如何找英語閱讀的文章主旨

1. 如何掌握英文文章的主旨

南昌一中外語組： 庄蓉芳摘要：語文和英語兩門學科都是關於語言學習的，在掌握文章主旨的方法上有許多相同和相通之處。但盡管如此，不是每個學生都能順利地進行知識遷移，用我們的母語經驗去幫助掌握英文文章的主旨。本文將列舉五個典型案例來探究如何掌握英文文章的主旨常用的方法。關鍵詞：知識遷移 ，母語經驗， 英文文章的主旨， 常用方法 在閱讀任何一篇英文短文時，第一件要思考的事就是了解文章大意。英文短文有明顯的特點，那就是每一自然段的開頭或結尾句就是該段的主題句。可以說，絕大多數學生都知道這一特點，卻依舊無法准確的理解文章主旨。為什麼？因為了解這一特點僅僅是掌握文章主旨的初始階段，如何能將主題句有機地聯系在一起才是知識遷移的關鍵階段——即用語文學科中掌握主旨的知識去指導掌握英文文章主旨。 方法1：重視第一自然段的作用。第一自然段主要有兩個作用：第一：拋磚引玉，引出下文；第二：總括全文，即文章主旨段落。 例題一、2006年高考題重慶卷閱讀C篇When a Swedish ship that sank in 1628 was recovered from the port of Stockholm, historians and scientists were overjoyed with the chance to examine the remains of the past. The ship construction showed how ships were built and operated ring the seventeenth century. In this way, artifacts ,objects made by human beings, provided a picture of daily life almost 400 years ago. Underwaterarchaeology-the study of ships, aircraft and human settlements that have sunk under large bodies of water-is really a proct of the last 50 years. The rapid growth of this new area of study has occurred because of the invention of better diving equipment .Besides the Swedish ship wreck(殘骸），underwater archaeologists have made more exciting discoveries such as the 5000-year-old boats in the Mediterranean Sea. Underwater archaeology can provide facts abut the past. In ancient ports all over the world are ships sunken in the past 6,000 years. There are also sunken settlements in seas and lakes telling of peoples way of life and their systems of trade in ancient times. Underwater archaeologists want to study these objects to add to the world's knowledge of history, but they have to fight two enemies. One enemy is treasure hunters who dive for ancient artifacts that they can sell to collectors. Once sold, these objects are lost to experts. The second enemy is dredging machines(挖掘機）often used to repair ports. These machines destroy wrecks and artifacts or bury them deeper under sand and mud. By teaching the public about the importance of underwater 「museums」 of the past, archaeologists are hoping to get support for laws to protect underwater treasures. 全文共三段，第一自然段講了發現了一艘1628的沉船，歷史學家和科學家們歡呼雀躍有機會了解過去的遺跡；第二自然段講了水下考古學的的定義；第三自然段講了水下考古學的作用。如果，學生非常清楚第一自然段的主要作用，就很容易發現第一自然段是拋磚引玉引起下文而不是總括全文，全文主要講的是水下考古學。 63. What purpose does Paragraph 1 serve in the passage? A. To provide background information of the topic B. To attract readers' attention to the topic C. To use an example to support the topic D. To offer basic knowledge of the topic 所以該考題答案應選擇B。 例題二、2011年高考題福建卷閱讀理解D篇 Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis was one of the most private women in the world, yet when she went to work as an editor in the last two decades of her life, she revealed (展現) herself as she did nowhere else.After the death of her second husband, Greek shipping magnate Aristotie Onassis laqueline』s close friend and former White House social secretary Letitis Baldrige made a suggestion that she consider a career in publishing. After consideration, Jacqueline accepted it. Perhaps she hoped to find there some ideas about how to live her own life .She became not less but more interested in reading. For the last 20 years of her life, Jacqueline worked as a publisher』s editor, first at Viking, then at Doubleday ,pursuing（追求）a late-life career longer than her two marriages combined. During her time in publishing, she was responsible for managing and editing more than 100 successfully marketed books. Among the first books were In the Russian Style and Inventive Paris Clothes. She also succeeded in persuading TV hosts Bill Moyers and Joseph Campbell to transform their popular television conversation into a book ,The Power of Myth. The book went on to become an international best-seller. She dealt too. with Michael Jackson as he prepared his autobiography(自傳)，Moonwalk.Jaequeline may have been hired for her name and for her social relations, but she soon proved her worth.. Her choices, suggestions and widespread social relations were of benefit both to the publishing firms and to Jacqueline herself. In the books she selected for publication, she built on a lifetime of spending time by herself as a reader and left a record of the growth of her mind. Her books are the autobiography she never wrote, Her role as First lady, in the end, was overshadowed by her performance as an editor. However, few knew that she had achieved so much. 全文共三段。第一自然段的主旨是肯尼迪夫人Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis 在生命的最後二十多年作為一名編輯，在工作中表現比她以前做的任何事情都出色；第二自然段的主旨是在她第二任丈夫去世後，她接受了進入出版業的建議；第三自然段的主旨是她被僱傭也許是因為她的名聲和社會關系，但很快她就證明了她的價值。很明顯，第一自然段是總括段落。 