中考英語閱讀理解中的細節題
『壹』 中考英語閱讀理解答題技巧 解題套路有哪些
英語閱讀理解一向是考生失分嚴重的題型,那麼,答英語閱讀理解題型有哪些技巧呢?下面我整理了一些相關信息,供大家參考!
中考閱讀理解答題技巧有哪些
養成良好閱讀心態
閱讀時過於緊張、思想開小差等消極因素會妨礙大腦的正常思維,而保持心緒安定,精神專一等良好的閱讀習慣則能大大提高大腦的思維。良好的閱讀習慣來自於良好的閱讀心態。因此,從現在開始,注意在平時的閱讀理解訓練中保持一種好的閱讀心態,精力應集中,心態要平和,在碰到生詞難句時不能心煩意亂,要保持一種良好的心緒,這樣才能對所讀的文章印象清晰,思想深刻,才能更好地把握住文章的脈絡。
注重提高閱讀的速度
中考英語閱讀理解共由4篇文章組成,從某種程度上說,閱讀理解考的也是閱讀速度,要學會快速瀏覽,能快速找出文章的關鍵詞句和主旨。因此要注重培養自己快速閱讀的習慣,擴大眼睛閱讀的廣度,把逐詞逐句的點式閱讀變成一種較快速度的線式閱讀;在碰到生詞或難懂的句子時不能浪費時間,可以先行越過,個別難懂的詞句可以根據上下文和構詞法去猜測、推斷。
注意閱讀技巧訓練
可以通過反復精做一篇閱讀,直到全對,不斷總結、調整和強化獲取表層信息及內在信息或猜測、推理、判斷、概括的能力;還要善於找關鍵句,在很多文章里第一段和每段的第一句往往是關鍵句,可以幫助同學們理解整個文章的主題或某一段的概括。在閱讀中,要注意抓住中心思想(Main idea),以及文中出現的who、where、when、what及why等關鍵詞。
英語閱讀理解答題套路
1.平時多讀,考試時少讀。
平時的閱讀理解與考試時的閱讀理解側重點不同。考試考查的是同學們在規定時間內找到要求的信息的能力,不是復述文章細節的 能力。考試時讀閱讀一定緊扣主旨句,重要細節句,轉折句和結論句等。
2.不同題型的應對方法
細節題可以通過定位法查找相關細節句;推理題找邏輯相關句;觀點題找中心句;猜詞題通過上下句來分析。
3.依據閱讀理解主題句定短文的中心和文章反復提及的話題來確定文章主要內容。
4.養成辨認和記憶具體事實、重要細節的習慣。
5.運用構詞法、語境線索等幫助來推測關鍵詞義。
『貳』 中考英語閱讀理解的技巧和方法
中考英語閱讀理解題型技巧方法
一、常見題型及解題技巧
根據歷年來全國各地中考閱讀理解題型的分析,將閱讀理解題大致歸納為以下四類:
(一)細節理解題
一般針對某個特定的細節而提供,難度較小,屬表層信息理解,考生通讀短文後可直接找出答案依據。
解題技巧:
通讀短文,領會文章大意,理解文章結構層次及細節,特別注意:
1. 五個W (who , which , when , where , what )和一個H ( how ) ;
2. 數字、日期、時間等;
3. 注意加強語氣的詞。然後運用排除法排除不符合原文細節的選項,剩下的就是要選擇的最佳答案。
(二)詞句理解題
此題要求考生正確理解短文中的一些關鍵詞語或句子的含義,常用的方法是多種表達法、一詞多義法、同義近義或反義提示法、習語釋文法及句型轉換法等。
解題技巧:
1. 正確理解題意,從短文中找到相關的詞、短語或句子,根據特定的語境來判斷理解,推敲斟酌和最後確定其准確含義。
2. 根據上下文猜測詞義的技巧:
(1)注意定義和解釋;
(2)同義詞或近義詞的提示;
(3)近義詞和反義詞的提示;
(4)利用懸念的屬種關系;
(5)藉助已有知識或生活常識。
(三)推理判斷題
通過字里行間的閱讀,作合理的推斷。
解題技巧:
1. 分析文章的主旨。
2. 分清文章的主要思想及次要思想。
3. 尋找文章的邏輯思路。
4. 核對問題中各項選擇與文章中有關詞句的聯系。
(四)歸納概括題
此題主要針對文章的主題、中心思想、文章的結構層次(主題句或主題段),要求學生在理解全文後歸納短文要點,概括中心思路。
解題技巧:
通讀全文,了解大意,靈活運用概括、判斷、歸納、推理等方法,准確理解文章的話題和中心思想。有時還要求對作者敘述的意圖和觀點作進一步剖析,甚至推測作者的語氣和態度等。
一般說來,文章的段落常有概括中心思想的主題句,且多位於段首或段末,有時也會夾在中間。對無主題句的篇章,考生應對文章進行分析和歸納,然後概括中心思想。
二、答題步驟
1. 先看問題,再讀文章。帶著問題閱讀短文,確定主攻方向,特別要注意首尾段和首尾句,把握文章的主題,摘取有用的材料。
2.細讀全文,認真分析與問題有關的詞彙、句子或段落,特別留心一些關鍵信息詞。
3. 復讀全文,驗證答案。在選出全部答案後,應將答案帶入問題中重讀全文,看前後意思是否連貫,有無矛盾,若前後不一致或意思矛盾,則要考慮重選答案。
『叄』 助力滿分的2019年中考英語閱讀理解題(2)
2019年中考英語閱讀理解編習題
【能力選練】 A
(2019中考科普環保類選練)
You can not see any object unless light from that object gets into your eyes. Some of the things you see give off light of their own. The sun, the stars, a lighted lamp are examples that can be seen by their own light. Such things are luminous. Most of the things you see are not giving off light of their own. They are simply reflecting light that falls on them from the sun or some other luminous bodies. The moon, for example, does not give off any light of its own. It is non-luminous. You see it because sunlight falls on it and some of it reflects in our direction. So moon light is only second hand sunlight.
When you look at a book, it sends to your eyes some of the light which falls on it, and you see the book. If light could be kept out from where you are so that there would be no light for the book to reflect, then you could not see the book even with your eyes wide open.
Light travels so fast that the time in which it travels from the book you are reading to your eyes is so short as if there were no time at all. Light reaches us from the moon, which is about 380 000 kilometers away, in only a little more than a second.
1. You can see the book because_______.
A. your eyes are close to it B. it reflects some of the sunlight
C. it has light of its own D. your eyesight can get to it
2. The underlined word "luminous" means_______.
A. visible B. all colors C. giving off light D. sunlight
3. Light traces about _________ kilometers per second.
A. 380 000 B. 300 000 C. 400 000 D. 190 000
4. Which of the following is true?
A. The moment you open your eyes the light from the book travels to your eyes.
B. Light from the book is much shorter than that from the moon.
C. All the things you can see give off light.
D. Light travels so fast that there is no time for you to read.
5. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. You can see and read a book because you open your eyes.
