歷年山東高考英語閱讀
『壹』 高考英語閱讀理解題解題技巧詳解
高考英語閱讀理解題解題技巧詳解
英語閱讀理解題的難度在不斷增大，考生們也大多知難而進。下面是我為大家帶來的高考英語閱讀理解題解題技巧，歡迎閱讀。
一、四選一型閱讀
高考閱讀不同文體按照題型分類主要分為五大類：細節題、推理題、主旨大意題、詞義句意猜測題、結構順序題。
1、細節題解題技巧
細節題，顧名思義，就是指針對文章的某個細節而設置的試題。細節題的命題方法很多，如可能是對某個細節用同義結構轉換後進行考查、也可能是將文章中的幾個細節（通常是四個）放在一起要求考生判斷是非（選出正確的一項或選出錯誤的一項）或對幾個細節進行排序等。解答這類試題時，一個常用的方法就是運用定位法，即根據題干或選項中的線索詞從原文中找到相關的句子，與選項進行比較從而確定答案（此時要特別注意一些常見的同義轉換）。
現在圍繞上述的定位理論，引申出幾個小的技巧：
（1） 關鍵信息定位法。這個主要是細節題，如涉及到數字（日期、時間、價格等），就可以在文章中快速圈出數字，再找出目標數字及相對應的細節作息，還有人物姓名、地點名詞等等，其他的還包括一些提示情節發展，或條綱性關鍵字眼，如First， Next， Finally等等。
As a young girl growing up in the 1930s， I always wanted to fly a plane， but back then it was almost unheard of for a woman to do that. I got a taste of that dream in 2011，when my husband arranged for me to ride in a hot air balloon for my birthday. （2011年高考英語北京A篇）
What happened to the author in 2011？
A. She flew an airplane
B. She entered a competition
C. She went on a hot air balloon ride
D. She moved into a retirement community
解析：此題屬典型細節題，通過題干中的時間in 2011不難定位到文中粗體字部分，很容易可以鎖定正解為C。
（2） 同義定位法。英文中可以用Paraphrase表示。同義定位就是指問題所用的關鍵詞和文中的不一致，但屬於同義性質，同義轉換其實是在關鍵間的基礎上拐了個彎。
He longs for conversations with an editor who will help him turn his good ideas into great ones. He wants someone to get excited about what he's doing and to help him turn his story idea upside down and inside out， exploring the best ways to report it. He wants to be more valuable for your paper. （2010年高考英語北京B篇）
What does the reporter want most from his editors in their talks？
A. Finding the news value of his stories.
B. Giving him financial support.
C. Helping him to find issues.
D. Improving his good ideas.
解析：此題屬細節題，定位方式為同義定位法。題干中的talks和文章中conversations對應，而want most和longs for對應，這樣不難得出答案為D。
小結：在閱讀中，精準快速的定位加上正確的理解力才能保證做題的量與質。定位法是需要在做題的過程中有意識的培養的，做題的技巧也是可以總結的，關鍵是要自覺培養這種分析歸納和總結的意識以及能力。
2、推理題解題技巧
推斷題定義：在理解原文字面意思的基礎上，通過對語篇邏輯關系的分析和細節的暗示，做出一定的判斷和推理，從而得到文章的深層意義及隱含意義的過程。
出現特徵：在考題中經常出現的詞有infer， imply， indicate， conclude， learn from， probably， most likely， prove /according to等。
She turned up at the doorstep of my house in Cornwall. No way could I have sent her away. No way， not me anyway. Maybe someone had kicked her out of their car the night before. 「We're moving house.'； 「No space for her any more with the baby coming.」 「We never really wanted her， but what could we have done？ She was a present.」 People find all sorts of excuses for abandoning an animal. And she was one of the most beautiful dogs I had ever seen.
How did the author feel about Goldie when Goldie came to the house？ （2010年高考英語北京A篇）
A. Shocked. B. Sympathetic. C. Annoyed. D. Upset.
解析：由題目得知：是考察作者的態度題。首先定位到文章作者的話語和行為，即
（1） No way could I have sent her away. No way， not me anyway.
（2） We never really wanted her， but what could we have done？ She was a present.「
（3） People find all sorts of excuses for abandoning an animal. And she was one of the most beautiful dogs I had ever seen.
可知作者對它是正的情感，排除C，D.再由作者對它的不舍，答案選B
3、主旨大意題解題技巧
Topic/Title型-使用逆推法
（1） 要在閱讀原文基礎上，仔細考慮選項是否與文章主題有密切聯系
（2） 再看選項對文章的概括性或覆蓋面如何
（3） 要注意題目是否過大或者過小
（4） 要避免下列三種錯誤
概括不夠（多表現為部分代整體，導致范圍過小）
過度概括（多表現為擴大范圍）
以事實、細節代替抽象概括的大意。
Federal regulators Wednesday approved a plan to create a nationwide emergency alert （警報） system using text messages delivered to cell phones.
Text messages have been popular in recent years， particularly among young people. The wireless instry's trade association， CTIA， estimates（估計） more than 48 billion text messages are sent each month.
The plan comes from the Warning Alert and Response Network Act， a 2006 federal law that requires improvements to the nation's emergency alert system. The act tasked the Federal Communications Commission （FCC） with coming up with new ways to alert the public about emergencies.
「The ability to deliver accurate and timely warnings and alerts through cell phones and other mobile services is an important next step in our efforts to help ensure that the American public has the information they need to take action to protect themselves and their families before， and ring， disasters and other emergencies，」 FCC Chairman Kevin Martin said， following approval of the plan.
Participation in the alert system by carriers -telecommunications companies is voluntary， but it has received support from the wireless instry.
The program would be optional for cell phone users. They also may not be charged for receiving alerts.
There would be three different types of messages， according to the rules.
The first would be a national alert from the president， likely involving a natural disaster. The second would involve 「approaching threats」， which could include natural disasters like hurricanes or storms or even university shootings. The third would be for child abction （綁架） emergencies， or so-called Amber Alerts.
The service could be in place by 2010.（ 2008年高考英語山東卷B篇）
66. Which of the following would be the best title for the text？
A. Cell Phone Alerts Protecting Students
B. Cell Phone Alerts by Wireless Instry
C. Cell Phone Alerts of National Disasters
D. Cell Phone Alerts Coming Soon
解析：D。主旨大意題。第一段開門見山，提出將創建一個全國性的簡訊警報系統；最後一段重申主題，對這種新系統的未來進行展望。因此最准確的標題是D。A項錯在protecting students；B項錯在by wireless instry；C項錯在National Disasters。
4、詞義句意題解題技巧
要求考生通過閱讀上下文，結合中學生應有的賞識來推測尚不熟悉的詞或者片語的意思。出現特徵：劃線或者引號
解題方法之一：根據上下文，往往是本句中的同位關系進行猜測。
Weeks later， standing before this unfriendly mass， I was totally lost. Oh well， I lowered the paper and sat down at my desk， burning to find out what I had done wrong. As a classmate began his report， it all became clear， 「My report is on George Washington， the man who started the American Revolution.」 The whole world became quite！ How could I know that she meant that George Washington？
62. The underlined word 「burning」 in Para. 3 probably means _______.（2012年北京，B篇，62，答案D）
A. annoyed B. ashamed C. ready D. eager
解析：從burning這個詞來說，意為「發熱的，強烈的，燃燒的`」，後面緊跟動詞片語「find out」說明在尋找時刻的心情是很緊張和急迫的，最後是一個賓語從句，是我曾經做錯過什麼，那麼這個題目顯然就是選擇和「渴望的，熱切的」詞義，顯然為D選項。
5、結構順序題解題技巧
常見提問方式：
How is the passage organized？
Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage？
The author develops the passage mainly by….
