考研英語每年閱讀的譯文

『壹』 麻煩 誰有91年到99年考研英語真題閱讀部分的全文翻譯

91年到抄99年考研英語真題閱讀部分的全文翻譯這里有:

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『貳』 05——07年考研英語閱讀及譯文

回答字數在10000字以內，所以就放了2005年希望對你有用。

2005 Passage 1

Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as 「all too human」, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it all too monkey, as well.

The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food tardily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of 「goods and services」 than males.

Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan's and Dr. de waal's; study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.

In the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers) So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber .Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to rece resentment in a female capuchin.

The researches suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions, in the wild, they are a co-operative, groupliving species, Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone, Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems form the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.

21. In the opening paragraph, the author introces his topic by
[A]. posing a contrast.
[B]. justifying an assumption.
[C]. making a comparison.
[D]. explaining a phenomenon.

22. The statement 「it is all too monkey」 (Last line, paragraph l) implies that
[A]. monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals.
[B]. resenting unfairness is also monkeys' nature.
[C]. monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other.
[D]. no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions.

23. Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are
[A]. more inclined to weigh what they get.
[B]. attentive to researchers' instructions.
[C]. nice in both appearance and temperament.
[D]. more generous than their male companions

24. Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys
[A]. prefer grapes to cucumbers.
[B]. can be taught to exchange things.
[C]. will not be co-operative if feeling cheated.
[D]. are unhappy when separated from others.

25. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
[A]. Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.
[B]. Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.
[C]. Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.
[D]. Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.

重點詞彙：

assumption  （假定；承擔；呈現）是assume的名詞形式；見1997年Text 2。.參consumption，2002年Text 3。assumption — the mother of screw-up 臆斷——把事情弄糟的根源。underlying assumption 潛在的假定。
grievance /n.委屈冤情不平。申訴人提出不滿意見交付仲裁者。悲痛傷心事不幸憂傷。因為有冤情（）而滿懷悲痛（）向申訴人申訴。

tardily  adv.緩慢。形容詞形式拖拉的。（諧音記憶：他地，工作是他的，所以我可以拖拉）

counterpart （相似或對應的人或物）即counter+part，counter-前綴「對等」，part部分，「對等的部分」。見2000年 Passage 4 。
token  n. 表示, 向征, 記號, 代幣 adj. 象徵的, 表意的。Tears are queer tokens of happiness. 眼淚是快樂的一種奇怪的表示。
reluctant  （不願的，勉強的）即re+luct+ant，re-看作「反復」，luct可看作詞根lect「選擇」，-ant形容詞後綴，人們都不願反反復復地作選擇，所以「反復選擇」→不願的。Suggestion systems can work — don't be reluctant to use them.建議制度是有效的——不要不願使用它們。
indignation  n. 憤慨, 義憤。 記憶：in-dig挖（坑）-nation，挖坑藏在裡面的民族，能不憤慨嗎？比如老薩，呵呵。形容詞形式 indignant  adj. 憤怒的, 憤慨的

難句分析：
①Such behaviour is regarded as 「all too human」, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance.
前一分句是句子的主句，其中使用了短語regard…as…的被動形式；with加名詞作狀語，即「帶有潛在的假定」，其中assumption後接有that引導的同位語從句解釋說明假定的內容。
翻譯：這種行為被看作是「人之長情」，他潛在的假定就是其他動物不可能有這種高度發達的不公平意識。
②when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.
該句子的主句是their behaviour became markedly different.前面是when引導的時間狀語從句，其中包含了so that引導的目的狀語從句。
翻譯：當兩個猴子被安置在隔開但相鄰的兩個房間里，能夠互相看見對方用石頭換回來什麼東西時，猴子的行為就會變的明顯不同。

試題解析：
這篇文章是講猴子有一種天然的公平意識，文章本身難度不是太大，一開始做了一個類比，講人的公平意識。然後根據這個類比，文章重點談猴子們的公平意識。這篇對比性的文章兩個方面要理解，第一，人類和猴子之間都有一種近似的表現，當受到不公正待遇的時候，都有義憤填膺的感覺，如果把握這個邏輯，就是類比的邏輯。第二, 最後兩段關於選擇的實驗的對象以及實驗的結果。

21題，我們應該選擇C，考察第一段的寫作手法，明顯用的是猴和人之間的相似形的比較關系。
22題答案是B，也是在把猴子和人做類比，指出猴子與人一樣都抱怨不公平
23題答案選A，這個是事實細節題，答案是根據文章第三段第一句話得到的，雌性的猴子被選擇做研究，是因為她們更加註重她們獲得的東西。
24題答案選擇C，他們最終的發現是什麼，篇章最後兩段反復重復，如果沒有受到公平的話，
25題選擇B.這篇文章第一段和最後一段都出現一個詞，"假設"為什麼猴和人都有這種心理反應，這個問題沒有得以解決。

全文翻譯：
人人都喜歡大幅加薪，但是當你知道一個同事薪水加得比你還要多的時候，那麼加薪帶給你的喜悅感就消失的無影無蹤了。如果他還以懶散出名的話，你甚至會變得怒不可遏。這種行為被看作是「人之長情」，其潛在的假定其他動物不可能具有如此高度發達的不公平意識。但是由喬治亞州亞特蘭大埃里莫大學的Sarah Brosnan 和Frans de Waal進行的一項研究表明，它也是「猴之常情」。這項研究成果剛剛發表在《自然》雜志上。

研究者們對雌性棕色卷尾猴的行為進行了研究。它們看起來很可愛，性格溫順，合作，樂於分享食物。最重要的是，就象女人們一樣，它們往往比雄性更關注「商品和服務」價值。這些特性使它們成為Brosnan 和 de Waal理想的研究對象。研究者們花了兩年的時間教這些猴子用代幣換取食物。正常情況下，猴子很願意用幾塊石頭換幾片黃瓜。但是，當兩個猴子被安置在隔開但相鄰的兩個房間里，能夠互相看見對方用石頭換回來什麼東西時，猴子的行為就會變的明顯不同。