B. Some objects are luminous, some not.
C. You can see things because of light.
D. Light travels very fast so you cannot notice it.
參考答案BCBA C
【能力選練】 B
1. If you work as a driver in the restaurant, you may ______.
A. never pay for meals B. pay a little for meals
C. work on weekends D. work in the afternoon
2. If you buy the house, you ______.
A. may pay more than ¥150, 000 for it B. must have breakfast in the kitchen
C. have to take a bath in the public bathroomD. may live on the south side of the city
3. Any customer with a Tianjin Daily of June 1, 2005 will get a small present from ______.
A. every supermarketB. Huanghe Road
C. Tianjin DailyD. Yingbin Supermarket
4. When will the concert be?
A. Julu1, 2005B. June 8, 2005
C. July 3, 2005D. June 25, 2005
5. If two alts and two students want to go to the concert, the tickets will cost RMB______.
A. 220 yuanB. 440 yuan C. 270 yuanD. 370 yuan
【答案及解析】
1. A 細節題。由在Driver Wanted欄中找到的All meals are free可知。2. D 細節題。答案A錯在more than;因專有a breakfast room.,排除B;又因有a bathroom,無需去the public bathroom,排除C。由最後一句可知D正確。
3. D 推測題。因這是Yingbin Supermarket在Tianjin Daily上的廣告。4. D 細節題。由Rose's Special Concert欄的最後一行可知。
5. B 計算題。150×2+70×2=440。
【能力選練】 C
中考英語閱讀理解****節約用水
Napoga is a 12-year-old girl in Ghana(迦納), Africa. It is hard for her family to get clean water. Every morning, she leaves home at half past five to get clean water for her family in a village far away. It takes her six hours to get enough clean water for daily(日常) cooking and drinking. She has no time to go to school or to play with her friends. Millions of people in the world are like Napoga. They can't get enough clean water to keep healthy.
Earth Day is April 22. But on all other days, we must also remember it. The water we use is the most important natural resource(自然資源) on the earth.
Water covers 70% of the earth's surface(表面). But most of that is sea water. We can't use it for very many things. Fresh water covers only 1% of the earth's surface.
You probably feel lucky that your life isn't as hard as Napoga's. But that doesn't mean you don't have to worry about water. We all face serious water problems. One of them is water pollution. All kinds of things from cars, factories, farms and homes make our rivers, lakes, and oceans dirty. Polluted water is very bad for people to drink. And dirty water is bad for fish, too. Now, 34% of all kinds of fish are dying out.
How do cars and factories make our water dirty? First, they pollute the air. Then, when it rains, the rain water comes down and makes our drinking water dirty. Dirty rain, called acid rain(酸雨), is also bad for plants, animals and buildings.
Scientists say that in 30 years, more than half of the people in the world won't have enough clean water. We have to learn how to save more water for ourselves and our children. Here is some advice for saving water:
●Turn off the water while you brush your teeth. You can save as much as 450 liters(升) each month.
●Leaky taps(漏水的龍頭) waste a lot of water. Fix them right away!
●You can easily cut your 10-minute showers(沐浴) in half—and you'll be just as clean.
●When you wash dishes, don't let the water run.
●Only wash clothes when you have a lot to wash. If your washing machine isn't full, you're wasting water!
◆根據以上短文內容,然後從每題所給的四個選項中選擇最佳選項。
1. Every morning Napoga went to get clean water _______.
A. before she went to school B. after she finished school
C without going to school D. after she played with her friends
2. On the earth, _______.
A. sea water is widely used than fresh water B. there is very little water for our living
C. there is 71% of fresh waterD. we don't need to worry about water
3. Acid rain _______.
A. is only bad for living things
B. can be proced in factories
C. doesn't do harm to people, but it's bad for plants, animals and buildings
D. doesn't just do harm to human beings but to animals, plants and buildings
4. Which of the following wastes water?
A. We need ten minutes if we want a clean shower.
B. We should put in enough clothes when we wash them in washing machines.
C. You can keep yourself clean by having a shower for five minutes.
D. Don't let the water run when we brush our teeth and wash dishes.
5. What's the main idea of the passage?
A. Something must be done to prevent water form being polluted.
B. Clean water means much to human beings and living things around us.
C. It's time to take care of the water we use.
D. Water is the most important natural resource on the earth.
【答案及解析】
1. 選C。從第1段中的句子She has no time to go to school可知,她根本沒有去上學。故選C。
2. 選B。短文第3段中介紹了全球70%被水覆蓋,但只有1%才是飲用淡水。而世界上的很多國家和地區都缺水。所以選B項,即我們的生活用水很少。
3. 選D。由第5段中的句子Dirty rain, called acid rain, is also bad for plants animals and buildings.可知,acid rain(酸雨)的危害很大。 故答案選D。
4. 選A。A選項與C選項相互矛盾,則必有一個為正確選項。而從第3點建議(advice)可知,你可以沐浴只須五分鍾來節約用水,若用10分鍾則是浪費水。故選A。
5. 選C。讀完全文我們知道地球上的水資源有限,所以大家都要節約用水。故選C。
【能力選練】 D
I've been working in a school for more than twenty years. Many parents often ask me, "How can you teach your child good study skills? How can he or she get the homework done as quickly as possible?" Here are some tips:
1. If the child is as young as nine or ten years old, ask him or her to prepare a small notebook to write down the homework given by his or her teachers. By developing this habit, he or she will learn to be much more responsible (負責的).
2. Find a good place to study. This should be a quiet place that is free from everything but study things. No games, radios, or televisions. Once you have decided on a place to study, this should be the only place where your child does his or her homework and studies. There should also be a very specific time for homework to be done. Usually, homework should be done as soon as the child gets home from school. This also goes for the kids who take part in afterschool activities. Of course, it is a good idea to allow the child to have a healthy snack before the work begins.
3. Also remember that it is the child's ty to do his or her homework. Some children give up easily and go to Mom and Dad for help when they have a problem. Try to let them solve it first. By doing this, they will get a sense of success from overcoming problems. In this way we help them to help themselves.
( )6. Asking the kids to keep a notebook to remember their homework will make them ______.
A.remember more B. learn more
C. more responsible D. more interested in studying
( )7. The place where the children study must ______.
A. be free for everything B. have a TV set and a computer
C. be quiet, bright and free from things D. be big, clean and tidy
( )8. What does the underlined word "overcoming" mean in the passage?
A.忘記 B. 離開
C.意識到 D. 克服
( )9. The children should ______ when they have trouble with their homework.
A. ask their parents for help
B. try to solve the problems by themselves
C. wait for their teachers' help
D. put it away and have a snack
( )10. This passage is written ______.
A. for parents to help their children study well
B. for the children who want to improve their study
C. for teachers to teach their students
D. for housewives to make their kids happy
參考答案6~10 C C D B A
【能力選練】 E
Many things happen to us at school. We may feel excited when we win in a school competition. We may feel sad if we lose an important game. We want to keep the memory for the rest of our lives.
How to keep the memory? Our headteacher, Miss Wang, has taught us a good way of remembering things—to make our own yearbook. What is a yearbook? A yearbook is a kind of book which is used to keep the memory of exciting moments. It's usually made at the end of the year.
Last December, we began to make our yearbook. First, we chose the persons who had done something special, then some students interviewed them, some wrote down their stories, and others took photos of them. Everyone in our class had something to do. Finally, our teacher helped us to put the things together. In this way, We had our first yearbook.
All of us put a lot of love into making the yearbook. It is so wonderful that not only the students but also our parents and teachers will remember the special time forever.
