中級職稱英語閱讀理解

Ⅰ 職稱英語閱讀理解題

職稱英語閱讀理解題

在職稱英語考試的六大題型中閱讀理解占的分數最高達45分,將近總成績的'一半,關系著考試的成敗。下面是我整理的關於職稱英語的閱讀理解題以及參考答案，歡迎大家練習!

第一篇：

The Only Way Is Up

Think of a modern city and the first image that come to mind is the skyline. It is full of great buildings, pointing like fingers to heaven. It is true that some cities don’t permit buildings to go above a certain height. But these are cities concerned with the past. The first thing any city does when it wants to tell the world that it has arrived is to build skyscrapers.

When people gather together in cities, they create a demand for land. Since cities are places where money is made, that demand can be met. And the best way to make money out of city land is to put as many people as possible in a space that covers the smallest amount of ground. That means building upwards.

The technology existed to do this as early as the 19th century. But the height of buildings was limited by one important factor. They had to be small enough for people on the top floors to climb stairs. People could not be expected to climb a mountain at the end of their journey to work, or home.

Elisha Otis, a US inventor, was the man who brought us the lift or elevator，as he preferred to call it. However，most of the technology is very old. Lifts work using the same pulley system the Egyptians used to create the Pyramids. What Otis did was attach the system to a steam engine and develop the elevator brake, which stops the lift falling if the cords that hold it up are broken. It was this that did the most to gain public confidence in the new invention. In fact, he spent a number of years exhibiting lifts at fairgrounds, giving people the chance to try them out before selling the idea to architects and builders.

A lift would not be a very good theme park attraction now. Going in a lift is such an everyday thing that it would just be boring. Yet psychologists and others who study human behavior find lifts fascinating. The reason is simple. Scientists have always studied animals in zoos. The nearest they can get to that with humans is in observing them in lifts.

“It breaks all the usual conventions about the bubble of personal space we carry around with us and you just can’t choose to move away,” says workplace psychologist, Gary Fitzgibbon. Being trapped in this setting can create different types of tensions, he says.Some people are scared of them. Others use them as an opportunity to get close to the boss. Some stand close to the door. Others hide in the corners. Most people try and shrink into the background. But some behave in a way that makes others notice them. There are a few people who just stand in a corner taking notes.

Don’t worry about them. They fire probably from a university.

31. “...these are cities concerned with the past”in the first paragraph refer to cities that

A. are worried about their past.

B. have a glorious past to be proud of.

C. want to maintain their traditional image.

D. are very interested in their own history.

32. The difficulty in constructing tall buildings in the 19th century lies in

A. the shortage of money.

B. the lack of a device to carry people upward.

C. backward technology.

D. mountains taking up land space.

33. When Otis came up with the idea of a lift,

A. he sold it to the architects and builders immediately.

B. the Egyptians used it to build the Pyramids.

C. it was accepted favorably by the public.

D. most people had doubt about its safety.

34. Which of the following best describes the experience of going in a lift now?

A. Fascinating.

B. Uninteresting.

C. Frightening.

D. Exciting.

35. Psychologists find the lift a good place where they can study human behaviour because

A. here humans behave the way animals do.

B. people in a lift are all scared.

C. here some people take notes.

D. in a lift the bubble of personal space breaks.

第二篇：

Some Things We Know about Language

Many things about language are a mystery, and many will always remain so.But some things we do know.

First，we know that all human beings have a language of some sort.There is no race of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language，no set of speech sounds by which the people communicate with one mother.Furthermore，in historical times，there has never been a race of men without a language.

Second，there is no such thing as a primitive language.There are many people whose cultures are undeveloped，who are，as we say，uncivilized, but the languages they speak are not primitive.In all known languages we can see complexities that must have been tens of thousands of years in developing.

This has not always been well understood;indeed, the direct contrary has often been stated.Popular ideas of the language of the American Indians will illustrate.Many people have supposed that the Indians communicated in a very primitive system of noises.Study has proved this to be nonsense.There are，or were，hundreds of American Indian languages，and all of them turn out to be very complicated and very old. They are certainly different from the languages that most of us are familiar with，but they are no more primitive five than English and Greek.

A third thing we know about language is that all languages are perfectly adequate.That is, each one is a perfect means of expressing the culture of the people who speak the language.

Finally, we know that language changes.It is natural and normal for language to change; the only languages which do not change are the dead ones.This is easy to understand if we look backward in time.Change goes on in all aspects of language.Grammatical features change as do speech sounds，and changes in vocabulary are sometimes very extensive and may occur very rapidly.Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language.

36. In the second paragraph the author thinks that

A. some backward race doesn’t have a language of its own.

B. some race in history didn’t possess a language of its own.

C. any human race, whether backward or not, has a language.

D. some races on earth call communicate without language.

37. According to the author, people of undeveloped cultures can have_ __ languages.

A. complicated

B. uncivilized

C. primitive

D. well-known

38. The author has used American Indian languages as an example to show that they are

A. just as old as some well-known languages.

B. just as sophisticated as some well-known languages.

C. more developed than some well-known languages.

D. more complex than some well-known languages.

39. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

A. A language is a means of expressing a particular culture.

B. All languages can well express their respective cultures.

C. American Indian languages are as sophisticated as English.

D. Some languages are better than other languages.

40. According to the author, language changes are most likely to occur in

A. grammar.

B. pronunciation.

C. vocabulary.

D. intonation.

>>>>>>參考答案<<<<<<

第一篇：CBDBD

第二篇：CABDC

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Ⅱ 職稱英語考試衛生類A閱讀理解訓練題

2017年職稱英語考試衛生類A閱讀理解訓練題

2017年職稱英語考試復習已經開始，為了幫助大家搜閉更好地備考職稱英語考試，網世橋裂我為大家提供了相應的練習題，以消高下是2017年職稱英語考試衛生類A閱讀理解訓練題，希望對大家的備考有所幫助。

Older Volcanic Eruptions

Volcanoes were more destructive in ancient history, not because they were bigger, but because the carbon dioxide they released wiped out life with greater ease.

Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds was investigating the link between volcanic eruptions and mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptions killed off large numbers of animals, but all the mass extinctions over the past 300 million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock. To his surprise, the older the massive volcanic eruptions were, the more damage they seemed to do. He calculated the "killing efficiency" for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava that they proced. He found that for size, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals.

The Permian extinction, for example, which happened 250 million years ago, is marked by floods of volcanic rock in Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe. Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatones of carbon as carbon dioxide. The global warming that followed wiped out 80 percent of all marine genera at the time, and it took 5 million years for the planet to recover. Yet 60 million years ago, there was another huge amount of volcanic activity and global warming but no mass extinction. Some animals did disappear but things returned to normal within ten thousands of years. "The most recent ones hardly have an effect at all," Wignall says. He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs 65 million years ago, because many scientists believe it was primarily caused by the impact of an asteroid. He thinks that older volcanoes had more killing power because more recent life forms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of CO2.

Vincent Courtillot, director of the Paris Geophysical Institute in France, says that Wignall's idea is provocative. But he says it is incredibly hard to do these sorts of calculations. He points out that the killing power of volcanic eruptions depends on how long they lasted. And it is impossible to tell whether the huge blasts lasted for thousands or millions of years. He also adds that it is difficult to estimate how much lava prehistoric volcanoes proced, and that lava volume may not necessarily correspond to carbon dioxide emissions.

1.Why did older volcanic eruptions do more damage than more recent ones?

A. Because they killed off life more easily.

B. Because they were brighter.

C. Because they were larger.

D. Because they were hotter.

2.How did Wignall calculate the killing power of those older volcanic eruptions?

A. By estimating how long they lasted.

B. By counting the dinosaurs they killed.

C. By studying the chemical composition of lava.

D. By comparing the proportion of life wiped out with the volume of lava proced.

3.When did dinosaurs become extinct?

A. 300 million years ago.

B. 250 million years ago.

C. 60 million years ago.

D. 65 million years ago.

4. What can be inferred from paragraph 3 concerning dinosaurs?

A. They were killed off by an asteroid.

B. They died of drastic climate change.

C. They were wiped offby a volcanic eruption.

D. The cause of their extinction has remained a controversial issue.

5.What is the main thesis of the article?

A. Volcanic eruptions are not always deadly.

B. Older volcanic eruptions were more destructive.

C. Carbon dioxide emissions often give rise to global warming.

D. It is not easy to calculate the killing power of a volcanic eruption.

答案與解析：

1.A。細節題。題干：為什麼遠古的火山爆發比近期的火山爆發破壞性更大?利用題干關鍵詞可以定位到第一段：古代的火山更具破壞力，不是因為它們更大，而是因為它們釋放出的二氧化碳更能輕易地毀滅生命。

2.D。細節題。題干：Wignall是如何計算出遠古火山爆發的殺傷力的?利用題干關鍵詞可以定位到第二段。第二段有這樣一句話：He calculated the“killing efficiency'’for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion oflife they killed offwith the volume oflava that they proced.(他通過比較火山釋放出的熔岩的體積與殺死生命的比例計算這些火山的殺傷力)。

3.D。細節題。題干：恐龍是什麼時候滅絕的?利用題干關鍵詞可以定位到第三段。其中有這么一句話：He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs 65 million years ago，because many scientists believe it was primarily caused by the impact ofan asteroid.(他沒有提及6500萬年前恐龍的滅絕，因為許多科學家相信恐龍的滅絕是受一顆小行星的'影響)。

4.D。細節題。題干：從第三段還可以推導出有關恐龍的什麼樣的信息?在討論第三題的答案時，我們已經注意到了，Wignall沒有提6500萬年前恐龍的滅絕是否跟火山爆發有關，因為許多科學家相信恐龍的滅絕是受一顆小行星的影響。這就說明，關於恐龍滅絕的原因在科學家之間是有爭議的。

5.B。主旨題。問題問的是：文章的主要論點是什麼?答案在文章的第一句：Volcanoes were more destructive in ancient history(古代火山更具破壞力)。

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Ⅲ 職稱英語《綜合B》閱讀理解歷年真題

斗拿Why Buy Shade-Grown Coffee?

When people argue about whether coffee is good for health, they're usually thinking of the health of the coffee drinker. Is it good for your heart? Does it increase blood pressure? Does it help you concentrate? However, coffee affects the health of the human population in other ways, too.

Traditionally, coffee bushes were planted under the canopy (樹冠) of taller indigenous ( 土生土長的) trees. However, more and more farmers in Latin America are deforesting the land to grow full-sun coffees. At first, this increases proction because more coffee bushes can be planted if there aren't any trees. With increased proction come increased profits.

Unfortunately, deforesting for coffee proction immediately decreases local wildlife habitat.

Native birds nest and hide from predators (捕食者) in the tall trees and migrating birds rest there.

Furthermore, in the long term, the full-sun method also damages the ecosystem because more chemical fertilizers and pesticides are needed to grow the coffee. The fertilizers and pesticides kill insects that eat coffee plant, but then the birds eat the poisoned insects and also die. The chemicals kill or sicken other animals as well, and can even enter the water that people will eventually drink.

敬橘Fortunately, farmers in Central and South America are beginning to grow more coffee bushes in the shade. We can support these farmers by buying coffee with such labels as "shade grown" and "bird friendly". Sure, these varieties might cost a little more. But we're paying for the health of the birds, the land, ourselves, and the planet. I think it's worth it.

