高考英語閱讀理解芬蘭

❶ 【急急急】2010北京高考英語完型以及abcd四篇閱讀的翻譯

第二節完形填空（共20小題；每小題l . 5分，共30分）
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的一、乙、丙、丁四個選項中，選出最佳選項，並在答題卡上將該項塗黑。
我遇見了內德爾在第九年級上stage-design隊演出，她是一位董事。幾乎立即我愛她。她有一種不愉快的聲音和講話直率，36她是鼓舞和激勵。由於某種原因，她留下了深刻印象，我和我的工作。
內德爾太太問我對我的37。她想知道我認為我們應該38點。起初我不知道怎樣回答因為我知道39階段設計！但我慢慢開始回應她的40。它是因果：她認為我有意見，所以我開始41人。她信任我完成的事情，所以我完成他們完美。她喜歡42我，所以我開始出現油漆越來越多。她相信我，所以我開始相信自己。
43年內德爾太太說，「試試。我們可以在這44個！」我開始服用45。我是如此害怕失敗，但突然有沒有失敗——只有46的東西。我蘸到油漆刷和47創建。
害羞，安靜的新生獲得成功的那一年。我是在48程序
「學生藝術助理」，因為時間和精力，我會在。就在那一年我49我想用我的餘生做舞台設計。
在這50stage-design團隊內德爾太太徹底改變了我。我不僅是更強大和更比我以為，但我也有51個強烈的興趣和一個世界我不知道它的存在。她教我不到52的人認為我應該做的：她教我冒險，不是53。內德爾太太是我的安慰當我難過。54我一直激勵著我做的事情，我從來沒有想像過55。
第三部分：閱讀理解（共兩節，40分）
第一節（共15小題；每小題2分，共30分）
戈爾迪的秘密
她出現在門口，我的家在康沃爾。沒有辦法，我可以讓她離開。不，不是我。也許有人把她踢出他們的汽車的前一天晚上。」我們搬家。」；「沒有空間再替她與嬰兒的到來。」「我們永遠不會真的想要她，但我們有什麼可以做？她是一個禮物。」人們尋找各種借口遺棄動物。她是一個最美麗的狗我見過。
我把她叫做金嗓子。如果我知道會發生什麼事，我一定會
她更有創意的名字。她是如此的不安在那幾天。她幾乎沒吃什麼東西，有這樣一個陰郁的氣氛。有什麼我可以讓她開心，這似乎。天堂知道發生了什麼事，她在她以前的所有者的。但最終在第一周結束時她平靜下來。總是在我的身邊，不管我們出去長時間散步或坐在火。
這就是為什麼它是這樣一個沖擊時，她離開我的一天，當我們出去散步。我們離家很遠，當她開始叫起來，變得非常不安。我終於忍不住她，她不再和跑沿著小路朝遠處的一間農舍她盡可能快。
我到了農場，我感到非常疲倦和沮喪與歌。但是當我看到她舔（舔）四隻小狗（幼犬）我開始感到同情他們。」我們不知道她出了什麼事，說：「婦人在門口。」我帶她走了一天，快的小狗出生後，她就消失了。」她一定試圖回到他們迷路了，」男孩從她的背後。」
我必須承認我想念歌，但我有硬塊，她看起來很像她媽媽。我學到了一個教訓：不判斷人。

公開信給編輯
我有一個有趣的談話，記者近日---一個為你工作的人。事實上，他是一個最好的記者。他想離開。
你的記者給了我他的簡歷（簡歷）及復印件六的故事，他為你寫的。標題顯示了他們的驕傲的你。以極大的熱情，他談到了他是怎樣發現問題（問題），他們的做法，而寫的，它告訴我他是最好的。我確信你會恨失去他。令人驚訝的是，你的記者是不開心的。事實上，他告訴我，他很喜歡他的工作。他有一個偉大的任務（分工），並且說你運行一個大文件。這將是你很容易讓他，他說。他知道，值他。他贊賞的責任，你給了他，他的職業的所有權，並享有自己的自由。
那他為什麼要尋找出路？
他對我說，因為他希望他的編輯他提出更高的要求。他想推，挑戰新高度，教練。
記者認為，好的故事源於好問題，但他的編輯通常要多久將故事時，它會在哪裡，它可以發揮，與預算是多少。
他渴望對話編輯器誰將幫助他把他的想法變成偉大的。他希望有人興奮的他在做什麼，以幫助他把他的故事構思顛倒、內外，探索的最佳途徑，報告。他想成為更有價值的紙。這是你想要的他，太，不是嗎？
所以你的記者讓我思考。
我們最好的希望留住我們最好的記者，編輯，攝影師，藝術家——每個人——就是努力確保他們得到他們所需要的幫助，以達到他們的潛力。如果我們做不到，他們會找人。

