四級現代藝術英語閱讀理解
四級英語閱讀理解的技巧和方法為：先讀選項，理解句子意思，然後一段一段去讀，邊讀邊理解；讀完之後，去選項中找答案，注意段落與選項中譽好行同時出現的單詞或相似的句子，相似度越高，越有可能是答案；依次選擇答案之後，對不確定的選項再進行互換搭配，看哪個更適合，最後選出最佳答案。
略讀全文，對文章首段、末段和首句、末句進行閱讀，理解文章中心思想。
細讀文章，逐詞逐句理解。對重點詞彙，重點句子要多思考，多琢磨，爭慶嘩取把每句話都理解透徹。
讀題乾和選項，把選項中的每句話搞懂弄明白，然後可以把襪滑每個選項帶進去讀一遍，根據題干要求選出最准確的答案。
『貳』 英語四級閱讀理解技巧 答題方法是什麼
四級英語閱讀理解的技巧和方法為：先讀選項，理解句子意思，然後一段一段去讀，邊讀邊理解；讀完之後，去選項中找答案，注意段落與選項中同時出現的單詞或相似的句子，相似度越高，越有可能是答案。
英語四級閱讀理解技巧
選詞填空
首先，預覽選項，了解詞義並把選項分為四大類詞性—名詞n，動詞v，形容詞a，副詞ad。在每個選項後作詞性的簡要標記;
其次，精讀全文開頭，把握文章主題，並以三個空或一個段落為一個單位，利用前後文判斷每空的詞性;最後，把對應詞性的選項逐一帶回原文，含義通順，時態、主謂搭配一致的為正確選項。
快速閱讀
讀題干並確定關鍵詞(中心詞)--去原文中定位關鍵詞--分析定位句--分析題干--確定答案。 首先用「打包」方法對付亂序，把整組題全部一次性吃透，然後去原文從頭到尾定位。否則，考生如果按順序逐題解答，時間會嚴重不足，最好是文章一遍看下來，能找到所有的信息。
此外，考生應該注意定位原文的過程中，一定要腦、眼和手並用:眼是肯定要用的，不用腦會導致忽視同義轉換，不用手(筆)會使我們處於走馬觀花的狀態，然後會懷疑自己是不是漏掉了信息而不停地。
「吃透」題干
准確判斷關鍵詞(中心詞)至關重要。如果沒吃透題干，就無法准確判斷關鍵詞或中心詞，就可能對原文中的重要信息沒感覺。一般來說，題干關鍵詞或中心詞為實詞以及一些數字、專有名詞等。
英語閱讀理解怎麼答題
1、注意問題的主語是誰，它和原文題眼的主語原則上是一致的。主語不一致，一般來說，都是錯的。
2、即第6條，某某人說的話，尤其特別長的句子，或者是帶引號的。60%以上會出題。題眼就在這兒。這里又提了一遍，就是要引起你的重視。
3、錯誤的選項，往往是就文章某一方面而說的，其特點是：所涉及的，僅僅是某一個小問題，或者很具體，非常具體的一件實事。200%錯誤選項。這是考研英語最經常遇到的干擾項。一定要會識別。
4、中國人出的題。多是總-分結構，或者總-分-總。所以每段開頭結尾，都要注意。(這里指的是中間沒有出現轉折的段落)，整篇文章的開頭結尾，也要重視。
5、文章的結構，要麼總-分或總-分-總，要麼轉折、對比，要麼舉例說明。就這么幾個套路。
6、對選項中的「重點詞」(即主語、賓語、修飾語)都要看清楚。有的時候，選項中，會對原文中本來正確的事做錯誤的修改，來作為干擾項。你要注意的是，選項句子的主語(與原文)是否一致、賓語是否符合原文意思，或者用一些牽強的修飾詞，來做一些特殊的限定。要看清楚。這是干擾項的特點之一。
『叄』 2021年12月英語四級閱讀理解真題解析(卷三)
大學英語四級考試滿分：710。聽力（35%）249分、閱讀（35%）249分、綜合（10%）70分、寫作和翻譯（20%）142分。
12月英語四級閱讀理解真題解析
仔細閱讀：
Have you ever wondered how acceptable it is to hug or touchsomeone ?
46.C)Its absence might suggest a lack of warmth in interpersonal relationships .
47.D)How close the communicator『s relationships are .
48.B) They take touching as a cultural norm in social interactions.
49.A)Men can show friendship in public through physical affection.
50.D)Take other people's preference into consideration .
From climate change to the ongoing pandemic (大流行病) and beyond ，the issues facing today's world are increasingly complex and dynamic .
51.A)It faces problems that are getting more varied and compli-cated.
52.C) People are divided about the nature of interest .
53.D)How a growth mindset of interest can contribute to crossdisciplinarythinking.
54.C) Making innovative procts needs multidisciplinary procts.
55.B) Broadening their interests .