在卷尾猴的世界裡，葡萄是奢侈品（比黃瓜受歡迎得多）。所以當一隻猴子用一個代幣換回一顆葡萄時，第二隻猴子就不願意用自己的代幣換回一片黃瓜。如果一隻猴子根本無需用代幣就能夠得到一顆葡萄的話，那麼另外一隻就會將代幣擲向研究人員或者扔出房間外，或者拒絕接受那片黃瓜。事實上，只要在另一房間里出現了葡萄（不管有沒有猴子吃它），都足以引起雌卷尾猴的怨恨。

研究人員指出，正如人類一樣，卷尾猴也受社會情感的影響。在野外，它們是相互合作的群居動物。只有當每隻猴子感到自己沒有受到欺騙時，這種合作才可能穩定。不公平而引起的憤怒感似乎不是人類的專利。拒絕接受較少的酬勞可以讓這些情緒准確無誤地傳達給其它成員。但是這種公平感是在卷尾猴和人類身上各自獨立演化而成，還是來自三千五百萬前他們共同的祖先，這還是一個懸而未決的問題。

2005 Passage 2

Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn't know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.
There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth's atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panel's report 「Science never has all the answers .But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that out nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.」
Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it's Ok to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. This is a dangerous game: by the 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.
Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But it's obvious that a majority of the president's advisers still don't take global warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research-a classic case of 「paralysis by analysis」.
To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration won't take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures .A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private instry is a promising start Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.
26. An argument made by supporters of smoking was that
[A]. there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death.
[B]. the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant.
[C]. people had the freedom to choose their own way of life.
[D]. antismoking people were usually talking nonsense.
27. According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as
[A]. a protector.
[B]. a judge.
[C]. a critic.
[D]. a guide.
28. What does the author mean by 「paralysis by analysis」 (Last line, paragraph 4)
[A]. Endless studies kill action.
[B]. Careful investigation reveals truth.
[C]. prudent planning hinders.
[D]. Extensive research helps decision-making.
29. According to the author, what should the Administration do about
[A]. Offer aid to build cleaner power plants.
[B]. Raise public awareness of conservation.
[C]. Press for further scientific research.
[D]. Take some legislative measures.
30. The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because
[A]. they both suffered from the government's negligence.
[B]. a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former.
[C]. the outcome of the latter aggravates the former.
[D]. both of them have turned from bad to worse.

重點詞彙：
prudent adj. 謹慎的。It's prudent to take a thick coat in cold weather when you go out. 在寒冷的天氣下外出時帶上件厚外套是謹慎的。名詞形式prudence n. 審慎。記憶：rude 粗魯的，無禮的，p不-rude粗魯的-ent形容詞後綴
paralysis n. 癱瘓, 麻痹。 para-側面。參見2003年Text 2。
paraphrase  （n.v.釋意）即para+phrase，para-前綴表「在旁邊、輔助」，phrase即「短語；用短語表達」，故「用短語輔助表達」→釋意。以para-為前綴的單詞還有paragraph（文章的段、節；短評）←para+graph寫；parameter（參數）←para+meter計量；parasite（寄生蟲）←para+site地點。
analysis  n. 分析, 分解。記憶：an-a-lysis，後綴同上，分析成一個an,a。聯想：反義詞synthesis n. 綜合, 合成

take the legislative initiative
take the initiative 帶頭,開始著手 took the initiative in trying to solve the problem.開始著手試圖解決這個問題
initiative  n. 主動。 名詞形式initiate vt. 開始, 發動, 傳授 v. 開始, 發起
legislative  adj. 立法的, 立法機關的 n. 立法機關。參見1999 Passage 4 。legislation  （立法；法規）看作leg+is+lat(e)+ion，leg詞根「法律」（參allegation宣稱，2003年Text 2），is是，late遲的，-ion名詞後綴，「法律是遲的」→舊法律難以適應新事物→所以要不斷「立法」→「立法」之產物即「法規」。

難句解析：
①The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth's atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made.
主幹部分是The latest was a panel，表語panel後接有兩個定語成分：from的介詞短語和含enlisted的過去分詞，即「白宮召集的、來自國家科學院的專家團」，其中第二個定語成分中又包含一個不定式結構，表目的，即「為了告訴我們……而召集的（專家團）」。
翻譯：最近的行動是由白宮召集了一批來自國家科學院的專家團，他們告訴我們，地球氣候毫無疑問正在變暖，而這個問題主要是人為造成的。
②But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that out nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.」
該句子的主幹是由and連接的兩個並列從句，前一分句的主幹是science…provide us with…guide；後一分句的主幹是it is critical，其中it為形式主語，真正的主語是that引導的主語從句。從句的主幹是our nation and the world base…policies on…judgments，judgments後接有兩個定語結構，一是that引導的定語從句，一是concerning分詞結構。
翻譯：但是科學確實為我們的未來提供了最好的指導，關鍵是我們的國家和整個的世界在做重要決策時，應該以科學能夠提供的關於人類現在的行為對未來影響最好的判斷作為依據。
③Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it's Ok to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure。
該句子的主幹是voices now come from many quarters；句首Just as結構做比較狀語，意為「正如…一樣」；insisting 引導的分詞結構做定語修飾主語voice，分詞結構中含有兩個並列的由that引導的賓語從句，第二個賓語從句的真實主語是不定式結構to keep…
翻譯：就象吸煙問題一樣，來自不同領域的聲音堅持認為有關全球變暖的科學資料還不完整。
試題解析：
第二篇文章是一篇一般的時事性文章，這也是一篇類比，考完了以後很多考生說這篇文章講抽煙，其實不是的，作者講抽煙是想說明現在的溫室效應，也是一種類比，許多人抽煙沒有人去管，因為缺乏足夠的證據,咱們各國政府也不管溫室效應, 也是同樣的原因。中心講的是世界各個政府對溫室效應的解決的態度，篇章的關鍵詞圍繞這樣三個問題展開，第一個就是證據不充足。第二是科學的意義。第三是制定法律，尤其最後三段大量出現立法和法規的現象，
26題選C，
27應該選D，科學應該作為一個指導性，是答案是根據文章第2段的最後兩句話。
28題是猜單詞題，單詞所在的句子的意思是有些人總要科學證據，結果抹殺了行動。所以選A。29答案選擇D，採取某種法律措施，法律在最後的段落重復的最多。
30題作者談的抽煙的教訓對我們溫室處理也是一樣的，選B。
全文翻譯：
還記得科學家們認為吸煙會致人死亡，而那些懷疑者們卻堅持認為我們無法對此得出定論的時候嗎？還記得懷疑者們堅持認為缺乏決定性的證據，科學也不確定的時候嗎？還記得懷疑者們堅持認為反對吸煙的游說是為了毀掉我們的生活方式，而政府應該置身事外的時候嗎？許多美國人相信了這些胡言亂語，在三十多年中，差不多有一千萬煙民早早的進了墳墓。
現在出現了與吸煙類似的令人感到難過的事情。科學家們前仆後繼，試圖使我們意識到全球氣候變暖所帶來的日益嚴重的威脅。最近的行動是由白宮召集了一批來自國家科學院的專家團，他們告訴我們，地球氣候毫無疑問正在變暖，而這個問題主要是人為造成的。明確的信息表明是我們應該立刻著手保護自己。國家科學院院長Bruce Alberts在專家團報告的前言中加上了這一重要觀點：「科學解答不了所有問題。但是科學確實為我們的未來提供了最好的指導，關鍵是我們的國家和整個的世界在做重要決策時，應該以科學能夠提供的關於人類現在的行為對未來影響最好的判斷作為依據。
就象吸煙問題一樣，來自不同領域的聲音堅持認為有關全球變暖的科學資料還不完整。在我們證實這件事之前可以向大氣中不斷的排放氣體。這是一個危險的游戲；到了有百分之百的證據的時候，可能就太晚了。隨著風險越來越明顯，並且不斷增加，一個謹慎的民族現在應該准備一份保單了。
幸運的是，白宮開始關注這件事了。但是顯然大多數總統顧問並沒有認真看待全球氣候變暖這個問題。他們沒有出台行動計劃，相反只是繼續迫切要求進行更多的研究――這是一個經典的「分析導致麻痹案例」。
為了成為地球上有責任心的一員，我們必須積極

