四級英語閱讀理解訓練
下面是我整理的，希望對大家有幫助。
When one looks back upon the fifteen hundred years that are the life span of the English language, he should be able to notice a number of significant truths. The history of our language has always been a history of constant change—at times a slow, almost imperceptible change, at other times a violent collision between two languages. Our language has always been a living growing organi *** , it has never been static. Another significant truth that emerges from such a study is that language at all times has been the possession not of one class or group but of many. 『At one extreme it has been the property of the mon, ignorant folk, who have used it in the daily business of their living, much as they have used their animals or the kitchen pots and pans.』① At the other extreme it has been the treasure of those who have respected it as an instrument and a sign of civilization, and who have struggled by writing it down to give it some permanence, order, dignity, and if possible, a little beauty.
As we consider our changing language, we should note here two developments that are of special and immediate importance to us. One is that since the time of the Anglo-Saxons there has been an almost plete reversal of the different devices for showing the relationship of words in a sentence. Anglo-Saxon ***old English*** was a language of many inflections. Modern English has few inflections. We must now depend largely on word order and function words to convey the meanings that the older language did by means of changes in the forms of words. Function words, you should understand, are words such as prepositions, conjunctions, and a few others that are used primarily to show relationships among other words. A few inflections, however, have survived. And when some word inflections e into conflict with word order, there may be trouble for the users of the language, as we shall see later when we turn our attention to such maters as WHO or WHOM and ME or I. The second fact we must consider is that as language itself changes, our attitudes toward language forms change also. 『The eighteenth century, for example, proced from various sources a tendency to fix the language into patterns not always set in and grew, until at the present time there is a strong tendency to restudy and re-evaluate language practices in terms of the ways in which people speak and write.』②
1.In contrast to the earlier linguists, modern linguists tend to .
A. attempt to continue the standardization of the language
B. evaluate language practices in terms of current speech rather than standards or proper patterns
C. be more concerned about the improvement of the language than its *** ysis or history
D. be more aware of the rules of the language usage
2.Choose the appropriate meaning for the word 「inflection」 used in line 4 of paragraph 2.
A. Changes in the forms of words.
B. Changes in sentence structures.
C. Changes in spelling rules.
D. Words that have similar meanings.
3.Which of the following statements is not mentioned in the passage? A. It is generally believed that the year 1500 can be set as the beginning of the modern English language.
B. Some other languages had great influence on the English language at some stages of its development.
C. The English language has been and still in a state of relatively constant change.
D. Many classes or groups have contributed to the development of the English language.
4. The author of these paragraphs is probably a***an*** .
A. historian B. philosopher C. anthropologist D. linguist
5.Which of the following can be best used as the title of the passage? A. The history of the English language.
B. Our changing attitude towards the English language.
C. Our changing language.
D. Some characteristics of modern English.
Vocabulary
1. span n. 跨度，范圍，一段時間，期間
2. imperceptible adj. 感覺不到的，覺察不到的，極細微的
3. organi *** n. 生物體，有機體
4. possession n. 擁有，佔有，領土，領地
5. ignorant adj. 無知的 6. folk n. 人們，民族
7. permanence n. 永久，持久
8. Anglo-Saxons n. 盎格魯—撒克遜語，盎格魯—撒克遜人，地道的 英國人
9. reversal n. 顛倒，反向，逆轉 10. inflection n. 詞尾變化
11. preposition n. 前置詞，介詞
12. conjunction n. 聯合，關聯，連線詞
13. in terms of 根據，按照，用……的話，在……方面
長難句解析
①【解析】「who」引導非限制性定語從句，修飾「the mon, ignorant folk」。「much as」引導狀語從句。「kitchen pots and pans」意為「鍋碗瓢盆」。【譯文】一方面它是那些普通人甚至無知民眾的財產，他們每天都像使喚他們的牲畜和鍋碗瓢盆一樣用著語言。
②【解析】 此句為一個復合倒裝句。「until」引導一個並列句，前一句的主語是「a tendency」，「to fix the language into patterns not always set in and grew」作「tendency」的定語，第二句的主語也是「a tendency」，
「to」後面的句子作「tendency」的定語，「in which」引導的定語從句修飾「ways」。 【譯文】例如在18世紀一種產生於各種來源的趨勢把語言固定在一個不常使用和不利於語言發展的模式中，而到了當今，主流是要反復研究、評價人們說話、寫作中的語言實踐。
答案與詳解
【短文大意】本文主要講述英語演變過程的一些特點，指出了古英語與現代英語的不同，以及語言學家對待語言形式的態度的變化。
1.B細節題。根據題干回原文中定位，閱讀文章時注意首末段及各段開頭的句子，這往往都是考點所在。這篇文章講的主要是英語語言演變的一些特點，指出了古英語與現代英語的不同，以及語言學家態度的轉變。本題問的正是現代語言學家與早期語言學家不同的傾向。根據文章末尾The eighteenth century, for example, proced from various sources a tendency to fix the language into patterns not always set in and grew, until at the present time there is a strong tendency to restudy and re-evaluate language practices in terms of the ways in which people speak and write. 現代語言學家傾向於根據人們說和寫的方式評價語言實踐，而不是像早期的語言學家根據一定的模式評價語言。選項B符合文章的意思。
2.A詞彙題。要根據上下文的資訊判斷單詞的意思。文章在第二段中間再次提到inflection時說，A few inflections, however, have survived. 後面文章又舉了WHO/WHOM和ME/I為例說明inflection，這是一篇關於語言學的文章，從例子可以看出inflection的意思應該是「單詞的變形」，選項A正確。
3.A細節題。根據文章的內容，選項A「普遍認為1500年是現代英語的起點」在文章中沒有提及，故為正確答案。文章第二句說The history of our language has always been a history of constant change - at times a slow, almost imperceptible change, at other times a violent collision between two languages. 我們語言的歷史是一個不斷變化的歷史——在一些時間里緩慢得幾乎難以察覺，在另一些時間里則是兩種語言的激烈碰撞。由此可以推斷一些其他的語言對英語的發展有重大影響，選項B符合文章的意思。
4.D詞彙題。此題考查考生的推測能力和詞彙量，文章講述的是英國語言演進的具體細節，最適當的答案應該是D。作者很可能是一位語言學家。A答案***歷史學家***和C答案***人類學家***也可以有點迷惑性。B答案***哲學家***是最不符合的。
5.C主旨題。本文從各個方面談及英語作為一種語言的發展變化，但並不是講述英語的歷史。所以選項A不對，選項C作為文章的題目最為貼切。選項B只是文章闡述的一個方面，不夠全面。文章是在談到英語的不斷變化的時候談到了現代英語的一些特點，所以選項D也失之於片面。
Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international marketplace. 『This system of learned behavior patterns characteristic of the members of a given society is constantly shaped by a set of dynamic variables: language, religion, values and attitudes, manners and customs, aesthetics, technology, ecation, and social institutions.』① To cope with this system, an international manager needs both factual and interpretive knowledge of culture. To some extent, the factual knowledge can be learned; its interpretation es only through experience.
The most plicated problems in dealing with the cultural environment stem from the fact that one cannot learn culture—one has to live it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversity. One is that business is business the world around, following the model of Pepsi and McDonald』s. In some cases, globalization is a fact of life; however, cultural differences are still far from converging.
The other school proposes that panies must tailor business approaches to indivial cultures. Setting up policies and proceres in each country has been pared to an organ transplant; the critical question centers around acceptance or rejection. The major challenge to the international manager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia or even blindness.
Fortune examined the international performance of a dozen large panies that earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas. The internationally successful panies all share an important quality: patience. They have not rushed into situations but rather built their operations carefully by following the most basic business principles. These principles are to know your adversary, know your audience, and know your customer.
1. According to the passage, which of the following is true?
A. All international managers can learn culture.
B. Business diversity is not necessary.
C. Views differ on how to treat culture in business world.
D. Most people do not know foreign culture well.
2. According to the author, the model of Pepsi .
A. is in line with the theories of the school advocating the business is business the world around
B. is different from the model of McDonald』s
C. shows the reverse of globalization
D. has converged cultural differences
3. The two schools of thought .
A. both propose that panies should tailor business approaches to indivial cultures
B. both advocate that different policies be set up in different countries C. admit the existence of cultural diversity in business world
D. Both A and B
4. This article is supposed to be most useful for those .
A. who are interested in researching the topic of cultural diversity
B. who have connections to more than one type of culture
C. who want to travel abroad
D. who want to run business on International Scale
5. According to Fortune, successful international panies .
A. earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas
B. all have the quality of patience
C. will follow the overseas local cultures
D. adopt the policy of internationalization
Vocabulary
1. dynamic adj. 動態的 2. variable n. 變數
aesthetics n. 美學 4. factual adj. 事實的
5. interpretative adj. 解釋的 6. converge v. 聚合
7. transplant v. 移植8. myopia n. 近視 9. adversary n. 對手
長難句解析
①【解析】此句雖然很長，但考生只要認清它的主幹，就很容易了解本句的意思。這個句子為一個簡單句，主語為：「this system」，謂語為「is shaped」。
【譯文】特定社會成員特點構成的行為方式體系不斷地被一系列動態變數所左右：如語言、信仰、價值與態度、禮儀與風俗、審美、技術、教育及社會體制。
答案與詳解
【短文大意】本文主要講述文化背景對商業運作的影響，文中列舉了商界中存在的對於文化多樣性的兩種觀點。
C推斷題。意為「對在商業中怎樣對待文化有著不同意見」。 文化在商業中是一個很具挑戰性的因素。不同的國家與地區可能會有不同的文化體系。在商業中，應該怎樣對待不同的文化，商業界存在著不同的看法。
2. A細節題。意為「……與同意世界商業一體化的派別的主張是一致的」。 Pepsi採納的是國際化的商業風格，這與那些主張國際化的派別的意見是相一致的。
3. C推斷題。意為「承認商業世界中文化的多元性」。兩個派別都承認商業世界中文化的多元性。他們的不同在於，應該對待不同的文化，應該搞國際化還是對不同的文化採取不同的策略。
4. D主旨題。由文中的例子可以知道，作者主要關心的並不是研究多種文化形態，而是文化背景對商業運作的影響。所以D是正確答案。
5. B細節題。意為「都具有耐心這一素質」。並非所有成功的國際公司的海外收入都占總收入的20%或以上。它們也不一定全都接納海外的當地文化，或是採納國際化策略。
Ⅱ 2019年6月大學英語四級閱讀理解訓練：天才
2019年6月大學英語四級閱讀理解訓練：天才雹族
①The old idea that talented children 「burn themselves out」 in the early years, and, therefore, are subjected to failure and at worst, mental illness is unfounded. ②As a matter of fact, the outstanding thing that happens to bright kids is that they are very likely to grow into bright alts.
