英語閱讀理解神經質長壽
Ⅰ 高考英語閱讀理解訓練題(2)
29. What’s the purpose of the first paragraph?
A. To ask readers to think about it.
B. To introce the topic to readers.
C. To discuss the problem with readers
D. To ask readers to answer the question
30. From the passage, we know_____.
A. maximisers always get the best job
B. maximisers would rather be fast than thorough
C. maximisers sometimes consider every possible option
D. maximisers are more satisfied with their salaries than satisfivers
31. Why do satisficers feel better than maximisers?
A. Because they feel content with their choices
B. Because they have time to make a good decision
C. Because they have no patience to make decisions
D. Because they have a higher demand for their jibs.
32. According to the last paragraph, Hu advises us to_____.
A. increase the range of options B. spend time making decisions
C. accept that nothing is perfect D. stick to the decision we made
D
Forget countless glasses of water or getting your beauty sleep. The secret of looking young is simply to protect your face from the sun. A new study shows that those who avoid the sun’s rays look younger than they actually are. However, other supposed rules, from drinking lots of water to sleeping well and exercising regularly, failed to hold back the hands of time.
The finding comes from a study of 231 women of all ages who were quizzed about their living habits, including whether they were sun-worshippers. It didn’t take into account the sleep pattern. Then researchers from Massachusetts General Hospital guessed how old the women were. Those who took care in the sun tended to have aged more slowly. A lucky four had so few wrinkles and age spots that they appeared to be two decades younger than they really were.
Alexa Kimball, a professor of dermatology (皮膚學), says the popular idea that we drink lots of water to stay healthy is a myth and the body is good at judging how much we need. Previous research by the British Nutrition Foundation(BNF)reached a similar conclusion. Just drinking water for the sake of drinking water really has no effect on improving the skin.
A second study suggested that low-level day to day exposure to the sun is more ageing than occasional stay in the hot sun. Finally, DNA examination of tiny samples of the women’s skin gave some insight into the damage done by the sun.
Health experts claim that when women become old, the cells of the skin can be tired out. So they urge women should care about their face year round and not just when on a beach holiday. Besides, wearing the sunscreen every day can make a difference.
33. What do we know about the study?
A. It mainly focused on sleeping
B. The women were of the same age.
C. Four women looked 20 years younger
D. Low-level daily exposure is younger than occasional stay
34. What does Alexa Kimball agree with?
A. The body is made up of water.
B. The BNF is quite against his view.
C. Drinking water can improve the skin.
D. People shouldn’t rely on water to improve the skin
35. Which is suggested by health experts?
A. Women should avoid tiredness.
B. The sunscreen can do harm to the skin
C. Daily protection of the face is important
D. There is no need to protect the face in winter
第二節(共5小題;每小題2分，滿分10分)根據短文內容，從短文後的.選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多餘選項。
A little bit of kindness
In our life there are times when we don’t take action because we feel the act of kindness is too little and that it won’t make a difference. 36 There are many different ways we can show kindness to others
Some people might think that they do not have a chance to give small acts of kindness. 37 For example, if you ride on a bus, have you ever said good morning to the bus driver or do you just ignore him or her and go to your seat? A simple good morning tells the person that you acknowledge him/her. 38
When you go to the supermarket of grocery store, do you hold the door open for a young woman pushing her baby in a stroller(嬰兒車)? 39 When you are at school, do you say good morning to your classmates or just go about your study without acknowledging their presence? Or, do you say something kind to those people you meet on the street that ask for money or who are selling various goods?
Generally, a good morning, a door being held open and a kind word are only a few examples of small acts of kindness which can make a difference in ways you may not realize. 40