解題思路：
（1） 注意主題段。主題段通常在文章的開頭，簡要概括文章的中心思想，
（2） 找出或者總結每段的主題句。主題句可能在段落的開頭，也可能出現在段落的中間或末尾。如何確定主題句的方法見主旨題之main idea型。
（3） 最後根據每段主題確定段與段之間的結構關系，承上啟下，使文章行文連貫，邏輯嚴密。為突出主題，作者可能採用不同的寫作手法來組織文章，通過舉例、比較、類比等手法來透徹闡明主題觀點。
The Diet Zone： A Dangerous Place
Diet Coke， diet Pepsi， diet pills， no-fat diet， vegetable diet… We are surrounded by the word 「diet」 everywhere we look and listen. We have so easily been attracted by the promise and potential of diet procts that we have stopped thinking about what diet procts are doing to us. We are paying for procts that harm us psychologically and physically（身體上）.
Diet procts significantly weaken us psychologically. On one level， we are not allowing our brain to admit that our weight problems lie not in actually losing the weight， but in controlling the consumption of fatty， high-calorie， unhealthy foods. Diet procts allow us to jump over the thinking stage and go straight for the scale（秤）instead. All we have to do is to swallow or recognize the word 「diet」 in food labels.
On another level， diet procts have greater psychological effects. Every time we have a zero-calorie drink， we are telling ourselves without our awareness that we don't have to work to get results. Diet procts make people believe that gain comes without pain， and that life can be without resistance and struggle.
The danger of diet procts lies not only in the psychological effects they have on us， but also in the physical harm that they cause. Diet foods can indirectly harm our bodies because consuming them instead of healthy foods means we are preventing our bodies from having basic nutrients（營養成分）. Diet foods and diet pills contain zero calories only because the diet instry has created chemicals to proce these wonder procts. Diet procts may not be nutritional， and the chemical that go into diet procts are potentially dangerous.
Now that we are aware of the effects that diet procts have on us， it is time to seriously think about buying them. Losing weight lies in the power of minds， not in the power of chemicals. Once we realize this， we will be much better able to resist diet procts， and therefore prevent the psychological harm that comes from using them. （2008高考英語北京卷E篇）
75. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage？
解析：文章第一段點明節食產品在誤導人們；第二段說明節食產品對人們心理上的影響；第三段說明節食產品誤導人們認為不費勁就可以減肥，即對人們身體上的危害；第四段說明節食產品的危害；第五段說明人們應該慎重對待節食產品，故從文章結構上看應該是B項正確。
二、七選五型閱讀
考生需要在語篇信息存在缺失的情況下，准確理解整篇文章，特別是設題部位前後句的邏輯關系，通過上下文的線索進行判斷，預測下文，然後做出正確判斷。
命題分析：我們如果把整篇文章看成一個信息群，這個信息群實際上是由兩大信息版塊構成的：
已知信息：原文在五處空缺之外的沒有被挖掉的信息
待選信息：七個待選選項中的信息
這兩個信息板塊間絕不是孤立的，而是有緊密的互動邏輯關系，連起來是一篇完整的文章。
考試題型對學生的考察能力來看無外乎兩個方面：
（1） 把握整篇文章的布局和邏輯層次關系
（2） 把握微觀信息間關聯性（即空格前後句間關系）
解題方法：詞彙同現、詞彙復現、代詞妙用、數字線索、邏輯線索。
Muzak
The next time you go into a bank， a store， or a supermarket， stop and listen. What do you hear？ _____ （71） It's similar to the music you listen to， but it's not exactly the same. That's because this music was especially designed to relax you， or to give you extra energy. Sometimes you don't even realize the music is playing， but you react to the music anyway.
Quiet background music used to be called 「elevator （電梯） music」 because we often heard it in elevators. But lately we hear it in more and more places， and it has a new name 「Muzak」. About one-third of the people in America listen to 「Muzak」 everyday. The music plays for 15 minutes at a time， with short pauses in between. It is always more lively between ten and eleven in the morning， and between three and four in the afternoon， when people are more tired.______ （72）
If you listen to Muzak carefully， you will probably recognize the names of many of the songs. Some musicians or songwriters don't want their songs to be used as Muzak， but others are happy when their songs are chosen. Why？ _____ （73）
Music is often played in public places because it is designed to make people feel less lonely when they are in an airport or a hotel. It has been proven that Muzak does what it is designed to do. Tired office workers suddenly have more energy when they hear the pleasant sound of Muzak in the background. _____ （74）Supermarket shoppers buy 38 percent more groceries.
_____ （75）They say it's boring to hear the same songs all the time. But other people enjoy hearing Muzak in public places. They say it helps them relax and feel calm. One way or another， Muzak affects everyone. Some farmers even say their cows give more milk when they hear Muzak！（ 2010年高考英語北京卷）
A. Some people don't like Muzak.
B. The music gives them extra energy.
C. Music is playing in the background.
D. Factory workers proce 13 percent more.
E. Muzak tends to help people understand music better.
F. They ge t as much as $4 million a year if their songs are used.
G. Muzak is played in most of the big supermarkets in the world.
答案：CBFDA
代詞妙用：代詞指代前面提到的thing， 所以只要找到與代詞含義一致的詞就可搞定。
71空格後面出現「It's similar to the music you listen to，」那麼我們只要分析出其中的「it」的具體指代即可，通過題目及略讀下文，我們很容易知道該文介紹一種音樂，而且第一段故作懸念，一直未給出其名字，所以我們只要找到選項中包含音樂一詞而沒有點名繆扎克一詞的即可，很容易鎖定BC選項，因為B項意義與下文相去甚遠，故舍B取C沒商量。
75空格後出現「They say it's boring to hear the same songs all the time.」，同理，我們就要確定「they」的具體指代，首先由於「say」的出現，我們鎖定「they」為人的復數，所以輕松鎖定ADF，所謂真金不怕火來煉，D顯然邏輯不通，F由於其主語也為人，段落第一句永遠不會出現意思不明的代詞（we， you 除外，因為它們可以明確指代廣義的人），故輕松排除F選出真金A。
72此題雖然不是明顯的後文出現代詞，但其前亦有代詞出現，「It is always more lively between ten and eleven in the morning，」下文承接上文，肯定有聯系，找出「it」的具體指代-the music， 輕松選出B項。（註：也可應用詞彙復現法）
詞彙復現法：情非得已時選擇的一種方法，知道與前後文中有詞彙重復的選項即可，有時也可指含義一致的詞彙，如72
73前文中「but others are happy when their songs are chosen」有「their songs」， F項亦有相同詞彙出現，放進去，意思通曉明白，搞定。
74後文中「Supermarket shoppers buy 38 percent more groceries.有」percent more「，D項亦有相同詞彙出現，且意思連貫，選出即可。
72題中前句中出現」when people are more tired. 「能夠與」tired「相對應的四選項中只有」energy「，累了對應能量，亦可做出此題。
;『貳』 高考英語閱讀答題技巧「四選一」
2017年高考英語閱讀答題技巧「四選一」
高考英語閱讀理解常見的題目形式是四選一，顧名思義，就是從四個備選答案中選出符合題目要求的答案。為了幫助大家備考，我整理了一些答題技巧，希望能幫到大家!
1、細節題解題技巧
細節題，顧名思義，就是指針對文章的某個細節而設置的試題。細節題的命題方法很多，如可能是對某個細節用同義結構轉換後進行考查、也可能是將文章中的幾個細節(通常是四個)放在一起要求考生判斷是非(選出正確的一項或選出錯誤的一項)或對幾個細節進行排序等。解答這類試題時，一個常用的方法就是運用定位法，即根據題干或選項中的線索詞從原文中找到相關的句子，與選項進行比較從而確定答案(此時要特別注意一些常見的同義轉換)。
現在圍繞上述的定位理論，引申出幾個小的技巧：
(1) 關鍵信息定位法。這個主要是細節題，如涉及到數字(日期、時間、價格等)，就可以在文章中快速圈出數字，再找出目標數字及相對應的細節作息，還有人物姓名、地點名詞等等，其他的還包括一些提示情節發展，或條綱性關鍵字眼，如First， Next， Finally等等。
As a young girl growing up in the 1930s， I always wanted to fly a plane， but back then it was almost unheard of for a woman to do that. I got a taste of that dream in 2011，when my husband arranged for me to ride in a hot air balloon for my birthday. (2011年高考英語北京A篇)
What happened to the author in 2011?