1. When we win in a school competition, we may feel _______.
A. sorryB. angry C. excitedD. interested
2. Miss Wang's good way of remembering good things is to _______.
A. buy a new photoB. write down stories
C. take a lot of photosD. make a yearbook
3. A yearbook is made to _______.
A. take notesB. keep the memory
C. do our homework D. remember English words
4. Usually a yearbook is made in _______.
A. JanuaryB. FebruaryC. MayD. December
5. We made our first yearbook _______.
A. without any help B. without putting our love into it
C. with the help of our teacher D. with the help of our parents
1.【解析】選C。細節理解題。根據第一段第二句可知,當我們在校比賽中獲勝時,我們可能感到興奮,所以選C。
2.【解析】選D。細節理解題。根據第二段第二句可知,Miss Wang 建議我們製作yearbook。
3.【解析】選B。細節理解題。根據第二段第四句可知,yearbook是用來記事的。
4.【解析】選D。細節理解題。由第二段的最後一句 "It's usually made at the end of the year. "可知是在 12 月份。
5.【解析】選C。細節理解題。由第三段中 "Finally, our teacher helped us to put the things together. "可知C項正確。
《小謝試題》致力於高質量試題試卷,助力廣大學子升學加分,有用的話關注分享哦。
『肆』 中考英語閱讀理解解題技巧 輕松攻破英語難點
中考英語閱讀理解是初中生比較容易丟分的一部分,下面我為大家總結了中考英語閱讀理解解題技巧,輕松攻破英語難點,僅供參考。
中考閱讀理解細讀題目,抓住要點
對整篇短文內容有了一定的了解後,要馬上看短文後的問題,帶著問題去選擇或判斷答案。要確定所需查找的信息范圍,並注意所查找信息的特點。例如:如果問題或選項涉及到人名、地名,就應該找首字母大寫的單詞;如果問題或選項涉及時間、日期、數字,就應該尋找具體的數據。
要善於找關鍵句,特別要注意文章的第一段和最後一段的頭一句話,往往就是關鍵句,可以幫助你掌握文章的全貌,理解文章的主題。此外,還應該細讀文章,因為有時的試題是考細節。可以邊讀邊用鉛筆做點標記,把有關的畫出來。凡逢人物就圈起來,看完一數,有幾個圈就是幾個人,一目瞭然。
英語閱讀理解瞻前顧後,首尾突破
對一具體問題不要局限於一詞一事,而應從短文整體考慮,從主線向外擴展,打開思路,前後上下對照。這樣,可減少「鑽牛角尖」和「繁瑣分析」。而且,在中考試題中,即使是事實和細節題,也是「圍繞或用以說明主旨和大意」的。
大多數短文,尤其是新聞報道或議論文的第一段,或每段的第一句,常包含了全文的主要信息或基本觀點;而結尾部分常是結局或結論。寓言或幽默文字的結尾也往往是點晴之筆或值得玩味之處。因此,抓住首尾往往抓住了主要矛盾,主要矛盾解決了,次要矛盾也就迎刃而解了。
中考推斷題解題技巧
推斷題就是根據某個事實推斷結論,主要考查學生的理解力和推斷力。這類推斷通常包括:數據事實推斷、常識推斷以及作者的寫作目的、態度和傾向等的推斷。
做此類題時,應根據短文中的相關語句,對與事實有關的細節加以分析,找出線索,悟出字里行間的意思,反復比較,從而作出合乎邏輯的判斷。
以上就是我為大家總結的中考英語閱讀理解解題技巧,僅供參考,希望對大家有所幫助。
『伍』 中考英語閱讀理解訓練題及答案解析
2017中考英語閱讀理解訓練題及答案解析
推斷題是英語閱讀理解的常見題型,吃透文章的表層意思,是推理的前提和基礎。下面是我分享的中考英語閱讀理解題,希望能對大家有所幫助!
中考英語閱讀理解【1】
You may know the English letters A, B and C. But do you know there are people called “ABC”? You may like eating bananas. But do you know there are people called “banana persons”? If you don’t know, I will tell you. They are Chinese people like you and me, but they aren’t in China.Why do people call them like that?
“ABC” means American-born Chinese. An “ABC” is a Chinese,
but was born in the United States. Sometimes, people also call them
“banana persons”. A banana is yellow outside and white inside. So when
a person is a banana, he or she is white (American) inside and yellow (Chinese)
outside.
They are born in America and they live in America for a long time. Even
their nationality(國籍) is American. So they think like Americans and do things
like Americans. But they still have Chinese blood(血). Their parents, grandparents
or even great-grandparents were from China. They all have black eyes and black hair.
So they look like us Chinese people. For example, we all know the famous scientist
C.N.Yang. He is an “ABC” and he is a “banana person”. We like him, although(雖然)
his nationality isn’t Chinese.
57.What does “ABC” mean?
A. American-born Chinese B. American-born Canadian
C. Australian-born Chinese D. Chinese-born Chinese
58.Why do people call an “ABC” a “banana person”?
A. They look like Americans but they think like Chinese.
B. They look like Chinese but they think like Americans.
C. They like to eat bananas.
D. They can speak “ABC” very well.
59.Why do ABCs think like Americans?
A. Because they live in America for a long time
B. Because they are born in America.
C. Because they want to be Americans.
D. Both A and B.
60.What colour are their eyes and hair?
A. Their eyes and hair are black.
B. Their eyes and hair are yellow.
C. Their eyes and hair are white.
D. Their eyes and hair are black and yellow.
61.Which person of the following is a “banana person”?
A. 楊利偉 B. 科比 C. 楊振寧 D. 姚明
中考英語閱讀理解【2】
Take a look at teenagers around, dressed in baggy-pants (寬松褲), drinking soft drinks such as coke, reading Japanese cartoons. Whether you are in Beijing, Wuhan or Hong Kong, you will get the same impression. But should we others or should we maintain (保留) our differences?
It sounds convenient that people around the world speak the same language, dress in the same style, eat the same food and play the same games. If the world was like this, you won’t feel strange in any corner of world. But just imagine living in such a strange world. How ll and colorless it would be!
Different kinds of food that people can taste, the colorful and fashionable clothes that we dress in and different languages we speak are all part of the different cultures that our ancestors left us. These differences represent their creativity (創造力) and talent. And we all enjoy different cultures in our daily lives. When you travel to other places, you want to see different things. When you talk to foreigners you expect to listen to interesting stories. These differences in culture are what make life colorful.
But the whole world is shrinking into a small village as globalization (全球化) takes effect and many different cultures are disappearing. In most big cities around the world people wear the same clothes. Fast food stores are everywhere. Hollywood movies are kicking traditional performing arts out of our lives. The colors of our life are disappearing.
There is joke that even the panda and zebra want to live a colorful life. So let’s take action to protect our colorful culture before it becomes as simple as black and white.
It’s not difficult. Learning some folk songs, trying on a traditional clothing and even eating local food instead of going to KFC can help. And we’re sure you will enjoy it.
【小題1】The passage is written to _______.
A. explain cultural differences B. convince readers to maintain cultural differences
C. predict the future of globalization D. show some cultural phenomena(現象)
【小題2】The author thinks that cultural differences _______.
A. make the world colorful B. make communication difficult
C. only exist in food and clothing D. will never fade away
【小題3】The author starts the argument by ________.
A. mentioning certain cultural phenomena
B. mentioning his view at the very beginning
C. mentioning the opposite view at the very beginning
D. giving examples of cultural differences
【小題4】The underlined word “shrink” probably means “_______”.
A. expand B. disappear C. become smaller D. grow in number
【小題5】The author talks of all the following cultural phenomena except _______.
A. food B. clothing C. language D. architecture
中考英語閱讀理解【3】
People use money to buy food, books and hundreds of other things they need. When they work, they usually get paid in money.
