mind.
C. It includes a set of emotional skills.
D. It refers to a person』s positive qualities.
本題題干提問信息詞彙：misunderstanding。相對應上面2提到的閱讀以及命題關鍵詞：misunderstood。本題的四個選項對這一部分進行了paraphrase，干擾項把原文信息進行了相反的paraphrase，正確項貌似對信息almost everything desirable 進行了paraphrase：It refers to a person』s positive qualities.但事實上，desirable 和positive 是兩個具有不同性質的修飾類形容詞。兩者嚴謹來講不能同指同一事物。此處，答案選擇D。
文本第一段命題人修改了兩個信息詞distorted—changed；equate—misunderstood。這兩對詞彙的替換是否恰當，供讀者們探討。本觀點認為有欠妥當，因為欠妥當，引起32題的設計結合原文讓人感覺不地道。Distort相似與misunderstood，而equate和misunderstood基本很難語義相關。
考試文本第二段：We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.
We prefer to define emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either prosocial or antisocial purposes. The ability to accurately perceive how others are feeling may be used by a therapist to gauge how best to help her clients, whereas a con artist might use it to manipulate potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one an ethical person.
1.標色部分為「第二段」的試題文本和原文改動詞彙對比。試題文本被認為在此處劃分了另一段落。是否符合語篇寫作形式邏輯，需要從寫作技巧上進行具體分析。
2.事實上，define無需改為describe。Prosocial or antisocial purposes改為good or bad purposes已經改變了，原作者的寫作意圖，兩者含義區別很大，會給讀者造成一定的思維干擾。perceive,understand,know這樣的替換還是可以的。therapist/doctor，gauge/find, client/ patient,whereas/while, con artist/cheater的替換也可以接受。Ethical 應該是課標詞彙，無需修改。
3.「The ability< to accurately understand how others are feeling >may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. 」這是一個復雜句子，the ability 指上文提到的emotional intelligence所代表的能力。The ability may be used by a doctor to find...whereas (此處還是覺得原詞更好）表示「指定性轉折對比」，醫生可以用以對症治療，騙子也可能拿來行騙。得出結論：有情商的人群可能是具有兩面性的分類人群。
33. Why does the author mention 「doctor」 and 「cheater」 in paragraph 2?
A. To explain a rule. B. To clarify a concept.
C. To present a fact. D. To make a prediction.
此題屬於細節理解題。理解了原文信息就可以讀懂題干。但是選項信息區別性不是太大，命題人從主觀角度給出D為標准答案。比較起來，D為最佳。AC並沒有原則上的非正確性的信息支持。
考試文本第三段：Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重視) on emotion by employers, ecators and others interested in promoting social well-being.
原文對照：Although popular claims regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis on emotion by employers, ecators and others interested in promoting social welfare.
1. Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful.
雖然關於情商的流行（大眾化）觀點遠遠超出了研究所能提供的合理支持（論證），但宣傳的總體效果是利大於弊。
a.run far ahead of :遠遠跑在前面。此處語境指「遠遠超過」。
b.publicity n.(媒體的)關注，宣傳，報道;宣傳業;廣告宣傳工作;傳播工作
2. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis on emotion by employers, ecators and others interested in promoting social welfare.
這種普及(媒體宣傳形成的人們的普遍認知）最積極的方面是僱主、教育工作者和其他關心促進社會福利的人對情感的一種新的和急需的強化。
試題文本第四段：
The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
原文對照：The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and research psychology reevaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve humans adaptively in everyday life.
此處research psychology/researchers,humans/people的替換意義不是很大，原文詞彙更加貼切達意。
1.The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped boththe public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.情商的普及幫助公眾和研究者重新評估情感的功能以及它們如何在日常生活中適應性地為人們服務。
34. What is the author』s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?
A. Favorable. B. Intolerant. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
詢問作者情感態度的試題一般可以通過文章信息獲得答案。文本3.4段表明作者的態度是肯定的。
試題文本第五段：
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives ( 視角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
1. Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion.
雖然情緒智力的持續流行的吸引力是可取的，我們希望這種關注將激發對情緒的科學和學術研究的更大興趣。
2. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives ( 視角) from which to study how people manage their lives.
我們希望在未來的幾十年裡，科學的進步將提供新的視角以此來研究人們如何管理（引領）自己的生活。此處，原文當中的navigate要比修改後的manage更能表達意義。
3.Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
情商，以其對頭腦和心靈的關注，可能會為我們指明正確的方向。
原文對照：
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is both warranted and desirable, we hope that such attention will stimulate a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in cognitive and affective science will offer intertwining perspectives from which to study how people navigate their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may adequately serve to point us in the right direction.
35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence?
A. Its appeal to the public. B. Expectations for future studies.
C. Its practical application. D. Scientists with new perspectives.
此題的命題點屬於對段落大意進行概括，關聯關鍵詞「hope,will，may」, 鏈接答案中的expectations。D項的語言表述是有問題的。B項可以改為：Expectations for future studies on it. C項可以改為：The practical application on it.
總結：本文是節選。文章基本表意完整。選取這一部分視角和普通關於情商的認知有一定的差異性。也正是這種認知差異性使得本文通過英語傳達的思想略有難度。文本有一些復雜句，但整體句式整齊，沒有偏怪句式，不會產生明顯的句式語言障礙。當然，也會對學生的基本語法習得情況有一定的區分度。試題命制中規中矩。試題文本被命題人劃分為5段，從文法角度是否嚴謹科學有待考證。建議語篇分析此文時酌情科學進行。
試卷試題：
We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重視) on emotion by employers, ecators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives ( 視角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
32.What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence?
A. It can be measured by an IQ test.
B. It helps to exercise a person』s mind.
C. It includes a set of emotional skills.
D. It refers to a person』s positive qualities.
33. Why does the author mention 「doctor」 and 「cheater」 in paragraph 2?
A. To explain a rule. B. To clarify a concept.
C. To present a fact. D. To make a prediction.
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is both warranted and desirable, we hope that such attention will stimulate a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion.
34. What is the author』s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?
A. Favorable.B. Intolerant.C. Doubtful.D. Unclear.
35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence?
A. Its appeal to the public. B. Expectations for future studies.
C. Its practical application. D. Scientists with new perspectives.
原文鏈接：http://eqi.org/salov2.htm Wechat Official Account: FreedomWriter
節選原文：Popularization has in some cases distorted the original scientific definition of emotional intelligence. Many people now equate emotional intelligence with almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and "people skills." Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence. We prefer to define emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either prosocial or antisocial purposes. The ability to accurately perceive how others are feeling may be used by a therapist to gauge how best to help her clients, whereas a con artist might use it to manipulate potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one an ethical person.