A. And the list can go on and on.
B. Everyone can do a little bit of kindness.
C. Don’t do anything e to its small kindness
D. Actually these opportunities are everywhere
E. Don’t you just go ahead through it without stopping!
F. And it is even an acknowledgement that can help to brighten a day.
G. However, sometimes the smallest gesture can influence someone’s life.
參考答案:
第一節(共15小題：每小題2分，滿分30分)
21-25 CABAD 26-30 DABBC 31-35 ADCDC
第二節(共5小題：每小題2分，滿分10分)
36-40 GDFEA
作為一名執教畢業班多年的英語教師，我發現提高學生的英語閱讀理解能力至關重要。一方面，英語閱讀在英語測試中占的分值很高。不管是完型填空、補全短文還是短篇的短文理解，都要求學生有很好的英語閱讀理解能力。閱讀理解能力強與否決定著英語考試的成敗；另一方面，閱讀是在英語學習中要求學生掌握的四種基本技能之一。北京市特級教師王英民說過：「不會閱讀就不會學英語，閱讀是基礎，沒有閱讀，就不會有很好的聽力，沒有閱讀，就更談不上寫作。」英語閱讀能提高讀者的認識能力，從而促進其他三種技能（聽、說和寫）能力的提高。閱讀也能使人增長見識，拓寬視野。但是在教學中發現，許多學生在閱讀方面存在著困難，不知道正確的閱讀方法。本篇文章將從三個方面出發，主要闡述用什麼樣的方法來增長語言知識，養成良好的閱讀習慣，應該注意哪些閱讀技巧，進而提高中學生的英語閱讀能力，提高閱讀效率。
一、盡可能多的記憶英語單詞，增加自己的詞彙量
掌握一定數量的單詞是提高閱讀理解能力的前提。如果有大量的生疏的單詞,英語短文閱讀起來難度很大。所以掌握一定數量的單詞是學生提高英語閱讀能力的前提和保證。在農村中學，由於受到特定環境的制約和影響，學生在記憶單詞方面面臨著很大的困難。尤其現行的牛津英語的教材詞彙量擴大了不少，記憶的難度就更大了。記憶單詞的方法有很多種，在教學中我經常使用的有以下幾種：
1．詞彙表「八到」記憶法
這是中學生使用最多的方法之一，即將生詞表和人的器官相結合：眼裡看到、心裡想到、手裡寫到、嘴裡拿到、耳朵聽到、（結合實物還可以）鼻子嗅到、舌頭嘗到、手指觸到。學生在記憶時不要偷懶，一定要邊記邊比劃，把各個器官充分調動起來。這種方法使學生把目標詞彙與自己的大腦神經聯系，易記憶深刻，印象持久。
2．分類記憶法
即分析單詞的形態，將所要記得單詞根據其義、形、音進行分類。例如，按音標的拼讀規則記憶單詞，按詞性變化記憶單詞，按同音記憶單詞，教師還可教給學生關於英語詞根和詞綴的知識等；通過詞根加前綴或後綴可派生出新的單詞，將兩個或更多的詞放在一起，可合成新的單詞。
3．聯想記憶法
蘇聯著名心理學家巴甫洛夫指出：「記憶要依靠聯想，而聯想則是新舊正式建立聯系的產物。」美國心理學家威廉·詹姆士也說：「記憶的秘訣就是根據我們想記住的各種材料來進行各種各樣的聯想，而這些聯想就成了各種資料的釣鉤，萬一資料沉沒腦海，我們就可以通過聯想這樣的釣鉤將資料鉤出來。」充分運用發散思維展開自己的想像力，使所要記憶的英語單詞，生動、形象和具體化，使生詞與熟詞之間建立一種聯系，從而達到以舊帶新，快速記憶的目的。
除了記憶生詞表內的詞彙外，學生對於課外的詞彙尤其是熱門詞彙、新詞彙要知道意思。在閱讀材料時，常常會出現一些最新詞彙和縮寫等，如果不清楚，很可能影響對全文的理解。
二、 在平時教學中，注重培養學生的英語閱讀興趣
剛開始時，由於受各種原因的影響，學生對英語文章存在著一定的心理負擔和畏難情緒。教師要定期對學生進行一定量的訓練，一日一篇短文，用「蠶食」的方式來逐步訓練學生。在選材時，文章體裁多樣化，涉及面要廣，趣聞性要強。除了課本中的閱讀材料，教師還應該收集一些與學生水平相當、難度不太大、貼近學生生活、讓學生易感興趣的文章作為課外閱讀訓練材料。例如，可以使用一些關於西方國家風土人情、節日禮儀等方面的文章，還可以使用關於外國校園生活、笑話、寓言故事等文章。在學生讀後，要求他們做一定的習題，或寫出內容概要，這樣既可以提高學生英語閱讀理解能力，又可以訓練他們的口語、書寫能力。
在學生的英語閱讀達到一定水平後，教師可結合考試常見的閱讀題型，如說明文、科普文章等，讓其練習。對學生遇到的困難要鼓勵他們認真思考，推敲，要學會結合上下文理解文章的意思。可定期舉辦一些英語閱讀競賽，提供閱讀材料，要求學生在規定的時間內完成閱讀，要充分肯定他們的成績，讓他們感到一定的成功感。
三、 教會學生正確的閱讀方法，明確目的，提高做題正確率
我們閱讀的目的是為了從材料中獲取有用的相關的信息，目的不同，題目要求不同，我們閱讀的方法也不同，主要方法和技巧有以下幾點：
1．如若學生只想知道文章的主旨和中心意思，只需要瀏覽或略讀即可
在閱讀時，重點讀文章的首句（段）和末句（段）。因為文章的中心思想和主要意思或事情的結果大都是在文章的開頭或結尾的。
2．如若學生想對文章的具體細節進行了解，就要進行精讀
逐句逐段進行閱讀，了解事件發生的開始、經過、結果，這對於掌握具體事實的細節有很大的幫助。
3．如果篇幅過大，故事性不強，時間又有限，學生可根據訓練題目來進行有目的的選讀
4．在閱讀過程中，難免會遇到不熟悉或不認識的生詞，影響理解
若是不重要的詞彙，要求他們可以不要理會，若影響文章的理解，學生們可以結合上下文進行推敲、猜測。用這種方法，有時可以幫助文章的理解。
除了注意閱讀方法，在平時訓練的時候，還要注意閱讀習慣和時間的合理分配。有的學生習慣出聲閱讀，還有的學生習慣用手指或筆指著閱讀，都是不可取的。在很多情況下，尤其是考試的時候，既打擾別人，也耽誤時間。學生要養成默讀的習慣，在閱讀時，要心無雜念，擴大視幅，減少回視。將精力全部集中在閱讀的材料上，節約時間。教師在平時練習的時候，也可給學生限定時間，要求他們在規定時間內完成，盡量少查或不查詞典，加快閱讀節奏，為在考試中取得好的閱讀成績打下基礎。
閱讀理解是英語知識綜合運用的體現，是進行英語教學的重要版塊，是讀者獲得信息的重要途徑。只有掌握了閱讀的技巧和方法，堅持訓練，才會取得良好的效果。我們在實際地閱讀教學中，提倡精讀和泛讀相結合，課內閱讀和課外閱讀相結合，培養學生的閱讀能力，挖掘每個學生學習語言的潛能，有效地提高他們的語言綜合運用能力。
2019年6月大學英語四級閱配殲讀理解培猛沖訓練：夢
Of all the components of a good night's sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by thelate 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just "mental noise"-the random byprocts of the neural repair work that goes on ring sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is "off line." And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better. "It's your dream," says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychologyat Chicago's Medical Center, "if you don't like it, change it."
he link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright's clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated ring the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don't always think about the emotional significance of the day's events-until, it appears, we begin to dream.
