英語閱讀技能之猜詞
⑴ 高考英語閱讀理解九大猜詞技巧
高考英語閱讀理解九大猜詞技巧
馬上就要高考了,我整理了一些比較有針對性的高考英語復習技巧資料給大家參考,希望可以幫助同學們提高自身綜合英語能力,戰勝高考。
高考英語閱讀理解九大猜詞技巧
一、利用定義或解釋(definition or explanation)
Signal words: means, refers to, be called, beknown as ,can be defined as, in other words,that is, that is to say, 定語從句…..etc.
舉例:
Pruning is important because it encourages thegrowth of tender shoots(嫩芽), or young leaves oftrees.(B)
The word "pruning" means______
A. Regular cutting(修剪) of the plants
B. Frequent watering
C. Regular use of chemicals
D. Growing the plants high in the mountain
二、利用普通常識和經驗(common sense or experience)
舉例:
1. In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today.
"ocelot" means _________________(an endangered wild cat)
2.The period of adolescence, the period between childhood and althood ,may be long orshort.
"adolescence" means___________(The period between childhood and althood)
三、利用同義/同位語(similarity/appositive)
Signal words:for example ,for instance,such as ,like,as---as,etc.
舉例:
The largest player – Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Center offers a wide variety of choices,such as deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches. Santana sedans are the big favoriteof the tourists. (C)
The words "deluxe sedans," "minivans" and "station wagons" used in the text refer to ____.
A. cars in the making B. car rental firms C. cars for rent D. car makers
四、利用舉例(from examples)
Signal words: as, like, the same as,unlike,but,however, on the contrary, while,instead…ect.
舉例:
1. The snow was falling.Big flakes drifted(飄)with the wind like feathers.
2. Unlike her gregarious sister, Jane is a shyperson who does not like to go to parties or makenew friends.
五、利用比較或對比(comparison or contrast)
(1)Overwork may cause diseases.
over(過分的、過量的)+work=overwork“工作過度”。
(2)There was a dissatisfied look in the manager's eyes.
dis “不” + satisfied“滿意的=dissatisfied “不滿意的”。
六、利用構詞法(Word formation):前綴、後綴、復合、派生等
舉例:
1. Is he intelligent or stupid?
2. Most women in Ghana--- the ecated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the youngand old--- work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives andmothers. Their reputation for economic independence, self-reliance, and hard work is wellknown and well deserved.(C)
The underlined word "illiterate" in the passage means ____.
A. Repeated B. reiterated. C. unecated D. sick
七、利用同義詞或反義詞(Synonym or Antonym)
舉例:
Signal words:because,since ,so, such......that,so......that, ect
I feel that since you are my superior(上司), it would be presumptuous of me to tell youwhat to do .(B)
The word "presumptuous" is closest in meaning to "____" .
A.full of respect B. rude and too confident
C.lacking in experience D.too shy and quiet
八、利用原因與結果關系猜詞(from Cause and Result)
The official asked the man what his occupation was. The man told him that he worked asan engineer.(A)
A. work B. study C. name D. interest
九、利用上下文的`語境(context or related information)
更多練習:
1. A good teacher works in quite a different way.His audience take an active part in his play: they askand answer questions, they obey orders, and if theydon't understand something, they say so.
The word "audience" in the paragraph means____.
A. students
B. people who watch a play
C. people who act on the stage
D. people who listen to something
答案:A
解題關鍵:常識 teacher-----students
2. When some kind of pain killer(止痛葯) was brought out recently, researchers found thatthe colours turned the customers off because they made the proct look weak andineffective(無效的).
⑵ 猜詞法在英語閱讀理解中的運用
猜詞法在英語閱讀理解中的運用有:舉例法、情景法、構詞法。
1、舉例法。
有些生詞的後面,會列舉一些實例。此外,如果還有一些對比作為補充的話,就比較容易推斷出這個生詞的意思。例:Some trains carries cargo、such as rice、oil and military supplies(軍用物資)、while others carries only passengers.