提高四級閱讀理解成績的方法
1、了解文章main idea(主要意思)
做英語閱讀理解就好像做語文閱讀理解時一樣，要知道這篇文章的主旨或者說是中心思想，對文章所講的主旨內容和它的中心思想做到心裡有數。達到一種高度——只要一做英語閱讀理解題，腦子里就要條件反射的蹦出main idea，然後再去閱讀問題和文章。
2、先看問題，再粗讀文章
帶著尋找main idea的思想，先去看一遍問題，把問題中的關鍵詞圈出來，然後再去粗略的讀一遍文章。在讀的時候，不用做到每個單詞都看懂，每句話都能翻譯出來。只要對文章大致上有一個了解就夠了，這樣文章的main idea也就出來了。
要注意的是，在讀到覺得跟所問問題有關聯的句子的時候，可以先用筆把句子勾出來，在上邊標記上有關聯的問題的題號，然後接著往下讀。
3、精讀問題和所標記的句子
讀完通篇的同時，也把跟問題有關的的句子畫出來了，這個時候再去精讀標記的句子，仔細研究問題和跟問題有關的句子，琢磨其意思，盡量做到胸有成竹，然後再回答每一個問題。
『肆』 2019年6月大學英語四級閱讀理解訓練三篇
2019年6月大學英語四級閱配殲讀理解培猛沖訓練：夢
Of all the components of a good night's sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by thelate 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just "mental noise"-the random byprocts of the neural repair work that goes on ring sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is "off line." And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better. "It's your dream," says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychologyat Chicago's Medical Center, "if you don't like it, change it."
he link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright's clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated ring the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don't always think about the emotional significance of the day's events-until, it appears, we begin to dream.
知脊And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualizehow you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.
At the end of the day, there's probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or "we wake up in panic," Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people's anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings.Sleep-or rather dream-on it and you'll feel better in the morning.
練習題：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.By saying that 「dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat," (Lines 4-5, Para. 1) the researchers mean that _______.
A.we can think logically in the dreams too
B.dreams can be brought under conscious control
C.dreams represent our unconscious desires and fears
D.dreams can help us keep our mood comparatively stable
2.What did Cartwright find in her clinic?
A.Most bad dreams were followed by happier ones.
B.Divorced couples usually have more bad dreams.
C.One』s dreaming process is related to his emotion.
D.People having negative feelings dream more often.
3.Cartwright believed with much practice，we can learn to _____.
A.control what dreams to dream
B.sleep well without any dreams
C.wake up in time to stop the bad dreams
D.identify what is upsetting about the dreams
4.The author points out that a person who has constant bad dreams should ______
A.learn to control his dreams
B.consult a doctor
C.sleep and dream on it
D.get rid of anxiety first
5.The author most probably thinks that controlling dreams is ______.
A.a good practice
B.a new discovery
C.helpful for everyone
D.not essential for everyone
參考答案及解析
1.[D] 詞義理解題。在第1段第4句中，逗號後面的regulating moods是對emotional thermostat的功能進行解釋說明，因此可以推斷出選項D正確。
2.[C] 事實細節題。最具干擾的是選項A，因為其陳述與第2段第2句的陳述有點相似,但是，此長句說的是大多數人上半夜做噩夢，之後都會做好夢，而不是像選項A中所說大多數噩夢之後是好夢。而且，根據本段第1 句，很明顯，選項C是這一句的近義替換。
3 [C] 推理判斷題。本題考査對代詞的理解。在第3段的最後一句中，代詞it應指上文說到的控制噩夢，及時醒來等做法，因此只有選項C涉及了其中一個做法。選項A太泛了，選項B和D在文中並無提及。
4.[B] 事實細節題。本題考查根據構詞法猜測詞義的能力。解題關鍵是推斷最後一段第3句中therapist的意義，在考綱詞彙表中，therapy是「治療」的意思，因此，therapist應該是專門負責某種治療的醫生，由此可見，選項B是對原文seek help from a therapist的近義替換。
5.[D] 觀點態度題。根據最後一句可以推斷作者認為如無必要，夢還是不要控制的好。做夢會讓你早上感覺舒服一些，因此本題應選D。
2019年6月大學英語四級閱讀理解訓練：機器人跳舞
The dancers stand motionless at their position and the room grows silent. But as the music starts, they began to move, bending, turning and waving their fans gracefully as they perform. a traditional Japanese dance. Yoshihiro Kuroki watches in silence, occasionally making notes. But as the dance ends, he beams with happiness. The performance has been flawless.
There have been many performances of traditional Japanese dances over the centuries, but this one is unique,because it is performed not by human dancers but by robots. And the performance takes place not in a dance studio but in a laboratory of Sony Corp.'s Entertainment Robot Co. in Shinagawa, Japan, where Kuroki isgeneral manager. He is the mastermind behind a series of even more capable humanoid entertainment robots,starting with the Sony Dream Robot, or SDR, in 1997, up to the current QRIO in 2003.
These delightful machines are only 58 cm tall, about the size of a newborn infant, weigh about 7 kg, and move with 38 degrees of freedom, each with its own servomotor(輔助馬達).
QRIO's predecessor, the SDR4X, announced in 2002, can walk, dance, sing, speak, recognize faces, and understand continuous speech. Each robot has two charge-coupled-device cameras to detect color and position andcan locate a colored ball, move toward it, and kick it into a goal. It also has contact sensors in severaljoints to avoid pinching real human fingers. Seeing the robot perform, it is difficult to remember that there is no sentience(知覺)behind those glass eyes.
練習題：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.Which of the following is the most suitable title of this passage?
A.New Entertainment Robots Proced in Japan.
B.QRIO the Robot Dancers.
C.Robots Man's Best Friend.
D.An Extraordinary Performance in Sony's Lab.
2.Yoshihiro Kuroki ______.