知脊And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualizehow you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.
At the end of the day, there's probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or "we wake up in panic," Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people's anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings.Sleep-or rather dream-on it and you'll feel better in the morning.
練習題：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.By saying that 「dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat," (Lines 4-5, Para. 1) the researchers mean that _______.
A.we can think logically in the dreams too
B.dreams can be brought under conscious control
C.dreams represent our unconscious desires and fears
D.dreams can help us keep our mood comparatively stable
2.What did Cartwright find in her clinic?
A.Most bad dreams were followed by happier ones.
B.Divorced couples usually have more bad dreams.
C.One』s dreaming process is related to his emotion.
D.People having negative feelings dream more often.
3.Cartwright believed with much practice，we can learn to _____.
A.control what dreams to dream
B.sleep well without any dreams
C.wake up in time to stop the bad dreams
D.identify what is upsetting about the dreams
4.The author points out that a person who has constant bad dreams should ______
A.learn to control his dreams
B.consult a doctor
C.sleep and dream on it
D.get rid of anxiety first
5.The author most probably thinks that controlling dreams is ______.
A.a good practice
B.a new discovery
C.helpful for everyone
D.not essential for everyone
參考答案及解析
1.[D] 詞義理解題。在第1段第4句中，逗號後面的regulating moods是對emotional thermostat的功能進行解釋說明，因此可以推斷出選項D正確。
2.[C] 事實細節題。最具干擾的是選項A，因為其陳述與第2段第2句的陳述有點相似,但是，此長句說的是大多數人上半夜做噩夢，之後都會做好夢，而不是像選項A中所說大多數噩夢之後是好夢。而且，根據本段第1 句，很明顯，選項C是這一句的近義替換。
3 [C] 推理判斷題。本題考査對代詞的理解。在第3段的最後一句中，代詞it應指上文說到的控制噩夢，及時醒來等做法，因此只有選項C涉及了其中一個做法。選項A太泛了，選項B和D在文中並無提及。
4.[B] 事實細節題。本題考查根據構詞法猜測詞義的能力。解題關鍵是推斷最後一段第3句中therapist的意義，在考綱詞彙表中，therapy是「治療」的意思，因此，therapist應該是專門負責某種治療的醫生，由此可見，選項B是對原文seek help from a therapist的近義替換。
5.[D] 觀點態度題。根據最後一句可以推斷作者認為如無必要，夢還是不要控制的好。做夢會讓你早上感覺舒服一些，因此本題應選D。
2019年6月大學英語四級閱讀理解訓練：機器人跳舞
The dancers stand motionless at their position and the room grows silent. But as the music starts, they began to move, bending, turning and waving their fans gracefully as they perform. a traditional Japanese dance. Yoshihiro Kuroki watches in silence, occasionally making notes. But as the dance ends, he beams with happiness. The performance has been flawless.
There have been many performances of traditional Japanese dances over the centuries, but this one is unique,because it is performed not by human dancers but by robots. And the performance takes place not in a dance studio but in a laboratory of Sony Corp.'s Entertainment Robot Co. in Shinagawa, Japan, where Kuroki isgeneral manager. He is the mastermind behind a series of even more capable humanoid entertainment robots,starting with the Sony Dream Robot, or SDR, in 1997, up to the current QRIO in 2003.
These delightful machines are only 58 cm tall, about the size of a newborn infant, weigh about 7 kg, and move with 38 degrees of freedom, each with its own servomotor(輔助馬達).
QRIO's predecessor, the SDR4X, announced in 2002, can walk, dance, sing, speak, recognize faces, and understand continuous speech. Each robot has two charge-coupled-device cameras to detect color and position andcan locate a colored ball, move toward it, and kick it into a goal. It also has contact sensors in severaljoints to avoid pinching real human fingers. Seeing the robot perform, it is difficult to remember that there is no sentience(知覺)behind those glass eyes.
練習題：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.Which of the following is the most suitable title of this passage?
A.New Entertainment Robots Proced in Japan.
B.QRIO the Robot Dancers.
C.Robots Man's Best Friend.
D.An Extraordinary Performance in Sony's Lab.
2.Yoshihiro Kuroki ______.
A.is excited when the robots are performing a traditional Japanese dance
B.keeps silent because he is a little unsatisfied with the new proct
C.witnesses the creation of a series of entertainment robots
D.is an executive manager of Sony Corp.
3.Which aspect of the robots is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A.The vividness of their motion.
B.Their pleasant appearance.
C.Their smart designing principles.
D.Their communicative ability.