31. What is the main idea of this passage?

亮銷團A. Farmers are changing the way they grow coffee.

B. Coffee is becoming more expensive to proce.

C. Shade-grow coffee is more expensive than sun-grow coffee.

D. People should buy shade-grown coffee.

32. The function of the word "traditionally" in Paragraph 2 is to show__________.

A. the positive effects of coffee.

B. a change of coffee growth.

C. something that is the most important.

D. how coffee proction used to be.

33. What does increased proction of full-sun coffee bring about?

A. More insects.

B. Better quality coffee.

C. Larger farms.

D. Higher profits.

34. How do farmers find more land for growing full-sun coffee?

A. They buy more land from other farmers.

B. They cut down trees.

C. They move to another country.

D. They turn grassland into farmland.

35. The full-sun method may affect the following EXCEPT__________.

A. insects.

B. air.

C. birds.

D. humans.

答案與解析

31.A。題干：這篇文章的大意為__________。主旨題。從各段的首尾句來看，第二段至第四段談論的是向陽種植咖啡的弊端，第五段談的是人們開始在向陰的地方種植咖啡，由此可以看出人們種植咖啡的方式發生了改變，所以該題答案為A(農民們正在改變他們種植咖啡的方式。)

32.B。題干：第二段中“traditionally”一詞的功能是為了說明__________。細節題。利用題目關鍵詞定位到第二段的首句，從中可知“傳統上，咖啡樹被種植在高大的樹的樹冠之下”，後一句“但是，拉美地區越來越多的農民砍伐森林來種植完全向陽的咖啡樹”，由此可知前後句就咖啡樹的種植方式形成對比，因此traditionally是為了說明過去與現在種植方式的不同，因而答案為B。選項D具有較大的`迷惑性，但是第一句和第二句談論的是咖啡的種植，而非咖啡的生產。因而，本題答案為B(咖啡種植的改變)。

33.D。題干：向陽種植的咖啡產量增加導致了什麼?細節題。利用題干關鍵詞increasedproction可以定位到第二段最後一句，可知產量的增加帶來了利潤的增加，故D(高的利潤)為正確答案。

34.B。題干：農民如何找到更多的地來向陽種植咖啡?細節題。利用題干關鍵詞find moreland可以定位到第二段的第二句，可知越來越多的拉美人正在砍伐森林來種植咖啡樹，故B(他們將樹砍到)為正確答案。

35.B。題干：向陽種植咖啡的方法可能對下列之外都有影響。細節題。分別定位四個選項可以定位到第三和四段，如第三段提到因為要種植咖啡樹，本地的鳥類賴以築巢和躲避捕食者的樹木被砍掉了，第四段提到化肥和殺蟲劑殺死了以咖啡樹為食的昆蟲，而鳥類吃了這些中毒的昆蟲而死亡，化學物質殺死或使動物生病，然後將毒性帶入到人們飲水的水域中。所以可見昆蟲、鳥類和人類都受到了影響，故本題答案為B(空氣)。

Ⅳ 職稱英語考試閱讀理解的5種應試技巧

在職稱英語考試中，閱讀理解部分幾乎是所有考生通過職稱英語考試的“攔路虎”。許多考生在做閱讀理解部分，常常覺得時間緊、答案選項迷惑性性大，因而很難及時又准確的選出答案。如何在沒有足夠時間進行深入閱讀或文章太難看不懂的情況下答題呢?下面向大家介紹5種緊急情況下的應試技巧。

通過對歷年的閱讀理解題，我們發現在所列出的四個選項中也有一些規律可循的。如果考生能夠了解並掌握這些規律就可以找到答題時的第六感，達到超常發揮的水平。如果考生來不及看文章，憑下面這些規律可以選出不少正確的選項。

1.答案項中有絕對語氣詞的一般不是正確答案。這些語氣詞有： must， always， never， the most， all， only， have to， any， no， very，completely， none， hardly等。

2.選項中含有不十分肯定的語氣詞一般是正確答案項。這些語氣詞有： can， could， may， should， usually， might， most(大多數)，more or less， relatively， be likely to， possible， whether or， not necessarily 等。

3.選項中照抄原文的一般不是答案項，而同義替換的一般是選項。

4.較全面、有針對性地表達文章中心思想的選項一般是答案項。

5.選項中表達意義較具體的、膚淺的(字面意思)一般不是答案項，而概括性的、抽象的、含義深刻的是答案項。

拓展閱讀：2015年職稱英語考試詞彙選項做題必殺技

職稱英語考試的過程中除了掌握一定的知識積累外，還需要掌握一些必要的做題技巧，這有利於我們提高做題效率。下面就看看怎麼做職稱英語詞彙選項題吧。

必殺技：

准備一本正式出版的'英語同義詞詞典，拿到字典後，用標記紙在每個字母首頁進行標記，方便在考試時查閱。具體形式請參看群資料。

教材練習不用做，把答案勾畫出來，只需記住其中題目劃線部分或者答案是片語的，其餘不用看。

考試時看到有教材中的片語題則直接答上，其餘的查詞典。

詳解：

職稱英語考試允許帶一本正式出版的，並非針對職稱英語考試而編寫的詞典。而本題考核內容就是同義詞(片語)，顯然使用同義詞典效率更高。

片語記憶相對容易而查詞典找同義片語相對較困難，又因試題來自教材練習4-6題，所以必須記住教材中的片語題。教材詞彙練習一共150題，其中有片語的也就20個左右，記住絕對沒有困難;