A.is excited when the robots are performing a traditional Japanese dance
B.keeps silent because he is a little unsatisfied with the new proct
C.witnesses the creation of a series of entertainment robots
D.is an executive manager of Sony Corp.
3.Which aspect of the robots is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A.The vividness of their motion.
B.Their pleasant appearance.
C.Their smart designing principles.
D.Their communicative ability.
4.The Sony Dream Robot was___
A.the first human-like entertainment robot developed by the Sony Corp
B.as capable as the QRIO of speaking,dancing,singing and walking
C.largest among all the entertainment robot developed by the Sony Corp
D.the first entertainment robot sold at the market by the Sony Corp
5.The robot can locate colored balls by mens of ____
A.a charge-coupled device
B.two cameras
C.two contacts sensors
D.a digital detector
參考答案及解析
1.[A] 主旨大意題。標題需要既全面又突出地概括文章的主題。本文先是描述「舞蹈演員」，然後揭曉這是些「機器人」(第2段第1句)，接著對Sony公司的一些機器人產品進行詳細介紹。選項A比較全面地概括了文章內容。選項B、D只是涉及細節，不能全面地概括本文的內容。而C又過於籠統，不具有針對性。
2.[C] 事實細節題。選項C符合第2段最後一句「He is the mastermind behind a series of... robots...」。仔細閱讀有關的細節信息會發現,第1段第3句可幫助否定選項A。第1段最後兩句可幫助否定選項B。另外，根據第2段倒數第2句可否定選項D。
3.[D] 事實細節題。全文分四段，分別討論機器人三方面的特點：第1段和第2段描述機器人舞蹈演員栩栩如生的表演，即選項A;第3段描寫它們的外表，即選項B;第4段介紹它們巧妙的設計，即選項C;只有選項D是沒有提到的，故為答案。
4.[A] 推理判斷題。該句中的分詞結構「starting with...」表明the Sony Dream Robot是第一個人形娛樂機器人，因此選項A正確。文章在最後一段的第1句提到兩種能說話、跳舞的機器人，但沒有提到SDR是否和它們一樣，由此可否定選項B。在第3段討論機器人大小的時候也沒有提到SDR體型最大，因此選項C不正確。選項D在文中沒有討論到。
5.[B] 事實細節題。該句中「two…cameras to...」的結構表明這兩個攝像頭可以用於定位，所以選項B正確。選項A在該句中也有提到，但它只是攝像機的工作機制，而不是用於定位的裝置。選項C在下一句提到，但與題干提到的定位功能無關。選項D在文中並未提及。
2019年6月大學英語四級閱讀理解訓練：決定嬰兒性別
Henry III didn't know much about biology. He went through six wives back in the 1500s, looking for one whocould bear him a son. Scientists now know that it's the father's sperm, not the mother's egg, which determines whether a baby is a boy or a girl. And last week researchers at the Genetics and IVF Institute, a private fertility(生育能力)center in Virginia, announced a new technique that will allow parents to choose the sex of their baby-to-be, before it has even been conceived. The scientist used a tiny laser detector to measure the DNA in millions of sperm cells as they pass single file through a narrow tube, like cattle being herded through a corral(牲口欄). In a study published last week, "girl sperm," which has more DNA—the genetic material— in each cell, was collected, while "boy sperm" was discarded. And when purified girl sperm was used to impregnate(使受孕)a group of mothers, 15 of 17 resulting babies turned out to be girls.
The researchers say that "sex selection" can also double a mother's chance of having a son and can be usedto avoid genetic diseases that affect only one gender, such as hemophilia(血友病). But some experts, like New York University fertility specialist Dr. Jamie Grifo, worry that sex selection could lead to a kind ofin uteri(子宮)discrimination, especially in cultures where sons are considered superior to daughters. "It's valuing one gender' over another," Grifo says. "I don't think that's something we should be doing." So far, patients at the institute have been asking for both boys and girls, in order to "balance" their families. And some ethics experts say that's fine, as long as parents are just looking for a little gender variety. "If you have three boys, and you want a girl," says University of Texas reproctive-law professor John Robertson, "that's not gender bias at all."
練習題：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.The DNA in the sperm cells can be measured ______.
A.in the same way how the cattle are herded
B.when they pass through a tube one behind the other
C.after they pass through a laser tube
D.when they are scanned by a laser detector all at a time
2.The gender of the baby is decided by ______.
A.the father's DNA
B.the mother's DNA
C.the father's sperm
D.the mother's egg
3.According to this passage, the practice of "sex selection" ______.