To find this out, l, 500 gifted persons were followed up to their thirty-fifth year with these results:
①On alt intelligence tests, they scored as high as they had as children. ②They were, as a group, in good health, physically and mentally. ③84 per cent of their group were married and seemed content with their lives.
①About 70 per cent had graated from college, though only 30 per cent had graated with honors. ②A few had even dropped out, but nearly half of these had returned to graate. ③Of the men, 80 per cent were in one of the professions or in business management or semiprofessional jobs. ④The women who had remained single had office, business, or professional occupations.
The group had published 90 books and 1,500 articles in scientific, scholarly, and literary magazines and had collected more than 100 patents.
①In a material way they did not do badly either. ②Average income was considerably higher among the gifted people, especially the men, than for the country as a whole, despite their comparative youth.
In fact, far from being strange, most of the gifted were turning their early promise into practical reality.
一、詞彙肆肆鏈
1.subjected to容易遭受 2.unfounded a. 無理裂孫由的
3.follow up跟蹤,監督 4.drop out退學
5.patent n. 專利權,專利品 6.comparative a. 比較的,相當的
7.promise n. 獲得成功的跡象
二、長難句
1. The old idea that talented children 「burn themselves out」 in the early years, and, therefore, are subjected to failure and at worst, mental illness is unfounded.
該句的主幹為The old idea that …is unfounded，其中that引導的從句做主語名詞The old idea的同位語。該從句的主幹為talented children 「burn themselves out」 … and are subjected to failure and … mental illness。
翻譯：聰明的孩子年少時就「江郎才盡」從而變得一事無成甚至患有精神疾病，這種舊有的說法是沒有根據的。
2. As a matter of fact, the outstanding thing that happens to bright kids is that they are very likely to grow into bright alts.
該句的主幹為the outstanding thing that … is that …。第一個that引導定語從句，修飾主語名詞the outstanding thing，第二個that引導表語從句。
翻譯：事實上，聰明的孩子的傑出之處在於他們很可能在成年後還是很聰明的。
3. Average income was considerably higher among the gifted people, especially the men, than for the country as a whole, despite their comparative youth.
該句主幹為Average income was considerably higher … than (that) for the country as a whole，短語among the gifted people, especially the men和 for the country as a whole是相比較的范圍。介詞短語despite …做讓步狀語。
翻譯：這群天資稟賦之人，尤其是其中的男人，雖然比較年輕，但與全國其他人相比，他們的平均收入卻高得多。
三、文章結構分析
本文是一篇先駁後立的文章，批駁了天才兒童在年少時就「江郎才盡」的說法，指出聰明的孩子在成年後仍然是很有才華的。
第一段：開篇駁斥有關天才兒童早期才盡的舊有說法，並提出新的觀點，即聰明的孩子成年後仍然很聰明。
第二至六段：用實驗結果證明了表明了絕大多數的天兒童成年後仍取得了很大的成就，從而證明了作者觀點的正確性。
第七段：總結全文，重申文章主旨：大多數天才兒童都能將其年少時的夢想變為現實。
四、試題具體分析
18. The old idea that talented children 「burn themselves out」 in the early years is ________.18. 聰明的孩子年少時就「江郎才盡「這種舊有的說法______。
[A] true in all senses[A] 在任何意義上來說都是正確的
[B] refuted by the author[B] 被作者駁斥了
[C] medically proven[C] 是有醫學根據的
[D] a belief of the author[D] 是作者的一種信仰
[分析]本題考查的知識點是：文章主旨。
作者開篇表明自己的觀點：聰明的孩子年少時就「江郎才盡」從而變得一事無成甚至變得精神失常，這種舊有的說法是沒有根據的。並在下文通過對1500名天才的檢測調查證明了該觀點的正確性。unfounded即表明作者是否定這種說法的，故[B]選項正確。
[A]選項反向干擾。[C]選項反向干擾，文章開篇即指出聰明的孩子年少時就「江郎才盡」的說法是沒有根據的。[D]選項反向干擾，根據上面的分析可知作者是批駁這種說法的，因此其不可能是作者的信仰，故排除。
19. The survey of bright children was made to ________.19. 對聰明的孩子進行調查是為了________.
[A] find out what had happened to talented children when they became alts[A] 查明這些有天賦的孩子成年後的狀況如何
[B] prove that talented children 「burn themselves out」 in the early years[B] 證明聰明的孩子年少時就會「江郎才盡」
[C] discover the percentage of those mentally ill among the gifted[C] 得到這些天才兒童中患精神疾病的人的比例
[D] prove that talented children never burn themselves out[D] 證明天才兒童永遠都不會「江郎才盡」
[分析]本題考查的知識點是：寫作目的。
文章第二至五段詳述了對1500名天才兒童進行跟蹤檢測，得到他們成年後在生活、學習、工作、成就和薪酬等方面的具體情況，從而證明聰明的孩子很可能在成年後還是很聰明的。可知，調查的直接目的就是為了查明天才兒童成年之後的狀況如何，故[A]選項正確。
[B]選項反向干擾。作者在第一段就駁斥了這種說法，引用實驗的目的是為了證明這種說法的錯誤性。[C]選項是根據原文詞彙gifted, mental illness , percentage編造的干擾項，且文章第三段②句(They were,… in good health, physically and mentally.)也否定了這一說法。[D]選項過於絕對且無法推知。實驗並沒有指出所有的天才兒童長大之後都會很有才華，另外對實驗對象的跟蹤測試一直進行到他們35歲為止，因此對於天資稟賦之人35歲後的情況無法推知。
20. Intelligence tests showed that ________.20. 智力測試表明_______。
[A] bright children were unlikely to be mentally healthy[A] 聰明的孩子是不可能精神正常的
[B] between childhood and althood there was a considerable loss of intelligence[B] 從孩提到成年智力喪失很嚴重的
[C] talented children were most likely to become gifted alts[C] 天才兒童成年後最可能成為有才華的人
[D] when talented children grew into alts, they made low scores[D] 當天才兒童成年後很難取得成就
[分析]本題考查的知識點是：具體細節。
根據關鍵詞定位到文章第三段。該段①句指出，在成人智力測試上，孩提時智商很高的人在成年後同樣會取得很高的分數。緊接著在下文指出這些孩子成年後在生活，學習，工作以及所取得的成就等方面也是十分突出的。由此可知，智力測試表明了天才兒童成年後也最可能成為有才華的人，[C]選項正確。
[A]選項反向干擾。智力測試無法對精神狀態進行測試，且第三段②句指出了這些孩子成年後身心狀況都是良好的。文章主要論述了天才兒童在成年之後仍然是很有才華的，因此他們從孩提到成年智力並沒有喪失而且他們也是很有成就的，故可排除[B]、[D]選項。
五、全文翻譯
聰明的孩子年少時就「江郎才盡」從而變得一事無成甚至患有精神疾病，這種舊有的說法是沒有根據的。事實上，聰明的孩子的傑出之處在於他們很可能在成年後還是很聰明的。
為了驗證這一結論，實驗跟蹤監測了1,500名有天賦的人，這個實驗一直進行到他們35歲為止，結果發現：
在成人智力測試上，他們的得分同他們孩提時的得分一樣高。作為一個群體，他們身心狀況良好。在這個群體中，有84%的人已經結婚了而且似乎對自己的生活感到滿意。
雖然只有30%的人是優秀畢業生，但大學畢業的人數約為70%。雖然有幾個人曾中途退學，但是其中將近一半的人又重新返回了學校並畢業。其中男性中的80%的人在專業領域、企業管理或是半專業領域里從事工作。而其中仍為單身的女性也在辦事處、企業或專業領域工作。
這群人已經編著了90本書並在科學、學術以及文學雜志上發表了1500篇文章以及擁有100多項專利權。
在現實生活中，他們也表現良好。這群天資稟賦之人，尤其是其中的男人，雖然比較年輕，但與全國其他人相比，他們的平均收入卻高得多。
事實上，不足為奇，大多數的天才都會將其早年的跡象轉化為現實。
Ⅲ 2019年6月大學英語四級閱讀理解訓練：宇宙/汽車
2019年6月大學英語四級閱讀理解訓練：跡運前宇宙
A scientist once said: 「I have concluded that the earth is being visited by intelligently controlled vehicles from outer space.」
If we take this as a reasonable explanation for UFOs (unidentified flying objects), questions immediately come up.