4.The Sony Dream Robot was___
A.the first human-like entertainment robot developed by the Sony Corp
B.as capable as the QRIO of speaking,dancing,singing and walking
C.largest among all the entertainment robot developed by the Sony Corp
D.the first entertainment robot sold at the market by the Sony Corp
5.The robot can locate colored balls by mens of ____
A.a charge-coupled device
B.two cameras
C.two contacts sensors
D.a digital detector
參考答案及解析
1.[A] 主旨大意題。標題需要既全面又突出地概括文章的主題。本文先是描述「舞蹈演員」，然後揭曉這是些「機器人」(第2段第1句)，接著對Sony公司的一些機器人產品進行詳細介紹。選項A比較全面地概括了文章內容。選項B、D只是涉及細節，不能全面地概括本文的內容。而C又過於籠統，不具有針對性。
2.[C] 事實細節題。選項C符合第2段最後一句「He is the mastermind behind a series of... robots...」。仔細閱讀有關的細節信息會發現,第1段第3句可幫助否定選項A。第1段最後兩句可幫助否定選項B。另外，根據第2段倒數第2句可否定選項D。
3.[D] 事實細節題。全文分四段，分別討論機器人三方面的特點：第1段和第2段描述機器人舞蹈演員栩栩如生的表演，即選項A;第3段描寫它們的外表，即選項B;第4段介紹它們巧妙的設計，即選項C;只有選項D是沒有提到的，故為答案。
4.[A] 推理判斷題。該句中的分詞結構「starting with...」表明the Sony Dream Robot是第一個人形娛樂機器人，因此選項A正確。文章在最後一段的第1句提到兩種能說話、跳舞的機器人，但沒有提到SDR是否和它們一樣，由此可否定選項B。在第3段討論機器人大小的時候也沒有提到SDR體型最大，因此選項C不正確。選項D在文中沒有討論到。
5.[B] 事實細節題。該句中「two…cameras to...」的結構表明這兩個攝像頭可以用於定位，所以選項B正確。選項A在該句中也有提到，但它只是攝像機的工作機制，而不是用於定位的裝置。選項C在下一句提到，但與題干提到的定位功能無關。選項D在文中並未提及。
2019年6月大學英語四級閱讀理解訓練：決定嬰兒性別
Henry III didn't know much about biology. He went through six wives back in the 1500s, looking for one whocould bear him a son. Scientists now know that it's the father's sperm, not the mother's egg, which determines whether a baby is a boy or a girl. And last week researchers at the Genetics and IVF Institute, a private fertility(生育能力)center in Virginia, announced a new technique that will allow parents to choose the sex of their baby-to-be, before it has even been conceived. The scientist used a tiny laser detector to measure the DNA in millions of sperm cells as they pass single file through a narrow tube, like cattle being herded through a corral(牲口欄). In a study published last week, "girl sperm," which has more DNA—the genetic material— in each cell, was collected, while "boy sperm" was discarded. And when purified girl sperm was used to impregnate(使受孕)a group of mothers, 15 of 17 resulting babies turned out to be girls.
The researchers say that "sex selection" can also double a mother's chance of having a son and can be usedto avoid genetic diseases that affect only one gender, such as hemophilia(血友病). But some experts, like New York University fertility specialist Dr. Jamie Grifo, worry that sex selection could lead to a kind ofin uteri(子宮)discrimination, especially in cultures where sons are considered superior to daughters. "It's valuing one gender' over another," Grifo says. "I don't think that's something we should be doing." So far, patients at the institute have been asking for both boys and girls, in order to "balance" their families. And some ethics experts say that's fine, as long as parents are just looking for a little gender variety. "If you have three boys, and you want a girl," says University of Texas reproctive-law professor John Robertson, "that's not gender bias at all."
練習題：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.The DNA in the sperm cells can be measured ______.
A.in the same way how the cattle are herded
B.when they pass through a tube one behind the other
C.after they pass through a laser tube
D.when they are scanned by a laser detector all at a time
2.The gender of the baby is decided by ______.
A.the father's DNA
B.the mother's DNA
C.the father's sperm
D.the mother's egg
3.According to this passage, the practice of "sex selection" ______.
A.can help to prevent all genetic problems
B.is totally unacceptable to ethics experts
C.was already realized five hundred years ago
D.will benefit families with certain inheritable diseases
4.Girl sperm was preferred to boy sperm in the research most probably because____
A.girl sperm contains more genetic material
B.more mother want to have girl babies
C.girl sperm is healthier and more active
D.girl sperm is more easily purified
5.It can be concluded from the passage that author』s toward」sex selection」is____
A.negative
B.positive
C.neutral
D.favorable
參考答案及解析
1.[B] 推理判斷題。解答本題的關鍵在於推斷single file的意思。該句把精子通過試管的情形與牛群被趕入牲口圈的情形作對比，結合single一詞本身的意思，可以推斷single file是「一個接一個」的意思，只有選項B能表達這個意思，由此也可否定選項D。選項A最具干擾性，原句是把精子通過試管的情形比作牛群被趕人牲口圈的情形，而選項A說的是測定精子內DNA的方法與放牧的方法相同，顯然選項A只是引用了原文的某些詞語，但表達的意思與原文卻截然不同。
2.[C] 事實細節題。第1段第3句which引導的非限制性定語從句修飾的是the father's sperm，而不是插入語the mother』s egg,因此選項C正確。
3.[D] 推理判斷題。第2段第1句中的genetic暗示有些疾病是遺傳的，即如選項D所述。第2段第1句同時表明選項A的說法是不全面的。選項B與第2段最後兩句正好相反。第1段前兩句說明選項C是錯誤的。
4.[A] 事實細節題。第1段倒數第2句中的由which引導的定語從句表明選項A的敘述正確。
5.[C] 觀點態度題。文章第2段中作者給出了一些反對者和贊成者的觀點，但是沒有加以評論，可以看出作者的態度是中立的，故選項C正確。
Ⅳ 2015-2016高三外研版英語周報第六期答案
2015-2016學年上學期高三外研綜合（OT）第6期參考答案及解析
Book 2 Moles 5-6
參考答案及部分解析
參考答案
1-5 ACCCB 6-10BBACB
11-15 ACBCC 16-20ABACA
21-25 BCDCD 26-30CBCBC
31-35 DDCCD 36-40ACDEB
41-45 ACCDD 46-50BABCA
51-55 CDCBD 56-60ABADC
61. amazing 62. where
63. At 64.are decorated
65. performance 66.what
67. speaking 68.totally
69. a 70.to talk
短文改錯：
71. ... the small boy ... the → a
72. ... was approached me ... 去掉was
73. ... an eagerly look ...
