英語四級閱讀婦女教育

A. 「精」「快」方法掌握，攻破英語四六級閱讀04

第一步：總結文章中的好的短句、長難句、考點句；總結文章中句子如何開頭，句子之間的關系、銜接，段落之間的銜接，並記憶和運用可以在作文中使用的句型。
例1：He is a big spender. 他花錢大手大腳。
運用：Many young alts are big spenders. 許多年輕人花錢大手大腳。

例2：1949 witnessed the liberation of China.
運用：The dawn of the new century witnessed the increasing popularity of the web.
中國人寫英文句子多喜歡用第一人稱開頭，寫作茄核螞文時候開頭也缺乏變化。所以平時在超精讀時仔細研究文章氏舉中的句子是如何開頭是很有必要的。

例3：He got off the plane. Reporters surrounded him. 這兩個句子沒有語法問題，但放在一起就顯得缺乏連貫性。如果改成He got off the plane and was surrounded by reporters 或者He got off the plane. And he was surrounded by reporters 就可以了。所以平時要多研究英文句子是如顫埋何銜接的。

例4：2002年6月六級閱讀第二篇
(29) Our obsession (迷戀) with thinness is also fueled by health concerns. ……
以上是某一段第一句話，請注意also銜接兩段的作用。
29. The author criticizes women's obsession with thinness __________.
[定位與替換] 本題詢問作者是如何批評婦女對瘦的著迷的。由關鍵詞obsession with thinness定位到第五段第一句。但該句只給出了部分答案。注意also這個詞，表明人們對瘦的迷戀還有原因，應該在上面一段。 第四段說瘦現在被認為是新的優點的標志。帶來的結果是肥胖被認為是不好的，因為肥胖意味著缺乏精神力量。整個社會以瘦為美，作者對人們迷戀瘦是因為社會風氣使然，這是從社會的角度。 第五段第一句的話說，我們對瘦的迷戀部分原因是我們對健康的關注另外，從文中可以看出作者是從醫學的觀點來說明疾病不一定是和體重有關，太迷戀瘦也有可能造成對健康的損害。所以本題應該選B) from sociological and medical points of view從社會學和醫學的角度。解答本題需要整合兩段內容，並具有概括能力。

例5：2001年6月四級第四篇
We can see how the proct life cycle works by looking at the introction of instant coffee. When it was introced, most people did not like it as well as 「regular」 coffee and it took several years to gain general acceptance (introction stage). At one point, though, Instant coffee grew rapidly in popularity and many brands were introced (stage of rapid growth). After a while people became attached to one brand and sales leveled off (stage of maturity). Sales went into a slight decline（衰退）when freeze-dried coffees were introced (stage of decline).

第一段中有三個句型可以在圖表作文中應用：
1. instant coffee grew rapidly in popularity.
我們可以這樣模仿：the mobile phone has grown rapidly in popularity.
2. sales leveled off.
或者也可以這樣說:sales remained constant / steady / stable / much the same
3. sales went into a slight decline.
或者也可以這樣說: sales declined slightly / 如果下降幅度大可以說sales declined dramatically / substantially / sharply / greatly / hugely.

第四步：總結文章主要討論對象、關鍵詞，作者、專家的觀點以及語篇及段落發展模式。對考試類文章而言，還要總結文章的考點、題目的定位、答案的替換、正確和干擾項的規律、特徵。
例1：請大家參考我對2005年1月六級閱讀第三篇的解析：
Passage Three
(31) Throughout the nation's more than 15,000 school districts, widely differing approaches to teaching science and math have emerged. Though there can be strength in diversity, a new international analysis suggests that this variability has instead contributed to lackluster (平淡的) achievement scores by U.S. children relative to their peers in other developed countries.（注意本段的differing / diversity / variability幾個同義替換，表明本段強調了美國各個地區的科學和數學教育差異很大〈多樣性，多元化〉的事實。文章第二句，作者話鋒一轉，盡管多元化有好處，但有分析表明這導致了美國的孩子與其它發達國家的同齡人相比，學習成績比較平淡。這一句提出了美國教育存在的問題，預測後文可能會作詳細闡述或提出解決問題的辦法，注意這都是可能的考點。平時復習時一定要培養自己歸納、預測原文的能力！）