姿清「Why don』t they get in touch with us, then? Why don』t they land right on the White House lawn and declare themselves?」 people asked.
悄租In reply, scientists say that, while this may be what we want, it may not necessarily be what they want.
「The most likely explanation, it seems to me,」 said Dr. Mead, 「is that they are simply watching what we are up to -- that responsible society outside our solar system is keeping an eye on us to see that we don』t set in motion a chain reaction that might have unexpected effects for outside our solar system.」
Opinions from other scientists might go like this: 「Why should they want to get in touch with us? We may feel we』re more important than we really are! They may want to observe us only and not interfere with the development of our civilization. They may not care if we see them but they also may not care to say 『hello』.」
①Some scientists have also suggested that Earth is a kind of zoo or wildlife reserve. ②Just as we set aside wilderness areas and wildlife reserves to allow animals and growing things to develop naturally while we observe them, so perhaps Earth was set aside ages ago for the same purpose.
①Are we being observed by intelligent beings from other civilizations in the universe? ②Are they watching our progress in space travel? ③Do we live in a gigantic 「zoo」 observed by our 「keepers,」 but having no communication with them?
①Never before in our history have we had to confront ideas like these. ②The simple fact is that we, who have always regarded ourselves as supreme in the universe, may not be so. ③Now we have to recognize that, among the stars in the heavens, there may very well be worlds inhabited by beings who are to us as we are to ants.
一、詞彙
1.conclude v. 作結論，推斷
2.vehicle n. 交通工具
3.be up to sth= be doing sth正在做
4.keep an eye on sb監視某人
5.set in motion使某物運轉
6.reserve n. 貯存，預備舍
7.set aside 保留
8.supreme a. 最高的
9.inhabit v. 居住於，占據
二、長難句
1. The most likely explanation, it seems to me,」 said Dr. Mead, 「is that they are simply watching what we are up to -- that responsible society outside our solar system is keeping an eye on us to see that we don』t set in motion a chain reaction that might have unexpected effects for outside our solar system.
該句的賓語由直接引語構成。該直接引語的主幹為The most likely explanation is that …，破折號的部分對that引導的表語從句進行解釋說明。該部分的主幹為responsible society … is keeping an eye on us，不定式結構to see that …做目的狀語。其中第一個that引導的從句做see的賓語，第二個that引導的從句做後置定語，修飾先行詞chain reaction。
翻譯：米德博士稱「在我看來，最可能的解釋是他們只不過是看看我們在做什麼——我們太陽系之外有責任心的社會正留意著我們，以確保我們不會觸發某種連鎖反應，從而給太陽系之外的星系造成意想不到的影響。」
2. Just as we set aside wilderness areas and wildlife reserves to allow animals and growing things to develop naturally while we observe them, so perhaps Earth was set aside ages ago for the same purpose.
該句為主從復合句，just as引導方式狀語從句，其中還嵌套了while引導的時間狀語從句。主句部分的主幹為perhaps Earth was set aside。
翻譯：就像我們劃出野生動物活動區和保護區以便我們可以在自然狀態觀察動植物的生長情況一樣，或許地球就是很早以前為達到相同的目的而被劃出的保護區。
3. Now we have to recognize that, among the stars in the heavens, there may very well be worlds inhabited by beings who are to us as we are to ants.
該句的主幹為we have to recognize that …，that引導的從句做賓語。該從句的主幹為there may very well be worlds，過去分詞短語inhabited by beings …做後置定語，修飾名詞worlds，who引導的定語從句也做後置定語，修飾beings。
翻譯：現在我們必須認識到在茫茫星海中，也許就有這樣的星體，那上面居住的生物看待我們就如同我們看待螞蟻一樣。
三、文章結構分析
本文是一篇探討外星生物是否存的時文。
第一至三段：通過一位科學家的話引出爭論的焦點：外星生物是否存在?
第四至八段：羅列了科學家們對此問題而產生的四種猜測—不願同人類接觸、在暗中留意人類的行動、只出於觀察目的而不想同人類接觸、地球是外星人劃立的「動物」保護區。
第九段：總結全文，肯定外星生物的存在，並提醒人們宇宙中存在著更強大生物的可能性。
四、試題具體分析
11. People who ask the question 「Why don』t they get in touch with us... and declare themselves?」 think that ________.11. 提出「那麼他們為什麼不和我們聯系呢?為什麼他們不正好降落到白宮的草坪上然後自我介紹一下呢?」這些問題的人認為________.
[A] there are no such things as UFOs[A] 不明飛行物這種東西是不存在的
[B] UFOs are visitors from solar system[B] 不明飛行物是來自太陽系的探訪者
[C] there』s no reason for UFOs sooner or later[C] 對於不明飛行物的說法遲早會理屈詞窮的
[D] we are bound to see UFOs sooner or later[D] 人類遲早會看見不明飛行物的
[分析]本題考查的知識點是：推理引申。
根據第一、二段可知，題干中的問題是「如果將來自外太空的智能飛船正在造訪地球作為對不明飛行物的合理解釋」就會出現的問題。第四到七段引用科學家的話對這一問題給予了回復：對為什麼人類同外星人之間沒有聯系進行了推測。可見，問這些問題的人並不相信外星生物或不明飛行物是存在的，而科學家的推測卻在證明它們可能是存在的。故[A]選項正確。
[B]選項是根據UFOs和solar system編造的干擾項，且[B]選項本身表達亦不正確。文中指出如果外星人是存在的，那他們一定存在於太陽系之外的某個星系之中。[C]選項錯在no reasons。文章第四到七段給出針對這些問題的解答，所以並非是理屈詞窮。[D]選項反向干擾，從上面的分析可知提出問題的人是不相信UFOs是存在的，所以他們也不會認為遲早會見到不明飛行物。
12. According to Dr. Mead, the attitude of beings from outer space toward us is one of ________.12.米德博士認為來自外太空的生物對人類的看法會是_______。
[A] unfriendliness[A] 不友善的
[B] suspicion[B] 猜疑的
[C] superiority[C] 盛氣凌人的
[D] hostility[D] 敵意的
[分析]本題考查的知識點是：推理引申。
根據題中人物關鍵詞Dr. Mead定位到文章第五段。針對一些人提出的外星人為何不同人類接觸的問題，米德博士認為最可能的解釋就是他們只是負責留意我們，確保我們的行動不會觸發能夠危害到他們的連鎖反應。由此可知，米德博士的觀點是外星人對人類的態度應該是猜疑的，故[B]選項正確。
[A]、[C]選項都是其他猜測認為來外星生物會對人類所持的態度。[D]選項從文中無從推知。
13. The tone of the writer is that of ________.13. 作者的語氣是________。
[A] doubt[A] 懷疑的
[B] warning[B] 警告的
[C] indifference[C] 冷漠的
[D] criticism[D] 批判的
[分析]本題考查的知識點是：作者態度。
文章第八段是作者觀點的闡述。第八段第二句指出人類從未有過外星生物是否存在的想法正是人類自身的盲目優越感所致。作者認為也許正是這種盲目自大，使我們否定了外星生物的存在，但是外星生物一定是存在於茫茫宇宙的某個星體上，他們看待我們就如同我們看待螞蟻一般。可見本文作者所持的是批判的態度，故[D]選項正確。
[A]選項反向干擾。第八段第三句話明確指出，我們必須認識到茫茫星海中也許真的有外星生物的存在。從文中無法得出作者對否定外星人存在的人所給的警示之語，故排除[B]選項。第八段中always, supreme, have to, who are to us as we are to ants等表明了作者並不是漠然的，故[C]選項錯誤。
五、全文翻譯
一位科學家曾說過「我斷定來自外太空的智能飛船正在造訪地球。」
如果我們將其作為對不明飛行物的合理解釋，那麼問題馬上就來了。
人們會問：「那麼他們為什麼不和我們聯系呢?為什麼他們不正好降落到白宮的草坪上然後自我介紹一下呢?」
對於這些問題，科學家們的回答是：雖然這也許是我們想要的，但這也許並不是他們想要的啊。
米德博士稱「在我看來，最可能的解釋是他們只不過是看看我們在做什麼——我們太陽系之外有責任心的社會正留意著我們，以確保我們不會觸發某種連鎖反應，從而給太陽系之外的星系造成意想不到的影響。」
其他科學家的觀點是這樣的：「他們為什麼要聯系我們?我們也許把自己想的過於重要了!他們也許就是想觀察我們而不想介入人類文明的發展。他們也許並不關心我們是否看到了他們，也不關心是否打個招呼。」
還有一些科學家認為，地球就是一個動物園或是野生動物保護區。就像我們劃出野生動物活動區和保護區以便我們可以在自然狀態觀察動植物的生長情況一樣，或許地球就是很早以前為達到相同的目的而被劃出的保護區。
宇宙中其他文明的智能生物正在觀察我們么?他們正留意我們在太空航行上的進展么?我們是生活在一個只能被「飼養員」觀察卻無法與其溝通的巨型「動物園」里么?