eagerly → eager
74. ... they were cheaper.
cheaper → cheap
75. ... any of their ... their → his
76. ... I gave the boy ... gave → give
77. ... couldn't bother us.
couldn't → wouldn't
78. ... to my friends ... friends → friend
79. ... the boy think ... think前加to
80. ... by doing nothing. nothing → something
One possible version:
As we can see from the picture, a man istrying to dive into the water to save a drowning person but is stopped bysomeone else.
Helping others in trouble is one of thetraditional virtues of the Chinese nation. However, many people won't do itnow. They think it might cause trouble to themselves and they don't think it'sworthwhile to save others at the risk of their own lives. They fail to thinkabout what others will do if they are in danger.
Helping others is a kind of spirit manypeople lack now. Let's try our best to maintain it.
部分解析茄兆飢
閱讀理解：
A篇（家庭）
本文是記敘文。一位美國士兵突然回家給家人帶來驚喜。
21. B。細節理解題。由第三段顫返中的The military no longer has leave, so if you come home you have topay for it可知，Kern這次回家是請了無薪假。
22. C。推理判斷題。由第七段中的Pearl apparently didn't recognize her father and walked right pasthim可推斷，Pearl見到父親時像看到陌生人一樣沒有反應。
23. D。詞義猜測題。由第十段開頭的They gave him a full uniform and kept him in the back可猜滲推斷，飯店方面支持並參與了這場精心策劃的團聚。故劃線部分的意思應該是「參與團聚」。
24. C。推理判斷題。由第十段開頭的They gave him a full uniform and kept him in the back可推斷，Woldoff的婆婆之所以沒有認出Kern來是因為他穿著服務員的制服。
B篇（飲食）
本文是說明文。文章主要介紹了泡菜如何成為三明治的必備配菜。
25. D。細節理解題。由第二段中的The pickle became popular in the U.S. though when the first Jewishimmigrants came to New York可知。
26. C。細節理解題。由第二段中的used the pickle as a palate cleanser. The acidity allows you toexperience the sharp contrast in flavors and more fully appreciate the taste ofyour sandwich可知，泡菜被用來充當味覺清潔劑的作用。故C項正確。
27. B。段落大意題。由第三段開頭的the pickle's popularity grew及下文提到的「泡菜戰爭」和泡菜節可推斷，本段主要講泡菜越來越受歡迎。
28. C。推理判斷題。由最後一段中的the pickle is now the most commonly used side dish for a sandwichand the combination makes up the majority of all pickle consumption可推斷，大部分泡菜被用作三明治的配菜。
C篇（交通）
本文是議論文。文章建議立法者通過禁止司機使用手持電話的提案。
29. B。篇章結構題。由下文的in the Legislature's Transportation Committee last week opposing aproposal可推斷，劃線詞指代立法者。作者開篇幽默地挖苦立法者因為被手機干擾而沒有做出正確的決斷。
30. C。細節理解題。由第三段中的unless the driver is typing or reading a text message, he can't bepunished可知，在緬因州司機開車時讀簡訊屬於分心駕駛，會被懲罰。
31. D。細節理解題。由第七段末的Both devices, researchers say, require the same amount of mentalfocus to use可知，這項研究表明使用免提裝置和手持電話所需要的精力差不多。
32. D。寫作目的題。由第一段末的to ban the use of hand-held cellphones by drivers及最後一段末的They should take a step thisyear可推斷，作者寫作此文是為了建議緬因州通過關於司機使用手持電話的禁令。
D篇（社會）
本文是說明文。南極企鵝郵局的工作吸引了很多申請者。
33. C。細節理解題。由第二段中的taking care of the 70,000 cards posted each year可知。
34. C。細節理解題。由第三段中的One reason for the increase in applications ... was the airing ofthe documentary Penguin Post Office可知，紀錄片的播放是申請者增多的原因之一。
35. D。推理判斷題。由第五段末的Above all, successful candidates need to be passionate about theAntarctic可推斷，這項工作最重要的條件是申請者要對南極有強烈的熱愛。
七選五：
話題：科普知識
本文是說明文。文章解釋了撓癢癢會越撓越癢的原因。
36. A。A項與上文的Got anitch?相呼應，並且下文的Scratchingan itch can make it worse與A項是因果關系。
37. C。C項與上文的causes amild sensation of pain及下文的Yet pain signals that travel to your brain relieve the itching onlytemporarily相呼應。
38. D。根據第一段末的serotonin, which makes the itching more intense及此空前的serotonin ... moving frompain-sensing nerve cells to those that influence itch intensity可推斷，撓癢癢的結果是使血清素從有痛感的神經細胞轉移到影響癢的強度的神經細胞，從而使人感覺更癢。故D項正確。
39. E。E項與下文的Notexactly, says Chen. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter. It is involved in growth,aging, and mood regulation. Blocking serotonin would ... 相呼應。
