英語高考閱讀理解事實細節題
『壹』 高考英語閱讀理解題型及解題技巧
高考英語閱讀理解題型及解題技巧如下:
1、題型分類:主旨大意題,答題技巧:閱讀理解文章多是議論文和說明文,這兩種文體的結構可歸納為:提出問題——論述問題——得出結論或者闡明觀點。對於這類文章,抓主題句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。
2、細節理解題,答題技巧:可直接找到相關細節,但需經過計算方可找到答案。
3、推理判斷題,答題技巧:推斷題是考查大家透過文章表面的文字信息進行分析、綜合、歸納等邏輯推理的能力。推理和判斷必須以事實為依據,切莫主觀臆斷。
4、詞義猜測題,答題技巧:通過因果關系猜詞通過因果關系猜詞。專業老師在線權威答疑 zy.offercoming.com
『貳』 高考英語閱讀理解帶答案
閱讀是一種主動的過程,是由閱讀者根據不同的目的加以調節控制的,陶冶人們的情操,提升自我修養。閱讀是一種理解、領悟、吸收、鑒賞、評價和探究文章的思維過程。閱讀可以改變思想、獲取知識,從而可能改變命運。下面為大家帶來了高考英語閱讀理解帶答案,歡迎大家參考閱讀!
Any mistake made in the printing of a stamp raises its value to stamp collectors. A mistake on one inexpensive postage stamp has made the stamp worth a million and a tops. The mistake was made more than a hundred years ago in the British colony of Mauritius, a small island in the Indian Ocean. In 1847 an order for stamps was sent to a London printer — Mauritius was to become the fourth country in the world to issue stamps.Before the order was filled and delivered, a ball was planned at Mauritius』 Government House, and stamps were needed to send out the invitations. A local printer was instructed to the design for the stamps. He accidentally inscribed the words 「Post Office」 instead of 「Post Paid」 on the several hundred stamps that he printed.Today there are only twenty-six of these misprinted stamps left fourteen One Penny Orange-Reds and twelve Two Penny Blues. Because of the Two Penny Blue』s rareness and age, collectors have paid as much as $16 800 for it.
1. Over a century ago, Mauritius _______.
A. was an independent country
B. belonged to India
C. was one of the British colonies
D. was a small island in the Pacific Ocean
2. The mistake on the stamps was made _______.
A. in Mauritius
B. at Mauritius Government House
C. in a post office
D. in London
3. Stamp collectors have paid 16 800 for _______.
A. fourteen One Penny Orange-Reds
B. twelve Two Penny Blues
C. one One Penny Orange-Red
D. one Two Penny Blue
【答案與解析】 本文講述的是本來不值錢的郵票由於印刷錯誤卻使其價值倍增。
1. C。事實細節題。根據第2段第1句… more than a hundred years ago in the British colony of Mauritius, a small island in the Indian Ocean可知答案為C。
2. A。事實細節題。根據第2段第1句The mistake was made more than a hundred years ago in the British colony of Mauritius可知答案選A。
3. D。事實細節題。根據文章最後一句Because of the Two Penny Blue』s rareness and age, collectors have paid as much as $16 800 for it 可知答案為D。
拓展:高考英語閱讀理解攻略
一、細節題型
【提問方式】
Wh-特殊問句; From the text…,According to…,True/not true,劃線詞語、句子,簡單計算、排列事件順序、識圖等。
【解題方法】
抓住提問中的關鍵字眼,仔細閱讀相關細節的材料內容,一般可以在短文中直接找到或稍加歸納就可以找到正確答案。
注意排除下列干擾項:
(1)擴縮范圍
文章為了表達得准確嚴密,很注意對范圍的限定。有的是通過加上相應的詞語限制,如涉及到數量時常用many,almost all,nearly,more than,over,only a few,normally等限制。有些干擾項是通過改變或去掉限定詞語,甚至是擴大或縮小了語言范圍。
(2)偷換概念
命題者設計試題時往往把原文的概念偷換成另一個不同的概念。望文生義是造成錯誤的主要原因。
(3)正誤並存
在一干擾項中,某個句子或詞語是正確的,其他分句或詞語是錯誤的或表達不全面,正誤並存,命題者藉此以假亂真。要排除這類干擾項,只要一個選項局部有誤或選項不全面,都屬排除的干擾項。
二、主旨大意題型
【提問方式】
What' s the topic/subject of the text/the second paragraph?