起搏和暫停
莎拉設法善待她的老朋友史提夫的新妻子，但貝蒂從未似乎有什麼要說的。而莎拉覺得貝蒂不耽誤她最後的談話，貝蒂向史提夫抱怨莎拉從不給她一個說話的機會。這一問題已與期望起搏和暫停。
交談是一輪游戲。當我們的習慣是相似的，是沒有問題的。但如果我們習慣的不同，你可以開始談話之前，我完成了或沒有輪到你當我完成。這就是發生在貝蒂和莎拉。
這可能不是巧合，貝蒂，誰料之間相對較長的停頓的轉動，是英國，莎拉，預期相對較短的停頓，是美國。貝蒂經常感到打斷了莎拉。但貝蒂自己成為一個滅弧室和發現自己做最會說話的，當她遇到了從芬蘭來的客人。莎拉有難的時候，一些發言者來自拉丁語在美國和以色列。
一般現象，然後，是小對話技巧，如起搏和停頓，導致人們得出結論，不是談話風格，但個性和能力。這些習慣的差異往往是依據危險的成見（思維定式）。這些社會現象可以有很大的個人後果。例如，一個女人的美國西南部到居住在東部城市帶的工作人員。在人事部門一起聚會，她一直在尋找合適的時間打破——並沒有發現它。雖然回到家她是外向，自信，她在華盛頓被認為是害羞的退休。當她被評價在今年年底，她被告知要參加一個培訓課程因為她不能說話了。
這就是為什麼略有差異，會話風格——小東西喜歡微秒pause-can有很大影響一個人的生活。結果在這種情況下是一個判斷的心理問題——甚至在介意自己的女人，誰真的不知道是什麼毛病和注冊的自信訓練。

高等教育成本
個人（個人）應支付他們的高等教育。
大學教育是巨大的和直接的個人利益。畢業生賺的比非。同時，社會流動性越來越依賴於有一個學位。然而，只有一些人有它。所以個人，不是納稅人，應為它付出。有迫切要求對資源（資源）的政府。用納稅人的錢幫助少數人賺取高收入在未來不是其中之一。
政府的全額資金（資助）不是很好的大學。亞當·斯密曾在蘇格蘭大學的教師生活學費。他知道，看不起，18世紀的牛津，那裡的學者生活寬裕的收入從政府獲得的。保證工資，斯密認為，被敵人艱苦的工作；而當學者懶惰和無能，學生們同樣懶。
如果學生支付他們的教育，他們不僅工作努力，而且還需要更多的從他們的老師。和他們的老師，要讓他們滿意。如果這意味著教學認真，和更少的時間對他們自己的研究興趣，這當然是值得慶祝的事情。
很多人認為，高等教育應該免費因為它是良好的經濟（經濟）。許多畢業生顯然有助於國家的財富，但這樣做的所有企業，投資（投資）和創造就業機會。如果你認為政府應該支付高等教育畢業生的經濟生產力，你也應該相信政府應該繳納的部分業務費用。任何人都希望創造就業機會應該收到的禮物，資金來自政府投資。因此，它是個人，而不是政府，誰應該支付他們的大學教育。