31. According to the passage, the teaching of science and math in America is _______.
[定位與替換] 本題問美國的科學和數學教學的狀況。根據關鍵詞teaching of science and math定位到原文第一段。選B) characterized by its diversity以多樣性為特點。解題的重點在准確判斷第一段所強調的內容。
[干擾項分析] A) focused on tapping students' potential集中開發學生的潛力，文中無信息支持；C) losing its vitality graally逐步失去活力，D) going downhill in recent years最近幾年走下坡路，文章雖指出了美國的教育體系有缺陷，但並未說其失去活力或走下坡路，故不應選C、D。

Indeed, concludes William H. Schmidt of Michigan State University, who led the new analysis, "no single intellectually coherent vision dominates U.S. ecational practice in math or science.'' The reason, he said, "is because the system is deeply and fundamentally flawed." （Indeed, 在這里是加強語氣，「確實」的意思，經常在文章中引出作者或者專家的重要觀點。專家Schmidt的結論：美國數學和科學的教育實踐缺乏連貫一致的知識觀念，原因是這個體系有深刻和根本的缺陷。到底是什麼缺陷呢？這里專家只是作了抽象的概括，下文中可能會詳細闡述。注意coherent和第一段diversity是反義詞。）

The new analysis, released this week by the National Science Foundation in Arlington, Va., is based on data collected from about 50 nations as part of the Third International Mathematics and Science Study.（本段不是很重要，主要講這個分析是基於50個國家的數據。）

Not only do approaches to teaching science and math vary among indivial U.S. communities, the report finds (= the new analysis), but there appears to be little strategic focus within a school district』s curricula, its textbooks, or its teachers' activities.（Not only … , but …倒裝強調句，語意重心在but後面的內容：美國的各個學區在課程等方面缺乏戰略重點。the report finds是插入語）(32) This contrasts sharply with the coordinated national programs of most other countries.（這與大部分其它國家的協調的國家計劃形成鮮明對比，是作者的結論句。This指代上面一句的意思，也即美國人的做法。這里也是一個重要的對比考點。）

32. The fundamental flaw of American school ecation is that ________.
[定位與替換]本題是問美國學校教育的根本缺陷是什麼。根據關鍵詞fundamental flaw可定位到原文第二段，但答案並不在其中（而是在第四段）。根據對文章的分析，應該選A) it lacks a coordinated national program美國學校教育缺乏一個協調一致的全國性計劃。答案是從第四段This contrasts sharply with the coordinated national programs of most other countries. 推得的。本題解題的關鍵是跨段整合內容。
[干擾項分析] B) it sets a very low academic standard for students它對學生設定了非常低的學術標准，文中無內容支持（只是說美國學生學的多而不精）；C) it relies heavily on the initiative of indivial teachers它非常依賴各個教師的主動性，文中無信息支持；D) it attaches too much importance to intensive study of school subjects 它太重視學校課程的深入學習，與文章內容相反，如果選項是attach too much importance to extensive, but not intensive, study of school subjects 才符合原文。

(33) On average, U.S. students study more topics within science and math than their international counterparts do. This creates an ecational environment that "is a mile wide and an inch deep," Schmidt notes. （出現比較級時應高度關注。第二句This指代第一句陳述的事實：平均說來，與國際同齡人相比，美國學生在科學與數學方面要學習更多的科目。A mile wide and an inch deep屬於形象用法、比喻考點。）

For instance, eighth graders in the United States cover about 33 topics in math versus just 19 in Japan. Among science courses, the international gap is even wider.（作者接著舉例說明美國的教育環境是a mile wide and an inch deep。）U.S. curricula for this age level resemble those of a small group of countries including Australia, Thailand, Iceland, and Bulgaria. Schmidt asks whether the United States wants to be classed with these nations, whose ecational systems "share our pattern of splintered (支離破碎的) visions" but which are not economic leaders.