What is stated in…? The text is cheifly concerned with_______。
【解題方法】
(1)最常用的方法是仔細研讀短文的1、2兩句-----即短文的主題句,或輔以閱讀各段的第1、2句----即段落中心句。此方法多適用於說明文、議論文。
(2)記敘文等需要通讀全文,抓住關鍵事或論題來歸納意思(常說明一個道理)。
(3)全文末尾(段)找答案。此類文章的特點是以列舉事實開頭,通過論證,最後闡述核心觀點。
在處理文章標題的`選擇時,要避免下列三種錯誤:
①概括不夠(多表現為部分代整體,從而導致范圍太小);②過度概括(多表現為人為擴大范圍);③以事實或細節代替抽象具體的大意。
三、推理判斷題型
【提問方式】
The story suggests that___________. It can be inferred that_____________.
The story implies that _____________. It can be concluded that __________.
We can learn that _______________.
【解題方法】
推斷題是考查學生透過文章表面的文字信息進行分析、綜合、歸納等邏輯推理的能力。學生不僅要弄懂文章的字面意思,更重要的是要知道文章的潛在涵義。
【注意點】
(1)那些文章中直接陳述的內容不能選,要選擇根據文章推理出來的選項。
(2)推理不是憑空猜測,而是立足已知推斷未知;作出正確答案時一定要在文中找到依據或理由。
(3)不能以自己的觀點代替作者的想法;不要脫離原文主觀臆斷。
四、詞義猜測題
①利用構詞法猜詞;
②利用語境及邏輯關系猜詞。有時完全可以利用上下文語境和前後句之間的並列、因果、轉折、對比、解釋定義和舉例等關系來猜測詞義。同時特別留心某些詞語,例如:or, that is, in other words, including, although, but, or, even if, on the other hand, on the contrary, other than, rather than, more than, instead of等詞語之後的內容。
『叄』 高考英語閱讀理解解題技巧
導語:對閱讀理解能力的測試是高考英語考試中必不可少的測試項目,主要考查學生對於不同體裁或不同題材語言材料的理解能力,以及通過材料的閱讀,對材料中信息的捕獲能力。英語閱讀理解題的難度在不斷增大,考生們也大多知難而進,下面,高三網我為廣大考生整理了高考英語閱讀理解解題技巧,供大家參考學習。
2017高考英語閱讀理解解題技巧
一、事實細節題
對於事實細節題,剖析一下不難看出,事實細節的內容不會單獨出現,它總會與前前後後的段落內容相呼應。考生只要抓住整體大綱,看懂主題,利用內容間的因果關系,通過時間空間的關系轉換,並對細節進行深入的剖析了理解,確定主題,將零碎的'細節組成一個有機整體,就能深刻理解材料的內容,從而輕松解決問題。
二、詞句理解題
詞句理解題主要講究的是理解題意,通過短文的詞、短語或句子的理解來充分理解題意,碰到不熟悉的詞語要避過,先略讀再通讀,仔細推敲,尤其是對語境的理解要准確。
三、推理判斷題
推理判斷題最主要的就是注重文章結構的邏輯關系,抓住關鍵詞,結合有關的生活和社會常識,理清文章的結構層次、文章內容和文章的中心思想,推斷作者的寫作意圖和寫作目的,進行推斷。
四、歸納概括題
適合這類題型的閱讀理解通常具體反映在文章的題目或一段短文的小標題上;很多文章從一開頭就直接說出觀點,表達中心思想。所以對於這類題型,一定要提示學生注意主題句和主題段,絕大多數的短文類似於語文的老三段,注意段與段之間的聯系,注意隱藏的中心思想,准確了解文章結構,把握句與句之間的關系,注重邏輯關系,把握住文章的脈絡即可。
五、圖表理解題
圖表題一般最簡單,主要考察的就是學生的思維模式,注意邏輯關系,分析其中的細節,找出符合圖示所要求的必要條件。
2017高考英語閱讀理解解題技巧
一、快速瀏覽
快速瀏覽有助於我們迅速的了解文章的大致信息,掌握文章的主題思想
二、讀清題目
在答題時,一定不要急於去選擇,要看清楚題目,看清題目說的是什麼,問的是什麼
三、對照閱讀
將題目的問題與文章相應的部分進行對照閱讀,能夠幫助我們快速的尋找出答案所在
四、答案排異
一道題目中,如果有2個或多個答案為同一個意思,那麼答案肯定就不是這幾個,除非是多選題,所以,有時答題並我全靠文章,答案本身就有明顯的提示!