望採納，。。

❷ 2021年高考英語全國卷1 - 閱讀理解A

Rome can be pricey for travelers, which is why many choose to stay in a hostel. The hostels in Rome offer a bed in a dorm room for around $25 a night, and for that, you』ll often get to stay in a central location with security and comfort.
對於旅行者來說，羅馬很貴，這就是許多人選擇住旅社的原因。羅馬的旅社單人間每晚25美元左右，因此，你通常可以住在安全舒適的市中心。

Yellow Hostel

If I had to make just one recommendation for where to stay in Rome, it would be Yellow Hostel. It』s one of the best-rated hostels in the city, and for good reason. It』s affordable, and it』s got a fun atmosphere without being too noisy. As an added bonus, it』s close to the main train station.
如果一定要讓我就羅馬的住宿做一個推薦的話，那就是Yellow Hostel。這是本市評級最好的旅社之一，這是有充分理由的。價格實惠，氣氛活躍又不太吵鬧。另外還有一好處，離火車總站很近。

Hostel Alessandro Palace

If you love social hostels, this is the best hostel for you in Rome. Hostel Alessandro Palace is fun. Staff members hold plenty of bar events for guests like free shots, bar crawls and karaoke. There』s also an area on the rooftop for hanging out with other travelers ring the summer.
如果你喜歡社交型旅社，這就是羅馬最好的。Hostel Alessandro Palace
很有意思，工作人員為客人舉辦很多酒吧活動，比如免費拍照、泡吧和卡拉OK。屋頂上還有一片區域，夏天可以和其他旅行者一起閑逛。

Youth Station Hostel

If you』re looking for cleanliness and a modern hostel, look no further than Youth Station. It offers beautiful furnishings and beds. There are plenty of other benefits, too; it doesn』t charge city tax; it has both air conditioning and a heater for the rooms; it also has free Wi-Fi in every room.
如果你想找一家干凈而又現代化的旅社，沒有比Youth Station更好的了。它提供漂亮的傢具和床，另外：不收城市稅；房間里有空調和暖氣；每個房間都有免費Wi-Fi。

Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes

Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes is located just a 10-minute walk from the central city station and it』s close to all of the city』s main attractions. The staff is friendly and helpful, providing you with a map of the city when you arrive, and offering advice if you require some. However, you need to pay 2 euros a day for Wi-Fi.
Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes距離市中心車站僅10分鍾的步行路程，距離城市所有主要景點都很近。工作人員友好且樂於助人，在您到達時為您提供城市地圖，並在您需要時提供建議。不過，使用Wi-Fi需要支付2歐元一天。

❸ 2021年高考英語全國卷2 - 閱讀理解D

During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction in his open office, he said, 「That』s why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street —so I can focus. "His comment struck me as strange. After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout. But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.
在為我的一本書接受采訪時，采訪者說了一些我仍然經常想到的話。因為對開放式辦公室分心的程度感到惱火，他說，「這就是為什麼我在街對面的共用空間擁有會員資格——這樣我就能集中精力。」他的說法讓我感到奇怪。畢竟，共用空間通常也使用開放式辦公室布局。不過我最近看到了一項研究，才明白他的方案為什麼有效。

The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking. They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels,70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however,the participants in the 70 decibels group—those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop-significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise.
研究人員在參與者完成創造性思維測試時，檢查了他們身上不同程度的噪音。他們被隨機分為四組，暴露在不同的背景噪音水平下，從完全安靜到50分貝、70分貝和85分貝。大多組之間的差異沒有統計學意義；然而，在70分貝組中，那些暴露在類似於咖啡館背景聊天的噪音水平下的參與者明顯優於其他組。由於影響很小，這可能表明我們的創造性思維對完全安靜和85分貝的背景噪音的反應沒有太大差異。

But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise—not too loud and not total silence—may actually improve one』s creative thinking ability. The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus. This kind of "distracted focus" appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks.
但由於70分貝的結果顯著，這項研究還表明，適當的背景噪音水平——不要太大，也不要完全安靜——實際上可能會提高一個人的創造性思維能力。適當的背景噪音可能會干擾我們正常的思維模式，足以讓我們的想像力四處發散，而不會讓我們無法集中注意力。這種「注意力分散」似乎是從事創造性任務的最佳狀態。