Most of the money used today is made of metal or paper. But in the time long ago, people used to use all kinds of things as money. One of the first kinds of money was shells.
In China, cloth and knives were used as money. Elephant tusks(牙), monkey tail and salt were used in some parts of the world. Rice was also a kind of money used by the people in some islands. Some animals were used as money, too.
The first copper coins were made in China. They were round and had a square hole in the center. Different countries have used different metals for their money. Later, some countries began to make coins of gold and silver(銀). But gold and silver were heavy to carry when people needed a lot of coins to buy something expensive. The Chinese were the
first to use paper money. The first paper money looked more like a note from one person to another than the paper money used today.
Money has had an interesting story from the days of shell money till today.
63.People usually use money .
A.to buy gold
B.to get something they want
C.to buy shells
D.to buy something expensive
64.Long, long ago people all over the world used as money.
A.the same metal
B.the same paper
C.the different metals
D.all kinds of things
65.In the past, the ancient Chinese used to have cloth and knives .
A.as a tool
B.as money
C.as a gift
D.as a kind of goods
66. was also a kind of money used by the people in some islands.
A.Gold
B.Animals
C.Rice
D.Knives
67.The first paper money .
A.looked like the same as the paper money used today
B.1ooked interesting
C.1ooked like a note
D.had a square hole in the center
答案解析
57.A
58.B
59.D
60.A
61.C
【解析】
試題分析:本文介紹了為什麼把美籍華人稱為“ABC”and “Banana Persons”
57.細節理解題,根據文中語句““ABC” means American-born Chinese.”理解可知。“ABC”指的是美籍華人,故選A。
58.細節理解題,根據文中語句“Even their nationality(國籍) is American. So they think like Americans and do things like Americans.”理解可知。他們的思想和做事風格是美國人,但血統是中國人,故選B。
59.細節理解題,根據文中語句“They are born in America and they live in America for a long time. Even their nationality(國籍) is American. So they think like Americans and do things
like Americans.”理解可知。因為他們出生在美國,生活在美國受到了教育也是美國式的教育,故選D。
60.細節理解題,根據文中語句“They all have black eyes and black hair.So they look like us Chinese people.”理解可知。他們的外貌特徵還是一個中國人,故眼睛和頭發都是黑色的,故選A。
61.細節理解題,根據文中語句“For example, we all know the famous scientist
C.N.Yang. He is an “ABC” and he is a “banana person”. We like him, although(雖然)
his nationality isn’t Chinese.”理解可知。楊振寧就是一個ABC人。故選C。
考點:記述文閱讀
點評:本文淺顯易懂,各個小題都能在文中找到適當依據。只要認真閱讀短文,注意前後聯系,就能順利完成閱讀。文章所設試題主要考察細節查找,做題關鍵是找出原文的根據,認真核查小題和原文的異同。
62.
【小題1】B
【小題2】A
【小題3】A
【小題4】C
【小題5】D
【解析】
試題分析:這篇短文主要討論了人們在飲食,服裝及語言方面的文化差異,告訴我們正是這些文化上的差異才讓我們的世界如此多姿多彩,因此我們要保持自己的文化特點。
【小題1】這篇短文主要討論了我們是該模仿他人還是保持自己的文化差異,並建議我們保持自己的文化差異。故選B。
【小題2】根據第二段These differences in culture are what make life colorful. 及本段描述,可知正是文化差異才讓我們的世界多姿多彩。故選A。
【小題3】根據短文第一段描述,可知作者首先列出了一些現象,繼而才提出問題,故選A。
【小題4】聯系下文into a small village as globalization (全球化)描述,可知此處指的是整個世界正在變小,故選C,變得更小。
【小題5】這篇短文主要討論了人們在飲食,服裝及語言方面的文化差異,沒有提及建築上的差異,故選D。
考點:關於文化差異的.議論文閱讀
點評:本文中長句較多,一時很難讀懂句子含義,注意多讀幾遍,不要強求非得理解一詞一句的含義,能把握文章大意就行。然後帶著問題閱讀短文,一般就能順利找出答題依據。對於不能直接找到根據的問題注意聯繫上下文,根據短文中心總結出正確答案。
63.B
64.D
65.B
66.C
67.C
【解析】
試題分析:這篇短文簡要的介紹了貨幣的發展歷史。
63.根據People use money to buy food, books and hundreds of other things they need. 可知選B
64.根據But in the time long ago, people used to use all kinds of things as money.可知選D
65.根據In China, cloth and knives were used as money. 可知選B
66.根據Rice was also a kind of money used by the people in some islands. 可知選C
67.根據The first paper money looked more like a note 可知選C
考點:關於貨幣的說明文閱讀
點評:本文淺顯易懂,層次分明,學生很容易把握文章中心內容。答題中注意帶著問題閱讀短文,一般就能順利找出答題依據。對於不能直接找到根據的問題注意聯繫上下文,根據短文中心總結出正確答案。
;『陸』 2017中考英語閱讀理解題的問題類型及其解題方法
中考英語閱讀理解題的問題類型及其解題方法
閱讀理解是中考的必考題型,因為它能全面快速地反映出學生的英語水平。閱讀理解題型有很多種,但從命題角度來看,通常可以分為四種:即事實細節題、推理判斷題、猜測詞義題和主旨大意題。
事實理解題主要考查學生對文章中的細節與具體事實的把握能力,內容涉及詢問事實、原因、結果和目的等,屬於淺層次的理解題,難度較低。同學們需要在有限的時間歲漏內運用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速閱讀,發現文章中的細節信息,然後遵循由整體到細節的原則,把握作者的思路,按全文—段落—詞語的步驟來解題。
一、命題特點
事實細節題的考點非常明確,主要有以下幾處:
1、列舉信息處常考。
文章中first…second, to begin with, in addition, on one hand, on the other hand等並列關系出現的地方,常會要求考生從所列的內容中,選擇符合題干要求的選項。
2、舉列與打比方之處常考。
考生要對那些引出例子或比喻的標志詞,如as, such as, for example, for instance等加以注意,因為這些詞是作者為使自己的觀點更具說服力而用來引出具體事例的,這些事例就是常考的細節處。
3、指示代詞出現處常考。
這類考題常用來考查學生是否真正了解上下文句子之間的邏輯關系。
4、引用人物論斷處常考。
作者為正確表達自己的觀點或使論點更有依據,常會引用某些權威人士的論斷或採納其重要的發現。
5、特殊標點符號後的內容常考。
因為特殊標點符號後的內容往往是對前面內容的進一步解釋或說明,同學們注意到這些標點,也就注意到了細節。這些特殊符號包括表示乎扮爛解釋的破折號、括弧和冒號以及表示引用的引號等。
另外,事實細節題的選項也很有特點:通常正確答案不是照搬的原文;干擾選項則正好相反,有的來自原文信息,但不是題目要求的內容;有的符合常識,但不符合原文內容;有的與原句內容極為相似,只是在程度上有些缺遲變動;有的與原文大相徑庭甚至完全相反;也有的是部分正確或部分錯誤。
二、解題方法
1. 跳讀查找法
這個方法的要點在於先看題干,帶著問題讀文章。以what, who, where, when, why, how 提問的問題,可以從文章中直接找到答案。同學們做這類題時可以邊讀邊做記號,能加強閱讀的針對性,提高做題的准確率,節省寶貴的時間,這是做事實細節題最基本也是最常用的方法。一般來說,細節題主要考查考生對某句話或某幾句話的理解,同學們若能根據題干內容從原文中找到相關的句子,然後進行比較和分析,便可確定答案。
另外,運用跳讀查找法解題時,同學們要特別注意試題以及選項與原文之間的適當變換。根據近幾年的中考題情況來看,很少有直接用原文中的句子進行考查和測試的,通常要進行一定的處理,而這種「處理」主要就是進行語義轉換,其中包括同義變換、概念解析、歸納事實等。
例:I had the meanest (最刻薄的) mother in the whole world. While other kids ate candy for breakfast, I had to have porridge, eggs or toast. When others had Cokes and candy for lunch, I had to eat a sandwich. But at least I wasn』t alone when I was sad. My sister and two brothers had the same mean mother as I did.