在人類的歷史上，我們從未遇到過類似的想法。真相很簡單，那就是我們總認為在整個宇宙中我們是至高無上的，可事實也許並非如此。現在我們必須認識到在茫茫星海中，也許就有這樣的星體，那上面居住的生物看待我們就如同我們看待螞蟻一樣。
2019年6月大學英語四級閱讀理解訓練：汽車
①The use of the motor is becoming more and more widespread in the twentieth century; as an increasing number of countries develop both technically and economically, so a larger proportion of the world』s population is able to buy and use a car. ②Possessing a car gives a much greater degree of mobility, enabling the driver to move around freely. ③The owner of a car is no longer forced to rely on public transport and is, therefore, not compelled to work locally. ④He can choose from different jobs and probably changes his work more frequently as he is not restricted to a choice within a small radius. ⑤Travelling to work by car is also more comfortable than having to use public transport; the driver can adjust the heating in winter and the air conditioning in the summer to suit his own needs and preference. ⑥There is no irritation caused by waiting for trains, buses or underground trains, standing in long patient queues, or sitting on windy platforms, for as long as half an hour sometimes. ⑦With the building of good, fast motorways long distances can be covered rapidly and pleasantly. ⑧For the first time in this century also, many people are now able to enjoy their leisure time to the full by making trips to the country or seaside at the weekends, instead of being confined to their immediate neighbourhood. ⑨This feeling of independence, and the freedom to go where you please, is perhaps the greatest advantage of the car.
①When considering the drawbacks, perhaps pollution is of prime importance. ②As more and more cars are proced and used, so the emission from their exhaust-pipes contains an ever larger volume of poisonous gas. ③Some of the contents of this gas, such as lead, not only pollute the atmosphere but cause actual harm to the health of people. ④Many of the minor illnesses of modern instrial society, headaches, tiredness, and stomach upsets are thought to arise from breathing polluted air; doctors』 surgeries are full of people suffering from illnesses caused by pollution. ⑤It is also becoming increasingly difficult to deal with the problem of traffic in towns; most of the important cities of the world suffer from traffic congestion. ⑥In fact any advantage gained in comfort is often cancelled out in city driving by the frustration caused by traffic jams: endless queues of cars crawling one after another through all the main streets. ⑦As an increasing number of traffic regulation schemes are devised, the poor bewildered driver finds himself diverted and forced into one-way systems which cause even greater delays than the traffic jams they are supposed to prevent. ⑧The mounting cost of petrol and the increased license fees and road tax all add to the driver』s worries. ⑨In fact, he must sometimes wonder if the motor car is such a blessing and not just a menace.
一、詞彙
1.Mobility n. 可動性,變動性
2.Radius n. 半徑
3.Preference n. 偏愛
4.irritation n. 煩惱
5.queue n. 長隊
6.cover v. 行走(距離)
7.confine v. 限制
8.prime a. 首要的,最好的
9.bewildered a. 困惑的
10.divert v. 轉移
11.blessing n. 祝福
12.menace n. 威脅
二、長難句
As an increasing number of traffic regulation schemes are devised, the poor bewildered driver finds himself diverted and forced into one-way systems which cause even greater delays than the traffic jams they are supposed to prevent.
該句為主從復合句。句首為as引導的時間狀語從句，主幹為the poor bewildered driver finds himself diverted and forced …，其中包含「find oneself +過去分詞」結構，意為「發現自己(處於某狀態)」。Which引導的定語從句做後置定語，修飾先行詞one-way systems。
翻譯：當越來越多的交通管理方案出台時，暈頭轉向的司機發現可憐的自己被迫轉進了一條單行道，這樣耽誤的時間超過了他們所避免的交通擁堵時間。
三、文章結構分析
文章主要探討了汽車廣泛使用的利弊問題。
第一段：指出了汽車廣泛使用的原因並論述汽車給人類帶來的好處：靈活、舒適、快捷、自主。
第二段：主要論述了由於汽車的廣泛使用給人類帶來的困擾：大氣污染、健康威脅、交通堵塞、費用負擔。
四、試題具體分析
14. More and more people can afford to buy and use cars because ________.14. 越來越多的人能夠購買並使用汽車是因為________。
[A] an increasing number of cars are being proced[A] 生產的汽車越來越多
[B] the cost of cars is getting cheaper with the development of technology[B] 隨著技術的進步，汽車的成本也越來越低了
[C] lots of countries have become more developed[C] 許多國家都步入了發達國家之列
[D] the use of cars has proved to be more economical[D] 已經證實使用汽車是較經濟的
[分析]本題考查的知識點是：因果細節。
文章第一段①句指出，因為越來越多的國家在技術和經濟領域都取得了進步，所以世界上大部分人都能購買並使用汽車了。[C]選項正是對此句話的概括，故正確。
[A]選項張冠李戴。將「汽車的尾氣管里排出了更多含有有毒物質的廢氣的原因，即人們生產的汽車越來越多了」，當成是「越來越來人購買並使用汽車的原因」。[B]選項無中生有，是利用原文詞彙develop technically和the cost 編造的干擾項。第二段⑧句指出，飆升的油價和日益上漲的駕駛執照費和養路費使駕車人變得更加憂心忡忡。可見，使用汽車並不會為其所有者節省錢，故排除[D]選項。
15. The advantages of having a car are best experienced in the driver』s ________.15. 擁有汽車最大的好處是駕車人能夠體驗________。
[A] freedom in choosing his job[A] 選擇工作的自由
[B] comfort ring the travels[B] 旅行中舒適的感覺
[C] enjoyment of his leisure time[C] 閑暇時光的享受
[D] feeling of self-reliance[D] 自立的感覺
[分析]本題考查的知識點是：具體細節。
第一段末句明確指出，自主的感覺以及去任何想去的地方的那種自由或許是汽車最大的優點了，故[D]選項正確。
[A]、[B]、[C]選項都是文中談到的擁有汽車的好處，但並非最大優點，故排除。
16. What is considered by the writer as the greatest menace to the people caused by the widespread use of motor cars?16. 作者認為汽車的廣泛使用對人們造成的最大威脅是什麼?
[A] air pollution[A]空氣污染
[B] traffic jams[B]交通堵塞
[C] fatal diseases[C]致命疾病
[D] high cost[D]高額成本
[分析]本題考查的知識點是：具體細節。
文章第二段①句即明確指出，對於汽車使用的最大弊端可能就是汽車造成的污染問題。故[A]選項正確。
[B]、[D]選項雖然都是汽車使用對人們生活和健康的威脅，但並不是最大的威脅，故排除。[C]選項本身即錯誤。第二段第四句指出，現代工業社會中許多小病都是由於吸入被汽車尾氣污染了的空氣而引起的。可知，汽車的使用並不會引發致命的疾病。
五、全文翻譯
二十世紀，汽車的用途變得越來越廣泛了，因為越來越多的國家在技術和經濟領域都取得了進步，所以世界上大部分人都能購買並使用汽車了。擁有一輛汽車就相當於具有更大的靈活性，開車的人可以自由活動。有汽車的人不必再依靠公共交通工具，因此也不必在工作所在地居住了。他可以選擇不同的工作，也可能更頻繁地跳槽，他不必在離家很近的范圍內選擇工作了。同乘坐公共汽車相比，開車上班也更加舒適些，人們可以按自己的需要和喜好隨著季節來調節車內供暖和空調系統。有時人們要花半個小時站在長長的隊伍里或坐在當風的站台內等火車、公交或地鐵，由這種情況導致的惱怒也會隨著汽車的使用而消失。隨著寬敞快捷的高速公路的修建，長途旅行變得快捷且愉快了。許多人能夠在周末的時候開車去鄉村或海邊，好好地享受他們的閑暇時光，而不用限制在住家附近的地方活動，這在本世紀也屬首次了。自主的感覺以及去任何想去的地方的那種自由或許是汽車最大的優點了。
考慮到不好的方面，汽車造成的污染或許是其最大的缺點。因為人們生產和使用的汽車越來越多，所以汽車的尾氣管里會排出更多含有有毒物質的廢氣。這種氣體中一些成分的，例如鉛，不僅污染了大氣還對人們健康造成了實際傷害。人們認為現代工業社會中許多小病，例如，頭痛、疲勞以及胃不適，都是由於吸入污濁的空氣而引起的，醫生的診室裡面充滿了受其累的病患。處理城市裡交通問題也變得越來越棘手了，世界上大多數重要城市都飽受交通堵塞之苦。事實上，在城市中駕車而行，從這種舒適中獲取的任何好處都被由交通堵塞造成的沮喪感給抵消了：一眼望不到邊際的汽車長龍，一輛跟著一輛慢慢爬過每一條主街道。當越來越多的交通管理方案出台時，暈頭轉向的司機發現可憐的自己被迫轉進了一條單行道，這樣耽誤的時間超過了他們所避免的交通擁堵時間。飆升的油價和日益上漲的駕駛執照費和養路費使駕車人變得更憂心忡忡。事實上，他肯定有時候會想弄清楚汽車真的只會帶來幸福而不會對我們造成威脅么。
Ⅳ 英語4級閱讀理解模擬題及答案
英語4級閱讀理解模擬題及答案
閱讀理解主要考查考生理解主旨要義、具體信息、概念性含義，進行有關的判斷、推理和引申，根據上下文推測生詞的詞義等能力。下面我為大家搜索整理的關於英語4級閱讀理解模擬題及答案，供大家參考學習，希望對您有所幫助。
What is it about Americans and food? We love to eat, but we feel 1 about it afterward. We say we want only the best, but we strangely enjoy junk food. We’re 2 with health and weight loss but face an unprecedented epidemic of obesity(肥胖). Perhaps the 3 to this ambivalence(矛盾情結) lies in our history. The first Europeans came to this continent searching for new spices but went in vain. The first cash crop(經濟作物) wasn’t eaten but smoked. Then there was Prohibition, intended to prohibit drinking but actually encouraging more 4 ways of doing it.
The immigrant experience, too, has been one of inharmony. Do as Romans do means eating what “real Americans” eat, but our nation’s food has come to be 5 by imports—pizza, say, or hot dogs. And some of the country’s most treasured cooking comes from people who arrived here in shackles.