五、答案選擇
如果對短文內容無法理解,那麼我們就只能從答案入手了,如果4個答案有3個是一個意思,那麼就選擇另外一個,如果意思各不同的話就只有參照老規矩了,(三短一長選一長,三長一短選一短,長短不一選B,長度相同選C)!
『肆』 請問高考英語閱讀理解的細節題怎麼解答
回原文找到詳細出處(一定要找准,確定就是問的這一個點),仔細讀。
對比答案,找最相同的,答案中不能有不能有任何歧義、曲解。
『伍』 高三英語閱讀理解的技巧和方法
高三英語閱讀理解的技巧和方法如下:
高三英語事實細節題:
屬於細節類型的閱讀理解題一般只針對某個特定的細節,題型可以多種多樣。此類題型一般分兩種。第一種是直接理解題,在原文中可以直接找到答案。第二種是詞義轉換題,正確選項是原文有關詞語和句子的轉換。
做此類試蘆滑題一定要抓住事件發生的時間、地點、人物、發展過程和結局等環節,所選答案一定要符合原文,切不可望文生義。
這類題型的主要提問方式常為:
①Which of the following is true / NOT true in the passage?
②Which of the following statements is NOT discussed / mentionedin the passage?
③Which is the right order of the events given in thepassage?
④All the following statements are NOT true except.
『陸』 2022高考英語閱讀理解細節題怎麼做 答題技巧有什麼
高考英語閱讀理解細節題在做題時,要按照題號順序在相應的區域尋找答案。先看題干,標出題干中的定位詞,然後根據找到的定位詞回到原文尋找定位詞在文章中的出處。只要在考試中集中注意力,仔細審題,我相信在解答細節理解題時一定會游刃有餘,得心應手,在做閱讀理解時獲得高分。
閱讀理解細節題答題技巧
要做好細節題,我們需要用好順序原則、抓定位詞、排除法這三大法寶。一是順序原則。一般來說隱含題目答案的位置與題目的順序是一致的,這能幫助我們縮小尋找范圍,大大提高效率。二是抓定位詞。定位詞和主題句是英語閱讀理解解題方法的最重要的兩個要素,前者適用於解答細節理解題,後者用於解答主旨大意題。三是排除法。正確選項雖然一般不是原文照搬,但是一般是原文的改寫,意思不變。對原文句子中的關鍵詞進行替換,詞性或語態有所變化,如把significant改成of importance。改變原文中句子的語態,如主動語態與被動語態的轉換。正話反說,把原文中的意思反過來表達而成為正確選項。
高考英語閱讀理解在考查細節理解題時,在干擾項的設置上也是「煞費苦心」,常使用諸如張冠李戴、無中生有、曲解文意、顛倒是非、正誤參半等方式來造成句意的改變。其中最常見的干擾項是用了與原文相似的句型結構和大部分相似的詞彙,卻在不易引人注意的地方換了幾個詞彙,造成句意的改變。
英語答題技巧
英語閱讀理解
閱讀理解講究的是閱讀的速度與質量,以及對文章的理解程度。在閱讀之前不妨先簡單閱讀以下文章下面的各個題目,明白文章會考我們哪些內容,帶著疑問去讀文章,相信會有更大的收獲。
英語完型填空
此題型是將文章中的部分單詞扣出,再找來三個相近的單詞來混淆我們的選擇,第一步我們可以將每個單詞帶入文章中,翻譯看語句通順與否。遇到選單詞格式比如現在進行時或者一般過去式,可以看看前後是否能組成短語,根據短語來確定單詞的格式。
『柒』 英語閱讀理解細節題的技巧是什麼
用細節定位法
細節理解題屬直接解答性問題,是閱讀理解題中最簡單的一種,多數屬中低難度的送分題。但由於高考所佔的比例很大,應特別引起注意。
事實和細節題的命題特點是:把某詞語、某個句子或某具體事實用不同於原文的另一方式或句型表達,即同義改寫。解答這類題的竅門是:A)注意掌握英語的多種表達法;B)正確分析詞語在句中的作用;C)熟練運用英語的句型轉換;D)讀懂題干所提出的問題,並准確地找到文中涉及該問題的句子。
做細節題具體方法與步驟如下:
①
略讀材料,大概了解原文,掌握中心或主旨。
②
按文章的體裁,作者寫作的組織模式及有關的信息詞,如for
example,first,second…等預測應該到何處尋找自己所需要的事實。
③
將自己精力放在尋找你所需要的細節上,快速通篇跳讀,眼睛自左至右,自上而下呈Z形掃視,直到找到細節出處,待找到含細節句子時,放慢速度,仔細核對比較內容,直至找到答案。
『捌』 高考英語閱讀理解題解題技巧詳解
高考英語閱讀理解題解題技巧詳解
英語閱讀理解題的難度在不斷增大,考生們也大多知難而進。下面是我為大家帶來的高考英語閱讀理解題解題技巧,歡迎閱讀。
一、四選一型閱讀
高考閱讀不同文體按照題型分類主要分為五大類:細節題、推理題、主旨大意題、詞義句意猜測題、結構順序題。
1、細節題解題技巧