解析:cargo對大多考生來說,都是一個生詞。如果根據後面表示舉例的短語such as,以及所列舉的一系列貨物,而且,句中有一個while表對比,說明cargo和passengers是對應關系。因此可以猜測出cargo的意思應該是「貨物」。
解析:可以運用構詞法猜測出unwisely的意思。wise是學過的詞,意思是「明智的」,加上後綴ly變成副詞wisely,「明智地」,再加上否定前綴un構成其反義詞unwisely,「不明智地」。同時,通過while,知道judiciously和unwisely是一對反義詞,從而可以利用反義詞法,進一步猜測出judiciously的意思為「明智地」。
⑶ 英語閱讀猜詞技巧
英語閱讀猜詞技巧
做英語閱讀的過程中,遇到不懂的單詞我們有時候會猜詞義,下面我給大家介紹英語閱讀猜詞技巧,一起來學習吧!
1.構詞法猜詞
在閱讀中我們常會遇到一些由熟悉的單詞派生或合成的新詞。掌握構詞法對猜詞義和背單詞都很有幫助。如wheelchair,wheel是輪子的意思,chair則是椅子。顯而易見,有輪子的椅子就是輪椅了。
2.利用同義近義詞猜詞
在生詞所出現的上下文中,有時會出現與之同義或近義的詞語或結構,這時可從熟悉的詞語中推知生詞的含義。生詞前後的句子一般會出現並列連詞and或or時,不妨通過其上下文的單詞推測出大概的詞義。
3.利用反義詞猜詞
對比是議論文中常用於描述事物的方法。在對比中,我們可根據反義或對比關系從已知推出未知。如反義詞cleverand stupid, internal and external,有時句內詞與詞之間,段內句與句之間的`關繫上起著互為線索的作用。
4.利用上下文語境猜詞
這是閱讀文章最常用的技巧,也是高考考查的熱點之一。因為句子在全文內容中不是孤立的,我們可以根據上下文提供的情景和線索進行合理分析,推測詞義。在此建議蜂友們在閱讀文章時要適當畫出重點詞句,了解文章大概內容,能快速找出答題線索喔。
5.利用定義和解釋猜詞
科學說明文會較多出現專有名詞,看似困難,實際不難。因為下文通常會以破折號,同位語,定語從句等對關鍵詞進行解釋。
6.利用例證猜詞
為了說明或證實,文章中經常會舉例說明前面生詞,這些例子可幫助我們猜測生詞。舉例時,常用的一些短語,如:suchas,like,for example,for instance等。
7.根據語義轉折猜詞
我們可以根據轉折意思猜測詞義。如:though,although,still,but,yet,instead,instead of,however,while,on the contrary,on the other hand,unlike,rather than,for one thing,for another等。
8.利用經驗和常識猜詞
在記敘文中可以利用日常經驗推出詞義,例如:To his great surprise, she pulledthe perfect pearl from her purse.
主要通過分析後半句,她從purse中拿出完美無瑕的珍珠。一位女士會從哪裡中拿出這么珍貴的東西呢?由此推斷該句中purse是手提包的意思。
;⑷ 如何培養學生在英語閱讀中的猜詞能力
一、閱讀能力和猜詞能力
閱讀理解能力是語言綜合能力的一種,以閱讀速度和閱讀准確性兩個方面為主要表現。閱讀速度細化為對詞義的掌握、分辨詞彙的能力、辨認詞語時的目光幅度及其他因素。閱讀的准確性是檢驗閱讀能力的指標,是判斷閱讀能力高低的標准。無論是閱讀速度還是閱讀准確性都受到詞彙量的制衡。但是在同等詞彙量的情況下,猜詞能力強的學生可以較為順利的完成閱讀任務。反之不會猜詞,遇到生詞就習慣看單詞表查字典的學生不能完成閱讀理解。由此可見,猜詞能力的高低直接影響了閱讀速度和閱讀准確性,想要收獲很好的閱讀效果,猜詞能力必不可少。因此,猜詞能力的培養是英語閱讀訓練中的一個目標。
二、猜詞能力的培養
猜詞能力的培養是一個日積月累的過程。它教學活動雙方共同努力完成。作為教學活動組織者的教師精心組織教學活動,安排學生在沒有字典沒有生詞表的前提下,啟動「猜」的訓練模式。這種訓練可以是專項,也可以是在講授語言點或新詞的例句中,利用學生先前熟悉的詞彙和句型營建的語言環境,根據此語言環境來猜測詞意。作為教學活動中的另一方,學生應開動腦筋,汲取綜合句中的其它信息,運用聯想、推斷甚至排除的手法,力求准確猜出詞意。這樣的單詞學習脫離了單向傳授的枯燥,既培養了學生的動腦能力,也系統復習了相似的單詞、短語或句型。更的是,這樣會使學生很有成就感,為自己猜對了詞意自豪,今後的學習會更積極主動。猜詞能力的培養過程其實是一個「授之以漁」的過程。在這個過程中, 教師和學生面對的閱讀理解按類型來分可謂種類繁雜,但也有規律和技巧可循。把這些技巧和規律總稱為猜詞技巧。掌握這些技巧,無疑能夠取得事半功倍的效果。
⑸ 英語閱讀理解解題技巧:猜詞
1 通過因果關系猜詞
通過因果關系猜詞,首先是找出生詞與上下文之間的邏輯關系,然後才能猜詞。有時文章藉助關或掘判聯詞表示前因後果。例如:
You shouldn』t have blamed him for that,for it wasn』t his fault.通過for引出的句子所表示的原因,可猜出blame的詞義是"責備"。