Although popular claims regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis on emotion by employers, ecators and others interested in promoting social welfare. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and research psychology reevaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve humans adaptively in everyday life. Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is both warranted and desirable, we hope that such attention will stimulate a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in cognitive and affective science will offer intertwining perspectives from which to study how people navigate their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may adequately serve to point us in the right direction
『肆』 江蘇高考英語閱讀理解的解題技巧
2017江蘇高考英語閱讀理解的解題技巧
江蘇省高考英語試卷總分120分，閱讀題(泛指完形、任務型等)占據60分，其中閱讀理解占據一半。因此，提高閱讀理解能力成了學生考得好成績的關鍵。同時，其命題特徵以及解題技巧也成為高中師生的重點研究對象之一。下面是我為大家帶來的高考英語閱讀理解的解題技巧，歡迎閱讀。
一、解讀課程標准，回顧五年高考
普通高中英語課程標准指出，基礎教育階段英語課程的總體目標是培養學生的綜合語言運用能力。本著著重培養高中生在人際交往中得體運用英語，提高學生用英語處理信息、分析、解決問題的能力及批判思維能力， 2011年到2015年江蘇高考英語閱讀理解選材呈現體裁多樣，話題廣泛，語言地道、內容新穎且貼近生活、時代感強的特點。
1. 從體裁、題材與題型方面解讀
如下圖，江蘇近五年高考閱讀理解還具以下特徵：應用文、議論文、說明文居多，記敘文向夾敘夾議過渡並逐漸被取締;常考題型有細節理解題;推理判斷題;主旨/段落大意題;詞義/句意猜測題。細節理解題及推斷題比例較大;對文化背景知識的考查已成為閱讀D篇的首選。
2. 從篇幅、字數及閱讀速度方面解讀
如下圖，近五年閱讀理解命題穩中求新。近三年閱讀理解題目設計風格相似，設置題數均為A篇2題，B篇3題，C篇4題，D篇6題，而且D篇文章篇幅均比2011年、2012年長。此外，語篇字數逐步增加，閱讀量漸大，近五年閱讀速度達每分鍾73詞～79詞，平均每篇文章要在6分鍾～8分鍾內完成。這就需要學生有較強的基本功，才能做到既有速度又有準度。由此可見，提高閱讀理解時效性是取得高分的突破口。
二、把握特點，克服障礙，探究技巧
1. 准確定位，推敲細節
細節理解題需要學生對文章中的特定細節進行辨認和判斷，多為直接性提問，難度相對較小，得分率較高，在近五年高考閱讀理解題中所佔比重較大，因此是學生奪取高分的基礎。題干中常見考查信息有六點：時間、地點、人物、原因、事件和方式，簡稱為“5W1H”。5個W代表 when，where，who，what，why;1個H即how。常見提問方式有：According to the passage，5W or 1H(when， where， who， what， why， how)________?Which of the following is typical of…?What is unique of…?例如：What are you encouraged to do when travelling in New Zealand?(2015江蘇高考57題)Which of the following is typical of offensive anger?(2014江蘇高考63題)題干中常出現一些表示人名、地名的專有名詞;表示年份、數字、百分數等數詞;大寫的名詞等定位詞。例如：Why is June 6，1990 a special day for Mommy?(2014江蘇高考65題)What can we learn from the Florida study?(2015江蘇高考62題)解題時，學生可採用讀題干、選項→讀文章→做題目的方式，通過題干定位詞，找出原文中與正確選項匹配的同義表述，確定正確選項。
2. 忠實原文，理性推理
推理判斷題常要求學生推斷文章隱含意思、作者寫作意圖、觀點態度、目標讀者、文章出處等，其中推斷文章隱含意思題較多。推斷隱含意思的題干中常用到infer，imply，suggest，conclude，indicate，learn，intend，mean，describe，purpose等詞。例如：By mentioning the Swiss study， the author intends to tell us that ________.(2015江蘇高考58題)What can be inferred from Mommy's Anglo family life?(2014江蘇高考68題)解題原則為立足原文推論，忌摻雜主觀臆斷。注意四個不選：對閱讀材料簡單重復而非推理的選項不選;文中沒有談及卻又符合常識的選項不選;對文中提及的內容故意增減的選項不選。屬於原文信息但並非題干要求內容的選項不選。對於其他考題，學生可根據文體特徵，結合主旨推知文章出處、作者寫作意圖;結合內容判斷作者觀點;根據措辭口吻判斷目標讀者及作者態度(主觀、客觀、肯定、否定、中立)。
3. 理清篇章結構，歸納主旨/ 段落大意
理清文章結構，不僅有助於學生把握文章脈絡結構，理解作者的觀點在文中提出、展開的途徑，還可幫助學生理解記憶文章的主要信息，學會有選擇地閱讀文章，從而提高閱讀理解速度和准確度。文章的主旨大意常可以通過文章的常見寫作方法體現出來。學生閱讀文章時，可邊分析寫作方法，邊尋找主題詞或主題句，而後總結文章主旨。“三維設計高考總復習”把文章的寫作方法分為以下幾種：倒三角形寫作法(▽)，即“總-分”結構。開門見山提出主題，用細節支撐和發展主題句;正三角形寫作法(△) ，即“分-總”結構。先表述細節，再歸納要點、結論、建議等，以概括主題思想;圓形寫作法(○)，常稱為“總-分-總”結構。作者先提出主題，結尾時再次點出主題，對文首主題進一步引申;菱形寫作法(?)開頭先呈現一種社會現象或事例，然後引申出文章的中心或主題，而後對其作進一步的解釋或發展。主題句常在文章中間出現;正方形寫作法(□)的主題隱含在全文之中，沒有明確的'主題句。建議無論主旨大意題在什麼位置出現，把主旨大意題放在最後做，因為對另外幾題的解題過程會幫助學生加深對文章的理解。
4. 突破生僻詞彙，剖析長句難句，猜測詞義/句意
高考對詞彙句意的考查並非簡單考查學生的詞彙量，而是要求學生根據上下文進行合理推測。可以常識採取以下方法：
(1)“跳過去”“猜出來”。文中出現的生僻詞，不影響理解的，學生大膽選擇“跳過去”;需要准確理解含義的，則藉助情景和上下文“猜出來”。例如：Consider that most famous economic rule of all：There's no such thing as a free lunch. Even if someone offers to take you out to lunch for free，the time you will spend in the restaurant still costs you something in terms of forgone opportunities. (2014江蘇高考閱讀B節選)分析：圍繞“天下無免費的午餐”這一原則，文中舉例說即使有人請你吃免費餐，你花時間吃免費餐也是有某些代價的。同時，結合全文核心詞“機會成本”的含義推測，forgone opportunities指的是為某一機會而放棄的另一個機會。