『叄』 08年考研英語閱讀理解第三篇翻譯

08年考研英語閱讀理解第三篇翻譯：
在20世紀60年代早期，Wilt Chamberlain是美國國家籃球協會中僅有的身高超過7英尺的三個人之一。可是如果他參加了上個賽季的話，他就變成了42分之一了。這些年來在較大的職業體育運動中的運動員的身體狀況發生了很大的改變，而他們的經理人也更願意調整隊員的運動服來適應隊員們更大，更高的身材。
雖然體育界的這種趨勢可能蒙蔽了一個沒有被承認的現實：美國人基本上停止生長了。雖然現在人們比140年前高了2英寸，特別是那些出生在已移民美國很多代的那些人，但是明顯的，在二十世紀60年代早期，已經到達了他們的身高的極限。他們已經不可能再長得更高了。「在這個基因和環境的條件下，現在整體的人們已經長到我們能夠達到的范圍了，」Wright州大學的人類學家William Cameron Chumlea說道。拿NBA球員來說，他們身高的增加主要由於從世界各地招募到了球員。
身高的增長一般在20歲以後就停止了，而發育是需要能量和營養的，其中的蛋白質用來供給組織的生長。在20世紀初，營養不良和兒童疾病妨礙了整體的發育。但是當飲食和健康的促進，兒童和青少年平均每20年都增長了大概1.5英寸，這就是長高的趨勢。根據疾病防治中心，從1960年開始，人們的平均身高，男性5英尺9英寸，女性5英尺4英寸，就沒有怎麼改變了。
總的說來，避免太高的身高是有很多優點的。在生產時，較大的嬰兒通過產道是有更多的問題的。而且，就算人類已經直立行走已經幾百萬年了，我們的腳和背部繼續對抗著巨大的壓力，這些壓力來源於雙足直立的姿勢和巨大的肢體。「有一些限制是個體器官的基因結構導致的。」西北大學的人類學家William Leonard說道。
基因的最大化可以改變，但是不要期待它會馬上就能發生。Mass州的Natick的軍隊研究中心的高級人類學家Claire C. Gordon確信百分之九十的入伍新兵不需要更換新的制服和工作站。她說，不像那些籃球制服，軍隊的制服長度很長時間都沒有改變了。如果你需要在不遠的將來預測人類的身高而去設計一款新的設備，Gordon說基本上，「你都能夠使用現在的數據並且覺得非常地自信。」
Text 3
In the early 1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of only three players in the National Basketball Association (NBA) listed at over seven feet. If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42. The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years, and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames.
The trend in sports, though, may be obscuring an unrecognized reality: Americans have generally stopped growing. Though typically about two inches taller now than 140 years ago, today』s people – especially those born to families who have lived in the U.S. for many generations – apparently reached their limit in the early 1960s. And they aren』t likely to get any taller. 「In the general population today, at this genetic, environmental level, we』ve pretty much gone as far as we can go,」 says anthropologist William Cameron Chumlea of Wright State University. In the case of NBA players, their increase in height appears to result from the increasingly common practice of recruiting players from all over the world.
Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients – notably, protein – to feed expanding tissues. At the start of the 20th century, under-nutrition and childhood infections got in the way. But as diet and health improved, children and adolescents have, on average, increased in height by about an inch and a half every 20 years, a pattern known as the secular trend in height. Yet according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, average height – 5′9″ for men, 5′4″ for women – hasn』t really changed since 1960.
Genetically speaking, there are advantages to avoiding substantial height. During childbirth, larger babies have more difficulty passing through the birth canal. Moreover, even though humans have been upright for millions of years, our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs. 「There are some real constraints that are set by the genetic architecture of the indivial organism,」 says anthropologist William Leonard of Northwestern University.
Genetic maximums can change, but don』t expect this to happen soon. Claire C. Gordon, senior anthropologist at the Army Research Center in Natick, Mass., ensures that 90 percent of the uniforms and workstations fit recruits without alteration. She says that, unlike those for basketball, the length of military uniforms has not changed for some time. And if you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment, Gordon says that by and large, 「you could use today』s data and feel fairly confident.」

『肆』 英語閱讀理解翻譯加答案解析

英語閱讀理解翻譯加答案解析

閱讀理解是英語各題型中的重中之中。備考考研英語閱讀理解,關鍵是擴大英語閱讀的練習，下面是我給大家准備的英語閱讀理解真題的翻譯加答案解析，歡迎大家閱讀練習!