A. She flew an airplane
B. She entered a competition
C. She went on a hot air balloon ride
D. She moved into a retirement community
解析：此題屬典型細節題，通過題干中的時間in 2011不難定位到文中粗體字部分，很容易可以鎖定正解為C。
(2) 同義定位法。英文中可以用Paraphrase表示。同義定位就是指問題所用的關鍵詞和文中的不一致，但屬於同義性質，同義轉換其實是在關鍵間的基礎上拐了個彎。
He longs for conversations with an editor who will help him turn his good ideas into great ones. He wants someone to get excited about what he's doing and to help him turn his story idea upside down and inside out， exploring the best ways to report it. He wants to be more valuable for your paper. (2010年高考英語北京B篇)
What does the reporter want most from his editors in their talks?
A. Finding the news value of his stories.
B. Giving him financial support.
C. Helping him to find issues.
D. Improving his good ideas.
解析：此題屬細節題，定位方式為同義定位法。題干中的talks和文章中conversations對應，而want most和longs for對應，這樣不難得出答案為D。
小結：在閱讀中，精準快速的定位加上正確的理解力才能保證做題的量與質。定位法是需要在做題的過程中有意識的培養的，做題的技巧也是可以總結的，關鍵是要自覺培養這種分析歸納和總結的意識以及能力。
2、推理題解題技巧
推斷題定義：在理解原文字面意思的基礎上，通過對語篇邏輯關系的分析和細節的暗示，做出一定的判斷和推理，從而得到文章的深層意義及隱含意義的過程。
出現特徵：在考題中經常出現的詞有infer， imply， indicate， conclude， learn from， probably， most likely， prove /according to等。
She turned up at the doorstep of my house in Cornwall. No way could I have sent her away. No way， not me anyway. Maybe someone had kicked her out of their car the night before. “We're moving house.'; “No space for her any more with the baby coming.” “We never really wanted her， but what could we have done? She was a present.” People find all sorts of excuses for abandoning an animal. And she was one of the most beautiful dogs I had ever seen.
How did the author feel about Goldie when Goldie came to the house? (2010年高考英語北京A篇)
A. Shocked. B. Sympathetic. C. Annoyed. D. Upset.
解析：由題目得知：是考察作者的態度題。首先定位到文章作者的話語和行為，即
(1) No way could I have sent her away. No way， not me anyway.
(2) We never really wanted her， but what could we have done? She was a present.“
(3) People find all sorts of excuses for abandoning an animal. And she was one of the most beautiful dogs I had ever seen.
可知作者對它是正的情感，排除C，D.再由作者對它的不舍，答案選B
3、主旨大意題解題技巧
Topic/Title型-使用逆推法
(1) 要在閱讀原文基礎上，仔細考慮選項是否與文章主題有密切聯系
(2) 再看選項對文章的概括性或覆蓋面如何
(3) 要注意題目是否過大或者過小
(4) 要避免下列三種錯誤
概括不夠(多表現為部分代整體，導致范圍過小)
過度概括(多表現為擴大范圍)
以事實、細節代替抽象概括的大意。
Federal regulators Wednesday approved a plan to create a nationwide emergency alert (警報) system using text messages delivered to cell phones.
Text messages have been popular in recent years， particularly among young people. The wireless instry's trade association， CTIA， estimates(估計) more than 48 billion text messages are sent each month.
The plan comes from the Warning Alert and Response Network Act， a 2006 federal law that requires improvements to the nation's emergency alert system. The act tasked the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) with coming up with new ways to alert the public about emergencies.
“The ability to deliver accurate and timely warnings and alerts through cell phones and other mobile services is an important next step in our efforts to help ensure that the American public has the information they need to take action to protect themselves and their families before， and ring， disasters and other emergencies，” FCC Chairman Kevin Martin said， following approval of the plan.
Participation in the alert system by carriers -telecommunications companies is voluntary， but it has received support from the wireless instry.
The program would be optional for cell phone users. They also may not be charged for receiving alerts.
There would be three different types of messages， according to the rules.
The first would be a national alert from the president， likely involving a natural disaster. The second would involve “approaching threats”， which could include natural disasters like hurricanes or storms or even university shootings. The third would be for child abction (綁架) emergencies， or so-called Amber Alerts.
The service could be in place by 2010.( 2008年高考英語山東卷B篇)
66. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A. Cell Phone Alerts Protecting Students
B. Cell Phone Alerts by Wireless Instry
C. Cell Phone Alerts of National Disasters
D. Cell Phone Alerts Coming Soon
解析：D。主旨大意題。第一段開門見山，提出將創建一個全國性的簡訊警報系統;最後一段重申主題，對這種新系統的未來進行展望。因此最准確的標題是D。A項錯在protecting students;B項錯在by wireless instry;C項錯在National Disasters。
4、詞義句意題解題技巧
要求考生通過閱讀上下文，結合中學生應有的賞識來推測尚不熟悉的詞或者片語的意思。出現特徵：劃線或者引號
解題方法之一：根據上下文，往往是本句中的同位關系進行猜測。
Weeks later， standing before this unfriendly mass， I was totally lost. Oh well， I lowered the paper and sat down at my desk， burning to find out what I had done wrong. As a classmate began his report， it all became clear， “My report is on George Washington， the man who started the American Revolution.” The whole world became quite! How could I know that she meant that George Washington?
62. The underlined word “burning” in Para. 3 probably means _______.(2012年北京，B篇，62，答案D)
A. annoyed B. ashamed C. ready D. eager
解析：從burning這個詞來說，意為“發熱的`，強烈的，燃燒的”，後面緊跟動詞片語“find out”說明在尋找時刻的心情是很緊張和急迫的，最後是一個賓語從句，是我曾經做錯過什麼，那麼這個題目顯然就是選擇和“渴望的，熱切的”詞義，顯然為D選項。
5、結構順序題解題技巧
常見提問方式：
How is the passage organized?
Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?
The author develops the passage mainly by….
解題思路：
(1) 注意主題段。主題段通常在文章的開頭，簡要概括文章的中心思想，
(2) 找出或者總結每段的主題句。主題句可能在段落的開頭，也可能出現在段落的中間或末尾。如何確定主題句的方法見主旨題之main idea型。
(3) 最後根據每段主題確定段與段之間的結構關系，承上啟下，使文章行文連貫，邏輯嚴密。為突出主題，作者可能採用不同的寫作手法來組織文章，通過舉例、比較、類比等手法來透徹闡明主題觀點。
The Diet Zone： A Dangerous Place
Diet Coke， diet Pepsi， diet pills， no-fat diet， vegetable diet… We are surrounded by the word “diet” everywhere we look and listen. We have so easily been attracted by the promise and potential of diet procts that we have stopped thinking about what diet procts are doing to us. We are paying for procts that harm us psychologically and physically(身體上).
Diet procts significantly weaken us psychologically. On one level， we are not allowing our brain to admit that our weight problems lie not in actually losing the weight， but in controlling the consumption of fatty， high-calorie， unhealthy foods. Diet procts allow us to jump over the thinking stage and go straight for the scale(秤)instead. All we have to do is to swallow or recognize the word “diet” in food labels.
On another level， diet procts have greater psychological effects. Every time we have a zero-calorie drink， we are telling ourselves without our awareness that we don't have to work to get results. Diet procts make people believe that gain comes without pain， and that life can be without resistance and struggle.
The danger of diet procts lies not only in the psychological effects they have on us， but also in the physical harm that they cause. Diet foods can indirectly harm our bodies because consuming them instead of healthy foods means we are preventing our bodies from having basic nutrients(營養成分). Diet foods and diet pills contain zero calories only because the diet instry has created chemicals to proce these wonder procts. Diet procts may not be nutritional， and the chemical that go into diet procts are potentially dangerous.
Now that we are aware of the effects that diet procts have on us， it is time to seriously think about buying them. Losing weight lies in the power of minds， not in the power of chemicals. Once we realize this， we will be much better able to resist diet procts， and therefore prevent the psychological harm that comes from using them. (2008高考英語北京卷E篇)
75. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?