1. How many children does the writer』s mother have?
A. Four. B. Two. C. Three. D. Six.
2. 排除法
排序題也屬於事實細節題的一種題型,它通常出現在說明文中。這類文章有明顯的信息詞,如first, to begin with, after that, afterwards, later, next, second, third, then, finally等。按照信息詞的提示閱讀,可以加快理解的進程。在做細節排序題時,首先要確定首或尾的答案,通常四個選項中會有兩個選項的順序類似,正確答案往往在這兩個選項中選擇,找到兩者的不同之處,回到原文,進行核對,一旦確定,後面的排序就不用再比較了。
例:A topiary gardener should make a drawing first. The drawing shows the final shape that the gardener likes. The gardener then chooses a bush for the topiary. It may be one that just planted or one that is already in place.
In June of the plant』s first year, the gardener looks for new leaves. When the leaves grow, it』s time to shape (給……造型) the bottom of the bush. It needs about five years. The top is not trimmed ring this time. In the fifth year, the bush grows tall enough for shaping. Then the gardener begins to shape the whole bush.
2. Put the following in the right order according to the passage.
a. The gardener chooses a bush for the topiary.
b. The whole bush grows tall enough for shaping.
c. The gardener begins to shape the bottom of the bush.
d. The gardener draws the shape of a topiary.
A. d→a→b→c B. b→c→a→d C. a→d→c→b D. d→a→c→b
3. 簡單計演算法
數字計算題也是事實細節題的一種,要求對文章中提到的數據進行簡單的加減乘除運算,以便得出符合題目要求的數據。解答這類題目時,考生首先要弄清題乾的要求是什麼,然後找到與它相關的數字,再對它們進行分析、整合,最後計算出正確答案。
例:When we cut down the rainforests, we destroy these forest people, too. In 1900, there were 1,000,000 forest people in the Amazon forest. In 1980, there were only 200,000.
3. The number of the people living in the Amazon forest in 1980 was ________of that in 1900.
A. half B. one-third C. two-fifths D. one-fifth
細節題占閱讀理解的比例很大,閱讀時要特別注意以下幾點:
第一,閱讀時,利用這類關鍵詞和片語that is to say, above all, especially, mainly等,把握文章的思路和脈絡。另外在問題的選項中表示絕對意義的詞first (第一),least (最不),always (總是),never(永不),all(所有),none(一個也不),any(任何)和表示性的詞彙only(只有) , just(僅僅),往往是命題的陷阱,因此要多加註意。
第二,閱讀時,必須以原文提供的事實、細節和邏輯關系為依據,切忌把自己的觀點和看法與原文或作者的觀點、看法混為一談。
第三,文章中的數字、日期、時間都是設題的重點,此類題目很少是文章中表層出現的數字或日期,通常需要做簡單的計算。
閱讀能力的提高非一朝之功,需要一個過程。同學們應該持之以恆,進行有計劃、有目的的閱讀實踐,提高閱讀能力。
推理判斷題
推理判斷題是每年中考的必考題型之一,也是英語閱讀理解中難度較大的題型,屬於深層理解題。它要求學生對文章中的內容及作者的思路做出合理的判斷和推理,也就是要運用邏輯推理能力推論出蘊含在文章中卻沒有明說的事實及暗示的含義,即英語中所說的「read between the lines」。因此,學生應在理解全文的基礎上,從文章本身所提供的信息出發,運用邏輯思維,並藉助一定的常識進行分析、推理,在已知和未知信息之間搭起橋梁,透過字里行間,體會「弦外之音」,從而揭示文章的深層涵義。
一、推理判斷題常見提問方式
1. The writer/author/passage implies/suggests (暗示)that __________.
2. It can be inferred(推斷)from the passage that __________.
3. Which of the following can be concluded from this passage?
4. What does the author conclude about?
5. The passage is intended to __________.
6. The first paragraph of this passage is to __________.
7. How does the author seem to feel about this issue?
8. From the passage, we can learn/conclude that __________.
9. Which of the following might happen later?
10. The passage may be a/an __________.
11. Which of the following is TRUE/ NOT true?
二、選項特點分析
命題人在設置選項時,會遵循一定的特點和規律,因此學生了解了推理判斷題選項的特點,對提高選項的正確率會有很大幫助。
1.正確選項的特點
(1)正確答案一般含義比較豐富,具有一定的綜合性和概括性;
(2)正確答案的表述一般不會太絕對,而會用一些相對能夠留下一些餘地的詞彙,如often, usually, sometimes, some, may, might, can, could, possibly, probably等;
(3)正確答案有的時候反而是與通過常識判斷得出的結論相反,要特別注意。
2.干擾選項的特點
(1)只是原文的簡單復述,而非推斷出的結論;
(2)看似從原文推斷出來的結論,然而實際上與原文不符;
(3)根據常識判斷是正確的,然而不是在文章事實或上下文邏輯基礎上推理而得出的觀點;
(4)雖然以文章提供的事實或內在邏輯為推理依據,但推理過頭、概括過度;
(5)有部分選項的內容純屬編造。
三、推理判斷題的解題方法
做推理判斷題要注意兩點:一是推理,二是判斷,而且兩者密不可分。推理是為了判斷,判斷依賴於推理。推理判斷題要求學生根據原文,經過推理,進行判斷,從而得出結論,所以推理判斷題的答案不能在文中直接找出。但是,推理時務必要忠實於原文,在文章中尋找可推論的依據,切忌妄加評論,把自己的觀點當成作者的觀點。下面結合2011年各省市的中考題,就考試中常用的四種推理方法進行一一說明。
1. 抓住特定關鍵信息進行正向或逆向推理
做此類試題要善於抓住某一段話中的關鍵信息,即某些關鍵詞或短語去分析、推理、判斷,利用正向推理或逆向思維,從而推斷出這句話所隱含的深層含義。
例:Mark Wellman showed that if you set your heart and mind on something, no wall is too high, no dream impossible.
1. What can we learn from the passage?
A. A friend in need is a friend indeed.
B. Dreams will come true in the end.
C. Each step is important to success.
D. Nothing can stop a strong will.
2. 利用作者的思想感情進行推斷
作者在寫作時,自然而然會滲透自己的喜怒哀樂。通過一些表達感情色彩或思想傾向的措辭,領會作者的思想感情,一些考查觀點態度的題目就迎刃而解了。
例:My whole life I have depended on the kindness of many strangers, I feel regretful that I cannot find them and say thank you. I do not even remember what the man』s face looked like, but he taught me a lesson — people are more important than things.