33. By saying that the U.S. ecational environment is "a mile wide and an inch deep" (Line 2, Para. 5), the author means U.S. ecational practice ________.
[定位與替換] 本題問作者對美國教育實踐的看法。根據上面兩段This指代的事實以及For instance後對a mile wide and an inch deep的進一步解釋可以看出，美國教育注重所開科目的廣度而不重視深度，所以選D) scratches the surface of a wide range of topics只觸及了許多科目的表面。另外，ecation environment = ecational practice。解題的關鍵是要跨段整合內容，並准確地識別指代和例證的含義。
[干擾項分析] A) lays stress on quality at the expense of quantity犧牲數量來強調質量，和文中內容相反；B) offers an environment for comprehensive ecation為全面綜合教育提供了環境，文中只提到科學和數學教育，並未出現全面綜合教育的概念；C) encourages learning both in depth and in scope鼓勵既深入又廣泛地學習，這只是美國教育改革的方向，與原文內容不一致。

The new report "couldn't come at a better time," says Gerald Wheeler, executive director of the National Science Teachers Association in Arlington.（本句是某個專家對the new report所作的評價。文章中出現概括性評價之後一般都會作進一步的解釋說明、原因分析等，這是命題者較喜歡的考點。）（34）"The new National Science Ecation Standards provide that focused vision," including the call "to do less, but in greater depth." （The new National Ecation Standards和The new report屬於同義概念。）

34. The new National Science Ecation Standards are good news in that they will ________.
[定位與替換]本題問新的全國科學教育標準是個好消息的原因。根據關鍵詞The new National Ecation Standards和good news, 定位到第七段，本題所問的原因在第二句，注意but引起的強調，故選A) provide depth to school science ecation使學校的科學教育具有深度。解題的關鍵在於識別句子之間的關系。
[干擾項分析] B) solve most of the problems in school teaching解決學校教學的大部分問題，歪曲並誇張了文章原意；C) be able to meet the demands of the community能夠滿足社區需求，文中未提及，因為新的全國科學標準是為了彌補教育體制的缺陷而制定的；D) quickly dominate U.S. ecational practice迅速在美國的教育實踐中處於支配地位，文中也未提及，而是指出了實現這個新標准將面臨挑戰。

B. 2019年大學英語四級考試閱讀模擬試題及答案解析

考友們都准備好考試了嗎?本文「2019年大學塵李畢英語四派芹級考試閱讀模擬試題及答案解析」，跟著我一起來了解一下吧。要相信只要自己有足夠的實力，無論考什麼都不會害怕!

2019年大學英語四級考試閱讀模擬試題：女人的地位

It is not often realized that women held a high place in southern European societies in the 10th and 11th centuries. As a wife, the woman was protected by the setting up of a dowry (彩禮). Admittedly, the purposeof this was to protect her against the risk of desertion, but in reality its function in the social and family life of the time was much more important. The dowry was the wife』s right to receive a tenth of all her husband』擾卜s property. The wife had the right to with hold consent, in all transactions the husband wouldmake, and more than just a right; the documents show that she enjoyed a real power of decision, equal to that of her husband. In no case do the documents indicate any degree of difference in the legal status of husband and wife.

The wife shared in the management of her husband』s personal property, but the opposite was not always true. Women seemed perfectly prepared to defend their own inheritance against husbands who tried to exceed their rights, and on occasion they showed a fine fighting spirit. A case in point is that of Maria Vivas. Having agreed with her husband Miro to sell a field she had inherited, for the needs of the household, she insisted on compensation. None being offered, she succeeded in dragging her husband to the scribe(法學家) to have a contract ly drawn up assigning her a piece of land from Miro』s personal inheritance. The unfortunate husband was obliged to agree, as the contract says, 「for the sake of peace.」 Either through the dowry or through being hot-tempered, the wife knew how to win herself, with the context of the family, a powerful economic position.ric illnesses including depression often do not manifest themselves until the late teens or early 20s.