題目
解析：文章第一段點明節食產品在誤導人們;第二段說明節食產品對人們心理上的影響;第三段說明節食產品誤導人們認為不費勁就可以減肥，即對人們身體上的危害;第四段說明節食產品的危害;第五段說明人們應該慎重對待節食產品，故從文章結構上看應該是B項正確。
;『叄』 求翻譯 2006高考山東英語E卷閱讀題 pittsburgh for most people,snakes seem unpleasant oreven 原文如下
匹茲堡報道來，蛇看起來挺自嚇人的，Howie Choset卻從delicate的蛇行中受到啟發，開發搜救技術這位37歲的卡內基大學教授歷經數年研發蛇形機器人。目的是，在自然災害或者意外事故中，在倒塌的建築物廢墟下搜尋倖存者。
『肆』 2008年山東高考閱讀表達試題~~急求英語高手幫忙解答！附答案，主要求答案解析~~~
高考沒改題型吧？77，78，79沒有選項嗎？
有的話就簡單了
76題的答案在專第一段屬The word addiction usually makes you think of alcohol or drugs/Some people are compulsive (難以自製的) shoppers. Others find it impossible to pull themselves away from their work. Still others spend countless hours watching TV or playing computer games
77題的答案在第三段的The question is: why do they have this addiction?整段始終在說為什麼會造成這樣。。
78題第四段第一句說狂熱購物看起來並沒有害，但是。。。這個轉折應該寫不好的一面了，至於什麼不好，就得自己想了，答案很好的說：）~~
79題問題的意思是因此，那些瘋狂購物者應該去一個確定的組織幫忙強制性去除她們愛購物的隱~~~所以和答案那句話正好意思一樣
不知道有沒有 幫到你
『伍』 2009年高考山東英語試題一道閱讀理解問題
根據文章上下文，應該表達的意思是希望人們不要去養成吸煙的習慣。
a discard 源自「dis＋card棄牌」 意思是版放棄，不再做某事－－權這是一種選擇
b remove 本意「re＋move移走」 引申為「去除，免職」－－這是一種動作，同時意思上也不合理
『陸』 09年山東英語高考試題及答案
1. What do the speakers need touy?
A.A fridge. A dinner table. C.A few chairs.
2. Where are the spaker?
A.IN A RESTAURANT. B. In a hotel. C.In a school.
A. Cathy will be alll the party.
B. Catty is too busy to come.
C. Cathy is going to be invited
4.Why does the woman plan to go to
A. TO pay her hills in the bank.
B. To buy books in a bookstore.
C. To get some money from the bank.
5.What is woman trying to do?
A. Finish some writing.
B. Print an article.
C. Find a newspaper
第二節 （共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）
聽下面5段對話每段對話後有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，並標在試卷相應位置。聽每段對話前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鍾；聽完後，各小題給出5秒鍾的作答時間。每題對話讀兩遍。
聽下面一段對話，回答6和第7兩個小題。
6. What is the man doing?
A. Changing seat on the plane.
B. Asking for a window seat.
C. Trying to find his seat.
7.What is the woman』s seat number?
A.6A B.7A C.8A
聽下面一段對話，回答第8和第9兩個小題。
8.Wheat the woman take the green T-shirt?
A.It』s too small B.It』s too dark. C.It』s too expeansice.
9.What does the woman buy trpend?
A.A yellow? B.A pink T-kint C. A pink T-shirt
聽下面一段對話，回答第10至第12三個小題。
10.How long has man heen in londom?
A.One year. B.A few years. C.A young months
11.Why did the woman leave her homelown?
A.a cty lifc.
B.To open a restaurant
C.To find a job
12.Where did the woman come from?
A.London B.Amside. C.Lancastar
聽下面一段對話，回答第13至第16四個小題
13.What is a daypack?
A.A box. B. C.A lock.
14.What surprisecs the girl at school.
A.A lot of discussions in clas
B.Teachers giving little homework
C.Few students asking quesnons in class
15.At what time of the school term es the converaticn incl probald take phone?
A.At the end of it.
B.In the middle.
C.At the begirrang of it.
16.What do we know about the girl
A.She is new to the school.
B.She wrntes for the school newspaper.
C.She seldom asks quesitms in class.
聽下面一段對話，回答第17至第20四個小題
17.What does Mr. Hear, Stone do?
A.A bank clerk. B.ber C.A writet.
18.What does Henry like doing at
A.Watching people
B.Telling stories.
C.Reading magazines.
19.What did Henry learn from the newspaper that day?
A.A valuable suitcase was thissing
B.A man stole money from a bank.
C.A woman ran away from home.
20.Why was the woman at the airport?
A.She was traveling on businese.
B.She was seeing the man off.
C.She was leaving for Greece.
第二部分 英語知識運用（共兩節，滿分35分）
第一節 語法和詞語知識（共15小題，每小題1分，滿分15分）
從A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，並在答題卡上將該項塗黑。
例：Mr Smnh owns collertinn of roins than anyone else I have ever mel.
A.tareer B.a lare C.the larger D.gnarge
答案是B
21.¬¬— John and I wall celebrm onr foctietl wodling annershry next month.
— Oh. !
A.there up B.well then C.goheml D.congratulation
22.We are nited to a party next Frdny.
A.hetd B.little C.beng hcld D.halding
23.I felt so all yetecday that this mering I coul facet day like
A.other B.another C.the D.others
24.Wherer I met her, farly often, shy me with a swecl smile.
A.why B. C.when D.that
25.The of eniverstips rising stcadily smee
A. B.air C.has been D.have been
26. — Be have b all
Oh has, rnouch and to spend
A.coen B.spend C.hill D.offer
27.Su subben that the eten had no tinnr to esape.
A.did the B.the attack did
C.was the attul D.the attack was
28.The little girl whe get lest drirded to reman she was and wnit for her mother.
A.whe B.what C.how D.who
29. — He say. That my nex car moose.
— Don』t you think otost sup grapes
A.laek B.loat C.queston D.wasce
30. — Poor seve! I sould lemlly tccgni him just new!
— He has changed much.
A.Never min,j B.No unfilem
C.Not us all D.Me nether
31.Amy joined a painting group but didn』t seem to , so she left.
A.sh B.go up C.fil in D.come over
32. —Shall have our picnic tomorrow?
— it doesn』t min.
A.Until B.While C.Once D.If
33.It saves time in the kitchen his wnines use a lot easy mach
A.near B.upon C.within D.untl
34.I was out of torn are me time so I know exactly how it
A.was happens B.happened C.happens D.has happened
35.Mary and I see each other ,but not as often we ased to
A.sooner or later B. once in a while C.in the end D.more or less
第二節 完形填空（共20小題；每小題10分，滿分20分）
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然後從36~55各題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中選出最佳選項，並在答題卡上將該項塗黑。
Even though it was only October,my studcnts were already whispenring about Christmas plaos.With each passing day everyone becanic more 36 wantting for the finnl school ball pon its 37 everyone would run for their coate and go home,everyone except Dnvid.
David was small boy in ragged clothes.I had often 38 what kind of home life David had and whenkind mother could send her son to school dressed so 39 for the cold winner months.whould coat,boots,boots,or gloves.But something made Davirl 40 .I can still remember he was ways 41 a smile and willing to ,akwats 42 after school to straighten chairs and mop the floor.We never tall .He 43 just smile and ask what clse he could do then thank me for letting him stny and slowly 44 home.
Weeks passed and the 45 over the coming Cltristmas grew tuto restlcssness,lattil the has day of 46 befone the holiday break.I smiled in 47 as the last of them hurried out the choor.Turning around I saw David 48 standing by my desk.
「I have something for you,」he said and 49 from behind his lack small has.
a to me,he sad anxinasly,「Open it.」I took the
it.I lifted the bdand to my 51 saw nothing.I look at snnling, the box and said,「The box is nice.David.but it』s 52 」
「Oh no it isn』t.」said David.「It』s full of love.My mun lold me before she third that was something you couldn』t see or touch unless you know it』s there.」
Tears filled my eyes 53 I looked at the prond dirty face that I had 54 to After that Christmas.David and I became good friends and I never forgot the meming 55 the little emply box set on my desk.