(2)提取主幹。閱讀理解中出現的長句難句常帶有較多修飾成分，即帶有定語從句、狀語從句、名詞性從句等。理解長句難句的核心思想就是“提取主幹”。抓住主幹，理清成分有助於對句子的理解。例如：A Swiss study reported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total waste， the concentration(含量) of gold and other precious metals was higher in so-called e-waste than in naturally occurring minerals.(2015江蘇高考閱讀B節選)分析：整句主幹：“A Swiss study reported that…”(剩餘部分為that引導賓語從句)賓語從句中主幹：“the concentration of gold…occurring minerals.”“while the weight…to total waste”為賓語從句中的讓步狀語從句。其中“represented by precious metals”為定語修飾“the weight of electronic goods”“in comparison to total waste”為比較狀語。
此外，做閱讀理解題時，考生要牢記“順序原則”。高考閱讀理解題目通常是嚴格按照文章的先後順序，如果考試時發現某道題在原文定位不準，可先定位下一道題的原文出處，再按照順序原則倒推本題出處。
三、結束語
普通高中英語課程標准指出：文化意識是得體運用語言的保證。學生要完勝高考閱讀理解，就需要在平時就注重對詞彙和語法知識的積累並強化多元文化背景材料的閱讀，多讀國外著名人物演講稿、科普讀物、簡裝版英文小說、各種適合高三學生的英語閱讀刊物，提高對中外文化異同的敏感性和鑒別力，確保解題游刃有餘。
;『伍』 怎樣做好高考英語閱讀理解的主旨大意題
主旨大意題是高考閱讀理解的主要題型之一， 旨在考查考生對鍛煉大意或者文章中心思想的把握和歸納能力。
解題前先要了解主旨大意題的分類。
大部分情況下，主旨大意題可分為兩種，①篇章主旨：針對全文的主題進行提問。主題句出現在首段的居多，其次是末段。②段落主旨：針對某一段或幾段的主題提問。主題句可能是段落的首句、末句，也可能需要從上下文中尋找或總結。
所以對於說明文和論述文這2中問題，如果問篇章主旨的話，解題重點在於看首段；段落主旨重點在於看該段首句。
而如果是記敘文，就需要通讀全文，看懂全文在講什麼？然後進行回答。
最後必須了解關注主旨大意題干擾項的特點。我們了解干擾項的特點,有助於迅速、果斷地排除這些干擾項,從而確定正確的答案.通常情況下,干擾項具有如下五個特點：
1.主題變大.干擾項所歸納、概括的范圍變大,超過文章實際所提及的內容.
2.斷章取義.干擾項常以文章中的個別信息或個別字眼作為選項的設計內容,或者以次要的事實或細節充當全文的主要觀點.
3.以偏概全.干擾項只表述了文章的部分內容,也就是文章的局部信息.
4.無中生有,似是而非.有的干擾項中的關鍵詞語好似在文章中談到了,但認真分析之後會發現這類干擾項的內容與文章的內容毫無聯系.
5.張冠李戴.命題者有意地把屬於A的特徵放在B的身上,構成一個干擾項.我們不注意的情況下,會造成錯選答案.
『陸』 高考英語閱讀:主旨大意題的解題技巧
高考英語閱讀:主旨大意題的解題技巧
馬上就要高考了，我整理了一些比較有針對性的高考英語復習技巧資料給大家參考，希望可以幫助同學們提高自身綜合英語能力，戰勝高考。
一、主旨大意題的命題形式
主旨大意題旨在考查考生把握全文主題和理解中心思想的能力，亦即考查考生的歸納概括能力。這類試題包括要求考生選出短文的標題(title, headline)、短文或段落的主題(subject)、中心思想(main idea)、作者的寫作目的(purpose或為傳遞信息、或為愉悅讀者、或為闡述某一道理)等。這類題的設問方式主要有：
(1)The subject of the passage/paragraph is ______.
(2)The main idea of the passage/paragraph is______.
(3)The text is mainly about ______.
(4)The passage mainly centers on ______.
(5)The passage mainly tells about ______.
(6)What is the subject discussed in the text?
(7)What is the main idea of this passage?
(8)What is the passage mainly about?
(9)What does the second paragraph mainly discuss?
(10)What is the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph?
(11)Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
(12)Which title best gives the idea of the passage?
(13)What would be the best title for the text?
(14)What might be the most suitable title for the passage?
(15)The best headlines for this newspaper article would be______
(16)The main purpose of announcing the above events is to give information about ______.
(17)The writer's purpose in writing this story is ______.
(18)What is the author's main purpose?
(19)What does the writer really want to tell us in this passage?
(20)The writer wrote the story in order to______.
(21)What is the advice given in the text / passage / article?
二、尋找主題句的方法
正確的解答這類題目的關鍵是准確地找出文章的主題句。一般來說，一篇文章常常會圍繞著一個中心思想或一個主要話題展開，而這個話題又常常通過一個能比較全面地覆蓋或概括文章意思的句子，即所謂的“主題句”來體現。那麼，主題句通常在哪裡呢?(1)主題句在文首;(2)主題句在文中;(3)主題句在文末;(4)主題句以首尾呼應的形式出現在文首和文末。
1. 主題句在文首
這類文章寫法上的特點是：文章的第一句起著點題的作用，概括了文章的主要內容或信息，下文接著對主題句所涉及的話題進行具體的`闡述。如：(全國高考題)
A JINTAN, JIANGSU: The 20 students — 18 boys and 2 girls —had a thousand reasons to beproud of themselves. They had just climbed their way to the top rung(階梯)out of 4 millionstudents taking part in the Fifth National Hua Luogeng Gold Cup Mathematics Contest (競賽)onTuesday evening.
The 20 gold medal winners are all primary and middle school students under the age of 14.
"Many of the problems are of college level and these pupils can figure them out. It is justunbelievable!" said a teacher from Guangdong province.
Named after China's most famous mathematician, Hua Luogeng, the contest started in 1986,one year after his death. In less than 10 years, it has been recognized by the State EcationCommission(國家教委) as the country's biggest and best contest of its kind.
This news story is mainly about ______.