練習題：

Choose correct answers to the question:

1. A decimum was ________.

A. the wife's inheritance from her father

B. a gift of money to the new husband

C.a protection of the wife』s right

D. a written contract

2. In the 10th and11th centuries in southern European, women』s social position was ______.

A. higher than men』s

B. as high as men』s

C. lower than men』s

D.never recognized

3.The purpose of mentioning the case of Maria Vivas_____

A.to show women had the same rights as,if not more than,their husband

B.to prove hot-tempered woman held a powerful economic position

C.to tell the readers the real situations in some countries

D.to show the fight spirits of woman

4.Could a husband sell his wife's inheritance?

A. Yes, if she agreed.

B. No, under no circumstances.

C. Yes, whenever he wished to.

D, Yes, if his father-in-law agreed.

5. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an effect of the dowry system?

A. The husband had to share the power of decision in marriage.

B. The wife could manage her husband』s personal property.

C. The wife gained a powerful economic position.

D. The wife would not be deserted by her husband.

參考答案及解析

1.[C] 詞義推斷題。第1段第2句指出了 decimum的作用，即與「彩禮」相當，作為保護婦女的工具。第4句以 「The decimum was...」的句式指出其定義，綜合這兩句，可斷定選項C正確。

2.[B] 推理判斷題。文章第1句就表明婦女當時的地位很高，第1段最後兩句表明婦女與其丈夫的地位並無不同，是平等的，因此可以推斷本題答案應為B。

3.[A] 推理判斷題。本題考查例子與觀點的關系。該例子是為了證明其前面，即第2段開頭兩句的觀點,選項A是對這兩句話的總結。

4.[A]推理判斷題。本題考査從例子的推斷。根據Maria Vivas的例子可確定答案，而且從第2段第4句中的Having agreed with her husband可推斷售賣妻子繼承的財產必須先徵得妻子的同意，因此選項A正確。

5.[D] 事實細節題。可用排除法找出答案。第1段倒數第2句可證明選項A正確，第2段首句可證明選項B正確，第2段末句可表明選項C正確，只有選項D太絕對。

2019年大學英語四級考試閱讀模擬試題：單詞拼寫

There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling .No school I have taught in has ever _____ spelling or considered it unimportant as a basic skill. There are, however , vastly different ideas about how to teach it , or how much _____ it must be given over general language development and writing ability. The problem is , how to encourage a child to express himself freely and _____ in writing with out holding him back with the complexities of spelling? If spelling become the only focal point of his teacher』s interest, clearly a __4__ child will be likely to 「play safe」. He will tend to write only words within his spelling range, choosing to avoid __5__ language. That』s why teachers often __6__ the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability. I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing about a personal experience ：「 This work is __7__ !There are far too many spelling errors and your writing is illegible( 難以辨認的 ).」 It may have been a sharp __8__ of the pupil』s technical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay, which __9__ some beautiful expressions of the child』s deep feelings.

The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors, but if his priorities had centred on the child』s ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more __10__ to seek improvement.

A)priority B)criticism C)contained D)clearly

E)adventurous F ) discourage G)motivation H)terrible

I)ignored J)difficult K)encourage L)expressed

M)confidently N)bright O)motive L)expressed

答案及解析:

1. 選 I )。 由該句中的 has 可知，此處應填動詞過去式，且表達的含義應和後面的 consider…unimportant 相近，故應排除 contained 和 expressed

而選擇 ignored 。

2. 選 A )。 此處應填名詞，但能與後面 over 構成固定搭配的名詞只有 priority ，故排除 了 criticism 和 motivation 。

3. 選 M). 由空格前面的 and 可知，此處應填副詞和 freely 並列。從句意來理解，在沒有拼寫困難的情況下，怎樣鼓勵學生自由且 …… 地表達自己，選項中只有 confidently 「自信地「符合題意。

4. 選 N )。 很明顯這里應填形容詞，選項中 terrible ， difficult 後接事物名詞 something ，只有 adventurous 和 bright 可用來形容 somebody ( child )，再由後面的play safe「不冒險」，可排除adventurous而選擇bright。