36.A.anxious B.courngcous C.serious D.eautious
37.A.warning B.ringing C.calling D.yelling
38.A.scolded B.wondered C.realized D.learned
39.A.modestly B.wondered C.realized D.learned
40.A.popular B.upset C. usal
41.A.axpressing B.delivering C.wearing D.sharing
42.A.prnctised B.send C.studied D.slayed
43.A.would B.should C.might D.could
44.A.airn at B.tuin to C.put off D.head for
45.A.argument B.excitement C.movement D.judgment
46.A.school B.year C.ceetion D.program
47.A.relief B.return C.vain D.control
48.A.weakly B.sadly C.quietly D.helplesaly
49.A.warched B.found C.raised D.pulled
50.A.Holding B.Handing C.Sending D.Lenving
51.A.delight B.expectation C.appreciation D.suprist
52.A.cheap B.empt C.useles D.impropet
53.A.as B.until C.beeause D.though
54.A.advice B.support C.attention D.command
55.A.from B.behind C.over D.towards
第三部分 閱讀理解(共20小題；每小題2分，滿分40分)
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項，並在答題卡上將選項塗黑。
A
A vear ago August tinve Fines lost his job driving a truck for a small company in west Machigan.His wile,emie,was still working in the local school cafeteria,but work for Dave was scarce,and the price of everything was rising.The Fusses were at riak of joining the millions of Atnenrans who have lost their homes in reeend .I』hen Dave and Gerin meeived a timely
Gift ＄7,000,a leans(遺產) from tneir neighbors 1sh and eland who shed in a accident.
It really made a difference when we were going under himanclly, Dave.
But the Fusses weren』t the only folks in Alto and the meghboring town of Lowell to receive unexpected lcgacy fronm the Hatches.Dozens of other families were touched by the Hatches generosily.In some eafses.it was a few thousand dollars;in others,it was more than ＄100,000.
It surprised nearly everyone that the Hatches had so much money.more than ＄3 million-they were an elderly couple whol lived in an old house on what was left of the family farm.
Children of the Great Depression. lsh and Arlene wean known for their habit of saving. They thnved ou(歡) comparison shopping and wond ronpntly is from store to store. Checking prices before making a new purchase.
Through the years. The Hatehes pald for fncal chilclren to nttend sunner camp when their parents couldn』t afford it. 「lsh and Arfenc never asked it it.」lsft and Artene never asked it you needed anything.」says fricnd Stundy Van Weeleten.「They could see theirs they could in make you happicc.and thay would it. Them.」
Even more extraordinnry was that the Hatches had their farmlanmcl clstrahutcl. It as the Hatches』 wish that theird legacy—a legacy of kindnese as rmtch as ane of dollars athleaats ----should carich the whole community (社區) and last for gencations to contc.
Neighbors helping neighbors----thnt was lsh and Arlenc Hatch』s story.
56.According to the text, the fokses ____________
A.were employcd bs amck company B.were in financial diniculty
C.worknd in a school cafelerin D.lost their laome
57.Whhich of the following is true of the hatches?
A.They had their children ring the Great Denression.
B.They left the farnily farm to live in an old hones.
C.They gave away their possessions to ther eigh bcn.
D.They helped their neighbors to find job.
58.Why would the Hatches routinely go from store to store?
A. They dcoided to open a store. B.They wantcd to snve mancy.
C. They couldn』t Van Weelden, the Hntches were. D.They wantcd to buy gifts for lncal kids.
59.According to Sandy Van Weelden, the Hatches, were ___________
A.undrstanding B.optimistic C.childlike D.corous
60.What can we learn from the fext?
A.The community of Afty was poot.
B.The summer camp was attractin to the parents.
C.Sandy Yan weehlen got a legacy from the lishcches.
D.The Hatches wonld like the neighbors to follow their exnmple.
B
「In only six days I lost seven pounds of weight.」
「Two full inches in the first three days!」
There are the kinds of statements uscd in magazine, newspaper, radio and television ads, promining new shapes and new lookes to those who buy the medicine of the device. The promoters of procts sny they can shape the legs, slim the face, smooth wrinkles, or in some other way to bemny o rability.
Often such proets are nothing more that money-making things for their promoters. The no they proee are qucstionable. And some are dangoroas health.
To anderstand how these procts can eanily promoted to the publie, it is neceass and, filmd some thing of the laws proof(證明) under the Food. Drug, and Cosmetic Act that and offectise before it is put on the market. But if the proct is a device. FDA has no his to requtte prermrketing proof of safety or effectiveness. If a proct alrendy on the make danget to health. FDA can request the proeer or distributor to remove ift from the nivolomtardy. or if can take legal legal action. Inluchng seizure (查封) of the proct.
One notable case a few years ago involved an electrical device called the Relaxacisor. Had been sold for reeing the waistlie. The Relaxacisor proced clectrical shocks to the through conlael pads. FDA took action against the distributor to stop the sale of the devthe gaounds that is use ageroug to bcalth and life.
Ohiran of the deviees on the marker have never been the subject of court proec (法律) of new devices appcar continunlly. Bcfore buying. It is up to the consumer to the safety or effeetivettss of such itcms.
61.It can be inferred that the ads mentiopcd in the .
A.abjective B.costly C.ancliabde Dillegal.
62Which of the foolwing is t trie acconting to the tea!
A.The court is in charge of pemoving dangetous procls.
B.New proets ate more likely to be questionable.
C.The cmoction of device must be appnoved by FDA.
D.comofers usually just care about profits.
63.can ask fet the proof of saf and effecd eness of a proct_______
A.if it is a drup.
B.it it is a cleass
C.if its comsurners make complaints.
D.if its drstrbutors challenge FDA』s authority.
64.The Relaxacisor is montioned as ______________
A.a proct which was designed to proce electricity
B.a proct whose distributor was involved in a legal case
C.sul ndvertiscment of a beauty proct
D.an example of a quality beauty proct
The unthor tends to .
A.ma aware of the prmotcts』 falso pronies
B.show the seakness of the law on proct safect
C.give advice on how to keep young and
D.introee the organization of DOA
C
Eew faws are so cffcetive that you can see results just days after they effcct. But in the .nine days since the fodcral cigarette tax more than doubled-to $1.01 pet pack-mokers have jammed telephone「quit lines」across the country seeking to kick the habit.
This is not a surprise to public health advocatcs. They』ve studied the effcct of stale tax increases for years, finding that smokers, especialls teens, are price sensitive. Nor is it a shock to the instry, which ficrcely fights every meverse.
The only wonder is that so tates must on closing therir ears to the message. Tobacco taxes improve public health, th and most particularly. They deter people from taking up the habit as teens, which when nearly all smokers are addicted. Yet the rate of taxntion varies widely.
In Marhuan, foc instance, which has the highest tax the nation, a pack of Marlboro light Kings co, Siu one drugstore Wednesday charleston, S.C. where the 7-cot-a-pock tax is the lowest in the nation, the price was $4.78.
The influence is obvious.
In New York, high school smoking hit a new low in the mest survoys 3.8%, far below the national average. By comparison, 26% of high school students smoke in Kentucky. Other low-tax states have similarly depressing teen=smoking records.
Hal Rogers, Representative from Kentuch, like those who are against high tobaceo taxes, argues that the burden of the tax falls on low=meome Amcricans 「who choose to smoke.」
That the But there is more reason in keeping future generations of low-ineome workers from getting looked in the first place, As for today』s alts, if the new tax drives them to quit. They will have more to spend on their family out their risk of cancer and heart disease and feel better.
66.The text is main about .
A.the price of cignrenes
B.the rate of teen smokine
C.the effect of tobacco tax inerease
D.the differences in tobucco tax out
67.What does the author think is a surprise?
A.Teen smokers are price sensitive.
B.Some states still keep the tobacco tax low.
C.Tobacco taxes improve public health.
D.Tobacco instry fiercely fights the tax rise.
68.The underliand word「deter」in Paragraph 3 most probably means .
A.disce B.remove C.benend D.free
69.Rogers』 attitude towards the low-income smoket might be that of .
A.tolerance B.unconcer C.about D.aympathy
70.What can we learn from the last
A.The new tax will be beneficial in the long run.
B.Low-income Americans are more likely to fall ill.