A. when the contest started
B. how the contest got its name
C. the 20 pupils who have won gold medals in the contest
D. the 5th National Hua Luogeng Gold Cup Mathematics Contest
【分析】這是一篇報道，文章的第一段只有兩句話：“20個學生(2女18男)有充分的理由為自己感到自豪，因為他們奪得了第五屆華羅庚杯數學競賽的金獎，是4百萬參賽學生中的佼佼者”，下文接著對競賽的有關情況進行報道，因此，第一段實際上就是這篇報道的主題句。A、B、C分別只包含了報道的部分信息，顯然不合題意;D選項與主題句的意思完全一致，因此是正確答案。
2. 主題句在文中
這類文章寫法上的特點是：開始部分是引題，接著是點題，最後是對主題進行敘述，主題句常常起著承上啟下的作用。如：(全國高考題)
Fat on human beings is distributed in different ways.Some fat people have a large stomach and nowaistline—which makes them look round, rather likeapples. Others are fatter below the waist, whichmakes them appear pear-shaped.
There are two types of fat: external fat (fat underthe skin) and internal fat (fat inside the body wall). Doctors, who have been examining therelationship between health and fatness, have found that the 'pears' have less internal fat, butthe 'apples' have more internal fat than external fat. This seems to be what causes the healthproblems.
The best treatment for fatness is to rece the internal fat. But unfortunately it seems thatdieting (節食) simply makes an apple-shaped person into a smaller apple and a pear-shapedperson into a smaller pear. At the moment there is no known way of recing the internalrather than external fat.
『柒』 高考英語閱讀技巧
導語：高考英語試題中，閱讀理解占的分值最高，同時在四篇甚至五篇的英語文章中，也是最有可能出現較多的生詞的，因此很多同學對於閱讀理解都是覺得頭疼，其中英語基礎薄弱的同學更是苦不堪言，想盡辦法也未能找到好的方法，據此我認為，首要的是要繼續加緊時間記憶單詞，其次提高閱讀技巧。英語單詞的記憶基本上沒有捷徑可走，只有繼續花時間花精力背誦，但閱讀技巧值得一閱。
2017高考英語閱讀技巧
一. 理解主題，找出大意
(一) 捕捉主題句
主題句是指能表達或概括文章段落主題或主要內容的句子。在記敘文和議論文中，作者在每一自然段中往往只論述或議論一個觀點和問題，而這個將要論述或討論的觀點或問題往往用一個句子將它點明。因此，要在短時間內了解段落內容，必須首先找出主題句置。主題句的位置一般比較多變，有時候出現在文章的段落的第一個句子，有時候段落中間，有時候則在句末。如果主題句在段首，那麼作者緊接著對主題展開論述，引證，形成演繹式段落。但有時候作者先論述，然後在第二句甚至第三句中才點明段落大意，即先論述，然後做初步歸納，提出主題，再進一步論述。主題句也會出現在句末，這時就構成歸納式段落，即先論述，引證，然後綜合，得出結論形成主題句。
(二) 捕捉關鍵詞
關鍵詞是對理解和捕捉句子，段落及文章大意起決定性的詞和片語。讀者再抓住主題後，通過捕捉關鍵詞可以迅速地理解歸納段落或文章的大意，准確領會作者的意圖，進一步認識文章的深層涵義，從而快捷無誤地理解文章。那麼如何去捕捉關鍵詞呢?主要是通過：快速瀏覽標題;略讀段落，以意群為單位，按主語部分，謂語部分，修飾詞部分觀察捕捉影響文章意義的詞彙;然後加以比較;最後進行篩選;進而達到准確，快速，高效的閱讀與理解原文的目的。
(三) 捕捉標題
標題位於文章之首，用來高度概括文章內容，點明文章主題。標題可以幫助讀者迅速推測出整篇文章的主要內容，抓住文章討論的中心，把握作者的觀點和意圖，識別文章的文體。簡言之，標題起著統領全文的重要作用。那麼，如何准確地給一篇文章選擇合適的標題?首先，在讀原文的基礎上，仔細考慮這句話或短語與文章主題是否有密切關系;其次，看文章的概括性或覆蓋面如何;然後還要注意題目是否過大或過小。如果對這三點考慮不周，就會出現題目與文章不符，文章重點不突出。
(四) 捕捉段落大意
段落大意是段落的中心思想。它體現了作者對該段落的寫作意圖，是該段落所有句意的集中體現。段落大意即可以幫助讀者了解全篇文章的中心思想，又可以幫助讀者確切理解該段落中的字，詞，句。略讀段落，掌握大意的方法有三：其一，尋找主題句，有些段落段落的主題句在段首，有的在段中或在段末。其二，尋找關鍵詞，其三，讀者用自己的語言概括大意，所用語言要精確，覆蓋面大。
二. 回顧事實，辨認細節
任何一篇文章都是圍繞某一中心或某一話題張開，必須通過各種手段來說明它，反應它。絕大部分篇幅都屬於這類圍繞主題展開的細節。細節題往往直接問到文章的某一具體段落，句子，甚至單詞和短語，但多數的細節題不採用文章的原話，通過釋義或重述的形式設計題。常見的形式有：1)According to the passage， who/when/where/what/why/how/how many/how much......? 2)According to the passage，，which of the following is mentioned?3)In the passage the writer states that...? 4) which is the right order of event?
解答細節題時，必須首先看懂題目，然後用查讀法快速掃描文章，查找與設問內容相關的詞語或句子，藉助於同義詞和同意結構;當題目涉及到時間，距離及其他數字表示細節時，一般需進行計算才能得出答案。
三. 邏輯推理，做出判斷
推理就是根據已知的`信息，通過分析，推理等邏輯手段來獲取未知的信息。通過收集並分析文章本身包含的文字信息，上下文的邏輯發展等已有材料，從而獲取作者在文章中沒有明白無誤地表達出來的內容，態度，觀點，立場等。那麼，如何進行推理呢?我們有這樣一條推斷的軌跡：信心的閱讀--收集信息--分析信息--做出推斷。
四. 研讀寓意，理解內涵
寓意即文章隱含的意思，是作者沒有直接表達但最具表現力的關鍵之所在。只有深入領會文章的寓意，才能正確把握文章的內容和作者的意圖。錯誤的領會文章的寓意，就無法把握文章的內涵，甚至會扭曲文章要傳達的信息和作者的寫作意圖。文章的寓意需要認真閱讀和細致耐心琢磨。把握文章的行文特點，作者的語氣，用詞及字里行間流露出的情緒和態度。同時還要對文章從細節到整體，從整體到細節有個整體的把握。甚至還要跳出文章之外，從文化，習俗或區域的差別與修辭等方面去領會文章的言外之意。此類題的提問方式一般有：
1) The author's view is ______?2)The author thinks that______?3)The author suggests that_________? 4) The author gives the impression that________.5)Which of the following can best describe the attitude of the author towards......6) What is the tone of the passage?