2.通過同義詞和反義詞的關系猜詞
通過同義詞猜詞,一是要看由and或or連接的同義詞片語,如happy and *,即使我們不認識*這個詞,也可以知道它是愉快的意思;二是看在進一步解釋的過程中使用的同義詞,如Man has known something about the planets Venus,Mars,and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.此句中的Venus、Mars、Jupiter均為生詞,但只要知道planets就可猜出這幾個詞都屬於"行星"這一義域。通過反義詞猜詞,一是看錶轉折關系的連詞或副詞,如but,while,however等;二是看與not搭配的或表示否定意義的詞語,如:He is so homely,not at all as handsome as his brother.根據not at all...handsome我們不難推測出homely的意思,即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。
3.通衫改過構詞法猜詞
在閱讀文章時,我們總會遇上一些新詞彙,有時很難根據上下文來推斷其詞意,而它們對文章的理解又有著舉足輕重的作用,此時,如掌握了一些常用的詞根、前綴、後綴等語法知識,這些問題便不難解決了。
4.通過定義或釋義關系來推測詞義
例如:But sometimes,no rain falls for a long,long time.Then there is a dry period,or drought.
從drought所在句子的上文我們得知很久不下雨,於是便有一段乾旱的時期,即drought,由此可見drought意思為"久旱","旱災"。而a dry period和drought是同義語。這種同義或釋義關系常由is,or,that is,in other words,be called或破折號等來表示。
5.通過句法功能來推測詞義
例如:Bananas,oranges,pineapples,coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生詞,我們可以從這兩個詞在句中所處的位置來判斷它們大致的意思。從句中不難看出pineapples,coconuts和bananas,oranges是同類關系,同屬fruit類,因此它們是兩樣水果,准確地說,是菠蘿和椰子。
6.通過描述猜詞
描述即作者為幫助讀者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而對該人或該物作出的外在相貌或內在特徵的描寫。例如:The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole.It is fat and walks in a funny way.Although it cannot fly,it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.從例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一種生活在南極的鳥類。後面更散棗詳盡地描述了該鳥類的生活習性。
⑹ 英語四級閱讀怎麼猜詞猜詞有哪些原則
四級閱讀材料中每個詞與它前後的詞語或句子甚至段落都有著緊密的關系。我們可以利用語境和各種已知信息推測、判斷某些生詞的詞義。很多時候,猜測揣度、模糊掌握單詞含義會提高閱讀速度和質量。
四級閱讀材料中的每個詞與它前後的詞語或句子甚至段落都有著緊密的關系。我們可以利用語境和各種已知信息推測、判斷某些生詞的詞義。很多時候,猜測揣度、模糊掌握單詞含義,非但不影響我們的閱讀,反而會提高閱讀速度和質量。判斷一個單詞的意思不但離不開句子,而且還需要把句子放在上下文中,通過上下文提供的原則去理解。如果僅僅是孤立的一句話就很難猜測。在一個文段里,或較長的句子中,我們可以用以下幾種方法來猜測。
同義詞原則
I did not have a roll on my plate, but I do not like bread very much anyway。
從句子的後半部分可以看出,說話人不喜歡麵包,可見roll也是一種麵包。通過bread這個詞,可以猜出roll的詞義。
One night Mrs Rochester succeeded in setting the house on fire. Mr Rochester managed to lead the servants to safety and then went back into the burning mansion to rescue his wife。
第二個句子中的mansion是生詞。從前後兩個句子來看,我們不難發現mansion指的就是第一句中的house。
環境原則
We are glad that we live near the ocean because we love to eat flounder。