2. According to the passage, which word can best describe the man?
A. Rude. B. Funny. C. Silly. D. Kind.
例:I had to arrive in Vienna at 7:15 in time to catch the 7:25 train to Paris, but there was no hope of that now. …It was almost 7:25 when we stopped outside the station. I paid the driver quickly, took hold of my bags quickly and hurried inside. 「Paris train」 was all I had time to say to the official (鐵路職工) I saw. You can guess how I feel when he pointed to a train that was just moving out of the station.
3. How did the writer feel at Vienna station?
A. He felt lonely. B He felt angry. C. He felt surprised D. He felt sad.
3. 根據上下文的邏輯關系得出結論
不同的文章有不同的寫作方法和文章結構。但是,在任何一篇文章中,段與段之間、句與句之間都存在著某種邏輯關系。抓住了這種邏輯關系,也就把握住了作者的寫作思路和寫作意圖。
例:2011年北京卷
My summer hols wr CWOT. B4, we usd 2 go 2 NY 2C my bro, his CF & thr 3:-@ kids FTF, ILNY, its gr8.
Can you understand this sentence? If you can』t, don』t feel too bad: neither could the middle school teacher in England who received this as homework. This is Netspeak: …
4. What is the main purpose of the first paragraph?
A. To give an example of a foreign language.
B. To show an example of creative methods.
C. To express worries about using Netspeak.
D. To lead in the topic of Netspeak.
4. 結合常識進行推斷
有些文章,如科普類說明文、記敘類時政要聞等文體具有一定的背景知識。因此解答此類文章的題目,除了把握相關文段的細節外,還應注意充分運用自己的常識,結合題目去分析推理。
例:BEIJING (Xinhua) — Chinese have started to enjoy cars at low prices after the country became a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO). At the same time, competition between people has become stronger. According to the China』s Ministry of Personnel (人事部), about 170 million people will lose their jobs after the country has joined the WTO.
5. This passage is probably _____.
A. a story B. a note C. a letter D. a news report
以上分別從四個方面講解了如何對文章隱含信息進行推理判斷,但有時候題目的設計不一定這么層次分明,需要同時從不同角度對文章的信息進行綜合分析、推理和判斷。例如方法三中的例子,需要綜合考慮上下文邏輯關系以及文章的感情色彩,才能做出正確的判斷。因此,在閱讀的過程中,需要考生在熟練掌握的基礎上靈活運用這些方法。
『柒』 英語閱讀理解九大題型解題技巧
有很多的同學是非常想知道, 英語閱讀 題答題技巧是什麼,下面是我整合的英語閱讀理解九大題型解題技巧,一起來看看吧,肯定對你有所幫助的。
英語閱讀理解九大題型解題技巧
一、例證題
01 例證題的標志。當題干中出現example, case, illustrate, illustration, exemplify等詞語時,同學們就要立刻開啟做「例證題」的模式啦!
02 回歸 文章 ,找出該例證所在的位置,即給該例子定位。
03 搜索該例證周圍的區域,找出該例證支持的觀點。例子周圍具有概括抽象性的表達通常就是它的論點。
04 找出該論點,並與四個選項比較,得出選項中與該論點最一致的答案。
05 例證題錯誤答案設計的干擾特徵經常是:就事論事,即把例子中的某一內容寫出來誤導你,讓你去選。
二、指代題
01 回歸原文,找出問題中的指代詞。
02 在指代詞附近搜索,找最近的名詞、名詞性 短語 或 句子 。(先從最近點開始找,找不到再找次近的,一般答案不會離得太遠)
03 將找到的詞、片語或句子的意思代入替換該指代詞,看其意思是否通順。
04 將找到的詞、片語或句子與四個選項進行比較,找出最佳答案。
三、詞彙題
01 首先還是要回歸原文,找出該詞彙出現在哪裡。
02 通過句子,確定該詞彙的詞性。
03 從上下文(詞彙的前後幾句)中找到與所給詞彙具有相同詞性的詞(如一下子找不到就再往上往下找),代入所給詞彙在文章中的位置(將之替換)看語義是否合適。
04 找出選項中與代替詞意思相同或相近的選相,這就是答案!
注意:
(1)如果該詞彙是簡單詞彙,則其字面意思很大可能不是正確答案。
(2)英語閱讀理解主要是考查同學們是否能根據上下文作出正確的判斷。
(3)詞彙題的正確答案經常蘊藏在原文該詞彙出現的附近。注意不能靠單詞詞義直接往下推。
(4)尋找時要注意同位語、特殊標點(比如分號,分號前後兩句話的邏輯關系不是形式上的並列就是語義上的並列,也就是兩句話的意思相同,所以可用其中一句話的意思來推測另一句話的意思從而推出所給詞彙含義)、定語從句、前後綴,特別要注意尋找時的同性原則。
四、句子理解題
01 回歸原文找到原句。
02 對原句進行語法和詞義的精確分析(找主幹),應該重點抓原句的字面含義。若該句的字面含義不能確定,則依據上下文進行判斷。
03 一般來說,選項中的正確答案與原句意思完全相同,只不過用其他英語詞彙換種表達而已。
04 句子理解題的錯誤選項干擾項特徵:推得太遠,做題時應把握住推的度。
五、推斷題
01 推斷題的標志:learn, infer, imply, inform等
02 看是否可以通過題干回歸原文或依據選項回歸原文。一般要圍繞文中的一兩個重點進行推理。推理題無論通過題干能不能定位,我們都要把它固定到文章的一兩點上。
03 依據原文的意思進行三錯一對的判斷。先不要進行推理,若有一個選項跟原文的意思一模一樣,則該選項必然是正確答案。推理題不是考查同學們天馬行空的 想像力 ,它其實是考查同學們是否讀透閱讀文章里的某幾個點所涉及的問題。
04 推理題的最近答案原則:不推的要比推的好,推的近的要比推的遠的好,直接推出的要比間接推的好(原文的某句話變個說法),把原文讀懂才是做對推斷題的關鍵!
六、主旨題
「串線摘帽」,即在自然段少的時候串串線,串線法解不出來時,大帽子、小帽子摘一下。
01 主旨題的標志:mainly about, mainly discuss, the best title等。
02 串線法:抓首段和其餘各段的第一句話,把其意思連接成一個整體。要注意 總結 性的提示詞和轉折詞,特別要注意中心句。(主要針對自然段少的文章,針對自然段多的文章,主旨題最好聯系中心句,找一個和中心句最貼近的。)
03 很多時候,老師都會跟同學們說,首段往往就是中心主旨所在的地方。然而我還是要提醒各位同學,小心首段陷阱!