細節題,顧名思義,就是指針對文章的某個細節而設置的試題。細節題的命題方法很多,如可能是對某個細節用同義結構轉換後進行考查、也可能是將文章中的幾個細節(通常是四個)放在一起要求考生判斷是非(選出正確的一項或選出錯誤的一項)或對幾個細節進行排序等。解答這類試題時,一個常用的方法就是運用定位法,即根據題干或選項中的線索詞從原文中找到相關的句子,與選項進行比較從而確定答案(此時要特別注意一些常見的同義轉換)。
現在圍繞上述的定位理論,引申出幾個小的技巧:
(1) 關鍵信息定位法。這個主要是細節題,如涉及到數字(日期、時間、價格等),就可以在文章中快速圈出數字,再找出目標數字及相對應的細節作息,還有人物姓名、地點名詞等等,其他的還包括一些提示情節發展,或條綱性關鍵字眼,如First, Next, Finally等等。
As a young girl growing up in the 1930s, I always wanted to fly a plane, but back then it was almost unheard of for a woman to do that. I got a taste of that dream in 2011,when my husband arranged for me to ride in a hot air balloon for my birthday. (2011年高考英語北京A篇)
What happened to the author in 2011?
A. She flew an airplane
B. She entered a competition
C. She went on a hot air balloon ride
D. She moved into a retirement community
解析:此題屬典型細節題,通過題干中的時間in 2011不難定位到文中粗體字部分,很容易可以鎖定正解為C。
(2) 同義定位法。英文中可以用Paraphrase表示。同義定位就是指問題所用的關鍵詞和文中的不一致,但屬於同義性質,同義轉換其實是在關鍵間的基礎上拐了個彎。
He longs for conversations with an editor who will help him turn his good ideas into great ones. He wants someone to get excited about what he's doing and to help him turn his story idea upside down and inside out, exploring the best ways to report it. He wants to be more valuable for your paper. (2010年高考英語北京B篇)
What does the reporter want most from his editors in their talks?
A. Finding the news value of his stories.
B. Giving him financial support.
C. Helping him to find issues.
D. Improving his good ideas.
解析:此題屬細節題,定位方式為同義定位法。題干中的talks和文章中conversations對應,而want most和longs for對應,這樣不難得出答案為D。
小結:在閱讀中,精準快速的定位加上正確的理解力才能保證做題的量與質。定位法是需要在做題的過程中有意識的培養的,做題的技巧也是可以總結的,關鍵是要自覺培養這種分析歸納和總結的意識以及能力。
2、推理題解題技巧
推斷題定義:在理解原文字面意思的基礎上,通過對語篇邏輯關系的分析和細節的暗示,做出一定的判斷和推理,從而得到文章的深層意義及隱含意義的過程。
出現特徵:在考題中經常出現的詞有infer, imply, indicate, conclude, learn from, probably, most likely, prove /according to等。
She turned up at the doorstep of my house in Cornwall. No way could I have sent her away. No way, not me anyway. Maybe someone had kicked her out of their car the night before. 「We're moving house.'; 「No space for her any more with the baby coming.」 「We never really wanted her, but what could we have done? She was a present.」 People find all sorts of excuses for abandoning an animal. And she was one of the most beautiful dogs I had ever seen.