5. 選 E )。 由前一句中的 be likely to 「 play safe 」和空格前的 avoid 可以推知，此處所填詞的意思應與play safe表達的意思相反，故選項中只有adventurous符合題意。

6. 選 K )。 很明顯此處應填動詞的一般現在時，可選項有 encourage 和 persuade 。由 That』s why 知本句與前一句構成因果關系，而前一句說的是學生往往會用他們拼寫范圍內的詞寫文章，從而選擇避免用那些不會的詞，故由此可推知此句應理解為老師鼓勵學生用字典，因此排除 persuade 而選 encourage。

7. 選 H )。 此處應填形容詞。由空格後面的 too many spelling errors 和illegible可知，這篇文章是寫的很糟，而不是很難理解。故排除difficult而選terrible。

8. 選 B )。 此處應填名詞。由後半句中 a sad reflection on the teacher 可知，前半句是在指責學生，故選項中只有criticism符合題意。

9. 選 C )。 此處填動詞過去式，本句中由 which 引導的從句是對 essay 的解釋，剩餘選項中 contained 和 expressed ，根據句意，文章 …… 兒童內心感受的一些好的表達，故只有contained 符合題意。

10. 選 G )。 此處應填名詞。根據句意，如果老師更注重學生思想的表達的話，會給學生更大的動力去尋求提高;故排除 motive 「動機，原因」而選 motivation 。

全文翻譯：

家長們普遍認為中學現在已不再關注單詞的正確拼寫了。但我所教過的學校從來沒有忽視過拼寫，或就一種基本技能來說從沒有認為它不重要。然而對於怎麼來教拼寫或者是從提高整個語言的發展和寫作能力方面來說，把拼寫放在什麼樣優先的地位存在著許多不同的看法。所存在的問題是，在寫作當中怎樣鼓勵孩子不要讓復雜的拼寫來影響他流暢地，自信地表達自己的思想。

如果字的拼寫成為老師關心的惟一焦點，很明顯，聰明的孩子很可能就會為「保險起見」，只寫一些他會寫的字，避免因冒險而出錯的語言。那就是為什麼老師常常鼓勵學生很早就要使用字典，而且寫作時重視內容而非拼寫技能。

有一次我非常震驚，在一篇描寫個人經歷的感情細膩的文章後面讀到了這些話：「這篇糟透了!單詞拼寫錯誤太多。自己很難辨認!」這對於一個學生的寫作技能也許是一次尖銳的批評，但它同時也悲哀地反映出那位老師忽視了去閱讀一篇包含了表達孩子內心感情的文章。老師注意到了這些問題並沒有錯，但是如果他把重點放在關注孩子的思想上，只表示出他對孩子的拼寫錯誤有點失望，就會給學生更大的動力去進一步提高。

C. 大學英語四級閱讀理解是什麼類型的文章

科普類 如昆蟲思維（1994）TOYOTA SUPRA（1995）
人文類 如馬拉松（1995）繪畫發專展（1998）迷信（2003）
人物類 如柏拉圖（1994）迪斯屬尼（2005）
社會類 如移民原因（1999）體育商業化（2002）
醫學類 如飲酒與心臟病（1995）睡眠時間（1999）
經濟類 如法國銀行（1995）瑞士銀行（2000）
自然類 如雪崩（1996）海嘯（1997）
婦女類 如夫妻關系（2001）婦女與電器（2002）
教育類 如教學方法（1997）大學教育（1999）
國家類 如夏威夷自主權（1998）英國社會改變（2006）

說明文(描述文)

說明文的一般結構模式和敘述文的結構模式有相通之處，即：提出問題(或以一個事例引出問題)—— (專家)發現直接原因—— 分析深層原因——得出結論或找到出路。

知道了類似的文章結構特點，就可以據此來進行考題預測。比如，我們看出了該篇文章屬於這種結構類型，就能判斷出幾個問題中肯定有一個要問原因，還有可能要出現推斷題。

D. 英語四級閱讀理解匹配題技巧介紹

英語四級閱讀理解匹配題技巧介紹

轉折對比處

轉折句或轉折關系常常是文章內容的強調之處，是作者表達觀點或陳述事物的關鍵地方。一般而言，轉折後的內容是語義的重點，它往往是作者的真實意圖所在，所以命題者常對轉折處的內容進行提問。考生應特別注意此處內容。轉折一般通過however, but, yet, in fact等詞或短語來引出。