解答這類題時，主要是判斷作者本人的態度和觀點，一定要與文章所論述或敘述的內容區別開來、因為同樣的內容和事實，不同的作者會有不同的觀點和看法。讀者切忌用自己的觀點來解釋。
五. 捕捉信息，猜測詞義
閱讀時常常會遇到一些未見過的生詞，但這些生詞的詞義可以通過上下推斷出來，這種不使用詞典去認識生詞的能力讀者必須具備。閱讀理解中猜測詞義的考查內容既可以是文中的生詞，也可以是熟詞新意，短語或句子。但要求考生根據上下文線索，具體語境做出推斷。能幫助讀者猜測詞義的上下文線索通常有定義或解釋，同義詞或近義詞，反義詞，舉例，因果關系，同為關系或標點符號等等，如：
(1) 根據定義或解釋猜測詞義
A biography is the story of a persons' life written by someone else.
根據定義，biography 的意思是有別人寫的生平叫傳記。
(2) 根據同義詞或同義關系，反義詞或反義關系
---I think we are being watched. ---Really? What makes you think we are under surveillance?
根據語境，可判斷being watched 和 under surveillance 是同義關系。
During the concert，the children were quiet，but afterwards，they became boisterous. but 表示轉折關系，因此boisterous 是quiet 的反義詞，意思為吵吵嚷嚷的。
(3) 根據舉例
Several other gases，such as argon， comprise the remaining one percent of the volume of dry air.
Such as 提示argon 為某種氣體。
(4) 根據因果關系
She did not hear what you said because she was completely engrossed in her reading. because 之前的分句表示結果，之後的分句表示原因，可推理她沒聽到的原因是她完全被閱讀吸引住了或她正全神貫注的看書。因此，engrossed 的意思是被吸引的，全神貫注的。
(5) 根據句意或上下文語境
If he thinks he can invite me out ， he is all wet. I don't like to be with him.
A. drunk B.sweating C.happy D.mistaken
解析 根據第二句我不喜歡和他在一起，可推斷出，如果他認為他能約我出去，那他可就錯了。這兩句話實際上暗含因果關系。所以答案應該是D.
『捌』 高考英語閱讀理解主旨大意題解題技巧
高考英語閱讀理解主旨大意題解題技巧
導語：高考復習的重點一是要掌握所有的知識點，二就是要大量的做題，以下是我為大家精心整理的高考英語閱讀理解主旨大意題解題技巧，歡迎大家參考！
閱讀理解之主旨大意題
我們閱讀一篇文章， 首先是要了解其大意， 明確其主旨。因此， 主旨大意題是常考題。主旨大意題包括：主要內容(main idea, mainly about)型、文章標題(title)型、寫作目的(purpose)型。廣東高考近幾年來考查過的題目中mainly about只考過4題，title題考了5題， purpose題考了5題。
解題技巧
1.弄清文章的大意， 關鍵是找到主題句。
主題句的位置：主題句通常在文首、文末或首尾呼應， 有時也在文中，或沒有主題句，需根據文章所述內容進行歸納。各段的主題句也常在該段的首句或尾句。議論文和說明文一般有主題句，但記敘文通常沒有主題句，需要歸納。
2.找主題句的方法：用瀏覽法(skimming)，即
快速閱讀文首、文尾，或每段的首句和尾句等，搜索主題線索和主題信息。找主題句的四個小竅門：
(1)段落中出現表轉折的詞語(如however, but, in fact, actually等)時， 該句很可能是主題句。
(2)首段出現疑問句時， 對該問題的回答很可能就是文章主旨。
(3)作者有意識地反復重復的觀點，通常是主旨;反復出現的詞語，一般為體現文章主旨的關鍵詞。
(4)表示總結或結論的話常有therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion等。
3.關於干擾項和正確答案。
(1)干擾項可能屬文中某個具體事實或細節;可能屬文中某些 (不完全的)事實或細節片面推出的錯誤結論;可能屬非文章事實的主觀臆斷。
(2)正確答案：是根據文章意思全面理解而歸納概括出來的;但不能太籠統、言過其實或以偏概全。
4.在閱讀理解中，主旨大意題常有以下幾種命題方式： (1)Main idea型：選擇項多為陳述句，要求考生選擇表達作者思想或觀點的.句子。題干多為如下形式：
①What's the main idea/point of the passage?
②The passage is mainly about________.
③The passage is mainly concerned about________.
④Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?
⑤Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea/theme of the passage?
⑥In this passage the author discusses primarily______.
⑦The subject discussed in this text is________.
⑧The general/main idea of the passage is about________.
(2)Main purpose型：選擇項多為動賓結構，要求考生找到主要的寫作目的，常見以下幾種題干形式：
①What's the purpose of the passage?
②The passage is meant to________.
③The purpose of the article is to________.
④In this passage the writer tries to tell us that________.
⑤The passage tells us that________.
⑥The author's main purpose in writing the passage is to ...
(3)標題型：選擇文章標題是另一類對主旨大意題考查的形式，命題形式：
①The best title of the passage is________.
②Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
③The best title for the passage is________.
④The most appropriate title of the passage is________.
In the animal kingdom, weakness can bring about aggression in other animal. This sometimes happens with humans also. But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people. I see it every day when people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat. And I have discovered that it makes them happy.
典型例析
From my wheelchair experience, I see the best in people...Often, we try every way possible to avoid showing our weakness...But only when we stop
pretending we're brave or strong do we allow people to show the kindness that's in them.
30.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A.A Wheelchair Experience.
B.Weakness and Kindness.
C.Weakness and Strength.
D.A Driving Experience
解析：主旨大意題。在第一段中，出現了表轉折的But...可知，「But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people」便是主題句，再根據第二段最後一句可以確定，這句的確是主題句。又因標題要簡明、醒目，故選B。
答案：B
In a world with limited land, water and other natural resources (資源), the harm from the traditional business model is on the rise. Actually, the past decade has seen more and more forests disappearing and globe becoming increasingly warm. People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable (可持續的)ways. That means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable
procts.In other words, we should keep the earth healthy while using its supply of natural resources.
Today, sustainable development is a proper trend in many countries....In recent years the markets for sustainable procts have grown by more than 50%.
45.What is the main purpose of the passage?
A.To introce a new business model.
B.To compare two business models.
C.To predict a change of the global market.
D.To advocate sustainable development.
解析：主旨大意題。在第一段中，出現了轉折的Actually，其後的「People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed，and that we must be able to develop in sustainable(可持續的)ways」是主題句，隨後的兩句話都是對這一句進
行解釋;句中兩個must清楚表明了作者「提倡可持續發展」，第二段首句「Today，sustainable development is a proper trend in many countries」進一步說明，作者寫這篇文章的主要目的是「提倡可持續發展」。故選D。
答案：D
Although the use of the expression is an insincere, meaningless social custom at times, there is nothing wrong with the sentence except that it is little uninteresting. The salesgirl, the waitress, the teacher, and all the countless others who speak it without thinking may not really care about my day. But in a strange and comfortable way, it's nice to know they care enough to pretend they care when they really don't care all that much. While the expression may not often
be sincere, it is always spoken. The point is that people say it all the time when they like.