How did the author feel about Goldie when Goldie came to the house? (2010年高考英語北京A篇)
A. Shocked. B. Sympathetic. C. Annoyed. D. Upset.
解析:由題目得知:是考察作者的態度題。首先定位到文章作者的話語和行為,即
(1) No way could I have sent her away. No way, not me anyway.
(2) We never really wanted her, but what could we have done? She was a present.「
(3) People find all sorts of excuses for abandoning an animal. And she was one of the most beautiful dogs I had ever seen.
可知作者對它是正的情感,排除C,D.再由作者對它的不舍,答案選B
3、主旨大意題解題技巧
Topic/Title型-使用逆推法
(1) 要在閱讀原文基礎上,仔細考慮選項是否與文章主題有密切聯系
(2) 再看選項對文章的概括性或覆蓋面如何
(3) 要注意題目是否過大或者過小
(4) 要避免下列三種錯誤
概括不夠(多表現為部分代整體,導致范圍過小)
過度概括(多表現為擴大范圍)
以事實、細節代替抽象概括的大意。
Federal regulators Wednesday approved a plan to create a nationwide emergency alert (警報) system using text messages delivered to cell phones.
Text messages have been popular in recent years, particularly among young people. The wireless instry's trade association, CTIA, estimates(估計) more than 48 billion text messages are sent each month.
The plan comes from the Warning Alert and Response Network Act, a 2006 federal law that requires improvements to the nation's emergency alert system. The act tasked the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) with coming up with new ways to alert the public about emergencies.
「The ability to deliver accurate and timely warnings and alerts through cell phones and other mobile services is an important next step in our efforts to help ensure that the American public has the information they need to take action to protect themselves and their families before, and ring, disasters and other emergencies,」 FCC Chairman Kevin Martin said, following approval of the plan.
Participation in the alert system by carriers -telecommunications companies is voluntary, but it has received support from the wireless instry.
The program would be optional for cell phone users. They also may not be charged for receiving alerts.
There would be three different types of messages, according to the rules.
The first would be a national alert from the president, likely involving a natural disaster. The second would involve 「approaching threats」, which could include natural disasters like hurricanes or storms or even university shootings. The third would be for child abction (綁架) emergencies, or so-called Amber Alerts.
The service could be in place by 2010.( 2008年高考英語山東卷B篇)
66. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A. Cell Phone Alerts Protecting Students
B. Cell Phone Alerts by Wireless Instry
C. Cell Phone Alerts of National Disasters
D. Cell Phone Alerts Coming Soon
解析:D。主旨大意題。第一段開門見山,提出將創建一個全國性的簡訊警報系統;最後一段重申主題,對這種新系統的未來進行展望。因此最准確的標題是D。A項錯在protecting students;B項錯在by wireless instry;C項錯在National Disasters。
4、詞義句意題解題技巧
要求考生通過閱讀上下文,結合中學生應有的賞識來推測尚不熟悉的詞或者片語的意思。出現特徵:劃線或者引號
解題方法之一:根據上下文,往往是本句中的同位關系進行猜測。
Weeks later, standing before this unfriendly mass, I was totally lost. Oh well, I lowered the paper and sat down at my desk, burning to find out what I had done wrong. As a classmate began his report, it all became clear, 「My report is on George Washington, the man who started the American Revolution.」 The whole world became quite! How could I know that she meant that George Washington?