So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we can't stop ourselves from getting drawn into others』 conversations while we』re trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
那麼，為什麼我們中有這么多人討厭開放式辦公室呢？問題可能是，在我們的辦公室里，當我們努力集中注意力時，我們無法阻止自己被其他人的談話所吸引。事實上，研究人員發現，面對面的互動和對話會影響創作過程，而一個共用空間或咖啡館在提供一定程度的噪音的同時，也提供了免受干擾的自由。

❹ 2022年高考英語全國乙卷 - 閱讀理解A

Henry Raeburn（1756-1823）
亨利·雷伯恩（1756-1823）

The Exhibition
展覽

This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland's best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. Selected from collections throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years.
這場展覽將在倫敦舉行，展出蘇格蘭最受歡迎的畫家亨利·雷伯恩爵士的60多幅傑作，以紀念他的一生和作品。展品選自世界各地，是他四十多年來首次舉辦的大型作品展。

Lecture Series
系列講座

Scottish National Portrait Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public. They are held in the Lecture Room. Admission to lectures is free.
蘇格蘭國家肖像畫廊為公眾舉辦了一系列講座。演講廳舉行，免費入場。

An Introction to Raeburn
雷伯恩簡介

Sunday 26 Oct., 15.00
10月26日（周日）15:00

DUNCAN THOMSON
鄧肯·湯姆森

Raeburn's English Contemporaries
雷伯恩的英國同時代人

Thursday 30 Oct., 13.10
10月30日（周四）13:10

JUDY EGERTON
朱迪·埃格頓

Characters and Characterisation in Raeburn's Portraits
雷伯恩肖像畫中的人物與人物塑造

Thursday 6 Nov., 13.10
11月6日（周四）13:10

NICHOLAS PHILLIPSON
尼古拉斯·菲利普森

Raeburn and Artist's Training in the 18th Century
18世紀的雷伯恩與藝術家們的訓練

Thursday 13 Nov., 13.10
11月13日（周四）13:10

MARTIN POSTLE
馬丁·波斯特爾

Exhibition Times
展出時間

Monday - Saturday 10.00 - 17.45 Sunday 12.00- 17.45
周一至周六 10:00-17:45 周日12:00-17:45

Last admission to the exhibition: 17.15. There is no re-admission.
展覽最後入場時間：17:15。不能再次入場。

Closed: 24 - 26 December and 1 January.
關閉日期：12月24日至26日和1月1日。

Admission
門票

£4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an alt are admitted free.
£4。12歲以下兒童在成人陪同下免費入場。

Schools and Colleges
學校和學院

A special low entrance charge of £2 per person is available to all in full-time ecation, up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.
全日制教育的所有學生，包括那些參加有老師組織的第一學位課程的學生，都只需購買每人2英鎊的特惠門票。

❺ 2021年高考英語全國卷 - 閱讀理解C

When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly recing waterfowl habitat.
當探險家們第一次踏上北美洲大陸時，天空和大地上到處都是各種各樣的野生動物，美洲土著人智慧地保護了這些寶貴的自然資源。然而僅僅幾十年，探險家和定居者們就奪走了這些資源中的大部分。數百萬只水鳥在市場獵人和一些野心勃勃的運動員手中被殺。上百萬英畝，用於喂養和容納不斷增加的水禽種群的濕地乾涸，水禽棲息地大大減少。

In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. 「Ding」 Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, Iowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
1934年，隨著《候鳥狩獵郵票法案》的通過，越來越受到關注的國家採取了堅定的行動，制止對候鳥水禽以及對它們的生存至關重要的濕地的破壞。根據該法案，所有16歲及以上的水禽獵手每年都必須購買並攜帶聯邦鴨票。第一張聯邦鴨票是由J.N.「丁」達林設計的，他是愛荷華州得梅因的一位政治漫畫家，當時被富蘭克林·羅斯福總統任命為生物調查局局長。獵人願意購買鴨票，可以確保我們自然資源的生存。