The passage is mainly A. an introction of Jacqueline』s life both as Fist Lady and as editor. B. a brief description of Jacqueline』s lifelong experiences. C. a brief account of Jacqueline』s career as an editor in her last 20 years. D. an analysis of Jacqueline』s social relations in publishing 所以該考題答案是C. 方法2：利用分段理順主題句之間的關系。這種方法很適用於篇幅較長，段落較多的傳記、議論文和說明文。 例題一、2011年高考題浙江卷閱讀理解C篇 ① In the more and more competitive service instry , it is no longer enough to promise customer satisfaction. Today , customer 「delight」 is what companies are trying to achieve in order to keep and increase market share.②It is accepted in the marketing instry , and confirmed by a number of researches, that customers receiving good service will promote business by telling up to 12 other people : those treated badly will tell their tales of woe to up to 20 people, 80 percent of people who feel their complaints are handled fairly will stay loyal ③ New challenges for customer care have come when people can obtain goods and services through telephone call centers and the Internet. For example , many companies now have to invest(投資)a lot of money in information technology and staff training in order to cope with the 「phone rage」—caused by delays in answering calls ,being cut off in mid-conversation or left waiting for long periods.④「Many people do not like talking to machines ,」says Dr . Storey Senior Lecturer in Marketng at City University Business School.「Banks, for example, encourage staff at call centers to use customer data to establish instant and good relationship with them .The aim is to make the customer feel they know you and that you can trust— the sort of comfortable feelings people have ring face-to-face chats with their local branch manager.」 ⑤ Recommended ways of creating customer delight include: under-promising and over-delivering (saying that a repair will be calmed out within five hours ,but getting it done within two );replacing a faulty proct immediately : throwing in a gift voucher(購物禮卷)as an unexpected 「thank you」 to rental customers ;and always returning calls ,even when they are complaints. ⑥ Aiming for customer delight is all very well , but if services do not reach the high level promised , disappointment or worse will be the result . This can be eased by offering an apology and an explanation of why the service did not meet usual standards with empathy (for example,「 I know how you must feel」) , and possible solutions (replacement , compensation or whatever fames suggests best meets the case). ⑦Airlines face some of the toughest challenges over customer care . Fierce competition has convinced them that delighting passengers is an important marketing tool, while there is great potential for customer anger over delays caused by weather ,unclaimed luggage and technical problems . ⑧For British Airways staff , a winning telephone style is considered vital in handling the large volume of calls about bookings and flight times . They are trained to answer quickly ,with their name , job title and a 「we are here to help」 attitude. The company has invested heavily in information technology to make sure that information is available instantly on screen. ⑨ British Airways also says its customer care policies are applied within the company and staff are taught to regard each other as customers requiring the highest standards of service. ⑩Customer care is obviously here to stay and it would be a foolish company that used slogans such as "we do as we please」. On the other hand , the more customers are promised, the greater the risk of disappointment. 這是一篇議論文，一共有十個自然段。十個主題句如果不加以進一步的整理，很難在短時間里看出全文的主旨。分段是整理多段落文章的一個很實用的方法。議論文分段要考慮論點、論據和論證，文章主要由提出問題（what）、分析問題(why)、和解決問題(how)幾個部分構成這些因素。這篇文章根據提出問題（what）、分析問題(why)、和解決問題(how)等三個因素大體可以分成三大段，第一段包括①②自然段，提出問題，即盡力取悅顧客是很多公司保住或增加市場份額的方法，並講述了原因；第二大段包括③④自然段，分析問題，即照顧好客人在出現電話和網路等購物方式時面臨的新挑戰；第三大段包括⑤-⑩自然段，解決問題，即在取悅顧客的多種方法中，特別要注意一項原則「許諾越多，失望的幾率就越大，不要輕易許諾」。文章用了六個自然段放在解決問題這一塊，用意非常明顯。文章的主題應該是：現在，面臨新的挑戰，取悅顧客依然是好的經營策略，但具體使用不同方法時一定要注意一項原則「許諾越多，失望的幾率就就越大，不要輕易許諾」，這樣，才能真正實現取悅顧客的經營策略。 55. Which of the following is conveyed in this article? A. Face-to-face service creates comfortable feelings among customers. B. Companies that promise more will naturally attract more customers. C. A company should promise less but do more in a competitive market. D. Customer delight is more important for airlines than for banks. 所以，該考題答案應選擇C。 例題二、20011年高考題江蘇卷閱讀理解A篇①We know the famous ones—the Thomas Edisons and the Alexander Graham Bells —but what about the less famous inventors? What about the people who invented the traffic light and the windshield wiper(雨刮器)？