Perhaps it should come as no surprise then that food has been a medium for the nation’s defining struggles, whether at the Boston Tea Party or the sit?ins at southern lunch counters. It is integral to our concepts of health and even morality whether one refrains from alcohol for religious reasons or evades meat for political 6 .
But strong opinions have not brought 7 . Americans are ambivalent about what they put in their mouths. We have become 8 of our foods, especially as we learn more about what they contain.
The 9 in food is still prosperous in the American consciousness. It’s no coincidence, then, that the first Thanksgiving holds the American imagination in such bondage(束縛). It’s what we eat—and how we 10 it with friends, family, and strangers—that help define America as a community today.
A. answer I. creative
B. result J. belief
C. share K. suspicious
D. guilty L. certainty
E. constant M. obsessed
F. defined N. identify
G. vanish O. ideals
H. adapted
答案及解析
1.D feel是一個系動詞，可以判斷此處應填入一個形容詞，通過上下文意思，以及後面介詞about, 可以確定選項為D項guilty, 短語feel guilty about sth. “對……感到有愧”。全句的意思為“我們很愛吃，但是往往在吃完之後又有負罪感”。
2.M be obsessed with 為固定搭配，原意為“被……附上/纏住/迷住心竅”，放在本句表示“十分重視”。全句的意思為“我們很關心健康和減肥，但肥胖卻又空前地在蔓延”。
3. A 本句缺一個名詞作主語，並且根據和介詞to的搭配，可以推斷出正確選項answer.
4. I本句根據more和ways可以判斷出需要填入一個形容詞構成比較級，根據上下文，表示“旨在禁止酗酒的禁酒令，卻激發了更多新奇的方法來酗酒”，可以確定I為正確選項。
5. F 本題較難。根據be 和by 確定應填入一個過去分詞。再根據上下文，上文表示“應該吃典型的美國人吃的食物”，下文通過 but 轉折，表示實際上“美國的.食物已經被諸如比薩和熱狗這樣的舶來品所詮釋了”，因此可以確定F為正確選項。
6.B政治結果，可根據宗教原因religious reasons來推斷此處填政治結果。
7. L由於橫線後面沒有賓語，可以確定不是形成bring的短語，這樣本句所缺的為一名詞，做bring的賓語。根據下文解釋，“美國人對他們所吃的食物的態度是矛盾的”，可以推出本句意義為“堅定的觀點也不是確定不變的”。因此可以確定L為正確選項。
8. K系動詞become後應填入一個形容詞，和後面介詞of形成短語be/become suspicious of “對……感到懷疑”。
9. J本句缺一個名詞作主語，並且根據和介詞in的搭配，可以推斷出正確選項belief，(have)belief in sth.“ 相信……”。
10. C本句是一般現在時，缺一個動詞，且和with 搭配，確定選項為share, share sth. with sb., “與某人分享某事”。
;Ⅳ 2019年6月大學英語四級閱讀理解訓練三篇
2019年6月大學英語四級閱配殲讀理解培猛沖訓練：夢
Of all the components of a good night's sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by thelate 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just "mental noise"-the random byprocts of the neural repair work that goes on ring sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is "off line." And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better. "It's your dream," says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychologyat Chicago's Medical Center, "if you don't like it, change it."
he link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright's clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated ring the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don't always think about the emotional significance of the day's events-until, it appears, we begin to dream.
知脊And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualizehow you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.
At the end of the day, there's probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or "we wake up in panic," Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people's anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings.Sleep-or rather dream-on it and you'll feel better in the morning.
練習題：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.By saying that 「dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat," (Lines 4-5, Para. 1) the researchers mean that _______.
A.we can think logically in the dreams too
B.dreams can be brought under conscious control
C.dreams represent our unconscious desires and fears
D.dreams can help us keep our mood comparatively stable
2.What did Cartwright find in her clinic?
A.Most bad dreams were followed by happier ones.
B.Divorced couples usually have more bad dreams.
C.One』s dreaming process is related to his emotion.
D.People having negative feelings dream more often.
3.Cartwright believed with much practice，we can learn to _____.
A.control what dreams to dream
B.sleep well without any dreams
C.wake up in time to stop the bad dreams
D.identify what is upsetting about the dreams
4.The author points out that a person who has constant bad dreams should ______
A.learn to control his dreams
B.consult a doctor
C.sleep and dream on it
D.get rid of anxiety first
5.The author most probably thinks that controlling dreams is ______.
A.a good practice
B.a new discovery
C.helpful for everyone
D.not essential for everyone
參考答案及解析
1.[D] 詞義理解題。在第1段第4句中，逗號後面的regulating moods是對emotional thermostat的功能進行解釋說明，因此可以推斷出選項D正確。
2.[C] 事實細節題。最具干擾的是選項A，因為其陳述與第2段第2句的陳述有點相似,但是，此長句說的是大多數人上半夜做噩夢，之後都會做好夢，而不是像選項A中所說大多數噩夢之後是好夢。而且，根據本段第1 句，很明顯，選項C是這一句的近義替換。
3 [C] 推理判斷題。本題考査對代詞的理解。在第3段的最後一句中，代詞it應指上文說到的控制噩夢，及時醒來等做法，因此只有選項C涉及了其中一個做法。選項A太泛了，選項B和D在文中並無提及。
4.[B] 事實細節題。本題考查根據構詞法猜測詞義的能力。解題關鍵是推斷最後一段第3句中therapist的意義，在考綱詞彙表中，therapy是「治療」的意思，因此，therapist應該是專門負責某種治療的醫生，由此可見，選項B是對原文seek help from a therapist的近義替換。
5.[D] 觀點態度題。根據最後一句可以推斷作者認為如無必要，夢還是不要控制的好。做夢會讓你早上感覺舒服一些，因此本題應選D。
2019年6月大學英語四級閱讀理解訓練：機器人跳舞
The dancers stand motionless at their position and the room grows silent. But as the music starts, they began to move, bending, turning and waving their fans gracefully as they perform. a traditional Japanese dance. Yoshihiro Kuroki watches in silence, occasionally making notes. But as the dance ends, he beams with happiness. The performance has been flawless.
There have been many performances of traditional Japanese dances over the centuries, but this one is unique,because it is performed not by human dancers but by robots. And the performance takes place not in a dance studio but in a laboratory of Sony Corp.'s Entertainment Robot Co. in Shinagawa, Japan, where Kuroki isgeneral manager. He is the mastermind behind a series of even more capable humanoid entertainment robots,starting with the Sony Dream Robot, or SDR, in 1997, up to the current QRIO in 2003.
These delightful machines are only 58 cm tall, about the size of a newborn infant, weigh about 7 kg, and move with 38 degrees of freedom, each with its own servomotor(輔助馬達).
QRIO's predecessor, the SDR4X, announced in 2002, can walk, dance, sing, speak, recognize faces, and understand continuous speech. Each robot has two charge-coupled-device cameras to detect color and position andcan locate a colored ball, move toward it, and kick it into a goal. It also has contact sensors in severaljoints to avoid pinching real human fingers. Seeing the robot perform, it is difficult to remember that there is no sentience(知覺)behind those glass eyes.
練習題：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.Which of the following is the most suitable title of this passage?
A.New Entertainment Robots Proced in Japan.
B.QRIO the Robot Dancers.
C.Robots Man's Best Friend.
D.An Extraordinary Performance in Sony's Lab.
2.Yoshihiro Kuroki ______.
A.is excited when the robots are performing a traditional Japanese dance
B.keeps silent because he is a little unsatisfied with the new proct
C.witnesses the creation of a series of entertainment robots
D.is an executive manager of Sony Corp.
3.Which aspect of the robots is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A.The vividness of their motion.
B.Their pleasant appearance.
C.Their smart designing principles.
D.Their communicative ability.
4.The Sony Dream Robot was___
A.the first human-like entertainment robot developed by the Sony Corp
B.as capable as the QRIO of speaking,dancing,singing and walking
C.largest among all the entertainment robot developed by the Sony Corp
D.the first entertainment robot sold at the market by the Sony Corp
5.The robot can locate colored balls by mens of ____
A.a charge-coupled device
B.two cameras
C.two contacts sensors
D.a digital detector
參考答案及解析
1.[A] 主旨大意題。標題需要既全面又突出地概括文章的主題。本文先是描述「舞蹈演員」，然後揭曉這是些「機器人」(第2段第1句)，接著對Sony公司的一些機器人產品進行詳細介紹。選項A比較全面地概括了文章內容。選項B、D只是涉及細節，不能全面地概括本文的內容。而C又過於籠統，不具有針對性。
2.[C] 事實細節題。選項C符合第2段最後一句「He is the mastermind behind a series of... robots...」。仔細閱讀有關的細節信息會發現,第1段第3句可幫助否定選項A。第1段最後兩句可幫助否定選項B。另外，根據第2段倒數第2句可否定選項D。
3.[D] 事實細節題。全文分四段，分別討論機器人三方面的特點：第1段和第2段描述機器人舞蹈演員栩栩如生的表演，即選項A;第3段描寫它們的外表，即選項B;第4段介紹它們巧妙的設計，即選項C;只有選項D是沒有提到的，故為答案。
4.[A] 推理判斷題。該句中的分詞結構「starting with...」表明the Sony Dream Robot是第一個人形娛樂機器人，因此選項A正確。文章在最後一段的第1句提到兩種能說話、跳舞的機器人，但沒有提到SDR是否和它們一樣，由此可否定選項B。在第3段討論機器人大小的時候也沒有提到SDR體型最大，因此選項C不正確。選項D在文中沒有討論到。
5.[B] 事實細節題。該句中「two…cameras to...」的結構表明這兩個攝像頭可以用於定位，所以選項B正確。選項A在該句中也有提到，但它只是攝像機的工作機制，而不是用於定位的裝置。選項C在下一句提到，但與題干提到的定位功能無關。選項D在文中並未提及。
2019年6月大學英語四級閱讀理解訓練：決定嬰兒性別
Henry III didn't know much about biology. He went through six wives back in the 1500s, looking for one whocould bear him a son. Scientists now know that it's the father's sperm, not the mother's egg, which determines whether a baby is a boy or a girl. And last week researchers at the Genetics and IVF Institute, a private fertility(生育能力)center in Virginia, announced a new technique that will allow parents to choose the sex of their baby-to-be, before it has even been conceived. The scientist used a tiny laser detector to measure the DNA in millions of sperm cells as they pass single file through a narrow tube, like cattle being herded through a corral(牲口欄). In a study published last week, "girl sperm," which has more DNA—the genetic material— in each cell, was collected, while "boy sperm" was discarded. And when purified girl sperm was used to impregnate(使受孕)a group of mothers, 15 of 17 resulting babies turned out to be girls.