62. The underlined word 「burning」 in Para. 3 probably means _______.(2012年北京,B篇,62,答案D)
A. annoyed B. ashamed C. ready D. eager
解析:從burning這個詞來說,意為「發熱的,強烈的,燃燒的`」,後面緊跟動詞片語「find out」說明在尋找時刻的心情是很緊張和急迫的,最後是一個賓語從句,是我曾經做錯過什麼,那麼這個題目顯然就是選擇和「渴望的,熱切的」詞義,顯然為D選項。
5、結構順序題解題技巧
常見提問方式:
How is the passage organized?
Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?
The author develops the passage mainly by….
解題思路:
(1) 注意主題段。主題段通常在文章的開頭,簡要概括文章的中心思想,
(2) 找出或者總結每段的主題句。主題句可能在段落的開頭,也可能出現在段落的中間或末尾。如何確定主題句的方法見主旨題之main idea型。
(3) 最後根據每段主題確定段與段之間的結構關系,承上啟下,使文章行文連貫,邏輯嚴密。為突出主題,作者可能採用不同的寫作手法來組織文章,通過舉例、比較、類比等手法來透徹闡明主題觀點。
The Diet Zone: A Dangerous Place
Diet Coke, diet Pepsi, diet pills, no-fat diet, vegetable diet… We are surrounded by the word 「diet」 everywhere we look and listen. We have so easily been attracted by the promise and potential of diet procts that we have stopped thinking about what diet procts are doing to us. We are paying for procts that harm us psychologically and physically(身體上).
Diet procts significantly weaken us psychologically. On one level, we are not allowing our brain to admit that our weight problems lie not in actually losing the weight, but in controlling the consumption of fatty, high-calorie, unhealthy foods. Diet procts allow us to jump over the thinking stage and go straight for the scale(秤)instead. All we have to do is to swallow or recognize the word 「diet」 in food labels.
On another level, diet procts have greater psychological effects. Every time we have a zero-calorie drink, we are telling ourselves without our awareness that we don't have to work to get results. Diet procts make people believe that gain comes without pain, and that life can be without resistance and struggle.
The danger of diet procts lies not only in the psychological effects they have on us, but also in the physical harm that they cause. Diet foods can indirectly harm our bodies because consuming them instead of healthy foods means we are preventing our bodies from having basic nutrients(營養成分). Diet foods and diet pills contain zero calories only because the diet instry has created chemicals to proce these wonder procts. Diet procts may not be nutritional, and the chemical that go into diet procts are potentially dangerous.
Now that we are aware of the effects that diet procts have on us, it is time to seriously think about buying them. Losing weight lies in the power of minds, not in the power of chemicals. Once we realize this, we will be much better able to resist diet procts, and therefore prevent the psychological harm that comes from using them. (2008高考英語北京卷E篇)
75. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?
解析:文章第一段點明節食產品在誤導人們;第二段說明節食產品對人們心理上的影響;第三段說明節食產品誤導人們認為不費勁就可以減肥,即對人們身體上的危害;第四段說明節食產品的危害;第五段說明人們應該慎重對待節食產品,故從文章結構上看應該是B項正確。
二、七選五型閱讀
考生需要在語篇信息存在缺失的情況下,准確理解整篇文章,特別是設題部位前後句的邏輯關系,通過上下文的線索進行判斷,預測下文,然後做出正確判斷。
命題分析:我們如果把整篇文章看成一個信息群,這個信息群實際上是由兩大信息版塊構成的:
已知信息:原文在五處空缺之外的沒有被挖掉的信息
待選信息:七個待選選項中的信息
這兩個信息板塊間絕不是孤立的,而是有緊密的互動邏輯關系,連起來是一篇完整的文章。
考試題型對學生的考察能力來看無外乎兩個方面:
(1) 把握整篇文章的布局和邏輯層次關系
(2) 把握微觀信息間關聯性(即空格前後句間關系)
解題方法:詞彙同現、詞彙復現、代詞妙用、數字線索、邏輯線索。
Muzak
The next time you go into a bank, a store, or a supermarket, stop and listen. What do you hear? _____ (71) It's similar to the music you listen to, but it's not exactly the same. That's because this music was especially designed to relax you, or to give you extra energy. Sometimes you don't even realize the music is playing, but you react to the music anyway.