因職稱英語詞彙數量有限，直接查同義詞詞典，一般前三個義項就會有答案。

Ⅳ 職稱英語怎麼考過，中級的

評價目標

全國專業技術人員職稱英語等級考試重點考查應試者的閱讀理解能力。考試總的評價目標是：申報A級的人員在2小時內應完成3000詞左右的閱讀任務，並能正確理解所讀材料的內容；申報B級的人員在2小時內應完成2600詞左右的閱讀任務，並能正確理解所讀材料的內容；申報C級的人員在2小時內應完成2200詞左右的閱讀任務，並能正確理解所讀材料的內容。

為達到上述目標，考試對應試者的英語詞彙量、語法知識和閱讀理解能力分別提出如下要求：
（一）詞彙量
考試所涉及的詞彙和短語主要依據本大綱所附詞彙表。對申報不同級別的應試者要求認知的詞彙量不等：
1、申報A級的人員應認知6000個左右的單詞和一定數量的短語；
2、申報B級的人員應認知5000個左右的單詞和一定數量的短語；
3、申報C級的人員應認知4000個左右的單詞和一定數量的短語。
（二）語法知識
考試不直接對應試者所掌握的語法知識進行考查，但應試者必須掌握基本的語法知識，主要包括：
1、英語句子的基本語序及其意義；
2、英語句子的結構和常用句型；
3、各種時、體的形式及其意義；
4、各種從句的構成及其意義；
5、句子中詞語的所指、省略、替代、重復，以及句子之間的意義關系等。
（三）閱讀理解能力
應試者應能綜合運用英語語言知識和閱讀技能來理解專業的或一般內容的英語書面材料。閱讀能力主要包括以下幾個方面：
1、掌握所讀材料的主旨和大意；
2、了解闡述主旨的事實和細節；
3、利用上下文猜測某些詞彙和短語的意義；
4、既理解個別句子的意義，也理解上下文之間的意義關系；
5、根據所讀材料進行判斷和推論；
6、領會作者的觀點、意圖和態度。

考試內容

A、B、C三個等級的考試各由6個部分組成，每個級別的考試題型一樣、題量相同，但不同級別考試總的閱讀量及難易程度不同。考試主要考查應試者理解書面英語的能力。
第1部分：詞彙選項（第1-15題，每題1分，共15分）
考查應試者理解在一定語境中單詞或短語意義的能力。本部分為15個句子，每個句子中均有1個詞或短語劃有底橫線，要求應試者從每個句子後面所給的4個選項中選擇1個與劃線部分意義最相近的詞或短語。
第2部分：閱讀判斷（第16-22題，每題1分，共7分）
考查應試者識別和判斷文章所提供的信息的能力。本部分為1篇300-450詞的短文，短文後列出7個句子，有的句子提供的是正確信息，有的句子提供的是錯誤信息，有的句子的信息在短文中並未直接或間接提及。要求應試者根據短文的內容對每個句子做出判斷。
第3部分：概括大意與完成句子（第23-30題，每題1分，共8分）
考查應試者把握文章段落大意及細節的能力。本部分為1篇300-450詞的短文，有2項測試任務：
（1）短文後有6個段落小標題，要求應試者根據文章的內容為其中指定的4個段落各選擇一個正確的小標題；
（2）短文後有4個不完整的句子，要求應試者在所提供的6個選項中選擇4個正確選項分別完成每個句子。
第4部分：閱讀理解（第31-45題，每題3分，共45分）
考查應試者對文章主旨和細節信息的理解能力。本部分為3篇文章，每篇300-450詞，每篇文章後有5道題。要求應試者根據文章的內容，從每題所給的4個選項中選擇1個最佳答案。
第5部分：補全短文（第46-50題，每題2分，共10分）
考查應試者把握文章結構、掌握作者思路的能力。本部分為1篇300-450詞的短文，文中有5處空白，文章後面有6組文字，其中5組取自文章本身。要求應試者根據文章的內容選擇5組文字，將其放回相應位置，以恢復文章原貌。
第6部分：完形填空（第51-65題，每題1分，共15分）
考查應試者正確把握文章內容，以及在一定語境中准確使用詞語的能力。本部分為1篇300-450詞的短文，文中有15處空白，每處空白給出4個選項，要求應試者根據短文的內容從4個選項中選擇1個最佳答案。

Ⅵ 職稱英語綜合類試題閱讀判斷備考題

閱讀判斷題

閱讀下面這篇短文，短文後列出了7個句子，請換根據短文的內容對每個句子做出判斷。如果該句提供的是正確信息，請選A;如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請選B;如果該句的信息文章中沒有提及，請選C.

They Say Ireland's the Best

Ireland is the best place in the world to live for 2005， according to a life quality ranking that appeared in Britain's Economist magazine last week.

The ambitious attempt to compare happiness levels around the world is based on the principle that wealth is not the only measure of human satisfaction and well-being.

The index of 111 countries uses data on incomes， health， unemployment， climate， political stability， job security， gender equality as well as what the magazine calls "freedom， family and community life".

Despite the bad weather， troubled health service， traffic congestion(擁擠)， gender inequality， and the high cost of living， Ireland scored an impressive 8.33 points out of 10.

That put it well ahead of second-place Switzerland， which managed 8.07. Zimbabwe troubled by political insecurity and hunger， is rated the gloomiest(最差的)， picking up only 3.89 points.職稱英語培訓

"Although rising incomes and increased indivial choices are highly valued，" the report said， "some of the factors associated with modernization such as the breakdown(崩潰)in traditional institutions and family values in part take away from a positive impact."

"Ireland wins because it successfully combines the most desirable elements of the new with the preservation of certain warm elements of the old， such as stable family and community life."

The magazine admitted measuring quality of life is not a straightforward thing to do， and that its findings would have their critics.

No. 2 on the list is Switzerland. The other nations in the top 10 are Norway， Luxembourg， Sweden， Australia， Iceland， Italy， Denmark and Spain.