The researchers say that "sex selection" can also double a mother's chance of having a son and can be usedto avoid genetic diseases that affect only one gender, such as hemophilia(血友病). But some experts, like New York University fertility specialist Dr. Jamie Grifo, worry that sex selection could lead to a kind ofin uteri(子宮)discrimination, especially in cultures where sons are considered superior to daughters. "It's valuing one gender' over another," Grifo says. "I don't think that's something we should be doing." So far, patients at the institute have been asking for both boys and girls, in order to "balance" their families. And some ethics experts say that's fine, as long as parents are just looking for a little gender variety. "If you have three boys, and you want a girl," says University of Texas reproctive-law professor John Robertson, "that's not gender bias at all."
練習題：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.The DNA in the sperm cells can be measured ______.
A.in the same way how the cattle are herded
B.when they pass through a tube one behind the other
C.after they pass through a laser tube
D.when they are scanned by a laser detector all at a time
2.The gender of the baby is decided by ______.
A.the father's DNA
B.the mother's DNA
C.the father's sperm
D.the mother's egg
3.According to this passage, the practice of "sex selection" ______.
A.can help to prevent all genetic problems
B.is totally unacceptable to ethics experts
C.was already realized five hundred years ago
D.will benefit families with certain inheritable diseases
4.Girl sperm was preferred to boy sperm in the research most probably because____
A.girl sperm contains more genetic material
B.more mother want to have girl babies
C.girl sperm is healthier and more active
D.girl sperm is more easily purified
5.It can be concluded from the passage that author』s toward」sex selection」is____
A.negative
B.positive
C.neutral
D.favorable
參考答案及解析
1.[B] 推理判斷題。解答本題的關鍵在於推斷single file的意思。該句把精子通過試管的情形與牛群被趕入牲口圈的情形作對比，結合single一詞本身的意思，可以推斷single file是「一個接一個」的意思，只有選項B能表達這個意思，由此也可否定選項D。選項A最具干擾性，原句是把精子通過試管的情形比作牛群被趕人牲口圈的情形，而選項A說的是測定精子內DNA的方法與放牧的方法相同，顯然選項A只是引用了原文的某些詞語，但表達的意思與原文卻截然不同。
2.[C] 事實細節題。第1段第3句which引導的非限制性定語從句修飾的是the father's sperm，而不是插入語the mother』s egg,因此選項C正確。
3.[D] 推理判斷題。第2段第1句中的genetic暗示有些疾病是遺傳的，即如選項D所述。第2段第1句同時表明選項A的說法是不全面的。選項B與第2段最後兩句正好相反。第1段前兩句說明選項C是錯誤的。
4.[A] 事實細節題。第1段倒數第2句中的由which引導的定語從句表明選項A的敘述正確。
5.[C] 觀點態度題。文章第2段中作者給出了一些反對者和贊成者的觀點，但是沒有加以評論，可以看出作者的態度是中立的，故選項C正確。
Ⅵ 大學四級考試閱讀訓練題及答案
英語閱讀是英語四級考試中的重要考察能力之一，只有做好閱讀部分的題目才能提高四級考試的成績。下面我為大家帶來大學四級考試閱讀訓練題，供考生備考練習。
大學四級考試閱讀訓練題***一***
According to the dictionary definition of 「create」, ordinary people are creative every day. To create means 「to bring into being, to cause to exist」—something each of us does daily.
We are creative whenever we look at or think about something in a new way. First this involves an awareness of our surroundings. It means using all of our sese to bee aware of our world. This may be as simple as being aware of color and texture, as well as taste, when we plan a meal. Above all, it is the ability to notice things that others might miss.
A second part of creativity is an ability to see relationships among things. I f we believe the expression, 「There is nothing new under the sun,」 the creativ ity is remaking or rebining the old in new ways. For example, we might do this by finding a more effective way to study or a better way to arrange our furniture, or we might make a new bination of camera lenses and filters to cr eate an unusual photograph.
A third part of creativity is the courage and drive to make use of our new ide as, to apply them to achieve some new results. To think up a new concept is one thing; to put the idea to work is another.
These three parts of creativity are involved in all the great works of genius, but they are also involved in many of our day to day activities.
26.Which of the following activities is NOT a creative one according to t he passage?
A.To prepare a meal.
B.To arrange the furniture in a peculiar way.
C.To buy some books from a bookstore.
D.To 「write」 a letter with the puter.
27.The author holds that ____.
A.creativity is of highly demand
B.creativity is connected with a deep insight to some extent
C.creativity is to create something new and concrete
D.to practise and practise is the only way to cultivate one』s creativity
28.「There is nothing new under the sun.」 ***Par.3*** really implies that ____.
A.we can seldom create new things B.a new thing is only a tale
C.a new thing can only be created at the basis of original things D.we can scarcely see really new things in the world
29.What does the author think about the relationship between a new though t and its being put into practice?
A.It』s more difficult to create a new thought than to apply it in practice.
B.To find a new thought will definitely lead to the proction of a new thing.
C.One may e up with a new thought, but can not put it into practice.
D.A man with an excellent ability of practice can easily bee an inventor.
30.The best title for this passage is ____.
A.How to Cultivate One』s Creativity B.What is Creativity
C.The Importance of Creativity D.Creativity—a Not Farway Thing
大學四級考試閱讀訓練題答案
26.答案C。本題可用排除法。根據第一段可知創造力的含 義是「使事物產生」，「致使事物存在」。而它三個方面的表現可參考「短文大意」，據此，C為正確答案。
27.答案B。此題的解答需要在理解文章大意及細節基礎上進行。選項B意為「創造力在一定程度上取決於非凡的洞察力。」根據最後一段，可知這是一種「天賦」，故正確。這樣就可確定B為正確答案。
28.答案C。此題可在正確理解句子含義的基礎上採取「排除法」來解答。根據上下文可以得知：此句的真正含義是「任何新事物的產生都是建立在原有事物基礎之上的」。據此，A項認為「我們很少能創造新事物」，顯然只是句子的字面意思，不正確。B項「創造新事物 是一個神話」，也為字面理解。再看C項「只有在原有事物基礎之上才能創造新事物」，這不正是我們分析得出的結論嗎?而D項「我們幾乎不可能看到新事物」，更是差之甚遠。這樣就 可確定C項為正確答案無疑。
29.答案C。先找有關細節。此問題涉及到對文章第三段最 後一句的理解。作者認為「獲得新思想並不意味著就能夠將其付諸實踐，暗含「知易行難」的意義。這樣，我們就可對 選項進行分析選棄了。這樣就可確定C 為正確答案無疑。
30.答案B。首先快速通讀全文***注意主題句***，可知文章主 要談論的是「創造力的含義及其三個方面的表現」，整篇文章都是圍繞創造力展開的。現在來分析選項。這樣就可確定，B項為正確答案。
大學四級考試閱讀訓練題***二***
When I was studying at Yale, some phenomena puzzled me greatly. I found that Chinese students or Asian students were very polite in class while American students often interrupted the professor, asking questions and dominating the discussion. The Chinese students were not as aggressive as American students.
I was impressed by the role of the professor in the seminar***討論會***. The professor didn』t act as an authority, giving final conclusions, but as a reseac her looking for answers to questions together with the students. One lingui stic***語言的*** feature of his interacting with his students was that he used many modal***情態的*** verbs—far more than I did in Beiwai. When answering questions, he usually said, 「This is my personal opinion and it could be wrong.」 or 「You could be right, but you might find this point of view also interesting.」
In China, authorities are always supposed to give wise decisions and correct di rections. Therefore, students always expect the professor to give an answer to th e question. I still remember how frustrated they were when foreign teachers did not provide such an answer. Their expectations from authorities are much higher than that of American students. Once the Chinese students got the answer, they w ere sure about it.
Ecation in China is valued for united thinking. I remember American teachers who taught in our university plaining about the fact that Chinese students u niformly expressed the same idea in their English position. The examinations in America usually do not test a student』s ability to memorize the material but his ability to *** yze and solve problems. Ecation in America is valued not on ly as a means to obtain employment but as a process of enhancing critical thinking.
31.In the USA, when the students are in class, ____.
A.a Chinese student tends to be very active B.an American student likes to make trouble
C.a Chinese student likes to puzzle the teacher D.an American student tends to be vigorous
32.A teacher in the USA prefers to ____ when he answers questions.
A.be very sincere B.be very direct
C.be very self confident D.be very indifferent
33.What is the opinion of the author concerning the difference of teachin g methods between China and the USA?