Talk to any parent of a student who took an adventurous gap year (a year between school and university when some students earn money, travel, etc.) and a misty look will come into their eyes. There are some disasters and even the most motivated, organised gap student does require family back-up, financial, emotional and physical. The parental mistiness is not just about the brilliant experience that has matured their offspring; it is vicarious living. We all wish pre?university gap years had been the fashion in our day. We can see how much tougher our kids become; how much more prepared to benefit from university or to decide positively that they are going to do something other than a degree.

Gap years are fashionable, as is reflected in the huge growth in the number of charities and private companies offering them. Pictures of Prince William toiling in Chile have helped, but the trend has been gathering steam for a decade. The range of gap packages starts with backpacking, includes working with charities, building hospitals and schools and, very commonly, working as a language assistant, teaching English. With this trend, however, comes a danger. Once parents feel that a well-structured year is essential to their would?be undergraates progress to a better university, a good degree, an impressive CV and well paid employment, as the gap companies blurbs suggest it might be, then parents will start organising—and paying for—the gaps.

Where there are disasters, according to Richard Oliver, director of the gap companies' umbrella organisation, the Year Out Group, it is usually because of poor planning. That can be the fault of the company or of the student, he says, but the best insurance is thoughtful preparation. “When people get it wrong, it is usually medical or, especially among girls, it is that they have not been away from home before or because expectation does not match reality.”

The point of a gap year is that it should be the time when the school leaver gets to do the thing that he or she fancies. Kids don't mature if mum and dad decide how they are going to mature. If the 18-year-old's way of maturing is to slob out on Hampstead Heath soaking up sunshine or spending a year working with fishermen in Cornwall, then thats what will be proctive for that person. The consensus, however, is that some structure is an advantage and that the prime mover needs to be the student.

The 18-year-old who was dispatched by his parents at two weeks'notice to Canada to learn to be a snowboarding instructor at a cost of ￡5,800, probably came back with little more than a hangover. The 18-year-old on the same package who worked for his fare and spent the rest of his year instructing in resorts from New Zealand to Switzerland, and came back to apply for university, is the positive counterbalance. [502 words]

16. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that parents of gap students may____.

[A] help children to be prepared for disasters

[B] receive all kinds of support from their children

[C] have rich experience in bringing up their offspring

[D] experience watching children grow up

17. According to the text, which of the following is true?

[A] The popularity of gap years results from an increasing number of charities.

[B] Prince William was working hard ring his gap year.

[C] Gap years are not as fashionable as they were ten years ago.

[D] A well-structured gap year is a guarantee of university success.

18. The word “packages” (Line 3, Para. 2) means________.

[A] parcels carried in traveling [B] a comprehensive set of activities

[C] something presented in a particular way [D] charity actions

19. What can cause the disasters of gap years?

[A] Intervention of parents. [B] Irresponsibility of the companies.

[C] A lack of insurance. [D] Low expectation.

20. An 18-year-old is believed to take a meaningful gap year when he/she.________

[A] lives up to his/her parents'expectations

[B] spends time being lazy and doing nothing

[C] learns skills by spending parents'money

[D] earns his or her living and gains working experience

>>>>>>答案解析<<<<<<

核心詞彙

at two weeksnotice 提前兩周通知;at short(a moments) notice隨時，提前很短時間通知 例：We are ready to start at short notice.我們已准備好，接到通知就可以出發。

back?up n./ a. *① 支援(者)，支持(者) ② 備用品 例：a backup plan/system/pilot備用計劃/備用系統/候補飛行員

back up ① 支持(某人)，證實(某說法) ② 備份，復制(磁碟) ③ 向後移動

counterbalance n./v. 平衡，抗衡;平衡抵消物; counter? 前綴，表示“相反的，相對的”如 counter?attack v. 回擊，counterpart n. 地位、職務等相當的人，對等物

look up ① 抬頭看 ② 尊敬，仰望 例：look up to sb. as ones teacher把某人尊為老師 *③ (形勢等)好轉 例：Things are looking up now.情況正在好轉。 ④ (在字典、參考書等中)查尋 例：look up a word in a dictionary在字典中查一個詞

package n. ① 包，盒，袋 *② a set of related things or services sold or offered together(必須整體接受的)一套，一攬子 例：a benefits package 一套福利措施 / an aid package 綜合援助計劃 / package deal 一攬子交易

pick up ① 拾起，拿起 例： pick up the phone拿起話筒 ② (偶然、無意地)獲得(收益、知識、消息等) pick up a tip from my mother 從媽媽那學到一個竅門 ③ 接收(訊號)，收聽(廣播等)例：pick up the BBC World Service 接收英國廣播公司國際廣播節目 *④ (情況等)好轉，改進 例：Trade is picking up nicely.生意很有起色。

structure n. ① 結構，構造，體系 *② a situation in which everything is carefully organized and planned組織性，條理性 例： Kids need some sort of structure to their day. 兒童的日常生活需要有點條理性。

vt. 構造;組織;安排 例：You need to structure your arguments more carefully.你需要更仔細地組織好自己的論據。/ well structured精心組織的，安排周密的

umbrella organization an organization that includes many smaller groups傘狀機構、組織

超綱詞彙

a gap year (中學和大學之間)學業間斷的一年，間斷年

backpack v.背包旅行 例：go backpacking n.背包

blurb n. ① (印在書籍封套上的)簡介 *② 誇大的廣告或介紹詞

hangover n. 遺留的感覺(或風俗、習慣等)(常後跟介詞from) 例：the insecure feeling that was a hangover from her childhood 她兒時留下的不安全感

slob n. 懶惰而邋遢的人 *vi. slob out/around游手好閑，無所事事

toil n.辛苦，勞累;苦活，難事 例：some books are a toil to read.有些書讀起來真費勁。 v.苦幹，辛苦從事(於……) 例：toil at/on ones task辛苦工作

vicarious a. ① 代理的，代表的;代理人的 例：vicarious authority代理的職權 *② (想像別人的苦樂等而)產生同感或共鳴的 例：He got a vicarious thrill out of watching his son score the winning goal.他看到兒子射入致勝一球時，也同樣感到欣喜若狂。