C.Future generations will be booked on smoking.
D.Alts will depend more on thear families.
D
An increase in students applying to studs ccononties at university is being attribuled to(歸因於)the global economic erisis awakenmg a public thirst for knowledge about how the finnneial system works.
Professor John Beath, the president of the society and a leading lecture at ST Andrews University, said his first-year lectures-which are open to students from all departments-were drawing crowds of 400. cather than the usual 250
「The are a large number of students who are not cconomics major. who would like to learn something about it. One of the things I have done year is to relate my teaching to contemporary cvents in a way that one hasn』t traditionally done.」he added.
University applications rose 7% last year. but there were rises above average in scvcral subjects. Nursing saw a 15% jump, with people』s rencwed interest in careers in the publie sector (部門)，which are is more secure in cconomic crisis.
A recents study showed almost two rds of parents believed schools should do more to teach pirpils about financial matters. And almost half said ter children had asked them what was going on, although a minority of and not understand it themselves well cnought to explain.
Zack Hocking the hend of child Trust Funds. Sid：「It』s possible that one good thing to arise from the downurh will be a generation that』s financially wiser and better equipped to manage their money through times of economic uncertainty.」
71.Professor John Beath』s lectures are .
A.given in a traditional way
B.connected with the present situdent
C.open to both students and their parents
D.warmly reecived by ccmotiats
72.Cacans in the public sector are more attractive because of their __________.
A.teater atability B.jgher pay
C.fewer applieations D.better reputation
73.In the opinion of most parents, __________.
A.econotnics should be the licus of student lenching
B.more students should be adreincd to universities
C.the teaching of financinl matters should be strengthened
D.children should solve financial problems themselves
74.accarding to Hocking,the global eeonornic erisis might make the youngters __________.
A.wiser in money management
B.have access to better equipment
C.confident about their future careers
D.get jobs in Child Trust Funds
75.What』s the main idea of the text?
A.Universitics bae eive more applications.
B.Economine attracting an increasing number stuclents.
C.Colles studernts benefit a lot frumomic uneertanty.
D.Parenls are eonccrned with chilren』s subject seleetion.
『柒』 英語閱讀表達
英語閱讀表達
閱讀表達題是近年英語高考出現的一種新的測試題型，它是閱讀理解與表述閱讀信息的結合。下面我收集了關於閱讀表達題的備考策略，一起來了解一下吧!
閱讀表達題———英語高考新題型和備考策略
【摘要】 本文介紹了近年來英語高考中出現的一類新題型——閱讀表達題。筆者分析了新題型的形成背景，命制方式和基本題型，提出了解答閱讀表達題的基本思路和備考策略，同時展望了其發展的基本趨勢。
【關鍵詞】 閱讀表達題，新課標高考卷，題型創新，閱讀理解，備考策略
閱讀表達題是近年英語高考出現的一種新的測試題型，它是閱讀理解與表述閱讀信息的結合(reading & expression)。命制閱讀表達題的具體做法是：設計一篇在語篇結構上是並列或承接關系的300字左右的短文，之後是5個需要考生回答的問題。這些問題的回答需要考生從短文中提取相關細節信息，並結合上下文進行適當的概括、判斷和推理，在規定的字數內將答案寫在相應的空白處。
一. 閱讀表達題的課改背景
閱讀表達題的推出是與正在全國各省市區推行的高中學科新課程標准密不可分的。《普通高中英語課程標准》規定，高中學生畢業時的課外閱讀量應達到18—30萬字。這一量化的規定可見新課標對高中階段學生閱讀輸入(input)的充分重視。同時，krashen(1985))認為足夠的信息輸入是保證高質量信息輸出(output)的前提。閱讀表達題正是這種閱讀信息輸入與即時輸出的巧妙結合。
閱讀表達題是對閱讀理解題型的創新。閱讀表達題以一種主觀題的形式，“打破了高考英語閱讀理解十幾年多項選擇題的單一形式”。在閱讀難度上它略低於前面的閱讀理解題，而它是以主觀回答的形式考查考生的表述能力，故中高程度的考生答題效果較為理想，而如果考生讀不懂短文，就基本沒有答對的概率。因此，該題型能“有效地評價考生綜合運用英語語言的能力，而且會提高試題的信度和效度”，同時也具有較好的區分度。
二. 閱讀表達題的'設題類型和解題技巧
在目前全國各省市區的高考試卷中，有四個省市英語試卷推出了閱讀表達題：山東省(2007年始)，天津市(2009年始)，和江西省(2011年始)。湖南省試卷也在前幾年簡答題的基礎上，2010年推出了閱讀表達新題型。在卷面形式上，四份試卷閱讀表達題均以一篇短文後加4——5個問題的方式命制，其常用的題型有：
1. 主旨大意題。這一問題主要考查學生概括文章主旨或個別段落大意的能力，其主要目的是培養學生歸納主要信息的能力。現在高中學生閱讀時的普遍問題是：文章大意都基本能看懂，但缺乏歸納主題和寫作目的的能力，而這恰恰是閱讀教學和學生獲取閱讀信息的主要目的。主旨大意題有助於矯正這種能力缺陷。主旨大意題既考查對整個短文主旨理解的能力(如江西2011卷76題)，也可考查對段落大意的歸納能力(如山東2011卷80題)。
主旨大意題的提問方式通常是：what is the main idea of the text? / what does the passage mainly talk about? / what is the purpose of the writer’s writing the passage? / what does paragraph 3 mainly tell us?
主旨大意通常會出現在文章的首尾段或段落的首尾句。在2010山東卷中，我們可根據第一段的最後一句：studies show that those families who eat dinner at least 3 or 4 times a week together benefit in many ways 概括處文章的主題為：families benefit from eating together.
主旨概述既可以用完整的句子，也可用一個簡潔的短語：a website where we can learn english well，或一個問句：how to deal with stress。
2. 信息歸納表達題。該題要求考生能在短文中找到題目所要求的事實性細節，並能適當進行歸納表達。在找到相關細節信息之後，有時可照搬原文信息輕松作答，有時還要對事實性信息進行適當的整理(2011山東卷和江西卷78題)。
信息歸納題有時以例舉填空的形式：list three activities that might develop into addictions based on the text ①________ ②_________ ③_________，或回答的形式，如：point out the advantage of televised sport which does not concern money in paragraph 3. ________________。
解答信息歸納表達題，一方面要找到相應的原文信息，另一方面要組織好詞語的恰當詞性。很多學生在考試時就沒有注意到詞性的要求。如回答上一題“advantage”即用短語 a health benefit，而有相當數量同學用一個句子__there is a health benefit_，實在是教訓深刻。
3. 指代關系確認題。考生根據下劃線代詞(如they, that, it,so 等)找到它所指代的上文內容。指示代詞所指代的是上文的事物，考生主要是在上文尋找答案，答題難度相對小些。考生要注意到代詞所代替的是上文的名詞或動名詞，如原文所指向的是動詞或其它詞性的詞，則要相應的名詞化。
如2011江西卷80題：what does the word “it”(line 3, paragraph 5) probably refer to?
4. 補全文章空缺題。短文在設計時，在短文中間設一空，要求考生用恰當的短語或分句進行內容補全，使之與前後內容連貫，並與作者的寫作意圖相符。信息補全題類似於完型填空，但空缺處需填的通常不是一個單詞，多為一個完整的句子，這就無疑給考生帶來相當的挑戰。做好這道小題，一方面一定要看懂上下文，另一方面還要會分析文章的發展脈絡，使填進去的信息與上下文語境剛好吻合。2011山東卷77題和江西卷79題即為信息補全題。
在補全文章空缺處時，首先要先知曉短文的主旨大意，因為需要填進的內容都是與主題切實相關的;同時要注意一些連接語篇的詞語，如however，therefore，on the other hand，similarly等，這些詞是上下文過渡和發展的關鍵詞。2011江西卷79題為fill in the blank in paragraph 4 with proper words，我們在通讀全文後，知道短文的主題是“電視直播體育賽事的利與弊”，而前一段分析了“利”，同時我們注意到空缺處前有一表轉折關系的連詞however，且空白處的下文是分析“弊”，所以填進去的當為“there are also disadvantages ”,從而與上段形成“利與弊”的對比關系。
5. 短文信息轉述(填空)題。短文信息轉述即通過題干中的一個句子，找到原文中的與其意義相近甚至一致的句子，並把它寫在題目後的空白橫線上。此題類似於paraphrase (using simple english sentences to explain the original sentences with complicated structures)，不過題目中的句子有時侯也是很復雜的復合句(山東2008年卷79題)。而短文信息轉述填空題則是對原文相關句子paraphrase的基礎上，在題乾的空白處填上原文所缺的信息(江西11年卷77題)。它既需要考生找到原文與題干中相一致的句子，也要求他們在題干空白處補全與上下文相連貫的信息，是一道相對較難而得分較低的題目。
短文信息轉述(山東卷也稱英文釋義)的提問方式有：which sentence in the text is closest in meaning to the following one? / which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?