A.He thinks that Chinese teaching metods can make students learn more.
B.He holds that the major purpose of Chinese teaching methods is to impro ve students』 remembrance.
C.He thinks that American teaching is ability oriented.
D.He holds that American teachers hate to give a test.
34.The author thinks that the relationship between the student and the te acher is ____.
A.more intimate in China B.closer in China C.looser in USA D.more harmonious in USA
35.The ecation in USA may proce some ____ graates.
A.talkative B.conventional C.creative D.imaginative
大學四級考試閱讀訓練題答案
31.答案D。在文章中找到有關的細節為解此題的關鍵。從文章第一段的最後兩句可得知「中國留學生在課堂上表現很有禮貌和節制，而美國學生則非常主動和活躍。」據此看D項 「美國學生經 常表現得非常活躍」，正是我們與作者得出的結論，所以是選項無疑。解答此題也給了我們一個啟示：某些干擾項迷惑性很大，不能一眼識別，所以在選擇時可能需要進行反復比較思考 ，方能斷定其正確與否。
32.答案A。文章第二段是解答問題的關鍵。此段主要談論 「美國教授在上課時扮演的是與學生平等的角色」，並介紹了「這種情況的種種表現」。現在，我們來看選項。A項「 非常誠懇」，符合事實，先標出，看有沒有更合適的。B項「非常直接」，顯然不對，即使 美國老師語氣委婉，也只是「不直接」。C項意為「非常自信」，文章沒有提到這一點，也不能選。再看D項「非常冷淡」，更是荒謬。這樣也就只能選A。
33.答案C。解答此類題目，首先也必須象解答「有關文章主要內容題目」一樣，首先應掌握全文的主旨和大意，據此才能在理解作者觀點時，不致管中窺豹，以致偏頗。迅速通讀全文，可知作者意在抨擊中國教育方式的弊端。這樣，作者的觀點也就昭然若揭了。現在看選項。C項「美國教育重在培養學生能力」。 作者在對中國教育抨擊的同時，也對美國教育的某些做法表示贊成，而這一點正是作者對美國教育考查後得出的結論之一，所以正確。
34.答案D。推理***斷***題屬於要求較高的題型。它要求學生不僅能正確理解文章***或某些細節***，也要能據此進一步推測其中暗含的意思。D項說「美國師生之間關系和諧」，正合作者的看法，所以只能選D。
35.答案C。此題的問題太寬泛，只能根據選項，結合文章，進行取捨。C項是「具有創造力的」，美國平 等式的、自由、寬松的教育方式，鼓勵學生培養獨立分析、解決問題的能力，這樣培養出來的學生勢必多具有「創造力」，符合事實。所以選項為C。
Ⅶ 公共英語等級四級考試閱讀訓練題
I remember the way the light touched her hair. She turned her head, and our eyes met, a momentary awareness in that raucous fifth grade classroom. I felt as though I' d been struck a blow under the heart Thus began my first love affair.
Her name was Rachel, and I mooned my way through the grade and high school, stricken at the mere sight of her, tongue-tied in her presence. Does anyone, anymore, linger in the shadows of evening, drawn by the pale light of a window--her window--like some hapless summer insect?
That delirious swooning, asexual but urgent and obsessive, that made me awkward and my voice crack, is like some impossible dream now.
I would catch sight of her, walking down an aisle of trees to or from school, and I' d become paralyzed. She always seemed so poised, so self-possessed. At home, I' d relive each encounter,
writhing at the thought of my inadequacies. We eventually got acquainted and socialized as we entered our adolescence, she knew I had a case on her, and I sensed her affectionate tolerance for me. "Going sready" implied a maturity we still lacked. Her Orthodox Jewish upbringing and my
own Catholic scruples imposed an inhibited grace that made even kissing a distant prospect, however fervently desired. I managed to hold her once at a dance-chaperoned, of course. Our embrace made her giggle, a sound so trusting that I hated myself for what I' d been thinking. At any rate,my love for Rachel remained unrequited. We graated from high school, she went on to college,and I joined the Army.
When World War II engulfed us, I was sent overseas. For a time we corresponded, and her letters were the highlight of those grinding endless years. Once she sent me a snapshot of herself in a bathing suit, which drove me to the wildest of fantasies. I mentioned the possibility of marriage in my next letter, and almost immediately her replies became less frequent, less personal. Her Dear
John latter finally caught UD with me while I was awaiting discharge. She gently explained the impossibility of a marriage between us. Looking back on it, I must have recovered rather quickly, although for the first few months I believed I didn' t want to five. Like Rachel, I found someone else, whom I learned to love with a deep and permanent commitment that has lasted to this day.
46. According to the passage, how old was the author when his first love affair began?
A. Before he entered his teens.
B.In his early teens.
C. In his middle teens.
D. When he was just out of his teens.
47. How did the author behave as a boy in love?
A. His first love motivated him toward hard study.
B.His first love evoked sentimental memories.
C. He was overpowered by wild excitement and passion.
D.. He fulfilled his expectations and desires.
48. According to the passage, what held them back from a loving kiss?
A. Her Jewish origin did not allow it.
B.His Catholic adherence forbade it.
C. They were not sure whether it was proper or ethical to kiss in line with their religious
decorum.
D. Kissing was found to be inelegant or even distasteful.
49. According to the passage, what was Rachel' s response to the author' s tender affection be
fore the war?
A. She recognized and accepted his love affectionately.
B.She thwarted his affection by flatly turning him down.
C. She fondly permitted him to adore her without losing her own heart to' him.
參考譯文
我依然記得陽光灑在她頭發上的樣子。她轉過頭，我們四目相對，在五年級喧囂的教室里，一絲奇妙的情愫掠過我的心。一剎那，我的心好像中了一擊。就這樣，我的初戀開始了。
她叫Rachel。我渾渾噩噩地讀完了五年級和中學，在此期間，只要見到她我就會動心，只要有她在場，我就會說不出話來。除了我，還會有誰被她微亮的窗燈吸引，徘徊在夜幕中，像夏夜裡可憐的蟲子?那種如痴如狂的激情，雖非性愛，但卻是那樣急迫，那樣難以抗拒，使我局促不安，使我的聲音凝噎。如今，這一切就像那場難圓的夢。
一條通往家和學校的林間小道上，我常常與她邂逅，然而這卻讓我萬分沮喪，因為她總是一副若無其事，鎮定自如的樣子。回到家之後，我只能獨自重溫和她每次相遇時的情景，而一想到自己不善言談我就深深為之苦惱。即便這樣，在我們十幾歲的時候，我卻能感受到她對我的柔情。要做“男女朋友”我們還缺乏那份成熟。她的猶太正教的教養和我天主教的自責心，迫使我們表現出單身者的莊重，在我們之間連接吻也變得可望而不可及，雖然我們都非常渴望!一次舞會上我終於擁抱了她——當然，有父母在場。我的擁抱使她咯咯地笑起來，那充滿天真，信賴的少女的笑聲讓我痛恨自己當時莫名冒出來的想法。無論如何，我對Rachel的愛仍然只是單相思。後來，我們都高中畢業，她考上了大學，而我則參了軍。
二戰使我們天各一方，因為我被派往了海外。一段時間里我們只能寄鴻雁以訴衷腸。在那段艱難無望，漫漫無期的歲月里，她的書信是我最刻骨銘心的記憶。一次她寄給我一張她身著泳裝的.快照，這張照片使我對她的思念飆到了極點。在回復她的信中，我談到我們結婚有沒有可能，而就從那以後。她的信越來越少，越來越陌生了。回國後我迫不及待地就去她家找她。門，是她母親給開的。後來我才知道，Rachel已經不在那住了。她早結婚了，和一個在大學里認識的學醫的同學。她母親對我說：“我以為她已經寫信告訴你了。”她的絕情書終於被我收到了，那是在我等候復原的時候。她委婉地向我解釋，我，和她，結婚，是不可能的。現在回想起來，雖然在開始的幾個月里我想自己再也不願意活下去了，我當時還算很快就熬過了那段苦海無邊的日子。像Rachel一樣，後來，我也找到了屬於自己的她——一個我學會用永恆的更深沉的承諾去愛的人，直到今天，此情依舊!
答案及解析
46.A【解析】根據文章第一段第二句話，…a momentary awareness inthat raucous fifth grade Classroom..在五年級喧囂的教室里，一絲奇妙的情愫掠過我的心。所以根據常識，五年級應該是在他沒有到十歲的時候，所以選A。
47.C【解析】根據文章第二段最後一句話，That delirious swooning，asexual but urgent and obsessive，that made me awkward and myvoice crack…那種如痴如狂的激情，雖非性愛，但卻是那樣急迫，那樣難以抗拒，使我局促不安，使我的聲音凝噎。所以說作者作為戀愛中的男孩是異常興奮和充滿激情的。所以選c。
48.C【解析】根據文章第三段中的一句話Her Orthodox Jewish upbring—ing and my own Catholic scruples imposed all inhibited grace thatmade even kissing a distant prospect…，所以說阻止他們接吻的是她的猶太正教的教養和我天主教的自責心，只有C相符，排除A，B，D。、
49.C【解析】此題應用排除法。文章最後一段，I mentioned the possibil—ity of marriage in my next letter，and almost immediately her repliesbecame less frequent，less personal.在回復Rachel的信中，提到他們結婚有沒有可能，而就從那以後，她的信越來越少，越來越陌生了。所以排除A她辨認出並熱情接受了他的愛，8直截了當地拒絕他的愛。根據She gently explained the impossibility of a mar-riage between as.排除D，所以答案是c她欣然允許他去愛她，但是卻沒有使自己愛上他。
50.D【解析】通讀全文，本文從兩個人的相識，一直敘述到兩個人戀愛，分手，各自結婚，所以D是線性敘述正確。故選D。
D. She didn"t care for him at all and only took delight in playing with his feelings.
50. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?