A.can help to prevent all genetic problems
B.is totally unacceptable to ethics experts
C.was already realized five hundred years ago
D.will benefit families with certain inheritable diseases
4.Girl sperm was preferred to boy sperm in the research most probably because____
A.girl sperm contains more genetic material
B.more mother want to have girl babies
C.girl sperm is healthier and more active
D.girl sperm is more easily purified
5.It can be concluded from the passage that author』s toward」sex selection」is____
A.negative
B.positive
C.neutral
D.favorable
參考答案及解析
1.[B] 推理判斷題。解答本題的關鍵在於推斷single file的意思。該句把精子通過試管的情形與牛群被趕入牲口圈的情形作對比，結合single一詞本身的意思，可以推斷single file是「一個接一個」的意思，只有選項B能表達這個意思，由此也可否定選項D。選項A最具干擾性，原句是把精子通過試管的情形比作牛群被趕人牲口圈的情形，而選項A說的是測定精子內DNA的方法與放牧的方法相同，顯然選項A只是引用了原文的某些詞語，但表達的意思與原文卻截然不同。
2.[C] 事實細節題。第1段第3句which引導的非限制性定語從句修飾的是the father's sperm，而不是插入語the mother』s egg,因此選項C正確。
3.[D] 推理判斷題。第2段第1句中的genetic暗示有些疾病是遺傳的，即如選項D所述。第2段第1句同時表明選項A的說法是不全面的。選項B與第2段最後兩句正好相反。第1段前兩句說明選項C是錯誤的。
4.[A] 事實細節題。第1段倒數第2句中的由which引導的定語從句表明選項A的敘述正確。
5.[C] 觀點態度題。文章第2段中作者給出了一些反對者和贊成者的觀點，但是沒有加以評論，可以看出作者的態度是中立的，故選項C正確。
『伍』 英語四級閱讀題的閱讀方法和技巧
四級英語考試的閱讀理解有多重要，可能大家都有所了解。很多學生在做四級真題的時候，就主要去感受這些閱讀理解題型。當然很多人覺得這個題型並不容易攻克，其實大學英語四級閱讀理解也是有技巧的，下面是我整理的詳細內容，希望對大家有所幫助！
四級閱讀題的閱讀方法與技巧
1. 做題步驟：50%—50%法
文章內容多，信息量大，題文不同序，對考生的短時記憶是一大考驗，考生可以採用此方法進行應對，具體為：
第一步先讀文章前1~4段，獲取文章大意，並提煉所讀段落的核心意思（英文關鍵詞）。
第二步瀏覽5個題干（不一定是前5題），畫出每個題干句子的核心詞（注意可能並非是定位詞），初步判斷與所做遲消讀段落是否匹配。
第三步畫出剩下未匹配題乾的核心詞，並與剩下的文章交替閱讀，直至做完。
四級真題中，至少3道題可在初步閱讀文章後得出答案。
2. 語句核心詞提煉的方法
語句核心詞提煉是英文閱讀的必備技能之一，是提高閱讀效率的必經途徑。
要想獲得該能力，需要考生在明白基本原理的基礎上，配以大量練習，但這一能力確實值得考生花大力氣訓練。
簡單說來，這一方法有些類似於縮句練習。
比如某年四級考試真題中的第47題，在做題時可以在句子上快速畫出其核心主幹：
Airbnb』s success clearly illustrates the emergence of a huge sharing economy.
因此可以簡化為Airbnb』s success…a huge sharing economy，方便在做題時查找和進行短時記憶。
3. 干擾段落排除的方法
有時會出現連續兩個或兩個以上段落講述同一問題的現象，這時就需要考生在提煉語句核心詞的時候，要准確和全面。
比如某年四級考試真題中的第52題：
Airbnb is a website that enables owners and renters to complete transactions online.
該句的核心詞除了Airbnb，website以外，還包括online，如果只畫出核心詞Airbnb和website，則會誤選［B］段，原文的［A］段和［B］段均提到了Airbnb的問題。
一般來說，這種題型的干擾段落多為臨近的上下段，因此考生可在這一范圍內進行區分。
4. 關鍵詞同義轉換的方法
同義轉換的方法包括：改變詞性、意思相同或相近的詞或片語、反義詞或片語、句式的變換、語態的轉換等。
例如某年四級考試真題中的第55題：
Sharing appeals to the sociable in that they can meet new people.
顯然，語句核心詞appeals to是［F］段中charm的同義轉述；meet new people與meeting new people相對應。
英語四級題型與分值
1、寫作（考試時間：30分鍾）106.5分
測試內容：寫作；題型：短文寫作；題目數量：1；分值比例：15%。
2、聽力理解（考試時間：25分鍾）248.5分
測試內容：斷篇新聞；題型：選擇題（單選題）；題目數量：7；分值比例：7%；每小題7.1分。
測試內容：長對話；題型：選擇題（單選題）；題目數量：8；分值比例：8%； 每小題7.1分。
測試內容：聽力篇章；題型：選擇題（單選題）；題目數量：10；分值比例：20%。；每小題14.2分。
3、閱讀理解（考試時間：40分鍾）248.5分
測試內容：詞彙理解；題型：選詞填空；題目數量：10；分值比例：5%；每小題3.55分
測試內容：長篇閱讀；題型：匹配；題目數量：10；分值比例：10%；每小題7.1分。
測試內旦蔽容：仔細閱讀；題型：選擇題（單選題）；題目數量：10；分值比例：20%；每小題14.2分。
4、翻譯（考試時間：30分鍾）純知106.5分
測試內容：漢譯英；題型：段落翻譯 ；題目數量：1；分值比例：15%。
『陸』 大學英語四級閱讀理解概述3
例6
One of the most important weapons used ring the Second World War was not a weapon used against people, but rather a drug used against disease. The wartime use of penicillin（青黴素）saved thousands of lives. In the First World War, for example, pneumonia （肺炎）was responsible for 18% of all the deaths in the United States army. In the Second World War, the rate went down to less than 1%. In addition, penicillin was helpful in keeping wounds from getting infected and in helping to speed the healing process of those wounds that did become infected.
Q: What was the pneumonia death rate of all the deaths in the United States army ring the Second World War?