40. B。B項與上文的Theresearchers are looking for other ways to break the cycle so they can helppeople with itchy conditions. One possibility ... 相呼應。
完形填空：
話題：個人情況
本文是記敘文。文章講述了一位巡警救牧羊犬的故事。
41. A。由上文的rescued a German shepherd可推斷，此處是說Ague扛著一隻「狗（dog）」。
42. C。由下文的Amazing people still do exist可推斷，Ague救狗的照片獲得了很多「贊賞的（admiring）」評論。
43. C。由上文的posted to Facebook可推斷，該評論是臉譜網的一位使用者「寫（wrote）」的。
44. D。由下文的involved in the crash可知，附近發生了一起交通「事故（accident）」。
45. D。事故中的兩只狗從「現場（scene）」逃走了。
46. B。由倒數第五段中的She ran two miles from the crash可知，有人看到一隻德國牧羊犬在「跑（running）」。
47. A。從當時的位置來看，巡警可以「確定（tell）」狗朝西跑了。
48. B。由第一段中的patrol officer可知，Ague的同事也是「警察（officers）」。
49. C。巡警們讓狗停下來，「但是（but）」每次巡邏車一停下狗就跑開了。
50. A。由下文的Mya ... stopped running及倒數第三段末的to her owner's car可推斷，巡警們給狗的「主人（owner）」打了電話。
51. C。主人到了以後，狗「終於（finally）」不跑了。
52. D。由上文的the dog wouldn't move at all可推斷，Ague意識到狗「有毛病了（wrong）」。
53. C。由下文的the skin on her feet was hanging off可推斷，狗的腳受傷了，不「能（could）」動了。
54. B。「由於（e to）」狗跑得太遠，結果腳受傷了。
55. D。意識到狗不能動後，Ague想到的「唯一（only）」能做的事就是把狗扛起來。
56. A。由上文的pick her up可知。
57. B。由第二段中的Nick Ague carrying the ... 可知。
58. A。由上文的Mya's feet were already healed可推斷，現在狗可以「正常地（normally）」走動了。
59. D。由Ague救狗的事例可以推斷他是一個狂熱的動物「愛好者（lover）」。
60. C。事故之後，Ague一心只想著「救（saving）」狗。
語法填空：
61. amazing。考查形容詞。設空處作表語，意為「令人驚異的」，故填amazing。
62. where。考查關系詞。設空處引導定語從句，修飾先行詞setting，且在從句中作地點狀語，故填where。
63. At。考查介詞。at present是固定搭配，意為「目前，現在」。
64. are decorated。考查時態和語態。teahouses與decorate之間是被動關系，且由at present可知，此處用一般現在時，故填are decorated。
65. performance。考查名詞。由設空處前面的不定冠詞可知，此處應填名詞performance。
66. what。考查連接詞。設空處引導主語從句且在從句中作賓語，故填what。
67. speaking。考查非謂語動詞。generally speaking意為「一般來說」。
68. totally。考查副詞。設空處修飾形容詞different，故填副詞totally。
69. a。考查冠詞。as a matter of fact是固定搭配， 意為「事實上」。
70. to talk。考查非謂語動詞。此處用不定式短語表示目的。
選做題參考答案及解析
參考答案
I. 1-5 ACDAC
II. 1-5 DAACB 6-10ABCCD
11-15 BCDCA 16-20 CCBDA
解析
閱讀理解：
話題：科普知識
本文是說明文。文章介紹了抗生素的發明和濫用情況。
1. A。推理判斷題。由第一段中的forgetting to clean several bacteria-filled dishes he had left by awindow ... mold growing in one of the dishes seemed to have destroyed thebacteria可推斷，青黴素的發現純屬意外。
2. C。推理判斷題。由第二段中的Fleming's discovery changed medicine forever及Antibiotics were called 「the wonder drug.」可推斷，青黴素的發明是醫學上的一大突破。
3. D。細節理解題。由第四段中的he explained that some of the bugs in his lab were already resistantto penicillin. Use antibiotics cautiously, he warned可知，Fleming領獎時表達了他對抗生素使用的擔憂。
4. A。推理判斷題。由第五段中的half of all antibiotics go to people who don't need them及第六段末的About 80 percent of antibioticsin the U.S. go to farm animals, not people可推斷，抗生素被濫用了。
5. C。推理判斷題。由最後一段中的When you're teaching someone how to box, if you don't knock him out,he will become a stronger, smarter boxer及The same thing happens with bacteria可推斷，拳擊時如果不把對方打倒，對方就會變得更強大；同樣地，如果抗生素不能殺死細菌，細菌的抗葯性就會變得更強。
完形填空：
話題：健康
本文是說明文。研究表明一般而言人們每天的最佳睡眠時長是七個小時，但具體情況因人而異。
1. D。由本段末的the average suitable amount of sleep across the wholepopulation is actually closer to seven hours可推斷，每晚睡八個小時的說法並不完全「正確（true）」。
2. A。由上文的a solid eight hours of sleep可推斷，此處是指「睡眠（sleep）」的時間。
3. A。平均而言，人們合理的睡眠時間接近「每晚（nightly）」七個小時。
4. C。適量的睡眠「可以使（allows）」一個人醒來時精神煥發。
5. B。由下文的or other stimulants可推斷，此處是指一種能讓人興奮的東西。故選coffee。
6. A。由下文的and found that those indivials who were asleep ... 可推斷，這項研究「分析了（analyzed）」一些關於睡眠的記錄。
7. B。由第一段末的According to a wide variety of studies, the average suitable amountof sleep across the whole population is actually closer to seven hours可推斷，每晚睡七個小時的人比每晚睡八個小時及以上的人長壽。故選lived。