The UK is positioned at No. 29， a much lower position chiefly because of the social and family breakdown recorded in official statistics. The US， which has the second highest per capita GDP(人均國內生產總值)after Luxembourg， took the 13th place in the survey. China was in the lower half of the league at 60th.

1 For 2，005 years， Ireland has been the best place for humans to live in.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

2 Job security is the least important measure of life quality.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

3 Cost of living in Ireland is pretty high.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

4 Family life in Zimbabwe is not stable.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

5 Ireland is positioned at No. 1 because it combines the most desirable elements of the new with some good elements of the old.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

6 To measure life quality is easy.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

7 The United States of America is among the top 10 countries.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

【參考答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. B

Ⅶ 職稱英語歷年真題《綜合A》閱讀理解

The Sandwich Generation

Today people often look forward to their middle age as a time when they will be able to take things easier. After their children are grown, they expect to enjoy the life they have worked hard to create. However the reality is often very different. In middle age, many people discover that they have two ongoing responsibilities: one is to look after their aging parents, and the other is to help their young alt children deal with the pressures of life. Around the world, there are millions of people who are "sandwiched" in between the older and the younger generations. Sometimes there may be two or three generations living in the same household -- a situation that is common in many Asian countries and in some parts of Europe. In other cases, a couple may be taking care of parents and children, but they do not live with them.

There are two important reasons for the rise of the sandwich generation. First, people are living longer than they used to. In the early nineteenth century, the average life expectancy for alts in the United States, for example, was about 40, whereas today people live to an average age of 75. Therefore, children are taking care of their parents over a longer period of time. The second reason is that these days, young alts often live with their parents for a longer time than they did in the past. This is often for financial reasons. It's also more common for today's young alts to return home ring or after college if they need financial

or emotional support.

People who take care of elderly parents often face difficult issues. They may have to cover expenses that their parents cannot. They may have to manage their parents, financial and legal affairs. They may have to prepare for their parents, future needs, such as special medical care or a move to a nursing home. This can be a traumatic experience for everyone.

Caring for alt children presents challenges as well, and caregivers have to resolve important questions: How can financial responsibilities be shared among members of the household? How can household chores be shared? What is the best way to ensure everyone's privacy? Successfully coping with these issues can avoid a lot of stress for the whole family.

The financial and emotional pressures on the sandwich generation can be overwhelming.

However, this time in life also has its rewards. It can be a time to rediscover the special qualities of one's parents or children. It can also provide a valuable opportunity to spend more time with them.

However, in order to survive this difficult period in their lives, the members of the sandwich generation must remember that they also need to pay attention to their own needs and look after the quality of their own lives. They can't be totally selfless.

41. According to the first paragraph, many people in middle age

A. can't enjoy their life as they have expected.

B. are able to take things easier when their children are grown.

C. can't enjoy their life because they haven't worked hard enough.

D. are facing great pressure from their work.

42. Which is true about the sandwich generation?

A. Their parents are unable to take care of themselves.

B. Their parents are often facing the pressures of life.

C. They all have to live with their parents and children.

D. They are torn between the responsibilities for their parents and children.

43. Why do some young alts choose to live with their parents these days?

A. They are too young to be independent from their parents.

B. They want to help their parents to take care of their aging grandparents.

C. They need support from their parents to deal with their financial problems.

D. They are more emotional than the young alts in the past.

44. The sandwich generation face the following challenges EXCEPT

A. sharing household chores.

B. determining who is the caregiver of the family.

C. ensuring everyone's privacy.

D. shouldering the financial responsibilities of the household.

45. To survive the difficult period in their lives, the sandwich generation need to_________.

A. be totally selfless.

B. rediscover the merits of their children.

C. value the time spent with their parents.

D. consider their own well-being.

答案與解析

41.A。細節題。題干：根據文章的意思，很多中年人。根據第一段第二、三句可知，當孩子長大後，中年人期望能享受努力工作創造的生活，然而，現實卻不是這樣。由此可知，很多中年人不能如願地享受生活。故本題選A(無法過上他們期望的生活)。

42.D。細節判斷題。題干：關於三明治一代，下列哪個描述是正確的?根據第一段第四句可知，很多中年人發現他們正肩負著兩種責任：一個是照顧日益年長的父母，另一個是幫助年輕的孩子處理生活的壓力。第一段第五句接著說，全世界有數百萬的中年人像三明治一樣夾在上一代和下一代中間。因此選項D(他們常常在贍養老人和撫養孩子的責任中左右為難)。

43.C。細節題。題干：為什麼現在很多年輕人選擇和父母住在一起?根據第二段最後三句可知，如今一些年輕人之所以會更久地跟父母住在一起，是因為他們需要父母的經濟或情感支持。故本題答案為C(他們需要父母的'支持來應對財務問題)。

44.B。細節判斷題。題干：三明治一代面臨著下列挑戰，除了__________。根據第四段中的“caregivers have to resolve important questions：How can financial responsibilities be shared among members of the household?How can household chores be shared?What is the best way to ensure everyone’s privacy?”可知，只有B不是三明治一代要考慮的問題，所以該題答案為B(決定誰來贍養家庭)。

45.D。推斷題。題干：想度過人生中這一艱難時段，三明治一代需要__________。最後一段最後兩句中的“…they also need to pay attention to their own needs and look after the quality of thie own lives.They can’t be totally selfless.”表明，三明治一代也需要考慮自己的需求和自身的生活質量，不能完全忘我。由此可知，要度過這個人生的艱難時段，三明治一代需要考慮自身的幸福，所以該題答案為D(考慮自身的幸福)。