Shouldn』t we know who they are?②Joan Mclean think so. In fact, Mclean, a professor of physics at Mountain University in Range, feels so strongly about this matter that she』s developed a course on the topic. In addition to learning 「who」 invented 」what」, however, Mclean also likes her students to learn the answers to the」 why」 and 」how」 questions. According to Mclean,」 When students learn the answers to these questions, they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more motivated to give inventing a try.」③Her students agree. One young man with a patent for an unbreakable umbrella is walking proof of McLean』s statement. 「If I had not heard the story of the windshield wiper』s invention,」 said Tommy Lee, a senior physics major, 「 I never would have dreamed of turning my bad experience ring a rainstorm into something so constructive. 「 Lee is currently negotiating to see his patent to an umbrella procer.④So, just what is the story behind the windshield wiper? Well, Mary Anderson came up with the idea in 1902 after a visit to Mew York City. The day was cold and stormy, but Anderson still wanted to see the sights ,so she jumped aboard a streetcar. Noticing that the driver was struggling to see through the snow covering the windshield, she found herself wondering why there couldn』t be a built-in device for cleaning the window. Still wondering about this when she returned home to Birmingham, Alabama, Anderson started drafting out solutions. One of her ideas, a lever(操作桿)on the inside of a vehicle that would control an arm on the outside, became the first windshield wiper. ⑤Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations，It』s hard to imagine driving without Garrett A. Morgan』s traffic light. It』s equally impossible to picture a world without Katherine J.Blodgett』s innovation that makes glass invisible, Can you picture life without clear windows and eyeglasses? 這篇文章在分析過程中有一點曲折之處，這要特別注意。其中①④⑤三個自然段能構成一個完整主題即「我們也應該去了解那些不知名的發明家，因為他們的發明是我們從中受益 」。而且，①、⑤兩段正好是文章的開頭段和結尾段，是我們通常認為的最重要的兩個段落。所以這個主題很容易被誤解成這樣。但是，如果考慮分段，就會發現一個矛盾，若按這樣的主題，那②、③自然段，主旨是「老師Joan McLean和她的學生都認為要開關於不知名的發明家的課程」，放在文章的中間是不是有點問題？而且這個文章主旨顯然沒有包括②、③自然段。所以，這篇文章要重新考慮-----文章的開頭段應是引出話題，然後進入正文，說要開Invention Courses這種課程，④、⑤自然段則是解釋為什麼開這種的課的原因。 59. Which of the following can best serve as the title of this passage? A How to Help Students to Sell Their Inventions to Procers? B How to Design a Built-in Device for Cleaning the Window? C Shouldn』t We Know Who Invented the Windshield Wiper? D Shouldn』t We Develop Invention Courses in Universities? 文章的主旨的我們為什麼要開Invention Courses，所以，該考題答案為D。 方法3：找出內在的聯系線索。 例題一、2011年高考題安徽卷閱讀理解B篇 Think about the different ways that people use the wind . You can use it to fly a kite or to sail a boat . Wind is one of our cleanest and richest power source(來源), as well as one of the oldest . Evidence shows that windmills(風車) began to be used in ancient Iran back in the seventh century BC . They were first introced to Europe ring the 1100s, when armies returned from the Middle East with knowledge of using wind power. For many centuries, people used windmills to grind(磨碎) wheat into flour or pump water from deep underground . When electricity was discovered in the late 1800s, people living in remote areas began to use them to proce electricity. This allowed them to have electric lights and radio. However, by the1940s when electricity was available to people in almost all areas of the United States, windmills were rarely used. During the 1970s, people started becoming concerned about the pollution that is created when coal and gas are burned to proce electricity . People also realized that the supply of coal and gas would not last forever . Then, wind was rediscovered , though it means higher coasts. Today , there is a global movement to supply more and more of our electricity through the use of wind. 文章共三段，第一段主旨是風能不僅僅是最干凈豐富的資源還是最古老的能源之一；第二自然段的主旨是幾個世紀以來，人們都使用風能，但在上世紀40年代，由於電力的發明，風能很少被利用；第三自然段的主旨是今天，全球都有利用風能發電的傾向。不要孤立每一段落，將三個主旨聯系起來就可以看出文章在敘述風能利用的發展史。 63.What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows? A. The advantage of wind power. B. The design of wind power plants. C. The worldwide movement to save energy. D. The global trend towards procing power from wind. 後面作者會寫什麼？當然還是風能發展。所以該題答案為D. 在理解英文文章主旨中，靈活運用我們在學習語文中理解文章主旨的方法會有很多益處。首先，思維上輕車熟路，這會加快分析英文文章的速度；其次，加強了學生對文章重點涉及的問題的記憶。當學生回去尋找答案時，速度會更為迅速。再次，強化了學生的閱讀記憶能力。這為提高了閱讀速度和閱讀質量打下了堅實的基礎。我們知道，對語言文字的過度推理會引起了理解力的減弱。正如熊學亮先生（1999）所說的，「認知的加倍投入並不等於加倍的獲得信息」。 高考閱讀理解題中關於文章主旨題的提問角度也是在檢查和督促學生將語文學科中獲得的掌握主旨方法運用到英語學科中的知識遷移過程。 所以無論是從提高自身的英文閱讀理解能力上說，還是從提高應試能力上說，掌握這些方法都是很有必要的。