8. C。上文強調合理的睡眠時間對健康的影響，而下文則是另一種截然相反的觀點，即強調健康狀況影響個體的睡眠時間。故選However。
9. C。由下文的study subjects' poor health可推斷，此處應是說長時間的睡眠可能是「健康（health）」狀況欠佳的標志。
10. D。由上文的Long sleep may be a marker of poor ... In other words可推斷，身體不適可能是引起過度睡眠的原因。故選causing。
11. B。睡九個小時及以上和睡五個小時及以下對人體一樣「有害（harmful）」。
12. C。13. D。由第一段中的theamount of ... you need is totally unique to you及最後一段中的the correct amount of sleep for you可推斷，很「重要的（important）」一點是我們要注意到沒有一項研究會告訴一個人他「自己（personally）」需要多長時間的睡眠。
14. C。由下文可知，Dr. Watson建議通過即將到來的假期「算出（figure out）」自己需要的睡眠時間。
15. A。Dr. Watson建議人們假期里「嘗試（Try）」每晚在同一時間睡覺。
16. C。由下文的unlimited sleeping in可推斷，Dr. Watson建議人們在「沒有（without）」鬧鍾的情況下自然醒來。
17. C。採用Dr. Watson的方法，你應該就能知道自己「理想的（ideal）」睡眠時間。
18. B。由下文的The first few nights you may sleep eight to nine hours ... from theweek可推斷，這種計算睡眠時間的方法在「周末（weekend）」不一定有效。
19. D。「如果（if）」你經歷了很疲倦的一周，那麼最初的幾個晚上你可能會睡八到九個小時。
20. A。由下文的or sleep deprived可推斷，此處是說非常「疲倦的（tired）」。
Ⅳ 什麼是神經質
神經質（英語：neuroticism，又譯為情緒不穩定性），是心理學研究中一個基本的人格特質。
情緒不穩定性測驗得分高的人比一般人更容易情緒化、情緒波動大、且更常有以下這些情緒：焦慮、擔憂、害怕、憤怒、挫折、羨慕、忌妒、罪惡感/內疚感、抑鬱、和孤獨感。
他們的抗壓性較差，且有可能將正常情況解釋為威脅，將小挫折看成絕望的困難。 他們通常自我為中心/自以為萬眾注目和害羞，並有可能難以控制沖動和延後讓自己的慾望/需求被滿足的時間。
高度神經質的人，其特質有可能在往後的人生中發展成為許多常見的精神疾病，例如：
憂鬱症、恐懼症（phobia）、恐慌症（panic disorder）、其他焦慮症群（anxiety disorders）、和物質使用疾患（substance use disorder）－這些症狀常被俗稱為神經症（neuroses） 。
情緒不穩定性與低情緒商數（EQ）相關，包戚擾括情緒調節，動機和人際關系技巧較低。
(5)英語閱讀理解神經質長壽擴展閱讀：
形成的關鍵
從上述可見，神經質症形成的關鍵有兩點：一是神經質性格；二是由神經質性格決定的，將注沒仔虧意力過分集中於感知或極力排除症狀。結果使病人生活偏離常軌，陷於惡性循環之中。
神經質是一種具有某些神經症基調的人格特徵，也可理解為神經過敏的特殊氣質。神經質的人對於消極事件有體驗上的偏好。神經質往往會對個體的事業、愛情、生活、人際關系產生負面的影響，甚至最終導致神經症或其它身心疾病的產生。
心理變化
神經質性格的人，在面臨心理困難時，精神上會出現強烈的不安，並由此導致錯誤的認識，把健康人都有的不安和不適感等心身、生理變化，誤認為病態或異常。患者本人高度注意這些「病態或異常」，並企圖排除之。
但這些不安和不適的特點是越注意它，越努力想排除它，反而會表現得越嚴重，結果形枯神成了注意與病覺的惡性循環，致使症狀加重。病人陷於與症狀苦戰苦鬥的精神沖突狀態中，感到非常痛苦。病人想排除「病態或異常」的慾望越強烈，症狀反而越加重。
Ⅵ 高中英語閱讀理解測試題(2)
31.The Vienna survey may help to explain ___C__
A.the complaints of people in apartment houses
B.the cause of Mrs Groegers death
C.the longevity of people like Mrs.Groeger
D. the image of cities in general
32.The purpose of the second paragraph is to list some __B___
A.benefits of walking
B.occasions for walking in city life
C. comments made by city people
D.problems of city living
33.To reach the third floor of a building.it would probably be most healthful _B_
A. to take the elevator
B.to walk up the stairs
C.to ride in a car
D.to find an alternative to walking
34.People who live in the country probably do more driving than walking because _A_
A.they dont live near business areas
B. they dont need the exercise
C.they never have parking problems
D.they can』t afford to take the bus
35.A conclusion that can be drawn from this passage is that _D___
A.air pollution is not serious
B.anyone can live to be 107
C.country people should move to the city
D.walking is a healthful exercise
答案：CBBAD
在奧地利的維也納，最近當一位名為Joseph Groeger的老婦人過世的時候，人們忍不住要問：「為什麼她可以活到107歲呢?」當對148個100歲以上的維也納人進行調查之後，我們得出了答案。有點讓人驚訝的是，這些人中的多數人都大部分的人生都是在都市生活的。盡管城市給我們的印象一直都是不利於健康的，但是城市生活往往提供一些鄉村缺乏的便利。其中有一個就是這些被調查者長壽的重要因素。
這個因素就是鍛煉。在城市，對於比較短的路程，往往走路比你等著坐公車去更快捷。就算去搭乘一些公共交通工具也經常要走一段路程。較小的公寓一般沒有電梯，人們就不得不爬樓。城市人還經常步行去附近的超市買東西。在停車位如此難找的情況下，往往沒有別的選擇只有步行。
另一方面，那些住在鄉村和郊區的人反而無需每天走路。事實上，他們每天都乘坐交通工具，去上學，去上班，或者去其他任何地方，都必須開車前往。
高中英語閱讀理解測試題 篇3
If we were asked exactly what we were doing a year ago，we should probably have to say that we could not remember But if we had kept a book and had written in it an account of what we did each day，we should be able to give an answer to the question.