強對比也是作者用來強調論證自己觀點的一種方法，常由unlike, until, not so much…as等詞或短語引出。命題者常就被對比者的屬性設題。

例(四級真題)

…likewise, a married man who smokes more than a pack a day is likely to live as long as a divorced man who doesn』t smoke. There』s a flip side, however, as partners are more likely to become ill or die in the couple of years following their spouse』s death, and caring for a spouse with mental disorder can leave you with some of the same severe problems.

Q: It can be inferred from the context that the 「flip side」 refers to ______.

A) the consequence of a broken marriage

B) the emotional problems arising from marriage

C) the responsibility of taking care of one』s family

D) the disadvantages of being married

文章第二段首先介紹了婚姻的好處，可以幫助彌補身體不健康所產生的不利影響。第四句中使用了表示轉折意義的連詞however，因此推斷下文將會談論婚姻產生的不利影響。所以此處的flip side是指「婚姻導致的弊端」，故答案為D)。

舉例處

作者在文章中經常引用具體的例子來使文章更有說服力，而這些例子很可能會成為考點，需加以注意。文章中常用as, such as, for example, for instance, take…as an example等引出的短語或句子作為例證。

例 (四級真題)

But privacy does matter—at least sometimes. It』s like health; when you have it, you don』t notice it. Only when it』s gone do you wish you』d done more to protect it.

Q: According to the passage, privacy is like health in that ______.

A) people will make every effort to keep it

B) its importance is rarely understood

C) it is something that can easily be lost

D) people don』t cherish it until they lose it

作者把隱私同健康進行比較，當人們擁有健康時，不曾注意到它，一旦失去才知其珍貴。D)中的cherish it與原文中的wish you』d done more to protect it意思一致。

數字年代處

數字年代在文章中常常會傳達重要的信息，因此也經常成為考查的重點，需要說明的是四級考試與其他考試不同，一般很少就數字本身的運算、辨認或推理設題，而往往就數字引出的信息命題。因此，考生在看到數字時還要注意其前後所印證或引出的具體信息。

例(四級真題)

We need economic growth unless we condemn the world』s poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone else』s living standards. With modest growth, energy use and greenhouse emissions more than double by 2050.

Q: Greenhouse emissions will more than double by 2050 because of ______.

A) economic growth

B) wasteful use of energy

C) the widening gap between the rich and poor

D) the rapid advances of science and technology

文中提到截至2050年，隨著經濟增長，能源利用及溫室氣體排放會加倍增長，A)中的「經濟增長」與原文中的modest growth所指一致，符合題意。

因果關系處

兩個事件內在的因果關系常常成為出題人的命題點，一般來講，這種選擇題有兩種形式,給出原因推斷結果，或給出結果推斷原因。

例(四級真題)

In the past few years, prominent schools around the world have joined the trend. In 2003, when Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard, another former Yale provost, as its vice-chancellor, the university publicly stressed that in her previous job she had overseen 「a major strengthening of Yale』s financial position.」

Q: Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard as its vice-chancellor chiefly because ______.