要練好英文釋義題，考生一定要吃透所給轉述句中的關鍵信息，捕捉與原文相吻合的關鍵詞彙。2008山東卷79題所給轉述句為accordingly, these shopaholics should turn to a certain organization for help so that they can stop complulsive shopping. 考生要能理解這句話的含義，同時根據下劃線關鍵詞在原文中第四段找到語義相同的句子。
短文信息轉述填空題是江西卷命制的一種新的題型，它是在山東卷的基礎上將所給轉述句的部分關鍵信息挖掉，而要求考生根據原句補充上缺失部分並注意其相應的形式。
要備考英文釋義題，教師平時在課堂閱讀教學中要加強對復雜句的paraphrase訓練。在nsec教材中就有很多練習專門是用來訓練學生用簡單英語解釋復雜句型的。如筆者在教學unit5,book1時，就把原文中引用的nelson mandela 的一句話paraphrase 為兩句簡單句，而要求他們在課文中找到相應的原句。
6. 詞義猜測題。此題的命制目的是考查學生根據上下文理解陌生詞語的能力。陌生詞語以下劃線的方式標出。指示關系的確認依靠上下文語境的暗示或信息的互補。在2009天津卷的閱讀表達中，下劃線的詞語是“chrome-plated contraptions”，而上句話是說“幾乎每一個美國人都要花些時間推購物車”，而含有下劃線的句子是說“他們在一生中推______的里程有很多路”。顯而易見，後句與前句在語義上是並列關系，所以後句中“推”的賓語就是前句中的購物車。《普通高中英語課程標准》明確規定，要培養學生“能通過上下文克服生詞困難，理解語篇意義”。在閱讀理解中，詞義猜測也是常考題型，筆者查閱了06、07年全國各地38份高考試卷，其中就有37份考查了“在上下文理解生詞”，均體現出新課標的這一理念。
7. 開放性問答題。此題是要求考生根據短文中所出現的話題，發表你個人的觀點和見解，如2011天津卷60題是就“人與動物的理想關系”發表見解，山東卷是就參加“某春假活動”表態，並說明其緣由。它沒有標准答案，需要考生根據自己的理解和想像。開放性的問題使考生跳出了試題，有利於體現創造性思維。考生在平時要多思考生活，關注些社會和國內外問題，高考時方可寫出具有自己個性、言簡意賅而合情合理的句子。
8. 其它題型。如山東省的翻譯題(英譯漢)。翻譯教學仍是中學英語教學的一種方法，特別是一些復雜的復合句，更需要適當的成分分析和翻譯。我們沒有必要用“信、達、雅”的標准來衡量學生翻譯的句子，只要翻譯後的漢語能較流暢而又能忠實於原文。
如湖南省和天津市的細節理解。細節題是閱讀理解中的重要題型。據不完全統計，細節理解題在各省市區閱讀理解的分值在40%-60%之間。而閱讀表達題中的細節理解題更是對新課標“閱讀能從一般文字資料中獲取主要信息;能從一般性文章中獲取和處理主要信息”的全新詮釋和落實。細節理解題採用5w1h形式提問：
what is the aim of the program?
why did linda join the american women’s club of toronto?
how does shaw feel about his future life with the help of cuddles?
who may choose to participate in the alternative break program?
……
三.閱讀表達題型的備考
高考作為一種選拔性考試，必然要反映出考生在學習能力和水平上的差異。高考相對於知識性考試而言，它對於記憶的要求要低一些，而更側重於對日積月累的能力的考核。《普通高中英語課程標准》認為高考要以考查學生綜合語言運用能力為目標。作為一種綜合題型，閱讀表達題既考查到學生的閱讀理解能力，又能考查他們的書面表達能力，因此英語測試專家普遍認為這是一種能有效評價考生綜合運用語言能力的題類。但作為一種新的試題類型，閱讀表達題不同於閱讀選擇題，因為選擇題是答案提示性問題，而閱讀表達題是考查學生理解文章、組織語言、准確表達的能力，它沒有提示性成分，所以廣大師生對它都有一個認知—了解—熟悉的過程。閱讀理解題解題能力形成和提高要把握以下幾個方面：
1. 閱讀理解新題型滲透於日常教學和練習。
眾所周知，高考是中學教學的指揮棒，廣大師生只有順應高考改革的方向，才能取得較理想的成績。我們既要研究高考新試題，更要把它貫徹到我們備考和復習之中。概括短文主旨、明確指代關系、歸納段落大意，英語釋義，尋找關鍵詞，這些能力的培養，是一個長期的過程。筆者在指導學生閱讀訓練時，要求學生做到有意識地用幾個核心詞彙概括文章或段落大意;在遇到一些復雜句時，則先呈示同義句，要求他們在原文文中找到同義句;通過上下文、構詞法猜測詞義;在一些記敘文中，教授學生以5w1h形式復述課文。
2. 閱讀理解新題型要求培養學生提煉概括的能力。
在批閱試卷時，筆者常發現學生找到了題目在原文中的答案，但常出現句式錯誤。如回答指代關系題把動詞短語填上去，信息列舉題又把整個原句寫上去。這些問題充分暴露學生在概括能力方面的欠缺。學生既要能圈定答案所在的句子范圍，更要進行一些合理的提煉，才能准確到位的回答相關的閱讀表達題。閱讀表達題要慎抄原句。
3. 閱讀理解新題型要求學生閱讀訓練要持之以恆。
在研究近幾年高考卷閱讀表達題型時，筆者發現其基本是穩定的，但各年份在排序和題型上有個別微調。這在客觀上給考生備考增加了一定的困難，但只要嚴格按照新課標關於高中生課外閱讀量的要求，學生堅持每日閱讀600詞左右信息量的短文(兩篇閱讀理解)，准備好這一題型是不困難的。
4. 閱讀理解新題型要把握好一些特有的細節
閱讀表達題各小題都有字數的限制。關於回答問題時超出規定字數如何給分，筆者請教了專程到筆者所在學校進行新課標高考卷調研的省教育考試院高考命題組專家，她的回答是超出字數均不給分。理由有二：考生沒讀題目後字數要求;考查學生概括能力。
閱讀表達題也屬於主觀回答的試題內容，因此考生一定要書寫整潔、清晰，為自己贏得印象分，切忌亂塗亂該。
四.結束語
閱讀表達題作為一種新題型，既考查學生的閱讀理解能力，又考查了學生在對原文理解基礎上的書面表達能力。閱讀表達題的創新之處在於它將學生的閱讀理解能力轉化為對閱讀信息的擷取、歸納、表述和內化的能力，這與新課標的理念和nsec教材模塊後的comprehending的問題練習是不謀而合的。基於高考對於中學英語教學強烈的反撥作用，我們一方面要巧妙而有選擇地利用好comprehending中相關的練習，使高考題型訓練常態化;同時通過平時的日常閱讀和備考前相對集中地專項練習，進一步提高高中生閱讀獲取信息和表達的能力。
參考文獻:
1.krashen,s.d. (1985) the input hypothesis:issues and implications. london: longman.
2.richards, jack & c.lockhart. (2000). reflective teaching in second language classrooms. 人民教育出版社.