A. Statement and example.
B.Cause and effect.
C. Order of importance..
D. Linear description.
Ⅷ 四級考試英語閱讀理解精選題附答案
閱讀題在英語四級考試中一直佔有相當大的比重，因而加強英語閱讀的訓練尤為重要。下面我為大家帶來四級考試英語閱讀理解精選題，供考生閱讀練習。
四級考試英語閱讀理解精選題***一***
munications technologies are far from equal when it es to conveying the truth. The first study to pare honesty across a range of munication media has fund that people are twice as likely to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in emails. The fact that emails are automatically recorded—and can e back to haunt ***困擾*** you—appears to be the key to the finding.
Jeff Hancock of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, asked 30 students to keep a munications diary for a week. In it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and confessed to how many lies they told. Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation for each medium. He found that lies made up 14 per cent of emails, 21 per cent of instant messages, 27 per cent of face-to-face interactions and an astonishing 37 per cent of phone calls.
His results to be presented at the conference on human-puter interaction in Vienna, Austria, in April, have surprised psychologists. Some expected emailers to be the biggest liars, reasoning that because deception makes people unfortable, the detachment ***非直接接觸*** of emailing would make it easier to lie. Others expected people to lie more in face-to-face exchanges because we are most practised at that form of munication.
But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and whether it occurs in real time. People appear to be afraid to lie when they know the munication could later be used to hold them to account, he says. This is why fewer lies appear in email than on the phone.
People are also more likely to lie in real time—in a instant message or phone call, say—than if they have time to think of a response, says Hancock. He found many lies are spontaneous ***脫口而出的*** responses to an unexpected demand, such as: 「Do you like my dress?」
Hancock hopes his research will help panies work our the best ways for their employees to municate. For instance, the phone might be the best medium foe sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth. But, given his result, work asses *** ent where honesty is a priority, might be best done using email.
57. Hancock』s study focuses on ________.
A*** the consequences of lying in various munications media
B*** the success of munications technologies in conveying ideas
C*** people are less likely to lie in instant messages
D*** people』s honesty levels across a range of munications media
58. Hancock』s research finding surprised those who believed that ________.
A*** people are less likely to lie in instant messages
B*** people are unlikely to lie in face-to-face interactions
C*** people are most likely to lie in email munication
D*** people are twice as likely to lie in phone conversations
59. According to the passage, why are people more likely to tell the truth through certain media of munication?
A*** They are afraid of leaving behind traces of their lies.
B*** They believe that honesty is the best policy.
C*** They tend to be relaxed when using those media.
D*** They are most practised at those forms of munication.
60. According to Hancock the telephone is a preferable medium for promoting sales because ________.
A*** sale *** en can talk directly to their customers
B*** sale *** en may feel less restrained to exaggerate
C*** sale *** en can impress customers as being trustworthy
D*** sale *** en may pass on instant messages effectively
61. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A*** honesty should be encouraged in interpersonal munications
B*** more employers will use emails to municate with their employees
C*** suitable media should be chosen for different munication purposes
D*** email is now the dominant medium of munication within a pany
四級考試英語閱讀理解精選題答案
57. D 58. A 59. A 60.B 61. C
四級考試英語閱讀理解精選題***二***
As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing disease—especially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors, such as poor eating habits, *** oking, and failure to exercise. The line of thought involved in this shift can be pursued further. Imagine a person who is about the right weight, but does not eat very nutritious ***有營養的*** foods, who feels OK but exercises only occasionally, who goes to work every day, but is not an outstanding worker, who drinks a few beers at home most nights but does not drive while drunk, and who has no chest pains or abnormal blood counts, but sleeps a lot and often feels tired. This person is not ill. He may not even be at risk for any particular disease. But we can imagine that this person could be a lot healthier.
The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is merely 「not ill」 and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the body』s special needs. Both types have simply been called 「well.」 In recent years, however, some health specialists have begun to apply the terms 「well」 and 「wellness」 only to those who are actively striving to maintain and improve their health. People who are well are concerned with nutrition and exercise, and they make a point of monitoring their body』s
condition. Most important, perhaps, people who are well take active responsibility for all matters related to their health. Even people who have a physical disease or handicap ***缺陷*** may be 「well,」 in this new sense, if they make an effort to maintain the best possible health they can in the face of their physical limitations. 「Wellness」 may perhaps best be viewed not as a state that people can achieve, but as an ideal that people can strive for. People who are well are likely to be better able to resist disease and to fight disease when it strikes. And by focusing attention on healthy ways of living, the concept of wellness can have a beneficial impact on the ways in which people face the challenges of daily life.
62. Today medical care is placing more stress on ________.
A*** keeping people in a healthy physical condition
B*** monitoring patients』 body functions
C*** removing people』s bad living habits
D*** ensuring people』s psychological well-being
63. In the first paragraph, people are reminded that ________.
A*** good health is more than not being ill
B*** drinking, even if not to excess, could be harmful
C*** regular health checks are essential to keeping fit
D*** prevention is more difficult than cure
64. Traditionally, a person is considered 「well」 if he ________.
A*** does not have any unhealthy living habits
B*** does not have any physical handicaps
C*** is able to handle his daily routines
D*** is free from any kind of disease
65. According to the author, the true meaning of 「wellness」 is for people ________.
A*** to best satisfy their body』s special needs
B*** to strive to maintain the best possible health
C*** to meet the strictest standards of bodily health
D*** to keep a proper balance between work and leisure
66. According to what the author advocates, which of the following groups of people would be considered healthy?
A*** People who have strong muscles as well as slim figures.
B*** People who are not presently experiencing any symptoms of disease.
C*** People who try to be as possible, regardless of their limitations.
D*** People who can recover from illness even without seeking medical care.
四級考試英語閱讀理解精選題答案
62. C 63. B 64. D 65.B 66. C
Ⅸ 英語四級閱讀技巧和方法
英語四級閱讀技巧和方法如下：
1四級閱讀題的閱讀方法與技巧
1. 做題步驟：50%—50%法
文章內容多，信息量大，題文不同序，對考生的短時記憶是一大考驗，考生可以採用此方法進行應對，具體為：
第一步先讀文章前1~4段，獲取文章大意，並提煉所讀段落的核心意思（英文關鍵詞）。
第二步瀏覽5個題干（不一定是前5題），畫出每個題干句子的核心詞（注意可能並非是定位詞），初步判斷與所讀段落是否匹配。
第三步畫出剩下未匹配題乾的核心詞，並與剩下的文章交替閱讀，直至做完。
四級真題中，至少3道題可在初步閱讀文章後得出答案。
2. 語句核心詞提煉的方法
語句核心詞提煉是英文閱讀的必備技能之一，是提高閱讀效率的必經途徑。
要想獲得該能力，需要考生在明白基本原理的基礎上，配以大量練習，但這一能力確實值得考生花大力氣訓練。
簡單說來，這一方法有些類似於縮句練習。
比如某年四級考試真題中的第47題，在做題時可以在句子上快速畫出其核心主幹：
Airbnb』s success clearly illustrates the emergence of a huge sharing economy.
因此可以簡化為Airbnb』s success…a huge sharing economy，方便在做題時查找和進行短時記憶。
3. 干擾段落排除的方法
有時會出現連續兩個或兩個以上段落講述同一問題的現象，這時就需要考生在提煉語句核心詞的時候，要准確和全面。
比如某年四級考試真題中的第52題：
Airbnb is a website that enables owners and renters to complete transactions online.
該句的核心詞除了Airbnb，website以外，還包括online，如果只畫出核心詞Airbnb和website，則會誤選［B］段，原文的［A］段和［B］段均提到了Airbnb的問題。
一般來說，這種題型的干擾段落多為臨近的上下段，因此考生可在這一范圍內進行區分。
4. 關鍵詞同義轉換的方法
同義轉換的方法包括：改變詞性、意思相同或相近的詞或片語、反義詞或片語、句式的變換、語態的轉換等。
例如某年四級考試真題中的第55題：
Sharing appeals to the sociable in that they can meet new people.
顯然，語句核心詞appeals to是［F］段中charm的同義轉述；meet new people與meeting new people相對應。
2英語四級題型與分值
1、寫作（考試時間：30分鍾）106.5分
測試內容：寫作；題型：短文寫作；題目數量：1；分值比例：15%。
2、聽力理解（考試時間：25分鍾）248.5分
測試內容：斷篇新聞；題型：選擇題（單選題）；題目數量：7；分值比例：7%；每小題7.1分。
測試內容：長對話；題型：選擇題（單選題）；題目數量：8；分值比例：8%； 每小題7.1分。
測試內容：聽力篇章；題型：選擇題（單選題）；題目數量：10；分值比例：20%。；每小題14.2分。
3、閱讀理解（考試時間：40分鍾）248.5分
測試內容：詞彙理解；題型：選詞填空；題目數量：10；分值比例：5%；每小題3.55分
測試內容：長篇閱讀；題型：匹配；題目數量：10；分值比例：10%；每小題7.1分。
測試內容：仔細閱讀；題型：選擇題（單選題）；題目數量：10；分值比例：20%；每小題14.2分。
4、翻譯（考試時間：30分鍾）106.5分
測試內容：漢譯英；題型：段落翻譯 ；題目數量：1；分值比例：15%。