A) she was known to be good at raising money

B) she could help strengthen its ties with Yale

C) she knew how to attract students overseas

D) she had boosted Yale』s academic status

劍橋大學公開強調Alison Richard在以前的工作中負責監督財務，「是耶魯大學財政狀況提升的主要力量」，基於這個才能，劍橋大學聘請她擔任常務副校長一職。A)she was known to be good at raising money表達的與此句相同，故為答案。

主題句處

文章第一段的段首、段尾或最後一段的段尾處往往是整篇文章的主題所在;每一段的段首或段尾句通常是該段的主題句，因此命題者常常圍繞此處出題。

在四級考試中，文章或段落的主旨常以主題句的形式出現。主題句的特點是：語義完整、形式簡潔、觀點明確。在演繹類的文章中，語篇主題句一般位於篇章的開頭部分;在歸納類文章中，主題句多出現在段末或篇末;不過主題句有時也出現在文章中間部分。找到了主題句，就等於找到了此類題的答案。

例 (四級真題)

「The biggest problem is that couples assume each other knows what』s going on with their finances, but they don』t. There seems to be more of a taboo (禁忌) about talking about money than talking about death. But you both need to know what you』re doing, who』s paying what into the joint account and how much you keep separately. In a healthy relationship, you don』t have to agree about money, but you have to talk about it.」

Q: The author suggests at the end of the passage that couples should ______.

A) discuss money matters to maintain a healthy relationship

B) put their money together instead of keeping it separately

C) make efforts to reach agreement on their family budgets

D) avoid arguing about money matters to remain romantic

文章最後一句提到，要想維持一段健康的婚姻關系，雙方的金錢觀不一定要一致，但一定要彼此溝通。A) 「夫妻雙方應該討論錢的問題以維持健康的婚姻關系」是對原文的同義轉述，故為答案。

定義結論處

很多文章中會出現考生不熟悉的概念，作者往往會對這些概念給出相應的.定義，這些定義很容易成為考查的內容。很多文章都涉及一些調查或實驗，而這些調查、實驗的結果、結論又常常成為考點，因此考生一定要注意find, show, reveal, conclude等動詞引出的賓語從句以及thus等表示結論的詞語。

例(四級真題)

Most hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water are stable, but traces of both elements are also present as heavier isotopes. The heaviest rain falls first. As a result, storms that form over the Pacific deliver heavier water to California than to Utah.

Q: What is said about the rainfall in America』s West?

A) There is much more rainfall in California than in Utah.

B) The water it delivers becomes lighter when it moves inland.

C) Its chemical composition is less stable than in other areas.

D) It gathers more light isotopes as it moves eastward.

在太平洋上形成的風暴給加利福尼亞州帶來的雨水要比帶給猶他州的更多。 B) The water it delivers becomes lighter when it moves inland (雨水由沿海進入內陸地區時會變小)，加州屬沿海地區，猶他是內陸地區，因此，該選項是對原文的概括，故為答案。

列舉並列處

列舉並列處是指用First(ly)… Second(ly)… Third(ly)… Finally…; Not only…but also…; In addition; Furthermore; Moreover; Above all; On the one hand…, on the other hand…等表示順承關系或遞進關系的詞語列舉出的事實。列舉並列處是設置事實細節題的主要出處，若為正面出題，則與原文內容相同的選項為正確答案;若題干為反面設題，則與原文意思相反的選項為此題的正確答案。

例(四級真題)

Being sociable looks like a good way to add years to your life. Relationships with family, friends, neighbours, even pets, will all do the trick, but the biggest longevity (長壽) boost seems to come from marriage or an equivalent relationship. The effect was first noted in 1858 by William Farr, who wrote that widows and widowers (鰥夫) were at a much higher risk of dying than their married peers. Studies since then suggest that marriage could add as much as seven years to a man』s life and two to a woman』s. The effect holds for all causes of death, whether illness, accident or self-harm.

Q: William Farr』s study and other studies show that ______.

A) social life provides an effective cure for illness

B) marriage contributes a great deal to longevity

C) women benefit more than men from marriage

D) being sociable helps improve one』s quality of life

本文論述社交生活對人壽命的影響，開頭列舉了可能導致長壽的因素：善於與他人交際以及與家人、朋友、鄰居甚至寵物保持良好關系。但馬上轉折後提到能夠導致長壽的最主要的因素似乎在於婚姻或者是類似的關系。然後，提到這一結果最早由威廉·法爾於1858年記錄。B) 中的contributes…to是對第二句中的boost的同義轉述，故為答案。

比較級/最高級處

在文章中經常會對不同的對象進行某方面的比較，而這些比較經常成為考查的目標，尤其是在文章中的最高級出現之處。

例(四級真題)

「Retailers who』re responsive and friendly are more likely to smooth over issues than those who aren』t so friendly,」 said Professor Stephen Hoch. 「Maybe something as simple as a greet at the store entrance would help.」

Q: What contributes most to smoothing over issues with customers?