A) About 18%.
B) No more than 1%.
C) 1%.
D) About 17%.
該段短文中句子的邏輯功能可鏈鄭劃分如下：第一句為主題引介句。第二句「在戰時使用青黴素挽救了幾千條人命」，應為主題句。餘下三句為支撐主題的陳述細節的句子：
承接語for example提示，第三句為例解性的細節；第四句具有與之對比的含義，可視為同一細節；in addition是增補性的承接語，提示第五句為另一個細節。
顯然，答案為B），二戰其間美軍中死於肺炎的人「不到百分之一」，選項用了」no more than 」，等同於原文的「less than」。
3.1.3 區分事實和棚租頌看法(Distinguishing Between Facts and Opinions)
事實是直接陳述的客觀事實，而看法則分為作者明說的型圓看法或暗指的意思兩種。
例 7
I remember thinking there was something absurdly melodramatic about screaming 「Help, help!」 at eight on a Tuesday evening in December and changing my plea to the more specific 「Help, let me in, please let me in!」 But the houses were cold, closed, unfriendly, and I ran on until I heard Jeremy』s screams behind me announcing that our attackers had fled.
The neighbors who had not opened their doors to us came out with baseball bats and helped Jeremy find his glasses and keys. In a group they were very brave. We waited for the cops to come until someone said to someone else that the noodles were getting cold, and I said politely, 「Please go and eat. We』re O.K.」
I was happy to see them go. -------
這兩段短文選自上外教出版社出版的《大學英語精讀》第二冊第七課《全靠運氣》。
文中講到作者某夜在住所附近遇到持槍歹徒，大聲呼救，而鄰居們卻裝聾作啞。待作者僥幸逃脫，歹徒亦逃去無蹤後，鄰居們才裝模作樣出來「幫忙」。
第一段中的「The houses were --- closed,」 是事實，而「The houses were cold, --- unfriendly,」 是作者的觀點。第二段的第一句「The neighbors who had not opened their doors to us came out with baseball bats---」是事實，而「In a group they were very brave.」是作者的觀點。還有，第二段的「--- someone said to someone else that the noodles were getting cold,」 也是事實，而第三段的「I was happy to see them go.」是作者的觀點。當然，這里指出的都是作者直白的觀點，而作者隱含的觀點是：鄰居們既懦弱、自私、和冷漠，又十分虛偽。
3.1.4 進行推論(Making Inferences)
在理解閱讀材料的主旨大意及抓住其重要細節時，還需具備獲得文章或句子所表達的隱含信息的能力，對所讀內容進行一定的引申和推理。往往可以從作者帶有感情色彩的語氣、措辭等文體特徵推斷出作者的觀點、態度、寫作目的、文章風格和基調。
例8
Worldwide fame burst upon Albert Einstein on November 7, 1919, when British astronomers announced they found the first confirmation of Einstein』s general relativity theory. Einstein had already become known in scientific circles because of his two astonishing theories: the special theory of relativity, published in 1905 when he was only 26 and a minor clerk in the Swiss patent（專利）office, and the general theory of relativity, advanced between 1913 and 1915. He was considered so brilliant by other scientists that in 1914 he was invited to join the famous Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences and to become head of the research branch at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute. He accepted the offer and moved to Berlin.
Q: It can be inferred from the passage that the author ________.
A) is critical about Einstein
B) is indifferent to Einstein』s achievement
C) doesn』t think highly of Einstein
D) praises Einstein highly
本文簡略地記敘了愛因斯坦獲得學術成就和聲望的經歷。盡管短文沒有直接陳述作者對愛因斯坦的評論，但從某些記敘的措辭中仍可窺見作者對愛因斯坦的稱頌，如Worldwide fame burst upon---（---聲震全球），--- so brilliant--- that---（---才華橫溢---以致）等。由此可知，答案應為D），作者「高度評價愛因斯坦」。其餘三項均不合作者的態度。
3.1.5 作結論(Drawing Conclusions)
要根據上下文的邏輯關系，有理有據地推斷結論。結論應基於文章中的事實和證據，
而不是基於讀者自己的觀點和喜好。
『柒』 大學英語四級仔細閱讀訓練題和答案
下面是我整理的，希望對大家有幫助。
When one looks back upon the fifteen hundred years that are the life span of the English language, he should be able to notice a number of significant truths. The history of our language has always been a history of constant change—at times a slow, almost imperceptible change, at other times a violent collision between two languages. Our language has always been a living growing organi *** , it has never been static. Another significant truth that emerges from such a study is that language at all times has been the possession not of one class or group but of many. 『At one extreme it has been the property of the mon, ignorant folk, who have used it in the daily business of their living, much as they have used their animals or the kitchen pots and pans.』① At the other extreme it has been the treasure of those who have respected it as an instrument and a sign of civilization, and who have struggled by writing it down to give it some permanence, order, dignity, and if possible, a little beauty.