如果單從“我們愛吃flounder”這部分,無法判斷它的意思,而前面提到the ocean,則可以判斷出flounder是一種魚類或水產品。
She read my letter slowly to the end and then tore it to shreds。
這個句子中的shreds是生詞。但我們從整句來理解,“她慢慢地把我的信看完,然後把它撕成……”,從“撕成……”,我們可以猜出shreds是“碎片”的'意思。
用途原則
We like our new house because it has a few elms in the back yard that will give us shade and keep the house cooler。
通過elms的作用,能有陰涼使房屋涼爽些,我們可以猜測出elms是一種樹。
Fishes live in water and have fins which help them to swim。
運用生活常識就能較為確切地判斷出fins的詞義是“鰭”。
因果關系原則
She can’t play tennis now because she can’t find her white sneakers。
由於找不到這個“白色的sneakers”,所以無法打網球。可見sneakers是一種和打網球有關的東西。而從white和sneakers這個詞的復數形式看,你也許已經猜出它們意思是“球鞋”了。
The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could never play the sport again。
從後面的結果“永遠不能再運動”中,可以推測出permanent的意思是“永久的”。
對比原則
She is usually prompt for all her classes, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class。
but表示意思的轉折,因此可以看出but前後的意思是相反的。後半句說,她今天在第一節課上了一半時才來。反推回去,她平時應該是一向“准時”的了。
The pain on the cottage had peeled in a few places, otherwise they looked well kept。
句中peel可從otherwise後面的對比猜出是“脫落”之意。
說明原則
Ann is very smart. She always knows the answers to all the teachers’questions。
第二句是對前一句的補充說明。一個能回答老師所有問題的女孩,Ann一定是很“聰明”的。
Capacitance, or the ability to store electric charge, is one of the most common characteristics of electronic circuits。
由後半句的解釋我們很快猜出生詞capacitance詞義——電容量。
順序原則
After Ms Ellis put the letters in the envelope, she sealed it and put a stamp on it。
在發信時,先把信裝入信封,封上口,然後貼上郵票,是合理的順序,通過前後動作,不難看出seal是“封口”的意思。
接下來我們再做個練習,請看下面的文段:
After we had travelled for about twenty miles, there was still no sign of the town which was marked on the map. We were beginning to get worried. Then, without warning, the car stopped. A quick examination showed that we had run out of petrol. Although we had little food with us, only a few biscuits and some chocolate, we decided to spend the night in the car。
這一段中,假設petrol和biscuit兩個詞是生詞,但我們可以從句子的前後文中推斷出這兩個詞的意思。如文中提到汽車在沒有任何出毛病的先兆時就突然停了,文中又有run our of——“用完”這個片語,因此可以推斷出一定是汽油用完了,從而petrol的意思即可推測出。下邊的biscuit是生詞,但這一句的前半句提到了we had little food with us, biscuit和chocolate都是進一步補充說明是什麼樣的food,由此可見,這兩樣東西是“食品”。這時我們已經明白了大致的意思,不查詞典,也不妨礙我們理解文章的意思。因此,就可以繼續讀下去,有時讀到後面,又會發現前面出現的生詞的意思在後面有了解釋。
⑺ 英語閱讀中的猜詞技巧
英語閱讀中的猜詞技巧
在英語閱讀中,我們自然會遇到許多生詞。下面是我分享的英語閱讀中的猜詞技巧,歡迎大家閱讀!