About 98 percent of every ck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
每一張鴨票的98%直接進入候鳥保護基金，用於購買濕地和野生動物棲息地，納入國家野生動物保護區系統——確保這片土地得到保護，提供給子孫後代。自1934年以來，已有超過5億美元的資金投入該基金，用於購買超過500萬英畝的棲息地。難怪聯邦鴨票計劃被稱為有史以來最成功的保護計劃之一。

❻ 2020年高考英語全國卷2 - 閱讀理解C

When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didn』t cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion enthusiast are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria.
當你想給環保人士的假日購物清單增加些什麼時，你可能不會想到皮毛。但是一些生態學家和時尚發燒友們正試圖恢復海狸鼠皮毛的市場。

Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. 「It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur – unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year,」 says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.
新奧爾良和布魯克林的不同尋常時裝秀展示了海狸鼠皮毛製成的不同風格的服裝。「談論沒有罪惡感的皮毛聽起來很瘋狂——除非你知道海狸鼠每年都在破壞大片濕地，」Righteous Fur（正義皮毛）項目總監克里·麥克里說。

Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.
路易斯安那州的科學家非常擔心，他們決定付給獵人每尾5美元。一些皮毛最終出現在時裝秀上，比如上個月布魯克林的時裝秀。

Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. 「The ecosystem down there can』t handle this non-native species. It』s destroying the environment. It』s them or us,」 says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.
海狸鼠是皮毛農場主從阿根廷帶到這里並放生的。「那裡的生態系統無法應對這種非本土物種，它正在破壞環境」，這一領域的專家邁克爾·馬西米說。

The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades, but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s, the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
幾十年來，皮毛貿易一直控制著海狸鼠數量，但是20世紀80年代末海狸鼠市場崩潰後，這些貓一樣大小的動物瘋狂繁殖。

Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it』s not easy to convince people that people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so part of Mouton』s job these days is trying to promote fur.
生物學家埃德蒙·莫頓負責路易斯安那州的海狸鼠控制。他說要讓人們相信海狸鼠皮是綠色的並不容易，但他對此毫無疑問。獵人們每年帶來超過30萬條海狸鼠尾巴，所以莫頓現在的部分工作就是推廣皮毛。

Then there』s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashions. Model Paige Morgan says,「To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them – I think that』s going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York.」 Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She』s trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.
還有Righteous Fur和它不同尋常的時尚。模特佩奇·摩根說，「給人們一個沒有罪惡感的選擇，讓他們可以穿著，而不用被人往身上潑油漆——我認為這將是一件大事，至少在紐約是這樣。」設計師詹妮弗·安德森承認，她花了一段時間才意識到，用海狸鼠皮製作作品在道德上是可以接受的。她正嘗試給海狸鼠時尚貼上環保標簽。

❼ 2021年高考英語全國卷2 - 閱讀理解B

When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a landline?
幾乎每個人都有手機，那為什麼超過一半的澳大利亞家庭仍在為座機付費？

These days you'd be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn』t own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.
如今，在澳大利亞很難15歲以上的人幾乎個個有手機。實際上，很多小孩子口袋裡都有。幾乎每個人都可以隨時隨地撥打和接聽電話。

Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter (29%) rely only on their smartphones, according to a survey. Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it's not really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket - 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.
然而，根據一項調查，55%的澳大利亞人家裡有座機，只有略高於四分之一（29%）的人只依賴智能手機。在那些仍有座機的澳大利亞人中，三分之一的人認為不是真的需要座機，只是把它當作一條安全毯——19%的人說他們從來不用，另有13%的人保留它是為了應付緊急情況。我認為我的家庭屬於這一類。

More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor - only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers who've perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn't the only factor; I'd say it's also to do with the makeup of your household.
超過一半的澳大利亞家庭仍然選擇使用座機。年齡自然是一個因素——Y一代中只有58%仍然偶爾使用座機，而嬰兒潮一代中有84%的人可能50年來一直擁有相同的家庭號碼。年齡不是唯一的因素；我想這也和你的家庭構成有關。

Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the phone (using Caller ID would take the fun out of it).
這樣擁有年輕家庭的X一代，比如我和我的妻子還是認為擁有一部座機比為每個家庭成員提供一部手機更方便。說實話，只有嬰兒潮一代的父母會打我們的座機，在我們拿起電話之前，我們會玩一個游戲，猜猜誰在打電話（來電顯示會讓我們失去樂趣）。

How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries?
你有多喜歡你的座機？它們還要多久才能走上煤氣路燈和早上送牛奶的老路？

❽ 2021年高考英語全國卷2 - 閱讀理解A

The Biggest Stadiums in the World
世界上最大的體育場

People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece. In around 8 A.Q., the Romans built the Colosseum, which remains the world's best known stadium are continues to inform contemporary design. Rome』s Colosseum was 157 feet tall and had 80 entrances, seating 50,000 people. However, that was small fry compared with the city』s Circus Maximus, which accommodated around 250,000 people.
從古希臘時代起，人們就開始湧入體育場。大約公元前8世紀，羅馬人建造了羅馬競技場，它仍然是世界上最著名的體育場，並繼續為當代設計提供參考。羅馬斗獸場高157英尺，有80個入口，可容納5萬人。然而，與該市容納約25萬人的馬克西姆斯馬戲團相比，這只是小菜一碟。

These days, safety regulations-not to mention the modern sports fan』s desire for a good view and a comfortable seat-tend to keep stadium capacities slightly lower. Even soccer fans tend to have a seat each; gone are the days of thousands standing to watch the match.
如今，安全法規（更不用說現代體育迷對良好視野和舒適座位的渴望）往往要求體育場容量小一些。就連足球迷也傾向於每人都有一個座位；數千人站著觀看比賽的日子一去不復返了。

For the biggest stadiums in the world, we have used data supplied by the World Atlas list so far, which ranks them by their stated permanent capacity, as well as updated information from official stadium websites.
對於世界上最大的體育場，我們使用了迄今為止由World Atlas提供的數據，以下是根據其規定的永久容量的排名以及來自官方體育場網站的最新信息。

All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport.
所有這些體育場都仍在運行、開放，舉辦世界最大的體育賽事。

❾ 2010年高考英語北京卷 - 閱讀理解C - Pacing and Pausing（節奏和停頓）

Sara tried to befriend her old friend Steve』s new wife, but Betty never seemed to have anything to say. While Sara felt Betty didn』t hold up her end of the conversation, Betty complained to Steve that Sara never gave her a chance to talk. The problem had to do with expectations about pacing and pausing.
薩拉想和她的老朋友史蒂夫的新婚妻子貝蒂交朋友，但貝蒂似乎沒什麼表示。薩拉覺得貝蒂沒有打斷她的談話時，貝蒂向史蒂夫抱怨說薩拉從來沒有給過她說話的機會。這個問題與人們對節奏和停頓的期望有關。

Conversation is a turn-taking game. When our habits are similar, there』s no problem. But if our habits are different, you may start to talk before I』m finished or fail to take your turn when I』m finished. That』s what was happening with Betty and Sara.
談話是一種輪流進行的游戲。當我們的習慣相似時，沒有問題。但是如果我們的習慣不同，你可能在我說完之前就開始說，或者在我說完的時候你沒有接上。貝蒂和莎拉就是這樣。

It may not be coincidental that Betty, who expected relatively longer pauses between turns, is British, and Sara, who expected relatively shorter pauses, is American. Betty often felt interrupted by Sara. But Betty herself became an interrupter and found herself doing most of the talking when she met a visitor from Finland. And Sara had a hard time cutting in on some speakers from Latin America or Israel.
這可能不是巧合，貝蒂是英國人，她期望在轉換之間停頓長一點，而薩拉是美國人，她期望停頓短一點。貝蒂常常感到被薩拉打斷，但是當她遇到來自芬蘭的客人時，她自己成了打斷別人的人，總是自己在說。薩拉在遇到來自拉美或以色列的發言者講話時也很難插嘴。