2. 如何掌握英文文章的主旨

語文和英語兩門學科都是關於語言學習的,在掌握文章主旨的方法上有許多相同和相通之處.但盡管如此,不是每個學生都能順利地進行知識遷移,用我們的母語經驗去幫助掌握英文文章的主旨.本文將列舉五個典型案例來探究如何掌握英文文章的主旨常用的方法.關鍵詞：知識遷移 ,母語經驗, 英文文章的主旨, 常用方法 在閱讀任何一篇英文短文時,第一件要思考的事就是了解文章大意.英文短文有明顯的特點,那就是每一自然段的開頭或結尾句就是該段的主題句.可以說,絕大多數學生都知道這一特點,卻依舊無法准確的理解文章主旨.為什麼?因為了解這一特點僅僅是掌握文章主旨的初始階段,如何能將主題句有機地聯系在一起才是知識遷移的關鍵階段——即用語文學科中掌握主旨的知識去指導掌握英文文章主旨. 方法1：重視第一自然段的作用.第一自然段主要有兩個作用：第一：拋磚引玉,引出下文；第二：總括全文,即文章主旨段落. 例題一、2006年高考題重慶卷閱讀C篇When a Swedish ship that sank in 1628 was recovered from the port of Stockholm, historians and scientists were overjoyed with the chance to examine the remains of the past. The ship construction showed how ships were built and operated ring the seventeenth century. In this way, artifacts ,objects made by human beings, provided a picture of daily life almost 400 years ago.
Underwaterarchaeology-the study of ships, aircraft and human settlements that have sunk under large bodies of water-is really a proct of the last 50 years. The rapid growth of this new area of study has occurred because of the invention of better diving equipment .Besides the Swedish ship wreck(殘骸）,underwater archaeologists have made more exciting discoveries such as the 5000-year-old boats in the Mediterranean Sea.
Underwater archaeology can provide facts abut the past. In ancient ports all over the world are ships sunken in the past 6,000 years. There are also sunken settlements in seas and lakes telling of peoples way of life and their systems of trade in ancient times. Underwater archaeologists want to study these objects to add to the world's knowledge of history, but they have to fight two enemies. One enemy is treasure hunters who dive for ancient artifacts that they can sell to collectors. Once sold, these objects are lost to experts. The second enemy is dredging machines(挖掘機）often used to repair ports. These machines destroy wrecks and artifacts or bury them deeper under sand and mud. By teaching the public about the importance of underwater 「museums」 of the past, archaeologists are hoping to get support for laws to protect underwater treasures. 全文共三段,第一自然段講了發現了一艘1628的沉船,歷史學家和科學家們歡呼雀躍有機會了解過去的遺跡