04 主旨題錯誤選項的干擾特徵是:
(1)局部信息,即選項的內容小於文章的內容;
(2)范圍過寬,即選項的內容大於文章的內容。
05 逆向思維 法:在兩個選項看上去都十分正確無法選擇時,試著從選項出發,想像一下如果自己以此選項來寫文章會有那些內容,然後把它與文章的內容比較,接近的即為正確選項。
七、作者態度題
01 作者態度題的標志:attitude
02 應精確理解四個選項的含義,不要摻雜自己的觀點。
03 可以尋找文中一些具有感情色彩的詞。例如:fortunately, excessively等。
04 舉例的方式。(是從正面舉例,還是反面舉例)
05 抓論述的主線。把第一段讀透,把其他各段的段首段尾句拉出來,看整個文章的結構。
06 做作者態度題時同學們應該特別注意,要清楚是誰對誰的態度。
八、判斷題
01 看能否通過四個選項具體化到原文中一點或者根據自然段原則定位。
02 每個選項都應回歸原文,不能憑主觀印象進行判斷。
03 要重點抓是「三錯一對」還是「三對一錯」的關系。(做題時要看清題目的要求,選擇「正確項」,還是「錯誤項」。)
九、細節題
細節題不用多說了,最重要的就是回歸原文,在文章中找出題干所在位置,得出答案。
英語閱讀題怎麼做
1、細節題解題技巧
細節題的命題 方法 很多,如可能是對某個細節用同義結構轉換後進行考查、也可能是將文章中的幾個細節(通常是四個)放在一起要求考生判斷是非(選出正確的一項或選出錯誤的一項)或對幾個細節進行排序等。解答這類試題時,一個常用的方法就是運用定位法,即根據題干或選項中的線索詞從原文中找到相關的句子,與選項進行比較從而確定答案(此時要特別注意一些常見的同義轉換)。
(1)、關鍵信息定位法。這個主要是細節題,如涉及到數字(日期、時間、價格等),就可以在文章中快速圈出數字,再找出目標數字及相對應的細節作息,還有人物姓名、地點名詞等等,其他的還包括一些提示情節發展,或條綱性關鍵字眼,如First, Next, Finally等等。
(2)、 同義定位法。英文中可以用Paraphrase表示。同義定位就是指問題所用的關鍵詞和文中的不一致,但屬於同義性質,同義轉換其實是在關鍵間的基礎上拐個彎。
2、推理題解題技巧
推斷題定義:在理解原文字面意思的基礎上,通過對語篇邏輯關系的分析和細節的暗示,做出一定的判斷和推理,從而得到文章的深層意義及隱含意義的過程。
出現特徵:在考題中經常出現的詞有infer, imply, indicate, conclude, learn from, probably, most likely, prove /according to等。
3、主旨大意題解題技巧
(1)、要在閱讀原文基礎上,仔細考慮選項是否與文章主題有密切聯系;
(2)、再看選項對文章的概括性或覆蓋面如何;
(3)、要注意題目是否過大或者過小;
(4)、要避免下列三種錯誤:概括不夠(多表現為部分代整體,導致范圍過小)、過度概括(多表現為擴大范圍)、以事實、細節代替抽象概括的大意。
英語閱讀理解題的正確流程
1)其實做閱讀理解最正確的流程就是正確的閱讀習慣以及自己的做題習慣。有些同學的閱讀習慣是先看問題,再讀文章,然後做題,最後再次略讀文章。
這個順序就是帶著問題去讀文章,目標明確比較節省時間。第一次讀文章的時候大概了解一下文章內容以及問題的大概位置(看到問題的相關內容就標記一下,省的做題的時候又得找),做題的時候就不用再在文章中找了。做完閱讀理解的所有題以後,再略讀一下文章,看有沒有忽略的地方。
2)先讀文章,再做題目,最後再讀一遍文章。這時大部分同學做閱讀理解題的習慣。首先閱讀文章掌握全文脈絡,然後根據題目和選項排查信息,選出答案。這種方法做閱讀理解正確率比較高,但是比較浪費時間,因為大部分人的記憶都沒有好到讀一遍文章就清楚每個細節的地步,所以讀完文章以後做題的時候還要再次回頭去找。
具體的閱讀流程還得根據自己的做題習慣以及效率來決定。
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『捌』 中考英語閱讀理解的答題技巧
中考英語閱讀理解的答題技巧
閱讀在英語考試中占很大的比重,無論你愛或不愛,它都在那裡。下面是我為大家整理的中考英語閱讀理解的答題技巧,歡迎參考~
一、解題思路
(一)先讀問題,弄清考查要點,以便能帶著問題看文章,這樣會心中有數,有的放矢。
(二)快速瀏覽全文,掌握全貌,注意發現與問題有關的信息,如果時間緊,至少要掃視一下起首段和尾段。再把標題和文章內容結合起來想一想,這樣全文大意便清楚了。此時,不要忙於答題。
(三)細讀原文,捕捉相關信息詞,掌握短文細節內容。這是解題的關鍵,應特別注意以下幾點:
1. 抓住四個"W"和一個"H",就是邊讀邊用鉛筆做些標記,把What (事件),When(時間),Where(地點),Why(原因),How(經過)劃出來。抓住了四個「W」和一個「H」,就抓住了文章的全貌,一些直接性的問題便可解決。
2.抓住連接詞及起關鍵作用的副詞、代詞、介詞、插入語等。因為這些詞具有因果,讓步,遞進,轉折,指代,列舉及承上啟下等各種連接上下文的特殊功能。這對考生分清文章層次,辨明各種關系,了解人物心理,推斷作者意圖,進行邏輯推理等手段來分析難點,都具有舉足輕重的作用。14年中考英語閱讀理解解題技巧
3. 注意領會文章的寓意。
4.根據題意,初選答案。這一步須仔細審題,領會測試要求,確定解題方法。對那些明顯的.,有把握的題可以斷然確定,不必把其餘三個答案再作推敲而浪費時間:有些略難的題,應再查閱短文(不是重讀一遍),迅速找出依據,予以排除。常用的解題方法有如下幾種:
① 直接解題法。即從原文中直接找出答案。
② 歸納解題法。對於不能從原文中直接找出答案的可在把握全文中心和線索的前題下進行概括、歸納得出正確答案。
③ 綜合推理法。讀者需統觀全文,認真分析,綜合推理及至計算,最後歸納出正確答案。
題干中有"suggest, conclude, conclusion, probably, reason, because, according to「等字眼時,屬於推斷概括型,考查內容著眼於全篇,考生應具備一定的分析歸納,推理等邏輯思維能力。
④ 捕捉關鍵詞。在閱讀時應該注意與問題相關的同義詞,近義詞,反義詞或同位詞等信息詞來得出正確答案。
⑤ 轉換解題法。即原文這么說,而在問題和所給選項中則用另外的詞去轉換一種說法,但仍表示同一含義。
⑥ 排除法。根據語言,句法結構,信息詞和常識,在沒有把握的選項中用排除法得出正確答案。
四、重讀原文,仔細斟酌核對答案。在解完最後一道題後,如果時間允許,再將原文讀一遍;用全文的主題思想統率各思考題,研究其內在聯系和邏輯關系,目的在於對所做答案進一步審查,推出未解答的題,以便減少失誤。
二、題型分類
初中英語閱讀理解往往有以下三大題型,抓住它的解法和思路,就可以順利做好這些題目:
(一)選擇符合文章的選項
(二)判斷正誤
(三)根據文章內容回答問題,現今該題型歸納在任務型閱讀中,此處不做詳解。
;『玖』 初中英語閱讀方法與解題技巧
初中英語閱讀方法與解題技巧
閱讀理解題在各類語言測試中都佔有很大的比重。一方面量大,佔去整個試卷文字量的半壁江山;另一方面單詞有相當的難度,個別單詞是一般詞典所查不到的;再者,分值高,一般在30%左右。可見,閱讀理解能力的高低決定著英語考試的成敗。閱讀理解是對語言綜合運用能力的一種檢驗,它包括:
一、能力是運用語法、詞彙知識生成及理解語句的能力。 要提高語言能力,擴大詞彙量是重要的一環。
二、擴大知識面: 從近年的試題包羅萬象,品種有科普、政史、經濟、法律、教育等;體裁有議論文、敘述文、說明文等,如果考生缺乏相應的專業知識和文化背景,不了解文章的結構特點,只靠閱讀技巧來讀一篇文章,仍然難以透徹理解原文。
三、使用正確的閱讀方法:
對簡單易懂的文章可以先細讀全文,再回答問題;對難度適宜的文章可以先粗讀全文,瀏覽所有問題,再作答;對生詞較多、難度較大而題材有不熟悉的文章,可先瀏覽所有問題,再帶著問題找答案。可資借鑒的方法有:
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1.略讀法:快速閱讀,了解大意,綜合主題句,找出全文的主題思想。主題句的位置一般在句首或句末,也有在句中的。這取決於文章是演繹性的或是歸納性的,演繹性的文章的主題句多在句首,而歸納性的文章多在句末。這里的快速閱讀指比平常快一倍的速度去閱讀。