Ⅷ 職稱英語閱讀：第四講如何做詞彙理解題

在職稱考試中經常會出現一些詞彙性選擇題。詞彙性選擇題主要是考察考生對一個詞彙或短語在特定語言環境下的確切含義。所考的詞彙主要有兩類： 一類是超出大綱詞彙表的詞彙漏凱耐，以前沒有見過的新詞，要求考生根據上下文猜測出它的確切含義。另一類是熟詞僻義或者是舊詞新義（即原來學過的詞在新的語言環境下另有新義）。在這種情況下，考生以前知道的常規詞義往往都不是解。有的考生想通過查閱詞典來找出答案。實踐證明，對於這種考題，查閱詞典往往無濟於事。考生一定要切記：只有根據上下文才能選出具體的，合乎文章內容的正確詞義。因此考生在解題時，首先要對文章上下文有一個正確的理解，利用文章中所給出的線索或暗示來推斷詞義。根據上下文推斷詞義主要有以下幾種方法：
（1）孫櫻 利用定義和釋義
有時在一篇文章中，作者估計到某個詞或片語讀者可能不熟悉，就常常在這個詞或短語後面直接給出定義或換一種說法進行解釋。例如：
They need to make their income meet the cost of living; so many people plan a family budget. A budget is a list of monthly expenses．
Experts in kinetics, in their study of body motions as related to speech, hope to discover new methods of communication.
He was a very astute buyer, estimating values very carefully and never allowing himself to be deceived.
Sociology is the term used to describe the scientific study of human society.
These medical students have decided to become pediatricians, that is, doctors specializing in the care and diseases of children.
A jetty——a wall built out into the water, protects the harbor.
To boycott a store means to refuse to shop in the store.
Jane is indecisive, that is, she can't make up her mind.
I thought they were old-fashioned, thinking too much of old ways and ideas.
Hausa, namely a language of the Sudan, is widely used as a trade language throughout western Africa.
An autobiography is the story of a person's life written by himself.
Holography, or three-dimensional photography, has many instrial applications.
返春Every once in a while in some part of the world or another, the ground suddenly shakes, and we call the event an earthquake.
Carbon monoxide （co） is a noxious gas which can cause death.
He had a wan look. He was so pale and weak that we thought he was ill.
Should the government regulate the cost of resources such as oil and gas? Some people do not believe that government control is the solution to the problem of the rising cost of fuel.
（2） 利用同義詞或反義詞
反義詞前通常有but ,however, not, yet, while, although, nevertheless, unlike, instead, in contrast等信號詞。
His naiveté, or innocence, was obvious.
My sister Kathy is lively and outgoing, however, I am rather introverted.
Mary was jubilant but Jane was sorrowful.
Danny was hesitant whereas Jean leaned forward eagerly.
Her shirt was clean but her shoes were grubby.
American businessmen expect employees to be punctual. They do not expect that the workers will come late.
Their friends laughed at them, and my sisters felt wretched, very unhappy.
It has an enormous, a very powerful influence on our lives.
In an aging person the new cells may not be as viable or as capable of growth as those of a young man.

Ⅸ 中石油職稱英語考試閱讀理解精講

Why To Mark a Book 怎樣在書上做標記

1. You know you have to read "between the lines" to get the most out of anything. I want to persuade you to do something equally important in the course of your reading. I want to persuade you to "write between the lines." Unless you do, you are not likely to do the most efficient kind of reading.

1、你知道讀書必須要閱讀“字里行間的言外之意”，以求最充分的理解(to get the most out of anything)。我勸(persuade)你在讀書過程中(in the course of your reading)做一件同等重要的事情(to do something equally important);我勸你“在字里行間里寫字”。不這樣做(unless)，就達不到最有效的閱讀效果。

2. I contend, quite bluntly, that marking up a book is not an act of mutilation but love.

2、坦率地說，我認為(contend)，在書上塗抹標記(marking up a book)不是一種損毀行為(an act of mutilation)，而是愛。

3. You shouldn't mark up a book which isn't yours. Librarians (or your friends) who lend you books expect you to keep them clean, and you should. If you decide that I am right about the usefulness of marking books, you will have to buy them. Most of the world's great books are available today, in reprint editions, for a modest sum.

3、當然，你不應該(shouldn't)在不屬於你的書上做標記。借給你書的圖書管理員(或者你的朋友)希望你保持書的整潔，你應該這樣做。如果你認為我說的在書上做標記頗有益處這番話是對的，你就得自己買書。現在，絕大部分世界上的好書都有再版(reprint edition)，我們很容易買到，並且價格合理(a modest sum)。

4. There are two ways in which you can own a book. The first is the property right you establish by paying for it, just as you pay for clothes, and furniture. But this act of purchase is only the prelude to possession. Full ownership comes only when you have made it a part of yourself, and the best way to make yourself a part of it is by writing in it. An illustration may make the point clear. You buy a beefsteak and transfer it from the butcher's icebox to your own. But you do not own the beefsteak in the most important sense until you consume it and get it into your bloodstream. I am arguing that books, too, must be absorbed in your bloodstream to do you any good.

4、一個人擁有書的方式有兩種，第一種是花錢(by paying for it)取得(establish)財產所有權(property right)，就像(just as)你花錢買衣服和傢具一樣。但是，這種購買行為僅是擁有書的前提(prelude to possession)。只有你將它化為自己的一部分後，你才完全佔有了它(full ownership comes);同時，把你自己融入書中的最好方法就是在書中寫字(by writing in it)。打個比方可能使這個觀點更清楚(An illustration may make the point clear)。你買了一塊牛排(beefsteak)，把它從屠夫的冰箱里移到了你自己的冰箱里。但是，從最重要的意義上說(in the most important sense)，你並沒有擁有這塊牛排，除非你吃下它並將它吸收進你的血液(bloodstream)之中。我的觀點是(I am arguing that)，書的營養也必須應該被“吸收到血液”中，才能對你有所裨益。

5. Confusion about what it means to own a book leads people to a false reverence for paper, binding, and type-a respect for the physical thing-the craft of the printer rather than the genius of the author. They forget that it is possible for a man to acquire that idea, to possess the beauty, which a great book contains, without staking his claim by pasting his bookplate inside the cover. Having a fine library doesn't prove that its owner has a mind enriched by books; it proves nothing more than that he, his father, or his wife, was rich enough to buy them.