3. 英語閱讀理解技巧主旨

英語閱讀理解技巧主旨

主旨大意題主要是測試考生對一篇文章或一段文字的深層理解程度及在速讀中准確把握文章主旨大意的能力。下面我給大家整理有關英語閱讀理解主旨大意題的解題技巧，歡迎大家閱讀學習!

【主旨大意題解題技巧】

主旨大意題主要是測試考生對一篇文章或一段文字的深層理解程度及在速讀中准確把握文章主旨大意的能力。一般針對某一語段或某一語篇的主題標題或目的設題。

常見的設題方式有:

1 標題類常見的標題型題干

1)The best title/ headline for this passage might be_____________.

2)The text (passage) could be entitled ______________.

3)What is the best title for the passage?

4)Which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage?

2 大意類常見的主題型題干

5) This passage chiefly deals with____________.

6) What‘s the topic of the article?

7) What is the subject discussed in the text?

8) With what topic is the passage chiefly concerned?

3 目的主旨大意題

The author‘s main purpose in writing the passage is______. The passage is meant to _____ The purpose of this article is _______

這類題通常圍繞一個中心思想展開。不少文章一開頭便展示出文章的中心思想。第一段常常是內容的梗概，同時又表達了中心思想，但是不少文章的中心思想貫穿全文，並沒有用一句話明確表達出來。這就要求學生學會歸納概括。每個段落往往也由一個主題句或幾個陳述句構成，它們在句中的位置不同，有時在開頭,首先點明本段大意; 有時在結尾, 總結本段大意。

做這類題，首先要找出文章的主題句。找出文章的主題句，也就明確了文章要講什麼，再通過速讀全文，就可以把握文章的中心思想了。另外在許多文段中，沒有可以概括全段意義的主題句，必須根據文章中所提供的事實細節，進行全面分析，然後歸納成一般概念。但必須注意，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括時過於寬泛，要恰如其分。

A.主題句呈現的形式

1?文首開門見山, 提出主題, 隨之用細節來解釋, 支撐或發展主題句所表達的主題思想. 最常見的演繹法寫作方式. 例1.The panda is a popular animal. Stories about the panda in the Washington Zoo are always front page news and important features on television newscasts. Stuffed pandas are among the most popular toys for children, and panda postcards are always in demand in zoo gift shops.

例2.Today the problem of environment has become more and more serious. The world population is rising, so quickly that the world has become too crowded. We are using up our natural resources too quickly and at the same time we are polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals. If we continue to do this, human life on earth will not survive.

2).文尾?在表述細節後, 歸納要點, 印象, 結論建議或結果, 以概括主題. 這是英語中最常見的歸納法寫作方式

3).文中通常前面只提出問題， 文中的主題由隨之陳述的細節或合乎邏輯的引申在文中導出, 而後又作進一步的解釋, 支撐或發展.