30.What is the best title of the passage?
A.Have a Nice Day — a Social Custom
B.Have a Nice Day — a Pleasant Gesture
C.Have a Nice Day — a Heartwarming Greeting
D.Have a Nice Day — a Polite Ending of a Conversation
解析：主旨大意題。由該段的第一句(特別是custom一詞)可知。
答案：A
(2013年高考)Imagination and fantasy can play an important role in achieving the things we fear.Children know this very well. Fred Epstein，in his book If I Make It to Five，tells a story he heard from one of friends about Tom，a fouryearold boy with a cancer in his back bone.He came through several operations and a lot of pain by mastering his imagination
…
It doesn't mean that you should dress as a superhero for you next job interview. But，next time you are tested in a way that seems impossible, imagine what it would take to overcome it. Become the person you need to become to win over your challenge and do it in your mind first. So，let your imagination run wild，and dare to dream.
30.What is the purpose of the passage?
A.To tell us an interesting story.
B.To help us make right decisions.
C.To advise us to care about children.
D.To encourage us to use our imagination.
解析：主旨大意題。由文章首句Imagination and fantasy can play an important role in achieving the things we fear和全文末句So, let your imagination run wild, and dare to dream可知，作者寫這篇文章的目的是鼓勵我們運用我們的想像力。
答案：D
;『玖』 高考英語閱讀理解答題技巧
導語：2017年高考的日子馬上就要到了，我希望大家明白的是，無論最終的結果如何，我們都不應該放棄任何一天可以用來學習的時間，其次，要在短暫的時間裡面，有意識地提高自己的學習效率，在節奏上必須加快了，同時在心理上也要適度的緊張起來，但不是要求大家每天都是神經緊綳的狀態，畢竟距離高考還有一個月的時間，我們還是要慢慢調整狀態，爭取在高考的兩天充分釋放自己的活力。英語閱讀理解是個老大難問題，應該怎麼答題呢?
2017高考英語閱讀理解答題技巧
一、命題原則
1.閱讀總量不少於2000個單詞，篇數為4—5篇，設題20道，要求在40分鍾左右完成。完全符合《考試大綱》和新課程標准對高三學生閱讀速度的要求。
2.題材廣泛，包括日常生活、傳記、人物、社會與文化、史地、科技、政治、經濟等內容。體裁多樣，包括記敘文、說明文、議論文、應用文等。
3.語篇及所涉及問題難易適中。詞彙絕大部分源自《考試大綱》規定的范圍內，生詞的出現率一般為3%左右，通常不用過長的句式、生僻的語法或過於隱晦的表達。
二、測試要求
1.掌握所讀材料的主旨大意，以及說明材料主旨大意的事實和細節。
2.既能理解具體的事實，也能理解抽象的概念。
3.既能理解字面的意思，也能理解深層次的含義，包括對該話題的態度、寫作意圖、寫作特點等。
4.既能理解某段、某句的含義，也能理解全篇的邏輯關系，並能據此進行符合邏輯的推理判斷。
5.既能根據所提供的信息去理解，也能結合中學生應有的常識、如地理、歷史、文化知識去理解。
三、考查形式
1.理解文中具體信息的能力。此類試題主要考查學生捕捉和再現文章中所提供的信息的能力，分直接事實題和間接事實題。
2.做出簡單判斷和推理的能力。文章中作者有時並未把意圖說出來，要求學生根據字面的意思，通過語篇的邏輯關系，研究細節的暗示、推敲作者的態度、理解文章的深層含義。
3.根據上下文推測生詞詞義的能力。此類題型通過同義轉換考查學生對短文中一些關鍵詞(包括生詞和替代詞)、短語或句子的理解。
4.理解主旨要義的能力。主要考查學生把握全文主題和理解中心思想的能力，也包括分析歸納文章的段落大意、重要情節的能力。
5.理解文章的基本結構的能力。有些文章沒有明確說明，但要求學生根據語篇，對事件可能出現的結局或下文可能涉及的內容進行推理或預測。
四、解題技巧
根據以上對高考英語閱讀理解的測試要求、考查形式的分析，使考生明確了任務，那麼接下來就是如何有效完成的問題，這需要考生掌握一定的解題技巧。一般來說，多閱讀是關鍵。如果考生平時練就了較好的閱讀能力，知識面比較廣泛，那麼，在考生做題時就會得心應手。同時，掌握正確的解題技巧，更是事倍功半。下面就具體談談英語高考閱讀理解題的解題技巧。
1.對原文材料迅速瀏覽，掌握全文的主旨大意。
2.細讀題材，各個擊破。掌握全文的大意之後，細細閱讀每篇材料後的問題，弄清每題要求後，帶著問題，再回到原文中去尋找、捕獲有關信息，做到有的放矢。
3.抓住文章的首段與末段及段落的首句和末句。文章的首段與末段、段落的首句和末句，一般表達文章的主題和段落中心思想。因此，首先要搜索目標，找出文章及段落中的主題句。了解了它們的含義，就可以順著所提供的主要線索去捕捉文章的相關信息，從而獲得解決問題的答案。
4.進行合理推斷。對文章有了詳細而全面的理解之後，就要按照文章內容、上下文的邏輯關系，做出推理判斷。閱讀理解涉及詞彙、語法、句型、段落結構、文化背景等各方面知識。答題時，領會句子之間的`邏輯關系，特別是相鄰句子之間的關系，有利於理解全文。
5.猜測推敲生詞。閱讀短文時，常常會遇到一些生詞。這時，考生要沉著冷靜，細心思考。首先要把整段、整篇文章看完。通過對全篇短文的理解，就很有可能猜測出生詞的大意。另外，還可以從含有生詞句子的上下文，以及句子和段落之間的關系來判斷、理解生詞以求獲得其真正含義。猜測生詞的另一種方法是，根據構詞法推測。遇到生詞後，可從構詞法角度分析判斷生詞。
6.學會數據推算。此類試題要求學生就文章提供的數據，以及數據與文中其他信息的關系做簡單的計算和推斷。在做此類題時：(1)要抓住並正確理解與數據有關的信息含義。(2)弄清眾多信息中哪些屬於有用信息，哪些屬於干擾信息。(3)不要孤立看待數字信息，而要抓住一些關鍵用語的意義。
7.利用常識解題。多了解一些常識性知識有利於閱讀理解。如果對文章的相關背景有所了解，讀起文章來一定既省時又省力。因此，在學習過程中，了解各方面的背景知識是十分重要的。
在做閱讀理解題時，一定要仔細看完，看清楚試題要求再作答，特別要注意not，except等詞。有時，要先看題，後閱讀文章，帶著問題去讀短文，可縮短閱讀時間，效果也許會更好。
總之，閱讀理解是高考英語試題中最重要的一項內容，佔有舉足輕重的地位，如果學生按上述方法去解題，再做些適當的練習，一定會在閱讀理解上取得比較理想的成績。
『拾』 高中英語閱讀理解之主旨大意的解題方法
高中英語閱讀理解之主旨大意的解題技巧
典例剖析1.[2015·江蘇高考，C篇]Suppose you become a leader in an organization. It's very likely that you'll want to have volunteers to help with the organization's activities. To do so, it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work.