5、對於“擁有書籍”的真正含義的(about what it means to own a book)誤解(confusion)使人們錯誤地崇敬(a false reverence)紙張、裝訂和樣式-這是對物質的崇敬(a respect for the physical thing)-是崇敬印刷工人的技藝(craft)，而不是書籍作者的才華。他們忘記了，即使不在(without)封面裡貼上藏書票(by pasting his bookplate inside the cover)表明自己對書籍的擁有，人們也可以從一本偉大的著作中獲得它的精神(to acquire that idea)，領略它的美麗(to possess the beauty)。一個好書房並不能證明它的主人學富五車;僅僅(nothing more than)說明他、他的父親或是他的妻子有錢買書而已。

6. There are three kinds of book owners. The first has all the standard sets and best-sellers-unread, untouched. (This deluded indivial owns woodpulp and ink, not books.) The second has a great many books-a few of them read through, most of them dipped into, but all of them as clean and shiny as the day they were bought. (This person would probably like to make books his own, but is restrained by a false respect for their physical appearance.) The third has a few books or many every one of them dog-eared and dilapidated, shaken and loosened by continual use, marked and scribbled in from front to back. (This man owns books.)

6、書籍擁有者可以分為三種。第一種人擁有全部的標准成套書和暢銷書(best-sellers)--既沒讀過，也沒碰過(unread, untouched)。(這種人佔有的只是紙漿和油墨，不是書籍。)第二種人藏書很多--其中幾本(a few of them)被通讀過(read through 仔細閱讀)，大部分(most of them)則淺嘗輒止(dip into 瀏覽, 稍加審視)，但是所有的書都跟新買時一樣整潔光亮(as clean and shiny as the day they were bought)。(這種人可能想使書籍真地為其所用，但因錯誤地過分關注書籍的外觀而裹足不前。第三種人藏書或多或少--因不斷使用，每本書都書角捲起(dog-eared)，破舊不堪(dilapidated)，裝訂破損，書頁鬆散(loosened)，全書從扉頁至末頁都畫滿了記號，塗滿了字句(scribble)。(這種人才是書的真正擁有者。)

7. Is it false respect, you may ask, to preserve intact and unblemished a beautifully printed book, an elegantly bound edition? Of course not. I'd no more scribble all over a first edition of "Paradise Lost" than I'd give my baby a set of crayons and an original Rembrandt! I wouldn't mark up a painting or a statue. Its soul, so to speak, is inseparable from its body. And the beauty of a rare edition or of a richly manufactured volume is like that of a painting or a statue.

7、你可能要問，將一本印刷精美、裝幀雅緻的書保存完好，難道也是不恰當的嗎?當然不是(of course not)。我絕不會在一本初版的《失樂園》上亂塗亂寫(scribble)，就像我不會把一幅倫勃朗的原作連同一盒蠟筆交給我的孩子任意塗抹一樣!(no more…than 與…同樣不) 我決不會在一幅繪畫或者一座雕像上做標記。可以說，它們的靈魂與它們的軀體是不可分的。(be inseparable from 不可與...分開) 精美的善本或豐富的卷冊就像一幅繪畫和一座雕像。

8. But the soul of a book can be separated from its body. A book is more like the score of a piece of music than it is like a painting. No great musician confuses a symphony with the printed sheet of music. Arturo Toscanini revered Brahms, but Toscanini's score of the C-minor Symphony was so thoroughly marked up that no one but the maestro himself could read it. The reason why a great conctor makes notations on his musical scores-marks them up again and again each time he returns to study them-is the reason why you should mark your books. If your respect for magnificent binding or typography gets in the way, buy yourself a cheap edition and pay your respects to the author.

8、但是，一本書的靈魂能夠從它的軀體里分離出來。與其說它像一幅畫(a printing)，還不如說它更像一首樂曲的總譜(the scroe of a piece of music; scroe【音樂】總譜;(電影等的)配樂; a piece of music 一段音樂;一首音樂;一首樂曲)。任何偉大的音樂家都不會將一首交響曲(a symphony)和一張印刷的樂譜相混淆。托斯卡尼尼非常崇敬(revere)博拉姆斯，但他的C小調交響曲的樂譜上畫滿了標記，以致(that)只有大師本人 (no noe but the maestro himself) 才能看懂。為什麼一個偉大的指揮家(a great conctor)會在樂譜上做記號(make notations)-甚至每次研究都會重復標記-其中的奧妙正是你應該在書上做記號的原因。如果你對華美的(magnificent)裝幀和印刷的尊重妨礙(get in the way)你讀書的話，就給自己買一種便宜的版本，同時對書的作者表達敬意就可以了。

9. Why is marking up a book indispensable to reading? First, it keeps you awake. (And I don't mean merely conscious; I mean wide awake.) In the second place, reading, if it is active, is thinking, and thinking tends to express itself in words, spoken or written. That marked book is usually the thought-through book. Finally, writing helps you remember the thoughts you had, or the thoughts the author expressed.