語篇分析

本文題材涉及青少年教育。作者介紹了現在十分時興的“學業間斷年”現象，先分析它存在的問題，然後提出實現一個有意義的學業間斷年的方法。這是一篇現象解釋型文章，按照“提出現象—解釋現象—提出建議”的脈絡展開論述，可以分成三大部分。

第一段為第一部分，提出現象，引入話題。

以父母為切入點，間接提出一種現象：學業間斷年。一方面，由於學業間斷年存在著危機，家庭需要給予孩子各方面的支持。另一方面，父母從孩子身上感受到了一種新的生活方式(vicarious living)，他們看到孩子們①變得更堅強(become tougher);②為大學生活作了更充分的准備(more prepared to benefit from university);③打算做除了獲得學歷之外的事情(do something other than a degree)。

第二、三段為第二部分，解釋現象，分析學業間斷年現象的現狀及存在的問題。

第二段：內容上分成了兩個部分。第一部分指出學業間斷年現在很流行，其表現是：組織團體和公司增多。其原因是：①威廉王子的宣傳效應;②經過十年的發展聲勢逐漸強大。第二部分從with this trend, however... 開始，指出學業間斷年的潛在問題之一：父母干預孩子的成長。其具體表現為：父母組織並資助間斷年期間的活動(start organizing and paying for the gaps)。其原因是：受公司宣傳的影響，以為這個階段對孩子未來的學業和就業都非常重要。

第三段：延續第二段後面部分的內容，引用專家(Richard Oliver)的.觀點，指出學業間斷年存在的第二大問題：缺乏周密的計劃(poor planning)。其表現是：健康問題、從未離開過家、期望與現實不符。解決方法：做好審慎的准備(thoughtful preparation)。

第四、五段為第三部分，提出建議，即讓年輕人自己來組織和安排學業間斷年。

第四段：首先提出要讓學業間斷年具有意義，就應該讓年輕人獨立地做自己喜歡做的事情(the school leaver gets to do the thing that he or she fancies)。接著從反面論證父母的安排不利於孩子真正成熟，該部分舉了兩個例子說明。最後再次重申，行動的安排者應該是學生自己。

第五段列舉了兩個例子，比較度過學業間斷年的兩種不同方式——由父母安排或者自己獨立安排，從而支持了第四段的觀點。

試題命制分析

針對上文的分析，我們可以命制以下幾種題型，從而考查考生的多種閱讀技能。

1. 事實細節題

(1) 針對第一段可以考查父母在學業間斷年的收獲，參見考試題16;也可以間接考查孩子們在學業間斷年的收獲，如：以下哪項是經歷學業間斷年的學生產生的變化?[A] 更成熟、更堅強;[B] 就業目的更明確;[C] 更輕松地完成大學學業;[D] 與父母之間關系更融洽。(答案：[A])

(2) 可以考查學業間斷年一般從事的活動，如，以下哪項不是學業間斷年做的事情?[A] 修建學校;[B] 遠途旅行;[C] 教學工作;[D] 慈善捐款。(答案：[D])

(3) 針對第二段“學業間斷年時興的原因”和“父母主動安排學業間斷年的原因”考查因果細節。另外，由於第二段涉及細節較多，也可以綜合考查，參見試題17。

(4) 綜合第二段和第三段，可以綜合考查學業間斷年出現的問題，參見試題19。

2. 推理引申題

(1) 根據第一段倒數第二句We all wish... ，可以考查推理家長們看待學業間斷年的態度。如：[A] 積極支持;[B] 堅決反對;[C] 不明確;[D] 既不支持也不反對。(答案：[A])

(2) 針對第二段有關威廉王子的例子，可以考查推理作者的寫作意圖。

(3) 針對最後一段的兩個例子，可以考查推理作者舉例的目的，也可以考查推理作者認為實現有意義的學業間斷年的方法。參見試題20。

3. 語言知識題。

(1) 考查第一段超綱詞vicarious在上下文中的含義。

(2) 考查第二段packages一詞的熟詞僻義。參見試題18。

試題精解

16.從第一段可推知經歷學業間斷年的學生的父母可能——。

[A] 幫助孩子准備迎接災難

[B] 從孩子那裡得到各種支持

[C] 在撫養孩子方面有豐富的經驗

[D] 經歷了看著孩子成長的過程

[精解] 答案D本題考查推理引申。第一段論述了經歷學業間斷年的孩子的父母的感受，包括兩個方面：一是由於這個時期的學生需要家庭從經濟上、情感上和體力上給予幫助，因此父母可能有幫助孩子成熟起來的美好經歷;二是父母間接的感受，即看著孩子們變得更堅強，自己做決定，從而成長。由此可知，[D]項是父母可能經歷的。[A]項中出現了原文中的disaster，但含義不同。第一段第二句中disasters指的是“困難，危機”，是下文提到的“孩子需要家庭給予幫助”造成的。[B]項與第一段第二句含義相反。第三句提到，父母有幫助孩子成熟起來的美好經歷，而非[C]項中的rich experience(經驗豐富)。

17.根據文章，下面哪個說法正確?

[A] 學業間斷年的普及是因為慈善機構數目的增長造成的。

[B] 威廉王子在他的學業間斷年期間努力工作。

[C] 現在學業間斷年不像十年前那樣普及了。

[D] 一個精心安排的學業間斷年是大學成功的保證。

[精解] 答案B本題考查事實細節。第二段首句提到，學業間斷年現在很時興，反映在提供它們的慈善團體和私人公司的數目呈巨額增長。[A]項錯在將表現歸為原因。第二句提到，威廉王子在智利吃苦的事情(對間斷年的流行)發揮了作用。由此可推出[B]項正確。第三句提到，(間斷年普及的)趨勢十年來一直在加強。因此排除[C]項。第二段後半部分談到“學業間斷年的時興”帶來的隱患，即一些父母相信公司的介紹，認為精心安排的間斷年對於孩子未來的求學、就業都很重要。因此[D]項是一些公司的宣傳及部分家長的錯誤看法。

18.第二段第三行的單詞packages的含義是——。

[A] 旅行中帶的包裹

[B] 一套綜合的活動

[C] 用特殊方式呈現出來的東西

[D] 慈善行動

[精解] 答案B本題考查詞義。詞義的確定依賴上下文。上文中gap一詞多次出現，指“學業間斷”，下文提到一系列活動，即背包旅行、和慈善團體一起工作、修建醫院和學校、做語言助教教英語。因此gap packages指學業間斷期間學生從事的多種活動。[D]項沒有包括所有的活動，應選[B]項。

19.什麼可能造成學業間斷年出現問題?