Let's begin with the question of why people volunteer. Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved. For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences, and to strengthen social relationships. If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate. To select volunteers, you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.
People also volunteer because they are required to do so. To increase levels of community service, some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs. Unfortunately, these programs can shift people's wish of participation from an internal factor (e.g., “I volunteer because it's important to me.”) to an external factor (e.g. ，“I volunteer because I'm required to do so.”). When that happens, people become less likely to volunteer in the future. People must be sensitive to this possibility when they make volunteer activities a must.
Once people begin to volunteer, what leads them to remain in their positions over time? To answer this question, researchers have concted followup studies in which they track volunteers over time. For instance, one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year. One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions. Although this result may not surprise you, it leads to important practical advice. The researchers note that attention should be given to “training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience”.
Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on indivial differences in the degree to which people view “volunteer” as an important social role. It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work. Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such as “Volunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am.” Consistent with the researchers' expectations, they found a positive correlation (正相關) between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer. These results, once again, lead to concrete advice: “Once an indivial begins volunteering, continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity... Items like Tshirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contributions can help strengthen role identity.”
QWhat is the best title of the passage?
A.How to Get People to Volunteer
B.How to Study Volunteer Behaviors
C.How to Keep Volunteers' Interest
D.How to Organize Volunteer Activities
[答案]A主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文主要闡述了人們為什麼要做志願者，和持續進行志願活動與志願者身份認同之間的正比關系，並強調要加強對志願者身份的認同。A項“如何讓人們參與志願者活動”能概括文章中心，適合做標題。故選A。
2.[2015·天津高考，B篇]Whether in the home or the workplace, social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years. Social robots are about to bring technology to the everyday world in a more humanized way, said Cynthia Breazeal, chief scientist at the robot company Jibo.
While household robots today do the normal housework, social robots will be much more like companions than mere tools. For example, these robots will be able to distinguish when someone is happy or sad. This allows them to respond more appropriately to the user.
...
QWhat does the passage mainly present?
A.A new design idea of household robots.
B.Marketing strategies for social robots.
C.Information on household robots.
D.An introction to social robots.
[答案]D主旨大意題。第一段第一句“Whether in the home or the workplace, social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years.”開篇點題並結合對全文的整體理解可推知，本文是一篇說明文，主要對社交機器人進行了簡要的介紹。故選D。
技能演練
CHICAGO (Reuters)Smoking not only can wrinkle (皺紋) the face and turn it yellow—it can do the same to the whole body, researchers reported on Monday.
The study, published in the Archives of Dermatology, shows that smoking affects the skin all over the body—even skin protected from the sun.
...
Smoking can also damage the connective tissue (組織) that supports both die skin and the internal organs.
QThe best title for this passage would be ________.
A.The Danger of Smoking
B.Smoking Causes Skin Aging
C.Quit Smoking for Health
D.A Survey of Smokers
答案：B主旨大意題。本文主要講述了吸煙影響皮膚，使皮膚衰老。所以選B。
2.British pupils taught by Chinese are better than their peers in maths and science, a new study has found.
In a study aimed at comparing the British and the Chinese school systems, pupils taught by Chinese teachers outperformed the rest of their peers in a series of exams set by an independent research body (The Institute of EcationIOE).
In an experiment for BBC Two's “Are Our Kids Tough Enough? Chinese School”， five teachers from China were responsible for the ecation of 50 students for four weeks at Bohunt School in Hampshire. Learning together in one classroom, the students of mixed abilities were taught in a Chinese style ecation system, with 12 hour days and a stricter learning regime (制度).
...
QWhat's the test mainly talk about?
A.The British students guided by the Chinese teachers behave better than their mates in some aspects of schooling.
B.Chinese teachers are better than American teachers in maths and science.
C.The school systems between China and Britain are so different.
D.The Chinese teachers show a stricter learning to the British students.
答案：A主旨大意題。本文主要講述由中國老師指導的英國學生在學校的表現比其他學生要好。所以選A。
3.In an incredible feat (技藝) of memory, college lecturer Li Yan, 51, recited every word of an EnglishChinese dictionary, a total of 220,000 words.
The 51yearold business English lecturer at Xi'an Jiaotong University in Xi'an, started to recite the entire content of an EnglishChinese dictionary on August 6, 2013, and completed the task 19 days later. Since that first recitation, she has performed the task 28 times.
“I tried to remember every word in the dictionary in order to make it easier for me to teach my classes，” Li said.
Her perseverance (堅持) comes from a hard life that taught her to keep going forward no matter how many difficulties she encountered.
...
QWhat could be the best title for the text?
A.A Responsible Mother
B.An Effective Teaching Method
C.An Extraordinary Female
D.A Living Dictionary
答案：D主旨大意題。本文主要講述的是一個大學講師，通過努力把一部英漢詞典全部背過，堪稱一部“活詞典”。
4.[2016·青島聯考]I work in a nursing home and my job is to take care of the elderly.
This year, a very sweet old lady that I cared for, Alice, had gone through a difficult time. She got dementia and so she had been in the hospital twice. In November I was finally able to get her back to her “home”.
Alice had thought her daughter was coming to visit her on Christmas Day and that they were going to have the whole family together like the old days. When she finally realized that that happy moment was not going to happen, she was very sad. Knowing that her daughter was coming after Christmas was not enough to make her feel happy. I hated the idea of her being alone on the holiday!
On Christmas Eve, I gave her a surprise by asking if she would like to go to a candlelight service at church that night.
Instead of taking her to my church, I took her to her old neighborhood church where all her friends were. We got there early and I got her a seat where her friends could see her as they came in. Then soon some of her friends came to the church and they rushed over to greet her and sit with her.
The candlelight service was beautiful and Alice got a lot of love from her old and new friends there.