A) Manners of the salespeople.

B) Hiring of efficient employees.

C) Huge supply of goods for sale.

D) Design of the store layout.

對顧客態度友善、反應迅速的商家更容易解決好問題，從這里可以看出態度友善和反應迅速都屬於銷售人員的舉止問題。A) 「銷售人員的舉止」最符合題意，故為答案。

指代處

寫作、講話時為了簡潔、明晰地表達事物及其邏輯關系，常用各種代詞通過指代進行信息傳遞，當同時出現好幾個事物時，這種指代關系往往不容易區分，故常成為命題點。

例(四級真題)

At Penn, students are not asked to indicate race when applying for housing. 「One of the great things about freshman housing is that, with some exceptions, the process throws you together randomly,」 said Undergraate Assembly chairman Alec Webley. 「This is the definition of integration.」

Q: What does Alec Webley consider to be the 「definition of integration」?

A) Students of different races are required to share a room.

B) Interracial lodging is arranged by the school for freshmen.

C) Lodging is assigned to students of different races without exception.

D) The school randomly assigns roommates without regard to race.

原文倒數第四段最後一句提到，「This is the definition of integration.」而This指代的具體內容出現在前一句中，即with some exceptions, the process throws you together randomly(除特殊情況外，宿舍的安排一般是隨機的)。因此，所謂「融合的定義」實際上是指「隨機安排學生住宿」，故答案為D)。

特殊標點處

特殊標點符號處，尤其是段首的特殊符號所引出的內容往往表達了作者的觀點，闡述了全文的主題，因此也成為主旨大意題的高發命題點。

此處所說的特殊標點符號包括：

(1) 破折號(表解釋);

(2) 括弧 (表解釋);

(3) 冒號 (表解釋);

(4) 引號 (表引用或有其他特殊含義);

(5) 分號 (表進一步的解釋說明) 等。

在主題段落或主題句中，特殊標點符號所引出的內容往往是出題點，因此在解答這類題時，一定要特別注意對特殊標點所引出內容的把握。

例(四級真題)

Many African-American blogs have written about what they』d like to see Michelle bring to the White House—mainly showing the world that a black woman can support her man and raise a strong black family.

Q: What do many African-Americans write about in their blogs?

A) Whether Michelle can live up to the high expectations of her fans.

B) How Michelle should behave as a public figure.

C) How proud they are to have a black woman in the White House.

D) What Michelle should do as wife and mother in the White House.

第五段第二句使用了破折號，表達了美國黑人希望看到米歇爾可以向這個世界展示一個黑人婦女既可以支持她的丈夫，也可以支撐起一個強大的家庭的形象。D) 「作為妻子和母親，米歇爾在白宮應該做什麼」與原文意思相符，故D) 正確。

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E. 英語四級考試的內容有哪些

2016年英語四級考復試題型制包括四大部分：作文、聽力、閱讀理解、翻譯。

大學英語四級的試卷結構、測試內容、測試題型、分值比例和考試時長如下表所示：

大學英語四級考試，即CET-4，College English Test Band 4的縮寫，是由國家教育部高等教育司主持的全國性教學考試。考試的主要對象是根據教育大綱修完大學英語四級的在校大學本科生或研究生。大學英語四、六級標准化考試自1986年末開始籌備，1987年正式實施。

英語四級考試目的是推動大學英語教學大綱的貫徹執行，對大學生的英語能力進行客觀、准確的測量，為提高我國大學英語課程的教學質量服務。國家教育部委託「全國大學英語四、六級考試委員會」（1993年前名為「大學英語四、六級標准化考試設計組」）負責設計、組織、管理與實施大學英語四、六級考試。