3. 蔡銀保 《專題調研：江西新題型》，汕頭大學出版社，2011年
4. 黃遠振等 “高考英語命題：現實與訴求”，《中學外語教與學》2008年第10期
5. 江西省教育考試院 《2011年普通高等學校招生全國統一考試江西卷(英語)考試說明(課程標准實驗版)》[m]，江西高校出版社，2011年
6. 教育部 《普通高中英語課程標准(實驗)》，人民教育出版社，2003年
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『捌』 2013年山東高考英語試題及答案
2013
山東高考英語答案
聽力
【答案】
1-5ACACB6-10CBABA11-15BA
，由於網上音頻不完整，待續
單選
21---25
：
ABCBA
26-30
：
DCBCD
31--35
：
ABADC
完型填空
36--40
：
BCDCA
41--45
：
BCBDC
46--50
：
AABCD
51--55
：
BCADB
閱讀
【
A
篇】
：
56--60
：
ADDBC
【
B
篇】
：
61--65
：
DBABA
【
C
篇】
：
66-70
：
CACDC
【
D
篇】
：
71--75
：
CCABB
閱讀表達
76.ThesuccessofJeanPaulGetty/JeanPaulGetty
』
sachievement
77.cannotbringhappiness./cannotbringhimahappylife./doesn
』
tmeananything.
78.Thoughhewaswealthy,Gettywassomean./Wealthyashewas,Gettywassomean.
79.HekidnappedGetty
』
.
80.Hiscontributiontotheartworld
寫作
【範文
1
】
：
DearTom,
How
are
you
going
on?
With
the
final
examination,
I
have
no
spare
time
to
reply
to
your
.
Aftertheexamination,.First,Iwillfly
toJinan,.Afterthe3-dayvisitofJinan,
IwillheadforMountainTai,thesymbolofShandong,whereIwillhaveabird-viewonthetopof
.Finally,
,beautifulbeachandfreshair.Mytripwilllast7days.
『玖』 2020年山東高考英語卷難度難不難,英語試卷答案解析(下載)
高考山東卷英語試題的試卷結構較往年有了較大的變化，取消了聽力部分考試，減少了5個單項填空試題，增加了一篇10個小題的完形填空和5個閱讀理解題。試題在選材和命制等方面沿襲了歷年來山東卷的風格，所選文章話題豐富、體裁多樣；試題設計精益求精、穩中有變；試題難度穩定，沒有因為試卷結構的變化而出現大的波動。
一、結構微調
我省英語試題取消了聽力部分，將單項填空部分由以往的15個小題調整為10個小題，增加了一篇10個小題的完形填空和5個閱讀理解題。
單項填空部分沒有刻意追求語法點的覆蓋面，而是重點考查了幾個語法項目，如定語從句、名詞性從句、非謂語動詞、時態、連詞和代詞等，這些語法考點均出自我省高考考試說明中所列的語法項目表，突出了中學英語教學的重點；增加的完形填空（A篇）為一則關於鸚鵡的小幽默，內容輕松有趣，結尾出人意料，令人捧腹，這有利於考生放鬆緊張的心情，從容作答；閱讀理解部分較往年增加了1篇文章，5篇總閱讀量為1436詞，比2013年增加了94詞，選項為986詞，比2013年增加了262詞。
二、選材精細
我省英語試題一共選用了8篇短文，這些短文話題豐富、體裁多樣、語言地道、風格不一、信息量大，能讓考生充分體會到英語語言的魅力。
完形填空A篇文章是一則關於鸚鵡的小幽默，語言簡單易懂，內容輕松有趣，結尾出人意料；完形填空B篇講述了一位加拿大女醫生沖破性別歧視的樊籬救死扶傷的故事。閱讀理解A篇文章講述了一隻走失的小狗和收留它的人家之間發生的感人故事；B篇講述了作者與其兄弟兩個為了躲避酷暑而連續幾天到電影院看電影的趣事；C篇介紹了美國歷史上一位勇於追求自由的女性黑奴ElizabethFreeman；D篇介紹了一種新的科技發明——智能牙刷；E篇介紹了一個使用平板電腦幫助非洲孩子閱讀學習的項目。閱讀表達文章從交通擁堵這一現實問題切入，通過具體例子及細節介紹相關應對措施，倡導人們充分使用公共交通方式，並指出緩解該問題的關鍵是提升公共交通服務的質量。
這些文章語言原汁原味，內容積極向上，既能滿足考查的需要，也有利於培養考生的情感態度價值觀，符合高中英語新課程改革的理念。
三、設題巧妙
我省英語試題在試題的設計上既繼承了歷年來不偏不怪的命題思路，又不墨守陳規，勇於探索，試題設計靈活巧妙。
單項填空題避免了機械的語法知識考查，而是將語法知識融入到完整自然的語境中進行考查，考生在答題時必須依靠語境結合所學語法知識作答。以第8題為例，考生必須理解答語中後半部分的含義，才能夠弄清楚整個題的語境信息，從而得出正確答案。
完形填空題注重考查考生結合詞彙、語法、語篇知識及生活常識進行邏輯推理和綜合判斷的能力，而非簡單考查個體詞彙使用及對單句的理解。其中A篇全文共154個詞，空格之間的間隔約為13個詞。除首句及末句外，每句均設空1-2個。空格分布均勻，相鄰空格間隔適當，避免了提示信息過多或過少的情況。考點分布合理，10個題目考查對象均為實詞，其中動詞5項，名詞4項，形容詞1項。B篇全文共292個詞，空格分布均勻，相鄰空格間隔適當。考點分布合理，20個題目考查對象均為實詞，其中動詞12項，名詞5項，形容詞2項，副詞1項。
閱讀理解題在題目設置方面，除64題外，其餘全部採用完整問句的提問方式，這符合語言測試的規范。題干及選項的設置簡潔、精煉，沒有使用考試說明詞彙表以外的詞彙。題目涉及對細節的理解、推測上下文邏輯指代關系、理解主旨要義等多個方面，注重多角度考查考生的理解、分析和概括能力。
閱讀表達部分試題設計精巧且多樣化，從多角度考查考生的英語閱讀和表達能力，66、67題考查考生准確把握篇章信息的能力，68、70題考查考生對相關信息進行准確判斷並概括歸納的能力，69題考查考生根據語境進行邏輯推理的能力。其中69題的設置尤為巧妙，既有較強的上下文提示和邏輯關系限定，又給考生一定的發揮空間，考生可從多個角度作答。
今年我省英語作文題一改沿用多年的書信形式，要求考生從所給的兩句諺語中選擇一句為題寫一篇作文，解釋該諺語的含義並講述能體現該諺語含義的個人經歷，形式新穎。題中給出的兩句諺語「Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.」「Wherethere』sawill,there』saway.」都是中學生耳熟能詳的，考生在審題時不會有障礙。兩句諺語所蘊含的道理淺顯易懂，貼近考生生活和經驗，能夠保證考生有話可說，利於考生展現其語言運用能力。題中給出兩句諺語，給考生一定的選擇空間，這樣做既不會增加考生審題的負擔，也有利於避免考生因不熟悉諺語而無話可說的情況出現。
四、難度穩定
與往年相比，試題難度適中，雖然試卷結構有一定的調整，但是試題難度並沒有出現大的起伏。主要表現在：
1.試題閱讀量相對穩定
試題總詞量為3827詞，2013年為3788詞。雖然較以往試題增加了兩篇文章，但是試卷總詞量僅比2013年增加了39詞。同時試卷中的詞彙基本上都是考試說明中詞彙表內的詞彙，超綱詞彙非常少，這有利於保證試題難度的穩定。
2.新增試題難度適中
新增試題（完形填空與閱讀理解部分）難度較低，與往年聽力部分試題難度大致相同，其餘部分試題在選材與設題上與往年風格類似、難度相當，這有利於保證試題難度不出現大的波動。
總之，高考山東卷英語試題的風格沿襲了歷年來不偏不怪、難度穩定、弘揚正能量的特點，同時在材料選擇、試題設計等方面做了適當的調整，這樣考生對試題既不覺得陌生，又感到有一定的新意，有利於考查考生真實的語言能力，有利於選拔人才，也有利於對中學英語教學起到積極的引導作用。