The truth of the story is that I am the one who got the best gift: the smile on Alice's face.
QWhat is the best title for this passage?
A.A Special Candlelight Christmas Eve
B.The Dream of All Old Lonely Ladies
C.My Special Job
D.The True Love
答案：A主旨大意題。本文講述了作者幫助一位老人過了一個特別的燭光平安夜的故事，故選A項。
高中英語閱讀理解之指代對象題的解題技巧
典例剖析[2015·浙江高考，C篇]If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars, we would go in darkness happily, the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal (夜間活動的) species on this planet. Instead, we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun's light. This is a basic evolutionary fact, even though most of us don't think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet it's the only way to explain what we've done to the night: We've engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.
...
QWhat does “it”(Paragraph 1) most probably refer to?
A.The night. B.The moon.
C.The sky. D.The planet.
[答案]A指代判斷題。根據第一段中的“even though most of us don't think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet it's the only way to explain what we've done to the night: We've engineered it to receive us by filling it with night.”可知，事實上，雖然我們並不承認自己是白晝生物，但很多時候我們總是用光來照亮夜晚，故此處it指代前面的“the night”。故選A項。
2.[2015·湖南高考，A篇]...
Cyclists jump on and off pavements (which are meant for pedestrians), ride at speed along the pavements, and think they have a special right to go through traffic lights when they are on red.
I was almost knocked down recently by a cyclist riding on the pavement when there was a cycle lane right next to him.
Other road users, including horse riders, manage to obey the rules so why not cyclists?
It's about time they had to be registered and insured, so when they do hit a pedestrian or a vehicle, or cause an accident, at least they can be traced and there might be an opportunity to claim.
——JML
Write to Viewpoints of the newspaper.
QThe underlined word “they” in the third letter refers to ________.
A.accidents B.vehicles
C.pedestrians D.cyclists
[答案]D指代判斷題。根據第三封信第一段第一句的主語“Cyclists”可知，該信主要是對騎自行車者的抱怨和建議;結合畫線詞所在句中的“they had to be registered and insured, so when they do hit a pedestrian or a vehicle, or cause an accident”可知，騎自行車者應該注冊登記並購買保險，這樣當他們撞上行人或車輛，引發事故時，可以被查出，承擔責任。由此可推知，“they”指代的是“cyclists”。故D項正確。
3.[2015·福建高考，B篇]...
Papa, as a son of a dirtpoor farmer, left school early and went to work in a factory, for ecation was for the rich then. So, the world became his school. With great interest, he read everything he could lay his hands on, listened to the town elders and learned about the world beyond his tiny hometown. “There's so much to learn，” he'd say. “Though we're born stupid, only the stupid remain that way.” He was determined that none of his children would be denied (拒絕) an ecation.
Thus, Papa insisted that we learn at least one new thing each day. Though, as children, we thought this was crazy, it would never have occurred to us to deny Papa a request. And dinner time seemed perfect for sharing what we had learned. We would talk about the news of the day; no matter how insignificant, it was never taken lightly. Papa would listen carefully and was ready with some comment, always to the point.
QThe underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refers to “________”.
A.one new thing B.a request
C.the news D.some comment
[答案]C指代判斷題。根據畫線詞前面的“We would talk about the news of the day; no matter how insignificant”可知，吃晚飯的時候，作者一家人會談論這一天所發生的新聞，不管這些事是多麼的無關緊要。由此可推知，“it”指代的是這句話中的“the news”。故答案選C。
技能演練Have you heard of the term “tweenager” ? It's a new word being used in the UK to describe children between the ages of about 10 and 12. Why are the media suddenly referring to kids in this way?
Well, more and more companies are beginning to create procts and services for tweenagers. The Disney company sells the Hannah Montana television show, music, films and procts to tweenagers and their parents. You can get everything from branded lunchboxes and cellphones, to fan magazines and clothing. The High School Musical series of films is also intended for a tweenage audience. So, it's all about sales, which tells us tweenagers must have more money, freedom and influence upon their parents than they have ever had before.
...
QThe underlined word “they” in the second paragraph most probably refers to “________”.
A.companies B.sales
C.tweenagers D.their parents
答案：C指代判斷題。現在的孩子比以前的孩子有更多的零花錢、更多的自由，以及對家長的影響更大了。這里是拿現在的孩子跟以前的孩子對比，所以選C。
2....
Like Schmid, the editors of several selfpublished art magazines also champion (捍衛) found photographs. One of them,_called simply Found, was born one snowy night in Chicago, when Davy Rothbard returned to his car to find under his wiper (雨刷) an angry note intended for some else：“Why's your car HERE at HER place?” The note became the starting point for Rothbard's addictive publication, which features found photographs sent in by readers, such a poster discovered in our drawer.
...
QThe underlined word “them” in Paragraph 4 refers to ________.
A.the readers
B.the editors
C.the found photographs
D.the selfpublished magazines
答案：D指代判斷題。根據第四段第一句“Like Schmid, the editors of several selfpublished art magazines also champion (捍衛) found photographs.”以及第二句中畫線後的“called simply Found”可推知，them指代“self-published art magazines”，所以選D。
3.[2016·山西聯考]...
The latest Chinese “god song” (an Internet term to describe pop songs that spread virally through the Internet) is still stirring up fierce debates between those who view it as a milestone for Chinese pop music going global and those who regard it as a bad image of China.
Last week, Little Apple, written and performed by the Chopsticks Brothers, won the AMA International Song Award and the_o performed the song at the 2014 American Music Awards in Los Angeles. Another Chinese pop singer, Zhang Jie, won the International Artist Award.
...
QWhat do the underlined words “the o” refer to?
A.Little Apple.
B.Chopsticks Brothers.
C.Zhang Jie.
D.American singers.
答案：B指代判斷題。根據第二段的第一句“Last week, Little Apple, written and performed by the Chopsticks Brothers, won the AMA International Song Award and the_o performed the song at the 2014 American Music Awards in Los Angeles.”可推知，the o的意思是“一對表演者”，此處代指《小蘋果》的表演者“筷子兄弟”，故選B項。
4.[2016·南昌一模]...
Even if trees cannot walk, they are still on the move.
In parts of the Arctic, entire forests are moving northward. Across the Arctic, temperatures are rising faster than anywhere else in the world. As that happens, the tree line that marks where forests stop and the treeless tundra (凍原) starts has been shifting northward. Trees growing along the tree line must protect themselves from the cold wind. To do this,_plants tend to grow horizontal (水平的) branches low to the ground. The energy it takes for trees to grow this way means they don't have enough energy to make seeds.
QWhat does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A.To proce more seeds.
B.To move northward
C.To respond to the climate change.
D.To protect themselves from the cold wind.