一、針對性解釋
針對性解釋是作者為了更好地表達思想,在文章中對一些重要的概念、難懂的術語或詞彙等所作的解釋。這些解釋提供的信息具有明確的針對性,利用它們猜詞義比較容易。
1.根據定義猜測詞義
如果生詞是句子或段落所解釋的定義,理解句子或段落本身就是推斷詞義。例如:
Anthropology is the scientific study of man.
由定義可知,anthropology就是「研究人類的科學」。
In slang the term 「jam」 constitutes a state of being in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation.
同樣,從上下文的定義可知jam一詞在俚語中的意思是「困境」。
定義句的謂語動詞多為:be,mean,deal with,be considered,to be,refer to,be called,be known as,define,represent,signify,constitute等。
2.根據復述猜測詞義
雖然復述不如定義那樣嚴謹、詳細,但是提供的`信息足以使閱讀者猜出生詞詞義。復述部分可以是適當詞、短語或是從句。
同位語,例如:
Semantics,the study of the meaning of words,is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.
此例逗號中短語意為「對詞意義進行研究的學科」。該短語與前面生詞semantics是同位關系,因此我們不難猜出semantics指「語義學」。
在復述中構成同位關系的兩部分之間多用逗號連接,有時也使用破折號、冒號、分號、引號和括弧等。
二、內在邏輯關系
根據內在邏輯關系推測詞義是指運用語言知識分析和判斷相關信息之間存在的邏輯關系,然後根據邏輯關系推斷生詞詞義或大致義域。
1.根據對比關系猜測詞義
在一個句子或段落中,有對兩個事物或現象進行對比性的描述,我們可以根據生詞或難詞的反義詞猜測其詞義。例如:
Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know.His brother,in contrast,is quite humble and modest.
該例中supercilious對許多人來說可能是個生詞,但是句中短語in contrast(相對照的,相對比的)提示我們supercilious和後面片語humble and modest(謙卑又謙虛)是對比關系。分析出這種關系後,我們便能猜出supercilious意為「目空一切的,傲慢的」。
2.根據比較關系猜測詞義
同對比關系相反,比較關系表示意義上的相似關系,例如:
Green loves to talk,and his brothers are similarly loquacious.
該句中副詞similarly表明短語loves to talk與生詞loquacious之間的比較關系,以此可以推斷出loquacious詞義為「健談的」。
表示比較關系的詞和短語主要是similarly,like,just as,also等。
3.根據因果關系猜測詞義
在句子或段落中,若兩個事物、現象之間構成因果關系,我們可以根據這種邏輯關系推知生詞詞義。例如:
Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others.
根據原因狀語從句的內容,我們可以推斷出生詞autocratic指「獨斷專行的」。
There were so many demonstrort in the Red Square that he had to elbow his way through the crowd.
此句為結果狀語從句,根據從句的描述「許多者」,我們便可推知elbow的詞義為「擠、擠過」。
三、外部相關因素
外部相關因素是指篇章(句子或段落)以外的其他知識。有時僅靠分析篇章內在邏輯關系無法猜出詞義。這時,就需要運用生活經驗和普通常識確定詞義。例如:
Husband :It』s really cold out tonight.
Wife:Sure it is.My hands are practically numb.How about lighting the furnace?
根據生活經驗,天氣寒冷時,手肯定是「凍僵的,凍得麻木的」。
The snake slithered through the grass.
根據有關蛇的生活習性的知識,我們可以推斷出slither詞義為「爬行」。
綜上所述,利用各種已知信息推測、判斷詞義是一項重要的閱讀技巧。在實踐中,我們可以靈活運用上面提到的幾種猜測技巧,排除生詞的障礙,順利理解文章想內容,提高閱讀速度和閱讀的准確性。
;⑻ 高考英語閱讀理解的猜詞題之短語類
學生做英語閱讀時往往很怕遇到生詞。但遇到生詞又是很普遍的,第一是有些文章的主題就是介紹新事物,而這個新事物是學生未曾接觸過的,自然感到陌生;第二是學生平時掌握的基本是熟詞熟義,而有些文章涉及到了熟詞生義;第三是學生在背高考范圍內的3500詞時掌握不夠扎實。
生詞如此普遍,高考英語也有對應的猜詞題。那麼,就要考慮如何通過各種技巧來攻克猜詞題,甚至把這些猜詞技巧推廣到其它生詞。
猜詞題可以劃分為兩大類,實詞和虛詞。實詞包含幾個小類,分別是單詞、短語、句子(短句為主)。虛詞通常為代詞。
本文主要介紹短語類。
如下:
What does the underlined phrase「tug at the heartstrings」in paragraph 2 mean ?