[A] 父母的干預。 [B] 公司的不負責任。

[C] 沒有保險。 [D] 期望過低。

[精解] 答案A第二段後半部分論述了隨著學業間斷年的普及而帶來的一個隱患，即父母以為好的間斷年可以決定孩子未來的的求學和就業，因此會主動安排孩子的間斷年，甚至出錢。顯然，這么做妨礙了孩子獨立的成長。[A]項是造成問題的原因。第三段提到另外一個問題是計劃不周，其表現有：健康問題(medical)、從未離開過家、期望與現實不符。[B]和[C]出現了原文中的詞語company和insurance，但其含義與原文已有很大出入;文中只提到“期望與現實不符”，[D]中“過低”一詞無從推知。

20.18歲的年輕人被認為度過了有意義的學業間斷年，當他/她——。

[A] 達到父母的期望

[B] 無所事事

[C] 通過花父母的錢學會技能

[D] 自己謀生並獲得工作經驗

[精解] 答案D本題考查推理引申。第四段首句提到，學業間斷年的意義在於它應該是離校生開始做自己喜歡做的事情的時候。第四段後面部分進一步進行闡述。由父母來決定孩子怎樣成熟，並不能使孩子真正成熟。無所事事的行為也沒有收獲。行動的安排者應是學生自己。第五段舉了兩個截然不同的例子，前者遵照父母的安排，後者自食其力。因此，[D]項符合題意。

全文翻譯

與度過了充滿刺激的學業間斷年的孩子的父母交談，他們的眼神中會有一種含糊不清的東西。這一年中有一些危機，即使是目的明確、很有條理的學生，在間斷年期間也需要家庭從經濟上、情感上和體力上給予幫助。父母眼中的含糊不僅僅是因為讓他們的孩子成熟起來的美好經歷，也是因為他們自己間接感受到的生活方式。我們多希望大學前的間斷年在我們那個時代就已經很時興了。現在，我們能看著孩子們變得更堅強，更好地准備從上大學中有所收獲或者積極地決定他們將做一些除了獲得學歷之外的事情。

學業間斷年現在很時興，這反映在提供它們的慈善團體和私人公司的數目呈巨額增長上。威廉王子在智利吃苦的照片發揮了作用，但這種趨勢十年來一直在加強。學業間斷年期間的一整套活動從背包旅行開始，包括和慈善團體一起工作，修建醫院和學校，以及常見的做語言助教教英語。然而，隨著這種趨勢而來的也有危險。一旦父母相信那些學業間斷年公司介紹的內容，認為精心安排的一個間斷年對於想成為本科生的孩子進入更好的大學、獲得高學歷、得到令人印象深刻的簡歷和待遇良好的工作是至關重要的，那麼他們就會開始組織並資助間斷年期間的活動。

按照學業間斷年公司綜合機構“走出學業間斷年團體”的負責人理查德•奧利弗埃的觀點，出現問題往往是因為計劃不周。他說，“這可能是公司或學生的責任，但是最保險的方法是作好審慎的准備。當人們把它搞砸時，往往是因為健康問題，尤其是女孩，因為她們從未離開過家，或者期望與現實不符”。

學業間斷年的意義在於它應該是離校生開始做自己喜歡做的事情的時候。如果由父母來決定孩子怎樣成熟，那麼他們不會真地變成熟。如果18歲時變成熟的方式是在倫敦漢普斯泰德石南園中無所事事地曬太陽，或者花上一年時間和康沃爾郡的漁夫一起工作，那麼對於後者來說將是有所收獲的。然而，多數人還是認為進行某種安排是有利的，而且行動的安排者應是學生自己。

如果18歲的年輕人兩周前得到父母的通知，被送去加拿大花5,800英鎊學習成為一名滑雪教練，回來後可能只會留下很少的感覺。同樣的18歲的年輕人，先通過工作賺錢，再用一年中剩下的時間在從紐西蘭到瑞士的多個避暑勝地執教，回來後申請大學，這樣的經歷則是完全不同的積極的做法。

;

『伍』 求2012考研英語一的文章翻譯

2012考研英語一 答案(真題文字太多就不附上了,如需要再聯系)

Section I: Use of English
1.B 2.A 3.B 4.D 5.C
6.B 7.D 8.B 9.A 10.B
11.A 12.C 13.C 14.D 15.A
16.C 17.A 18.C 19.D 20.D
Section II: Reading Comprehension
Part A
21.D 22.B 23.A 24.C 25.D
26.C 27.D 28.A 29.D 30.A
31.A 32.B 33.B 34.D 35.C
36.C 37.D 38.B 39.C 40.A
Part B
41. C 42.D 43. A 44.F 45.G
Part C
46. 物理學中的一個理論把這種歸一的沖動發揮到了極致，它探尋一種萬有理論——一個關於我們能看到的一切的生成方程式。
47. 在這里，達爾文主義似乎提供了有力的理由，因為如果全人類有共同的起源，那麼假設文化差異也能夠追溯到更有限的源頭好像就是合理的了。
48. 把差異性和獨特性從共性中過濾出來也許能讓我們理解復雜的文化行為是如何產生的，是什麼從進化或認知領域指導著它。
49. 約書亞格林伯格為尋找語言的共性而付出努力提出了第二種理論。他採用了一個更實用的共性理論，做法是辨認出眾多語言的共有特徵(尤其是按照詞序排列)，這些特徵被認為代表了由認知局限導致的偏差。
50. 喬姆斯基生成語法應該表明語言變化的模式，這些模式獨立於族譜或貫穿其中的路徑，然而格林伯格的共性理論預測詞序關系的特殊類別之間(而不是其他)有著強烈的共存性。
Section III: Writing Part A (10 points) 51. 參考範文 Dear international students, I am the chairman of the Students』 Union. I』ve just received the emails from you and got the news that you would come to our university. Firstly, I』d like to show our warm welcome. On behalf of our university and all the students here, I really look forward to your coming. In order to make all of you feel at home, here are some conctive suggestions. Firstly, you』d better take some warm clothes with you because it is winter in China now and it is very cold in Beijing. Secondly, I advise you to prepare some relevant knowledge about Chinese culture for better understanding in class. I really hope you』ll find these proposals useful. And I』m looking forward to your coming! Yours sincerely, Li Ming Part B (20 points)
52. 參考範文 How vivid the cartoon it is! What the profound cartoon reflects is a not uncommon social phenomenon, from which we can observe that in this cartoon stand two men and a bottle of milk. The 2 men show different perspectives toward the bottle of milk that is place on the ground. According to the information given in the above-mentioned cartoon, the gist of it is regarding how we should perceive the world around us. People tend to show different attitudes towards the issue. Then , what prove to be the underlying reasons for it? The following several reasons stated below can be taken to be responsible for it. First and foremost, that issue is largely having something to do with the current state of people』 mind, without any doubt, some people are born positively, and while some others are born negatively. What is more important is that the outlook and value embodied in society affects how we throw our insights into something we are deal with. As far as my personal thinking is concerned, when it comes to mentioning the issue concerning how to look at the world, what we should do is to observe it positively and confidently, especially when we are experiencing and encountering setbacks, only if we have the above-mentioned proposals adopted, can we be bound to live a life of happiness。