As we consider our changing language, we should note here two developments that are of special and immediate importance to us. One is that since the time of the Anglo-Saxons there has been an almost plete reversal of the different devices for showing the relationship of words in a sentence. Anglo-Saxon ***old English*** was a language of many inflections. Modern English has few inflections. We must now depend largely on word order and function words to convey the meanings that the older language did by means of changes in the forms of words. Function words, you should understand, are words such as prepositions, conjunctions, and a few others that are used primarily to show relationships among other words. A few inflections, however, have survived. And when some word inflections e into conflict with word order, there may be trouble for the users of the language, as we shall see later when we turn our attention to such maters as WHO or WHOM and ME or I. The second fact we must consider is that as language itself changes, our attitudes toward language forms change also. 『The eighteenth century, for example, proced from various sources a tendency to fix the language into patterns not always set in and grew, until at the present time there is a strong tendency to restudy and re-evaluate language practices in terms of the ways in which people speak and write.』②
1.In contrast to the earlier linguists, modern linguists tend to .
A. attempt to continue the standardization of the language
B. evaluate language practices in terms of current speech rather than standards or proper patterns
C. be more concerned about the improvement of the language than its *** ysis or history
D. be more aware of the rules of the language usage
2.Choose the appropriate meaning for the word 「inflection」 used in line 4 of paragraph 2.
A. Changes in the forms of words.
B. Changes in sentence structures.
C. Changes in spelling rules.
D. Words that have similar meanings.
3.Which of the following statements is not mentioned in the passage? A. It is generally believed that the year 1500 can be set as the beginning of the modern English language.
B. Some other languages had great influence on the English language at some stages of its development.
C. The English language has been and still in a state of relatively constant change.
D. Many classes or groups have contributed to the development of the English language.
4. The author of these paragraphs is probably a***an*** .
A. historian B. philosopher C. anthropologist D. linguist
5.Which of the following can be best used as the title of the passage? A. The history of the English language.
B. Our changing attitude towards the English language.
C. Our changing language.
D. Some characteristics of modern English.
Vocabulary
1. span n. 跨度，范圍，一段時間，期間
2. imperceptible adj. 感覺不到的，覺察不到的，極細微的
3. organi *** n. 生物體，有機體
4. possession n. 擁有，佔有，領土，領地
5. ignorant adj. 無知的 6. folk n. 人們，民族
7. permanence n. 永久，持久
8. Anglo-Saxons n. 盎格魯—撒克遜語，盎格魯—撒克遜人，地道的 英國人
9. reversal n. 顛倒，反向，逆轉 10. inflection n. 詞尾變化
11. preposition n. 前置詞，介詞
12. conjunction n. 聯合，關聯，連線詞
13. in terms of 根據，按照，用……的話，在……方面
長難句解析
①【解析】「who」引導非限制性定語從句，修飾「the mon, ignorant folk」。「much as」引導狀語從句。「kitchen pots and pans」意為「鍋碗瓢盆」。【譯文】一方面它是那些普通人甚至無知民眾的財產，他們每天都像使喚他們的牲畜和鍋碗瓢盆一樣用著語言。
②【解析】 此句為一個復合倒裝句。「until」引導一個並列句，前一句的主語是「a tendency」，「to fix the language into patterns not always set in and grew」作「tendency」的定語，第二句的主語也是「a tendency」，
「to」後面的句子作「tendency」的定語，「in which」引導的定語從句修飾「ways」。 【譯文】例如在18世紀一種產生於各種來源的趨勢把語言固定在一個不常使用和不利於語言發展的模式中，而到了當今，主流是要反復研究、評價人們說話、寫作中的語言實踐。
答案與詳解
【短文大意】本文主要講述英語演變過程的一些特點，指出了古英語與現代英語的不同，以及語言學家對待語言形式的態度的變化。
1.B細節題。根據題干回原文中定位，閱讀文章時注意首末段及各段開頭的句子，這往往都是考點所在。這篇文章講的主要是英語語言演變的一些特點，指出了古英語與現代英語的不同，以及語言學家態度的轉變。本題問的正是現代語言學家與早期語言學家不同的傾向。根據文章末尾The eighteenth century, for example, proced from various sources a tendency to fix the language into patterns not always set in and grew, until at the present time there is a strong tendency to restudy and re-evaluate language practices in terms of the ways in which people speak and write. 現代語言學家傾向於根據人們說和寫的方式評價語言實踐，而不是像早期的語言學家根據一定的模式評價語言。選項B符合文章的意思。
2.A詞彙題。要根據上下文的資訊判斷單詞的意思。文章在第二段中間再次提到inflection時說，A few inflections, however, have survived. 後面文章又舉了WHO/WHOM和ME/I為例說明inflection，這是一篇關於語言學的文章，從例子可以看出inflection的意思應該是「單詞的變形」，選項A正確。
3.A細節題。根據文章的內容，選項A「普遍認為1500年是現代英語的起點」在文章中沒有提及，故為正確答案。文章第二句說The history of our language has always been a history of constant change - at times a slow, almost imperceptible change, at other times a violent collision between two languages. 我們語言的歷史是一個不斷變化的歷史——在一些時間里緩慢得幾乎難以察覺，在另一些時間里則是兩種語言的激烈碰撞。由此可以推斷一些其他的語言對英語的發展有重大影響，選項B符合文章的意思。
4.D詞彙題。此題考查考生的推測能力和詞彙量，文章講述的是英國語言演進的具體細節，最適當的答案應該是D。作者很可能是一位語言學家。A答案***歷史學家***和C答案***人類學家***也可以有點迷惑性。B答案***哲學家***是最不符合的。
5.C主旨題。本文從各個方面談及英語作為一種語言的發展變化，但並不是講述英語的歷史。所以選項A不對，選項C作為文章的題目最為貼切。選項B只是文章闡述的一個方面，不夠全面。文章是在談到英語的不斷變化的時候談到了現代英語的一些特點，所以選項D也失之於片面。
Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international marketplace. 『This system of learned behavior patterns characteristic of the members of a given society is constantly shaped by a set of dynamic variables: language, religion, values and attitudes, manners and customs, aesthetics, technology, ecation, and social institutions.』① To cope with this system, an international manager needs both factual and interpretive knowledge of culture. To some extent, the factual knowledge can be learned; its interpretation es only through experience.