It is the same in history Many things have been forgotten because we do not have any written account of them Sometimes men did keep a record of the most important happenings in their country，but often it was destroyed by fire or in a war.Sometimes there was never any written record at all because the people of that time and place did not know how to Write.For example，we know a good deal about the people who lived in China 4，000 years ago, because they could write and leave written records for those who lived after them.But we know almost nothing about the people who lived even 200 years ago in central Africa. because they had not learned to write. Sometimes.of course，even if the people cannot write，they may know something of the past.They have heard about it from older people，and often songs and dances and stories have been made about the most important happenings，and these have been sung and acted and told for many generations For most people are proud to tell what their fathers did in the past.This we may call remembered history』.Some of it has now been written down. It is not so exact or so valuable to us as written history is，because words are much more easily changed when used again and again in speech than when copied in writing.But where there are no written records，such spoken stories are often very helpful.
41. Which of the following ideas is not suggested in the passage?
A.「Remembered history」，compared with written history，is less reliable
B.Written records of the past play the most important role in our learning of the human history.
C.A written account of our daily activities helps US to be able to answer many questions.
D.Where there are no written records.there is no history.
42.We know very little about the central Africa 200 years ago because
A.there was nothing worth being written down at that time
B .the people there ignored the importance of keeping a record
C.the written records were perhaps destroyed by a fire
D.the people there did not know how to write
43.「Remembered history」refers to
A.history based on a persons imagination
B .stories of important happenings passed down from mouth to mouth
C .songs and dances about the most important events
D .both B and C
44.「Remembered history」is regarded as valuable only when
Ⅶ 高中英語閱讀理解 帶解析
保證准確率！
21. C
根據第一段（可能是全文第二段，第一段樓主沒有拍出來）第三行末尾，A錯，肺結核病並不是一入獄就患上的；
B錯在recently，第一段第二行many years ago提示；
D錯在for，曼德拉是反對against，而不是贊成for種族隔離政策的（第一段第4行開頭）
22. B
單詞後面的破折號之後有解釋：a settlement between conflicting ideas，既然是「沖突觀點之間的解決」，那麼就應該是balance平衡。
23. D
第二段（可能是全文第三段，第一段樓主沒有拍出來）第二行開頭有答案提示
24. A
這是一篇新聞報道，答案應該是在最開頭一段的第一句話（不過樓主沒有拍出來）
不過根據全文大意和排除法，A為最佳答案。
Ⅷ 尋一篇初三水平的英語閱讀理解題
When Mr. David retired（退休）,he bought a small house in a village near the sea. He liked it and hoped to live a quiet life in it. But to his great surprise, many tourists（遊客）came to see his house in summer holidays, for it was the most interesting building in the village. From morning to night there were tourists outside the house. They kept looking into the rooms through the windows and many of them even went into Mr. David』s garden. This was too much for Mr. David. He decided to drive the visitors away. So he put a notice on the window. The notice said: 「If you want to satisfy your curiosity（好奇心）, came in and look round. Price（價格）: twenty dollars.」 Mr. David was sure that the visitors would stop coming, but he was wrong. More and more visitors came and Mr. David had to spend every day showing them around his house. 「I came here to retire, not to work as a guide（導游）.」 he said angrily. In the end, he sold the house and moved away. 根據短文內容，從下列各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選擇正確答案。 1、Mr. David』s house was that many tourists came to see it. A．so small B．so quiet C．so interesting D．such interesting 2、Mr. David put a notice on the window in order . A．to drive the visitors away B．to satisfy the visitor』s curiosity C．to let visitors come in and look round D．to get some money out of the visitors 3、The notice made the visitors . A．more interested in his house B．lost interest in his house C．angry at the unfair price D．feel happy about the price 4、After Mr. David put up the notice . A．the visitors didn』t come any longer B．fewer and fewer visitors came to see his house C．more and more tourists came for a visit D．no tourist would pay the money for a visit 5、At last he had to sell his house and move away because . A．he did not like it at all B．he could not work as a guide C．he made enough money and wanted to buy a new expensive house D．he could not live a quiet life in it