A. Encourage team work .
B. Appeal to feeling.
C. Promote good deeds.
D. Provide advice.
題干問的是第2段中tug at the heartstrings這個短語的含義。對應原文第2段
I guess that there's probably some demanding work schele, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren』t even on … At this point the unwilling parent speaks up,「Alright. Yes, I』ll do it.」
由原文可知作者試圖去勸說一位女性家長。「她可能僅需要一點勸說,所以我又試了一下,並tug at the hearstrings。」後文提到作者的話術是講了其他家長的案例,這更多屬於訴諸情感。因此選項B比較符合。
如果考生仍覺得不是很有把握,也可以考慮用反向推導。這段話是作者給一位家長講其他家長的案例,並不涉及A選項的鼓勵團隊合作,也不涉及C選項的促進善行,也不涉及D選項的提供建議。
考生亦可以通過字面含義來推導。hearstrings字面義是心靈繩索。這也是偏向於感性,與B選項更為
如下:
What do the underlined words "taking on" in paragraph 4 mean?
A. learning from
B. looking down on
C. working with
D. competing against
題干問的是第4段的taking on的含義。原文第4段如下:
"China is impossible to overlook," says Hill. "Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion — they are central to its movement. "Of course, only are today's top Western designers being influenced by China-some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese." Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galiano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs-and beating them hands down in design and sales," adds Hil.
原文提到中國女性對世界時尚潮流的影響力。原文出現了beating them hands down in design and sales說明是前者打敗了後者,因此這是在描述時尚競爭,D選項competing against符合文意。
如下:
What does the underlined phrase 「the water catcher」 in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. The tube.
B. The still.
C. The hole.
D. The cup.
題干問的是第2段的the water catcher的含義。原文第1、2段如下:
A build-it-yourself solar still(蒸餾器) is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, it』s an excellent water collector. Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since it』s all but impossible to find natural substitutes. The only components required, though, are a 5' 5' sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container— perhaps just a drinking cup — to catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.
To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher』s proctivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up — and out — the side of the hole.
原文講的是一種自助式蒸餾器的製作,這種蒸餾器能夠在乾旱缺少地區集水。因此water catcher其實指的就是這種能「捕捉水」的集水器,即這個蒸餾器,因此B選項符合。
大家可以在留言區寫下答案哦!
2016年普通高等學校招生全國統一考試3卷C篇第10題如下:
What does the underlined phrase 「a pipe dream」 in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. A practical idea.
B. A vain hope.
C. A brilliant plan.
D. A selfish desire.
原文第3段如下:
There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you'll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it's a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.
⑼ 如何提高英語考試閱讀題的猜詞技巧(3)
八、語境線索或上下文
即利用語境來推測生詞含義的方法。這是我們用來推測詞義的主要方法之一。
例一:The days of elderly women doing nothing but cooking huge meals on holidays are gone. Enter the Red Hat Society—a group holding the belief that old ladies should have fun.
“My grandmothers did not do anything, but keep house and serve everybody, they were programmed to do that,” said Emily Cornette, head of a chapter of the 7-year-old Red Hat Society.
根據上下文我們可以很容易得出chapter的詞義為這個組織the Red Hat Society的一個分支。
例二:As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency ( 一貫性 )is very important teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality ( 道德 ). Also, parents should realize that “example is better than precept”. If they are not sincere and don’t practice what they preach ( teach ), their children may grow confused, and emotionally insecure ( 不穩定 )when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled.
根據上下文我們可知precept的詞義為“說教”。
例三:Here are some simple ways to beat the stress often caused by our inventions!
Don’t be available all the time. Turn off your mobile phone at certain times of the day. Don’t check your e-mail every day. Don’t reply to somebody as soon as they leave a text message just because you can. It may be fun at first, but it soon gets annoying.