『陸』 考研英語閱讀理解翻譯歷年真題

“I've never met a human worth cloning,” says cloning expert Mark Westhusin from the cramped confines of his lab at Texas A&M University. “It's a stupid endeavor.” That's an interesting choice of adjective, coming from a man who has spent millions of dollars trying to clone a 13-year-old dog named Missy. So far, he and his team have not succeeded, though they have cloned two calves and expect to clone a cat soon. They just might succeed in cloning Missy later this year—or perhaps not for another five years. It seems the reproctive system of man's best friend is one of the mysteries of modern science.

Westhusin's experience with cloning animals leaves him vexed by all this talk of human cloning. In three years of work on the Missyplicity project, using hundreds upon hundreds of canine eggs, the A&M team has proced only a dozen or so embryos carrying Missy's DNA. None have survived the transfer to a surrogate mother. The wastage of eggs and the many spontaneously aborted fetuses may be acceptable when you're dealing with cats or bulls, he argues, but not with humans. “Cloning is incredibly inefficient, and also dangerous,” he says.

Even so, dog cloning is a commercial opportunity, with a nice research payoff. Ever since Dolly the sheep was cloned in 1997, Westhusin's phone at A&M College of Veterinary Medicine has been ringing busily. Cost is no obstacle for customers like Missy's mysterious owner, who wishes to remain unknown to protect his privacy. He's plopped down $3.7 million so far to fund the research because he wants a twin to carry on Missy?s fine qualities after she dies. But he knows her clone may not have her temperament. In a statement of purpose, Missy's owner and the A&M team say they are “both looking forward to studying the ways that her clone differs from Missy.”

The fate of the dog samples will depend on Westhusin's work. He knows that even if he gets a dog viably pregnant, the offspring, should they survive, will face the problems shown at birth by other cloned animals: abnormalities like immature lungs and heart and weight problems. “Why would you ever want to clone humans,” Westhusin asks, “when we?re not even close to getting it worked out in animals yet?” [397 words]

6. Mr. Westhusin thinks cloning is dangerous because_____ .

[A] animals are tortured to death in the experiments

[B]the public has expressed strong disapproval

[C] too many lives are wasted for laboratory use

[D] cloning becomes a quest only for profit

7. What is the problem confronting the Missyplicity project?

[A] The client holds a suspicious view toward it.

[B] There is a lack of funds to support the research.

[C] The owner is unwilling to disclose the information.

[D] Cloning dogs is a difficult biological problem.

8. Which of the following is true about animal cloning?

[A]Few private cloning companies could afford it

[B]Few people have realized its significance.

[C] An exact of a cat or bull can be made.

[D] It is becoming a prosperous instry.

9. From the passage we can infer that _____.

[A] Mr. Westhusin is going to clone a dog soon

[B] scientists are pessimistic about human cloning

[C] human reproctive system has not been understood

[D] rich people are only interested in cloning animals

10. Mr. Westhusin seems to believe that cloning______.

[A] is stupid and should be abandoned [B] has been close to success

[C] should be taken cautiously [D] is now in a dilemma

>>>>>>答案解析<<<<<<

核心詞彙

confines n. limits or borders范圍，界限;邊界 例：the confines of human knowledge 人類的知識范圍 / the confines of family life 家庭生活的范圍

超綱詞彙

aborted a. *① 流產的 ② 出問題的，出故障的

canine a. 犬的，犬科的

cramped a. 狹窄的，擁擠的 例：working in cramped conditions 在擁擠的環境里工作

embryo n. 胚胎

fetus n. 胎，胎兒

Missyplicity n.這是個臨時造的詞，是三個部分的合成：Missy指文中提到的那條狗密斯，

plicate意為“復制”，?ity為名詞後綴

plop vi.&vt.(使)撲通一聲落下 例：Can you plop some ice in my drink? 能在我的飲料中放點冰塊嗎? 文中是比喻用法，指“投入資金”

surrogate n.代理, 代理人,代用品 vt.使代理, 使代替;*surrogate mother 代理母體

veterinary a.獸醫的 例：veterinary medicine/science獸醫學

vexed a.*① 氣惱的，煩惱的 例：the vexed parents of an unruly teenager因孩子難管教而氣惱的父母 ②(問題等)爭論不休的，難於解決的 例：vexed question/issue棘手的問題

viably ad. ① 可實施地，切實可行地 *② 能存活地，能生長發育地

長難句分析

1. That's an interesting choice of adjective, coming from a man who has spent millions of dollars trying to clone a 13-year-old dog named Missy.