2.查讀法:顧名思義是為查找某一特定信息而進行的閱讀,速度比略讀還要快。一旦找到答案,就立即停止閱讀。
3.研讀法:研讀即精讀主要用於學習和研究,耗時費力,應考不宜。
四、閱讀技巧: 做題速度成為考場決勝的一道坎兒。要想提高閱讀速度,必須掌握閱讀技巧。它們是:
1.意群閱讀法:指以意群為單位進行閱讀,一個意群之內不得停頓。
2.擴大視距法:閱讀能力強的人一般可將一行文字分成3---4個注視點,視距越寬,閱讀速度越快。
3.信號詞法:信號詞在文章中起著承上啟下的作用,它們不僅標明前後文之間的聯系,同時還幫助你調整閱讀下文的速度。
(1)暗示同類性質的詞有:moreover, what is more, for instance等。
(2) 表示轉折意義的詞有:but, yet, however等。
(3)表示先後順序的詞有:first, second, third, finally等。
(4)表示先因果關系的詞有:because, for等。
(5)表示結論的詞,有:as a result, in a word, so, therefore 等。
4.猜詞法,這是閱讀理解不可或缺的方法,它幫助你擺脫了離開了詞典這根手杖就走不好路的依賴心理。英語單詞有67萬之多,即使獲得諾貝爾文學獎金的二戰時的英國首相邱吉爾的詞彙量也不過7萬。至今還沒有哪一個人掌握了全部的英語單詞,每個人的詞彙量都是相對的,考試中總會碰到一些生詞,這是不足為奇的,也是測試中允許的,勸考生應以平常心處之,不必驚慌。這些生詞大體可分成兩類,一類是它(們)的含義不會過於妨礙對文章的理解。即便是一個句子因生詞的阻礙而看不懂,有時並不影響具體測試部分的得分;一類是考生可根據上下文或必要的語法知識猜出這些詞的意義。後者需要扎實的語言基礎、高超的技巧性和准確的推理,才能保證猜詞的命中率。
(1)根據構詞法猜詞義
閱讀理解題中會出現若干較長的單詞,乍一看你也許會一愣神。但仔細分析就不難發現,它(們)是由詞干加前綴或(甚至)後綴構成的。一經拆解,接著便沒了唬人的'架勢。
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(2)根據上下文猜詞義
每個生詞都不是孤立存在的,它都和前後文有著必然的聯系。把握作者的脈搏,理清邏輯鏈條,是有可能鎖定生詞的含義的。但要保持良好的心態:一根據整個句子來推斷生詞的含義,二要挖掘標點符號的功能來猜詞義,三學會認識語言情景,四認可生詞的模糊含義,不必太較真。要知道,不同的詞典就同一單詞所給的釋義(以及發音)也不盡相同。
五、閱讀理解常見題型的解題竅門
閱讀理解常見題型有5種:
1.主旨題,即要求找出文章的中心思想、段落大意。大多數文章的主題思想是通過一個句子來表達的,這個句子就是主題句。正如前面提起的,演繹性的文章的主題句在句首,而歸納性的文章的主題在句末,主題句在中間時,文中往往有一個轉折詞引起讀者對主題句的注意。將所有段落的主題句歸納起來,就可找出主題思想。提問方式主要有:
What does the passage mainly discuss?
Which of the following titles is most suitable to the passage?
The adjective that best portrays this author is __________ .
What the author』s main point?
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The tone of the passage can best be described as ___________.
What would be the most appropriate title for the passage?
2.細節題(關鍵信息題),它是對文章中與主題有關的細節或重要的具體信息的提問,內容涉及年代、地點、數字、任務和事實等。解答這類問題宜用查讀法—先弄明白文章提供的事實和根據,其次,對這些事實或根據做出評估,然後再做出合理的判斷。
3.推斷題,要求你根據文章中的特定信息或觀點,或者某段某句的言外之意而回答相關問題。這類推斷題一般較難,因為並不總是1+2=3,有時相當接近即是正確。提問方式主要有:
Sumerians in the second paragraph refers to _____________
Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
It can be inferred from the passage that______________ .
In the paragraph that follows this passage, the writer is going to discuss ______________.
4.排除題,也叫是非題。它的正確答案是被排除在文章內容之外的,或者只有正確答案在文章之中。如果它的正確答案是屬於被排除在文章內容之外的,你要將三個與原文有關的答案排除;如果只有正確答案在文章之中,你要將三個與原文無關的答案排除。做這類問題時,建議你先讀選擇項,再帶著問題讀文章。提問方式主要有:
All of the following things would occur except___________
The following statements are true except___________
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
5.語義題,它不同於一般的詞彙測試題。因為在特定的語言環境中,該詞(多為關鍵詞)或片語的含義可能與本意有所不同,往往在本意的基礎上有較大的延伸。提問方式主要有:
In paragraph 4, the sentence ------------- means _______.
By ----- , the author means _____________.
In line 5, the word it stands for___________.
再具體點,如:
What the author mean by saying This is a sort of a medieval practice.
What seems to be the meaning of the phase red tape in the first paragraph?
6.要義總結題。它把閱讀與寫作有機地結合起來,要求考生在閱讀完一篇文章後能迅速抓住中心思想,不加任何評論。要義總結是文字上的再創造,而不是原有詞句的簡單重排。
六、理安排時間
最後,當試題有一定難度或題量偏大時,考生往往會在閱讀理解題上花費太多的時間,這樣固然能提高該部分的准確度,得分多一點兒,但用時太多勢必擠壓其他題目的必要時間,比如作文,只得草草收工,甚至字跡不清,把本能得到的分又丟掉了,實在不該。在給定的時間內,應對
各個題目的耗時應有一個戰略上的把握。畢竟,英語考試是一個全方位的綜合性考量。
;『拾』 中考英語閱讀理解解題技巧方法快速提高
中考英語閱讀理解解題技巧方法快速提高如下:
大量閱讀、整體閱讀
初三學生選一些你感興趣,且不需要經常查詞典也能看懂的英語書;訂一份英語報紙,既讓你獲取裡面時尚的閱讀信息,又讓初三學生體驗到英語閱讀給你帶來的快樂;看一些開闊視野、提高知識水平的英語電視節目等。
要注意平時詞彙的積累
詞彙的積累是每一個初三學生必須面臨的巨大工程。記單詞最好的方法是多鉛敗衫讀些自己感興趣的英語原著,先去猜詞的意思,實在猜不出的時候再查字典,這樣對單詞的印象就極為深刻,不容易忘記。這比初三學生拿著單詞本背槐腔單詞效果要好的多。
英語閱讀理解細節題用快速閱讀法。有些細節題,比如which of the following sentence is nou true?對於這類題則快速跳閱文章,找到相關語句,仔細核對比較,直到找到正確答案。