根據語境我們知道available的詞義為“可與之交談的”或“有空的”。
例四:We found that bar at last. I didn’t have to ask again, for there it was in big letters over the window—Star Bar. There were some iron tables outside with plastic chairs around them. A few people sat listlessly around, looking at a portable television set that someone had brought out of the bar. They were all in thin summer dresses or short sleeved-shirts; even at that late hour it was stifling. Two thin dogs lay under one of the tables with their tongues out, and some of the women were fanning themselves unenthusiastically (無精打採的) with magazines.
根據語境我們猜出stifling的詞義為“極熱的”。
九、標點符號的暗示
例一:The days of elderly women doing nothing but cooking huge meals on holidays are gone. Enter the Red Hat Society—a group holding the belief that old ladies should have fun.
破折號後面的部分對the Red Hat Society作了解釋,是“一個認為老年人應該有自己樂趣的團體”。
例二:The largest player—Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental Center offers a wide variety of choices—deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches. Santana sedans are the big favorite.
第二個破折號後面的deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches應該指的是汽車的品牌或種類。
十、同義詞的替代關系
例句:Although he often had the opportunity, Mr. Tritt was never able to steal money from a customer. This would have endangered his position at the bank, and he didn’t want to jeopardize his future.
為避免重復使用endanger一詞, 用同義詞jeopardize來替代它, 我們推知jeopardize詞義為“使陷入危險,危及,危害”。
十一、利用主系表結構來猜詞
主系表結構的句子有兩種功能:一是說明主語的形狀和特徵;二是主語和表語是同位關系。
例一:To malign is to slander an innocent person.
表語意為“誹謗無辜的人”, 那樣主語就是“中傷,誹謗”的意思。
例二:Insomnia is the inability of falling asleep or sleeping restlessly.
表語意為“睡不著”,主語Insomnia無疑就是“失眠”了。
十二、生活常識
根據日常生活中的常識和相關的背景知識,大膽想像,合理發揮,推測出生詞的含義。
例一:Warm-blooded desert animals, such as rats and mice, rest ring the day, often staying in cool underground burrows.
根據常識我們知道鼠類一般藏在洞里,因此生詞burrows的意思為“地洞,洞穴”。
例二:The snake slithered through the grass.
根據有關蛇的生活習性的知識,我們可以推測出slithered的詞義為“爬行”。
十三、構詞法
英語詞彙的構詞法主要有三種:派生,合成,轉化構詞。
我們主要利用派生構詞來推斷生詞的含義。
詞根是單詞最基本的部分,表達單詞的基本含義。在詞根的前面或後面加上詞綴,可以用來引申或轉變原詞的意義。一般來說,前綴改變詞根的意思;後綴改變詞性。
常見的前綴有:super- 超……
mini- 小型的……
re- 再,又……
post- 後
pre- 前
fore- 前
under- 下
後綴有:
-ment 名詞的後綴
-less 不,無
-proof 防……的
例句:Remember that people on line may not be who they seem. Because you can’t see or even hear the person, it would be easy for someone to misrepresent himself/herself. Thus someone says “She is a 12-year-old girl ”could really be an old man.
根據語境和misrepresent的構詞方式, 前綴mis-的意思是“誤,錯-的”,詞根represent的意思是“表達,展示”之意, 合在一起我們知道misrepresent的詞義為“誤述,歪曲”。
十四、文中代詞指代的推測
高考題年年考查對文中代詞實際指代的對象。一般來說它實際指代的對象在含有代詞的句子前半部分或前一句話。我們把它叫做“前指”。
例一:Demands for pigeon-delivered money stopped at noon as the press rported the story. And even if they start again, Chen holds little hope of catching the criminal.”We have more important things to do,” he said.
根據我們上面講到的,they應該指上一句中的Demands for pigeon-delivered money。
例二:The book contained a large number of clues to help readers find the hare, but Williams put in a lot of “red herrings”, or false clues, to mislead them.
根據語境them.指代上文的readers。
雖然掌握一些猜詞技巧能幫助我們猜測詞義,但是我們不能只依靠這些。最重要的還是掌握全篇文。