Quiet background music used to be called 「elevator (電梯) music」 because we often heard it in elevators. But lately we hear it in more and more places, and it has a new name 「Muzak」. About one-third of the people in America listen to 「Muzak」 everyday. The music plays for 15 minutes at a time, with short pauses in between. It is always more lively between ten and eleven in the morning, and between three and four in the afternoon, when people are more tired.______ (72)
If you listen to Muzak carefully, you will probably recognize the names of many of the songs. Some musicians or songwriters don't want their songs to be used as Muzak, but others are happy when their songs are chosen. Why? _____ (73)
Music is often played in public places because it is designed to make people feel less lonely when they are in an airport or a hotel. It has been proven that Muzak does what it is designed to do. Tired office workers suddenly have more energy when they hear the pleasant sound of Muzak in the background. _____ (74)Supermarket shoppers buy 38 percent more groceries.
_____ (75)They say it's boring to hear the same songs all the time. But other people enjoy hearing Muzak in public places. They say it helps them relax and feel calm. One way or another, Muzak affects everyone. Some farmers even say their cows give more milk when they hear Muzak!( 2010年高考英語北京卷)
A. Some people don't like Muzak.
B. The music gives them extra energy.
C. Music is playing in the background.
D. Factory workers proce 13 percent more.
E. Muzak tends to help people understand music better.
F. They ge t as much as $4 million a year if their songs are used.
G. Muzak is played in most of the big supermarkets in the world.
答案:CBFDA
代詞妙用:代詞指代前面提到的thing, 所以只要找到與代詞含義一致的詞就可搞定。
71空格後面出現「It's similar to the music you listen to,」那麼我們只要分析出其中的「it」的具體指代即可,通過題目及略讀下文,我們很容易知道該文介紹一種音樂,而且第一段故作懸念,一直未給出其名字,所以我們只要找到選項中包含音樂一詞而沒有點名繆扎克一詞的即可,很容易鎖定BC選項,因為B項意義與下文相去甚遠,故舍B取C沒商量。
75空格後出現「They say it's boring to hear the same songs all the time.」,同理,我們就要確定「they」的具體指代,首先由於「say」的出現,我們鎖定「they」為人的復數,所以輕松鎖定ADF,所謂真金不怕火來煉,D顯然邏輯不通,F由於其主語也為人,段落第一句永遠不會出現意思不明的代詞(we, you 除外,因為它們可以明確指代廣義的人),故輕松排除F選出真金A。
72此題雖然不是明顯的後文出現代詞,但其前亦有代詞出現,「It is always more lively between ten and eleven in the morning,」下文承接上文,肯定有聯系,找出「it」的具體指代-the music, 輕松選出B項。(註:也可應用詞彙復現法)
詞彙復現法:情非得已時選擇的一種方法,知道與前後文中有詞彙重復的選項即可,有時也可指含義一致的詞彙,如72
73前文中「but others are happy when their songs are chosen」有「their songs」, F項亦有相同詞彙出現,放進去,意思通曉明白,搞定。
74後文中「Supermarket shoppers buy 38 percent more groceries.有」percent more「,D項亦有相同詞彙出現,且意思連貫,選出即可。
72題中前句中出現」when people are more tired. 「能夠與」tired「相對應的四選項中只有」energy「,累了對應能量,亦可做出此題。
;『玖』 如何區分高考英語細節題與推理題
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5.圖表圖畫題
在有圖表圖畫的閱讀理解中,有的圖表圖畫出現在閱讀理解文章中,有的出現在選項中,這些圖片的出現增加了試題的直觀性,同時也暗含著和文章內容相關的信息。在解答此類試題的時候,一定要把握圖表圖畫所暗含的信息,特別是有些事實是通過圖表圖畫來敘述的,我們可以採用按圖尋找正確答案的方法。
eg:The chart shows that from 2005 to 2008, .