The most plicated problems in dealing with the cultural environment stem from the fact that one cannot learn culture—one has to live it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversity. One is that business is business the world around, following the model of Pepsi and McDonald』s. In some cases, globalization is a fact of life; however, cultural differences are still far from converging.
The other school proposes that panies must tailor business approaches to indivial cultures. Setting up policies and proceres in each country has been pared to an organ transplant; the critical question centers around acceptance or rejection. The major challenge to the international manager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia or even blindness.
Fortune examined the international performance of a dozen large panies that earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas. The internationally successful panies all share an important quality: patience. They have not rushed into situations but rather built their operations carefully by following the most basic business principles. These principles are to know your adversary, know your audience, and know your customer.
1. According to the passage, which of the following is true?
A. All international managers can learn culture.
B. Business diversity is not necessary.
C. Views differ on how to treat culture in business world.
D. Most people do not know foreign culture well.
2. According to the author, the model of Pepsi .
A. is in line with the theories of the school advocating the business is business the world around
B. is different from the model of McDonald』s
C. shows the reverse of globalization
D. has converged cultural differences
3. The two schools of thought .
A. both propose that panies should tailor business approaches to indivial cultures
B. both advocate that different policies be set up in different countries C. admit the existence of cultural diversity in business world
D. Both A and B
4. This article is supposed to be most useful for those .
A. who are interested in researching the topic of cultural diversity
B. who have connections to more than one type of culture
C. who want to travel abroad
D. who want to run business on International Scale
5. According to Fortune, successful international panies .
A. earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas
B. all have the quality of patience
C. will follow the overseas local cultures
D. adopt the policy of internationalization
Vocabulary
1. dynamic adj. 動態的 2. variable n. 變數
aesthetics n. 美學 4. factual adj. 事實的
5. interpretative adj. 解釋的 6. converge v. 聚合
7. transplant v. 移植8. myopia n. 近視 9. adversary n. 對手
長難句解析
①【解析】此句雖然很長，但考生只要認清它的主幹，就很容易了解本句的意思。這個句子為一個簡單句，主語為：「this system」，謂語為「is shaped」。
【譯文】特定社會成員特點構成的行為方式體系不斷地被一系列動態變數所左右：如語言、信仰、價值與態度、禮儀與風俗、審美、技術、教育及社會體制。
答案與詳解
【短文大意】本文主要講述文化背景對商業運作的影響，文中列舉了商界中存在的對於文化多樣性的兩種觀點。
C推斷題。意為「對在商業中怎樣對待文化有著不同意見」。 文化在商業中是一個很具挑戰性的因素。不同的國家與地區可能會有不同的文化體系。在商業中，應該怎樣對待不同的文化，商業界存在著不同的看法。
2. A細節題。意為「……與同意世界商業一體化的派別的主張是一致的」。 Pepsi採納的是國際化的商業風格，這與那些主張國際化的派別的意見是相一致的。
3. C推斷題。意為「承認商業世界中文化的多元性」。兩個派別都承認商業世界中文化的多元性。他們的不同在於，應該對待不同的文化，應該搞國際化還是對不同的文化採取不同的策略。
4. D主旨題。由文中的例子可以知道，作者主要關心的並不是研究多種文化形態，而是文化背景對商業運作的影響。所以D是正確答案。
5. B細節題。意為「都具有耐心這一素質」。並非所有成功的國際公司的海外收入都占總收入的20%或以上。它們也不一定全都接納海外的當地文化，或是採納國際化策略。
『捌』 四級考試英語閱讀理解精選題附答案
閱讀題在英語四級考試中一直佔有相當大的比重，因而加強英語閱讀的訓練尤為重要。下面我為大家帶來四級考試英語閱讀理解精選題，供考生閱讀練習。
四級考試英語閱讀理解精選題***一***
munications technologies are far from equal when it es to conveying the truth. The first study to pare honesty across a range of munication media has fund that people are twice as likely to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in emails. The fact that emails are automatically recorded—and can e back to haunt ***困擾*** you—appears to be the key to the finding.
Jeff Hancock of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, asked 30 students to keep a munications diary for a week. In it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and confessed to how many lies they told. Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation for each medium. He found that lies made up 14 per cent of emails, 21 per cent of instant messages, 27 per cent of face-to-face interactions and an astonishing 37 per cent of phone calls.
His results to be presented at the conference on human-puter interaction in Vienna, Austria, in April, have surprised psychologists. Some expected emailers to be the biggest liars, reasoning that because deception makes people unfortable, the detachment ***非直接接觸*** of emailing would make it easier to lie. Others expected people to lie more in face-to-face exchanges because we are most practised at that form of munication.
But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and whether it occurs in real time. People appear to be afraid to lie when they know the munication could later be used to hold them to account, he says. This is why fewer lies appear in email than on the phone.