9、為什麼在閱讀過程中在書上做標記是必不可少的(indispensable)呢?首先，它會使你保持清醒。(我指的不是僅僅神智清醒(merely conscious);我的意思是它能使你全神貫注(wide awake)。)其次(in the second place)，如果閱讀(reading)是一種能動的行為，那麼它就是思考，而想法(thinking)常常需藉助口頭的或書面的語言來表達出來。做過記號的書，通常是讀者認真思考過的書(the thought-through book)。最後，寫可以幫助你記住閱讀時的思想，或作者所表達的思想。

10. If reading is to accomplish anything more than passing time, it must be active. You can't let your eyes glide across the lines of a book and come up with an understanding of what you have read. Now an ordinary piece of light fiction, like, say, Gone 14h'th the Wind, doesn't require the most active kind of reading. The books you read for pleasure can be read in a state of relaxation, and nothing is lost. But a great book, rich in ideas and beauty, a book that raises and tries to answer great fundamental questions, demands the most active reading of which you are capable. You don't absorb the ideas of John Dewey the way you absorb the songs of a popular singer. You have to reach for them. That you cannot do while you're asleep.

10、如果(你的)閱讀的目的不僅僅是(more than)消磨時間(passing time)，那就應該是一種積極的思維活動，僅僅讓你的眼睛在書上掃視一遍，你不可能對所讀的'內容(what you have read)有所理解。當然，一部普通的消遣小說(light fiction)，比如說(like, say,)《飄》，並不需要那種最積極的思維式的閱讀。作為消遣的書，可以輕松地讀而不會有所失。但一本思想豐富、文字華美，試圖提出(raise)帶根本性的重大問題並加以回答的偉大著作，則要求你盡可能地進行(of which you are capable; be capable of v.能夠)最積極的閱讀。你不可能像欣賞(absorb)流行歌曲那樣領略(absorb)杜威的思想。你要花力氣才能獲得，漫不經心是做不到的。

11. If, when you've finished reading a book, the pages are filled with your notes, you know you read actively. The most famous active reader of great books I know was President Hutchins, of the University of Chicago. He also had the hardest schele of business activities of any man I know. He invariably read with a pencil, and sometimes, when he picked up a book and pencil in the evening, he found himself, instead of making intelligent notes, drawing what he called "caviar factories" on the margins. When that happened, he put the book down. He knew he was too tired to read, and was just wasting time.

11、如果，你讀完一本書的時候，書頁上寫滿了你的批註(your notes)，你就知道自己的閱讀是積極的(actively)。我知道的最有名的採用積極方式閱讀偉大著作的人(the most famous active reader of great books)是芝加哥大學的校長哈金斯。他也是我所知道的公務最繁忙的人(the hardest schele of business activities of any man)。他讀書時總是(invariably= always)拿著鉛筆。有時，當他在晚上拿起書和鉛筆的時候，發覺自己並沒有(instead of)在做有意義的筆記(intelligent notes)，而是在頁邊空白處(on the margins)亂塗亂畫一些他稱之為“魚子醬工廠”(caviar factories)的東西。一出現這種情況，他就會放下書本。他知道自己太累了以致讀不下去，(再繼續看書)完全是在浪費時間。

練習:

1.I want to persuade you _______ something equally important in the course of your reading.

A doing B to do C to doing D have done

2. There are two ways _____ you can own a book.

A by which B of which C in which D with which

3. I am arguing that books must _____ your bloodstream to do you any good.

A absorb in B be absorbed in C soak in D suck in

4. Confusion about ____ it means to own a book leads people to a false reverence for paper, binding and type—the craft of printer rather than the genius of the author.

A which B that C what D whose

5. They forget that it is possible for a man to acquire that idea, to possess the beauty, which a great book contains, without _____ his claim by ____ his bookplate inside the cover.

A starting, pasting B staking, passing C staking, pasting D stake, paste

6. Having a fine library doesn’t prove that its owner has a mind _____ by books.

A rich B colorful C enriching D enriched

7. The second has a great many books--a few of them read through, most of them ____, but all of them as clean and shiny as they ____.

A dipped into, bought B dip into, were bought

C dip into, buy D dipped into, were bought

8. A book is _____ like the score of a piece of music _____ it is like a painting.

A no more, than B more, than C same, as D too, to

9. Why is marking up a book ____ to reading?

A dependable B indispensable C dependent D disposal

10. A book that raises and tries to answer great fundamental questions, demands the most active reading _____ you are capable.

A to which B of which C by which D to what

答案： 1B 2C 3B 4C 5C 6D 7D 8B 9B 10B

Ⅹ 請問中石化中級職稱英語考試大綱、題型有哪些，急求！！

高級（含教授級）任職資格外語考試試卷題型分值及考試范圍一、試卷類型1. 工程類試卷：按專業側重分為油氣田工程、煉化工程兩種試卷，包括專業外語和綜合外語兩部分，分值各佔50%左右。專業外語以石油石化工程相關專業科普、專業基礎知識為主；綜合外語以一般性科普知識和通用外語為主。2．綜合類試卷：包括綜合、科普外語兩部分，綜合部分以通用外語為主，分值約佔70%，科普外語以石油石化專業科普和一般性科普知識為主，分值約佔30%。二、測試要點考試主要測試專業技術人員在綜合外語、專業科普、專業基礎方面外文文章的快速閱讀，外譯中、中譯外能力等。三、試題題型閱讀理解，兩篇1200字元左右的文章，分值25%。外譯中，2-3篇800字元左右的文章翻譯，分值45%。中譯外，四個句子翻譯，分值10%；兩段120個字元左右段落翻譯，分值20%。工程類試卷專業科普和專業基礎內容的試題，設置二選其一的試題功能，以供不同專業的應試者選擇。參考資料是《中國石化專業技術人員英語學習參考用書》（試用版2012）。這本書不分中高級。2013年還是採用這本書。 查看原帖>>