A.the percentage of the Spanish families with a computer rose 35 points B.the percentage of the White families with a computer remained unchanged C.the number of the Black families with a computer was on the decrease
D.the number of the Asian families with a computer showed the sharpest increase 【易錯點、易混點歸納】
細節理解題是閱讀理解的主要題型,在近幾年高考閱讀題中佔到60%~70%。針對這一題型,信息錯位是考生經濟犯的毛病。問題在於考生在緊張的考試過程中閱讀不細,未找准題目所依據的事實。另外,長句難句也是閱讀理解的一大障礙,考生對某些長句難句理解不透徹,造成歧義。再者,考生沒有對干擾項回原文進行驗證。因此,了解細節題干擾項的特點也有助於考生提高答題的正確率。一般情況下,干擾項有如下幾個特點:
1.文不對題:選項中的描述與原文完全一致,確屬原文信息,但不是題目要求的內容;
2.主觀臆斷:選項內容是根據主觀想像或推測得出的結論,符合常識,但不符合文章內容;
3.偷換概念:把原來做某事的「張三」換成「李四」,所述細節確實與原文一致,一不小心就會誤選。
4.將原文內容擴大或縮小:與原文的內容極其相似,只是在范圍或程度上有些變動; 5.無中生有:在意思上與原文大相徑庭甚至完全相反; 6.選項內容部分正確,部分錯誤。 【應對方法】 1.「逆向法」。先讀題乾和四個選項,再根據內容篩選、提取有用信息。讀題的時候,要抓住題干中的關鍵詞,然後帶著關鍵詞仔細閱讀文章相關內容。
2.「排除法」。排除選項時,注意與原文的異同,特別注意中心詞的限定語,如名詞的定語、動詞狀語等是否與原文一致,選項中的動詞時態是否與原文一致。
3.對長句難句的處理鷲分析句子結構,明確主體成分,剔隊長細枝末節。
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推理判斷題
1.細節推理題
抓住某一段話中的關鍵信息,即某些關鍵詞或短語去分析、推理、判斷、結合上下文或上下句推斷出這句話所隱含的深層含義。在推斷中,我們要嚴格依據作者所陳述的細節、事實,找出能夠表露作者思想傾向和感情色彩的詞語,然後利用自己已獲得的相關知識進行推理判斷,從而得出符合邏輯的結論。
(1)When she looked ahead,florence Chadwick saw nothing but a solid wall of fog.Her body was numb.She had been swimming for nearly sixteen hours.Already she was the first woman to swim across the English Channel in both directions.Now at the age of 34,her goal was to become the first woman to swim from Catalina to the California coast.
On that fourth of July morning 1952,the sea was like an ice bath and the fog was so dense.She could hardly see her support boats.Sharks cruised toward her figure,only to be driven away by rifle shots.Against the frigid grip of the sea,she struggled on,hour after hour,while millions watched on national television.
Alongside Flrence in one of the boats,her mother and her trainer offered encouragement.They told her it wasn』t much farther.But all she could see was fog.They urged her not to quit.She never had…until then.With only a half mile to go,she asked to be pulled out.
What does「she never had …」in the third paragraph mean?
A.She had never been so desperate. B.She had never thought of giving it up.
C.She had never seen such thick fog. D.She had never swum across the strait before. (2)Decision-thinking is not unlike poker—it often matters not only what you think,but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think.The mental process(過程)is similar.Naturally,this card game has often been of considerable interest to people who are,by any standards,good thinkers.
The great mathematician John von Neumann was one of the founders of game theory.In particular,he showed that all games fall into two classes;there are what he called games of「perfect information」,games like chess where the players can』t hide anything or play tricks;they don』t win by chance,but by means of logic and skills.Then there are games of「imperfect information」,like poker,in which it is impossible to know in advance that one course of action is better than another.
One mistaken idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information.Quite the reverse,business,politics,life itself are games which we must normally play with very imperfect information.Business decisions are often made with many unknown and unknowable factors(因素),which would ever puzzle best poker players.But few business people find it comfortable to admit that they are taking a chance,and many still prefer to believe that they are playing chess,not poker.
An important factor in a game of imperfect information is . A.rules B.luck C.time D.ideas 2.推測文章的觀點或結論
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推測文章的觀點或結論的語言表達形式有:
(1)It can be inferred from the passage that .
(2)What conclusion can be drawn from the passage? (3)From the passage we can conclude that .
這類問題問的不一定是全文的中心思想或作者的全部觀點,而可能只是文章中的某一觀點。但要推測出文中的某一觀點,仍離不開對全文主要觀點或中心思想的把握。