該句主幹是That's an interesting choice of adjective。現在分詞短語coming from... 做後置定語，修飾前面的名詞choice，相當於一個定語從句(which is)coming from... ;在分詞短語中，定語從句who... 也做後置定語，修飾先行詞a man。

2. He knows that even if he gets a dog viably pregnant, the offspring, should they survive, will face the problems shown at birth by other cloned animals: abnormalities like immature lungs and heart and weight problems.

該句主幹是He knows that... 。that引導的賓語從句是一個主從復合句，且從句位於主句之前，主句是the offspring will face the problems... ;從句是讓步狀語從句：even if he gets a dog viably pregnant;should they survive是個省略了if的條件狀語從句，為插入語，修飾主句。另外，主句的賓語the problems後接有過去分詞短語shown... 做後置定語，相當於一個定義從句(that)are shown... ;冒號後的名詞短語做the problems的同位語。

語篇分析

本文題材涉及生物技術。作者從克隆動物這個角度間接論證克隆人的不可行性，主張應該慎重對待克隆人研究。它是一篇觀點論證型文章，按照“提出觀點—論證觀點—重申觀點”的脈絡展開論述，可分成三部分。

第一段為第一部分，提出觀點：克隆人是不可行的。

引用專家Mark Westhusin和一位試圖克隆其愛犬的富人的話(never met a human worth cloning，a stupid endeavor)表達作者的觀點。接著介紹Mark Westhusin所進行的克隆動物的實驗(two calves，a cat and a dog)，並特別指出對狗的克隆最具難度(one of the mysteries of modern science)。

第二、三段為第二部分，論證觀點。

第二段：指出Mark Westhusin克隆動物的經驗使他極力反對克隆人(vexed by talking of human cloning)。首句是段落主題句。段中詳細介紹了一個克隆狗的項目(the Missyplicity project)中出現的狀況：①從成百上千的卵中只獲得一打左右基因匹配的胚胎;②轉移到母體時沒有一個胚胎存活下來。從這些細節中可以推出，克隆是低效而且危險的。這在末句“Cloning is incredibly inefficient, and also dangerous”得到了證實。該段最後還給出了Mark Westhusin的觀點：動物實驗中的浪費現象在人的研究中不能被接受。因此，該段將Mark Westhusin反對克隆人的態度表露無疑。

『柒』 為什麼考研英語的閱讀理解的中文翻譯那麼晦澀難懂

考研英語閱讀部分來的內容專業性很強自，都是些科技類科研類的，詞彙也都是比較生僻，平時不容易 接觸的，所以這就是為什麼考研英語比較難，不是生活化的內容，通常都是一些專刊，文獻，科技類的一些文摘之類的文章，平時可以多做這方面的閱讀練習，掌握考研詞彙。

『捌』 求14 和15年的考研英語一閱讀的全文翻譯

考研英語大綱，http://www.kuakao.com/html/63/n-496063.html
http://yz.kuakao.com/bkgl/n-496353.html
紅寶書真題的網頁版，可能會有翻譯什專么的，書屬里的解析應該也會有的，

『玖』 求：2013年考研英語一：閱讀、新題型和翻譯、完型的全文中文譯文。謝謝

text1
在 2006年的電影《穿普拉達的女魔頭》中，梅麗爾·斯特里普扮演的米蘭達•普瑞斯特利指責她那毫無吸引 力的助理認為高級時裝並未感染到她。Priestly解釋了這些年來，助理毛衫的那種深藍色是如何從時尚秀場走向 百貨商店，又走向廉價服裝店的，無疑，這個窮女孩的衣服就是在那兒買的。
時尚業這種自上而下的概念已經過時了，與伊麗莎白·克萊恩在《過分打扮》一書中所描繪的狂熱世界存 在著差異。這本書是她長達三年對「快速時尚」的控訴。近十年的時間中，技術進步使得大規模市場品牌，如 Zara, H&M 和優衣庫等對於潮流趨勢的反應更加速度，並且能更精確預測市場需求。快速的轉變意味著浪費的 庫存減少了，新品發布更加頻繁，並且能獲得更大的利潤。這些品牌鼓勵那些有時尚意識的顧客們將服裝視作 是一次性的——也就是只洗一兩次就不要了，盡管這些品牌並未宣傳這一點——並且鼓勵他們每隔幾周就更新 自己的衣櫃。通過提供非常便宜的時尚單品，克萊恩認為，這些品牌掠奪了時尚圈，撼動了這個早就適應了季 節性周期的行業。
這次革新的受害者們，當然，不僅僅限於設計師們。對 H&M 來說，要在全球 2300多家店裡銷售價格 5.95 美元的針織迷你裙，它必須依賴於低廉的海外勞動力，必須成批大量訂購，而這使得自然資源緊張，並且使用 數量眾多的有害化學品。
《過分打扮》是時尚界對和邁克爾·波倫《雜食者的困境》一書一樣，維護消費者權益積極分子的暢銷書 所作出的最好回應。「批量生產的服裝，就像快餐一樣，能夠滿足飢餓與需求，然而不是持久的而且非常浪費。」 克萊恩認為。她發現，美國人每年約購買 200億服裝——平均每人 64件——無論有多少衣服被他們送出去，
這種過度購買還是會導致浪費。
《過分打扮》接近尾聲的時候，克萊恩介紹了一位典範：一個叫莎拉·凱特·博蒙特的布魯克林女性。博蒙特
7
自 2008 年起，所有衣服都是自己縫制的——並且都很漂亮。但也正如克萊恩一開始提到的：博蒙特花費了 10年時
間去完善自己的工藝，她的案例是無法被打敗的。
盡管幾家快速時尚公司都努力抑制他們對於勞動力和環境產生的影響——比如 H&M 有環保自覺行動生產 線——克萊恩相信，只有消費者才能實現持續性的變化。無論在食物還是能源方面，她都表現出許多可持續發 展的倡導者常有的理想主義。虛榮是永恆的；只有消費不起的時候，人們才可能開始可持續性消費。

『拾』 做考研英語真題後，翻譯近30多篇真題閱讀，這樣做對其它題型幫助大嗎

有用，非常有用！！！
每天一篇，逐句翻譯，你能發現自己到底是長難句有問題還是單純的詞彙問題。把翻譯不出來或者翻譯的很糟糕的句子拿出來，最後一個星期反復寫，進步很快。