People are also more likely to lie in real time—in a instant message or phone call, say—than if they have time to think of a response, says Hancock. He found many lies are spontaneous ***脫口而出的*** responses to an unexpected demand, such as: 「Do you like my dress?」
Hancock hopes his research will help panies work our the best ways for their employees to municate. For instance, the phone might be the best medium foe sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth. But, given his result, work asses *** ent where honesty is a priority, might be best done using email.
57. Hancock』s study focuses on ________.
A*** the consequences of lying in various munications media
B*** the success of munications technologies in conveying ideas
C*** people are less likely to lie in instant messages
D*** people』s honesty levels across a range of munications media
58. Hancock』s research finding surprised those who believed that ________.
A*** people are less likely to lie in instant messages
B*** people are unlikely to lie in face-to-face interactions
C*** people are most likely to lie in email munication
D*** people are twice as likely to lie in phone conversations
59. According to the passage, why are people more likely to tell the truth through certain media of munication?
A*** They are afraid of leaving behind traces of their lies.
B*** They believe that honesty is the best policy.
C*** They tend to be relaxed when using those media.
D*** They are most practised at those forms of munication.
60. According to Hancock the telephone is a preferable medium for promoting sales because ________.
A*** sale *** en can talk directly to their customers
B*** sale *** en may feel less restrained to exaggerate
C*** sale *** en can impress customers as being trustworthy
D*** sale *** en may pass on instant messages effectively
61. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A*** honesty should be encouraged in interpersonal munications
B*** more employers will use emails to municate with their employees
C*** suitable media should be chosen for different munication purposes
D*** email is now the dominant medium of munication within a pany
四級考試英語閱讀理解精選題答案
57. D 58. A 59. A 60.B 61. C
四級考試英語閱讀理解精選題***二***
As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing disease—especially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors, such as poor eating habits, *** oking, and failure to exercise. The line of thought involved in this shift can be pursued further. Imagine a person who is about the right weight, but does not eat very nutritious ***有營養的*** foods, who feels OK but exercises only occasionally, who goes to work every day, but is not an outstanding worker, who drinks a few beers at home most nights but does not drive while drunk, and who has no chest pains or abnormal blood counts, but sleeps a lot and often feels tired. This person is not ill. He may not even be at risk for any particular disease. But we can imagine that this person could be a lot healthier.
The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is merely 「not ill」 and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the body』s special needs. Both types have simply been called 「well.」 In recent years, however, some health specialists have begun to apply the terms 「well」 and 「wellness」 only to those who are actively striving to maintain and improve their health. People who are well are concerned with nutrition and exercise, and they make a point of monitoring their body』s
condition. Most important, perhaps, people who are well take active responsibility for all matters related to their health. Even people who have a physical disease or handicap ***缺陷*** may be 「well,」 in this new sense, if they make an effort to maintain the best possible health they can in the face of their physical limitations. 「Wellness」 may perhaps best be viewed not as a state that people can achieve, but as an ideal that people can strive for. People who are well are likely to be better able to resist disease and to fight disease when it strikes. And by focusing attention on healthy ways of living, the concept of wellness can have a beneficial impact on the ways in which people face the challenges of daily life.
62. Today medical care is placing more stress on ________.
A*** keeping people in a healthy physical condition
B*** monitoring patients』 body functions
C*** removing people』s bad living habits
D*** ensuring people』s psychological well-being
63. In the first paragraph, people are reminded that ________.
A*** good health is more than not being ill
B*** drinking, even if not to excess, could be harmful
C*** regular health checks are essential to keeping fit
D*** prevention is more difficult than cure
64. Traditionally, a person is considered 「well」 if he ________.
A*** does not have any unhealthy living habits
B*** does not have any physical handicaps
C*** is able to handle his daily routines
D*** is free from any kind of disease
65. According to the author, the true meaning of 「wellness」 is for people ________.
A*** to best satisfy their body』s special needs
B*** to strive to maintain the best possible health
C*** to meet the strictest standards of bodily health
D*** to keep a proper balance between work and leisure
66. According to what the author advocates, which of the following groups of people would be considered healthy?
A*** People who have strong muscles as well as slim figures.
B*** People who are not presently experiencing any symptoms of disease.
C*** People who try to be as possible, regardless of their limitations.
D*** People who can recover from illness even without seeking medical care.
四級考試英語閱讀理解精選題答案
62. C 63. B 64. D 65.B 66. C
『玖』 四級英語閱讀理解解題技巧及分析
四級英語閱讀理解解題技巧及分析如下：
第一步，讀題干並找出關鍵詞。由於仔細閱讀的文章較長縣考試時間有限，建議太家先從讀題開始，明白題叢飢目問的是什麼了，再到文章中找答案。
第三步，仔細分析定位段落內容，選擇正確選項。找出定位段落後，大家就可以開始對照選項了，排除干擾項，臘鄭明選出與原文表達一致的選項即可。需輪告要大家注意的是，選項中可能會出現同義替換的情況，如用教高級的詞彙替換原文中出現的詞彙，此時就需要大家用到平時的積累，並仔細對比、分析了。
那麼對於無法定位到特定段落的主旨大意題，同學們要如何處理呢?其實我們同樣不需要閱讀完整篇文章，一般只需閱讀每段的首、尾句就可以知道每一段的大意，整合起來也就知道全文大意了。