The general phenomenon, then, is that the small conversation techniques, like pacing and pausing, lead people to draw conclusions not about conversational style but about personality and abilities. These habitual differences are often the basis for dangerous stereotyping. And these social phenomena can have very personal consequences. For example, a woman from the southwestern part of the US went to live in an eastern city to take up a job in personnel. When the Personnel Department got together for meetings, she kept searching for the right time to break in--and never found it. Although back home she was considered outgoing and confident, in Washington she was viewed as shy and retiring. When she was evaluated at the end of the year, she was told to take a training course because of her inability to speak up.
通常就是這樣，像節奏和停頓這樣的談話小技巧會讓人們得出關於個性和能力的結論，而不是關於談話風格。這些習慣性差異往往是危險的思維定式的基礎，這些社會現象會產生非常私人的後果。例如，一位來自美國西南部的婦女到東部城市居住，從事人事工作。當人事部開會時，她會一直在尋找合適的時間插話——但始終沒有找到。雖然在家鄉她被認為是外向和自信，但在華盛頓她則被認為是害羞，不善與人交往。年底對她考評時，被告知要參加培訓，因為她不會說話。

That』s why slight differences in conversational style --- tiny little things like microseconds of pause --- can have a great effect on one』s life. The result in this case was a judgment of psychological problems --- even in the mind of the woman herself, who really wondered what was wrong with her and registered for assertiveness training.
這就是為什麼談話風格上的細微差別——像幾微秒停頓這樣的小事——會對一個人的生活產生巨大影響。案例的結果是對心理問題的判斷——甚至在這位女士自己的頭腦中，她真的很想知道她到底有什麼問題，而去報名參加自信心培訓。

❿ 1999年高考英語全國卷 - 閱讀理解E

When a group of children politely stop a conversation with you, saying:「We have to go to work now,」 you're left feeling surprised and certainly uneasy. After all, this is the 1990s and the idea of children working is just unthinkable. That is, until you are told that they are all pupils of stage schools and that the work「they go off」 is to go on the stage in a theater.
當一群孩子禮貌地停止與你的對話，說：「我們現在得去上班了，」你會感到驚訝，當然也會感到不安。畢竟，現吵昌在是20世紀90年代，孩子們工作的想法是不可想像的，直到他們告訴你他們都是舞台學校的學生，「他們要去做」的工作就是在劇院的舞台上表演。

Stage schools often act as agencies to supply children for stage and television work. More worthy of the name 「stage school」 are those few places where children attend full time, with training for the theatre and a general ecation.
舞台學校經常充當中介機構為孩子們提供舞台和電視工作。更應該稱之為「舞台學校」的是少數幾個為孩子們提供全日制學習的地方，包括戲劇培訓和常規教育。

A visit to such schools will leave you in no doubt that the children enjoy themselves. After all, what lively children wouldn't settle for spending only half the day doing ordinary school work, and acting, singing or dancing their way through the other half of the day?
毫無疑問，參觀這樣的學校，你會發現孩子們很開心。畢竟，活潑的孩子怎麼會滿足於只花半天時間做普通學校的作業，另半天時間表演、唱歌或跳舞呢？

Then of course there is time for the children to make a name and make a little money in some big shows. Some stage schools give their children too much professional work at such a young age. But the law is very tight on the amount they can do. Those under 13 are limited to 40 days in the year and those over 13 to 80 days.
當然，孩子們還有機會在一些大型演出中露臉並賺點小錢。一些舞台學校在孩子很小的時候就給他們提供了非常多的專業工作，但法律嚴格限制可以做的工作數量。13歲升鋒扒以下的孩子一年基缺只能做40天，而13以上的孩子一年可以做80天。

The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the profession for which they are being trained. So what happens to those who don't make it? While all the leading schools say they place great importance on children getting good study results, the facts seem to suggest this is not always the case.
學校承認，並不是所有的孩子都能在他們正在接受的職業中取得成功。那麼，那些沒有成功的孩子會怎樣呢？雖然所有主要的學校都說他們非常重視孩子取得好的學習成績，但事實似乎表明，情況並非總是如此。