例4.Nothing is as useful as a flashlight in a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand a camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.

4).首尾呼應?為突出主題, 作者先提出主題, 結尾時再次點出主題, 這種首尾呼應的'寫作方式較為多見. 但前後表述主題的句子不是簡單的重復, 後面的表述往往有進一步的引申或發展的意味。

例5.?首段?Shu Pulong has helped at least 1000 people bitten by snakes, “ It was seeing people with snakes bites that led me to the career.“she said„

?尾段?“The sad story touched me so much that I decided to devote myself to helping people bitten by snakes.‖Shu said.

5).無主題句?即主題句隱含在全文中, 沒有明確的主題句. 必須根據文篇中所提供的事實細節?進行全面考慮?綜合分析?然後找出共同的東西?歸納成一般概念。必須注意的是?既不能以偏概全?也不能在概括時過於寬泛?要恰如其分。

例6.Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the University of Paris and decided to leave his graation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.

Q: What is the main idea of the passage? ????

A. How Joshua Bingham became a lawyer. B. Bingham is a diligent student.

C. Joshua Bingham received an excellent ecation. D. A good lawyer needs good ecation.

[分析]此文沒有主題句。全篇共四句?只陳述了四個細節(detail)性的事實。因此就答案本身看?個個都對。讀者只能將所有的details綜合起來?進行邏輯推理?才能構成一個沒有言明的主題思想(unstated main idea)。由於文中主要涉及了Joshua Bingham接受教育的情況?即作者想告訴我們的是?Joshua Bingham接受過良好的教育?所以答案是 ?

除了以上主題句呈現的常見形式外還要注意標志詞 文章或段落的主題句常常會出現在一些標志性的提示後。如?on the whole, as a result, in short, therefore, thus„..I agree with the opinion that„.;Given all these points above, I would support the idea that„.; For all the reasons mentioned above, I would prefer„.

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4. 英語閱讀理解主旨大意解題技巧

英語閱讀理解主旨大意解題技巧

主旨大意題是高考閱讀理解的主要題型之一， 旨在考查考生對鍛煉大意或者文章中心思想的把握和歸納能力。此類題數量較大，在15個題中約佔3-4個。下面就跟著我一起來詳細了解一下主旨大意題的解題技巧吧!

◆主旨大意題的分類

⑴從考查對象上劃分，主旨大意題可分為兩種

①篇章主旨：針對全文的主題進行提問。主題句出現在首段的居多，其次是末段或為幾段主題的綜

②段落主旨：針對某一段或幾段的主題提問。主題句可能是段落的首句、末句，也可能需要從上下文中尋找或總結。

⑵從考查內容上劃分，主旨大意題可分為三種

①主題類(內容)，考查文章或段落的主旨大意;

②目的類，考查文章或段落的寫作目的;

③標題類，要求考生選出文章的最佳標題。

◆設問特點：

1. 考查全文主旨或段落大意。

2. 正確選項概況范圍大小恰當，主旨判斷准確。

3. 錯誤選項的特點常常是太大、太窄或者偏離主題，主觀臆斷。

4. 常以main idea, best idea, subject, mainly discuss 等詞提問。

◆常考問題：

1). 中心思想類

The main point /idea of the passage is…

The passage is mai nly about…

The passage mainly discusses…

The last but one paragraph is chiefly concerned with…?

Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?

2).標題類

Which of the following is the best title of the passage?

The best title for the passage would be …

3).目的類

The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is to …

The passage is meant to ….

In writing this passage, the author mainly intends to…

【技巧點撥】

1. 尋找主題句:

抓住段落或文章主題的捷徑之一就是在段落或文章中尋找主題句。主題句是指能表達或概況段落主題或文章主要內容的句子， 通常是一個簡潔、完整、具有概況性的句子，較多出現在說明文和議論文中，而其他句子則圍繞著主題句展開進行說明解釋或擴展。

主題句在文中的位置:

1)開門見山：提出主題----細節支撐闡明主題

2)段末點睛：細節描述----歸納要點---概括主題

3)段中點旨：細節描述---歸納主題---進一步解釋

4)無主題句:考生需根據文章中所敘述的事實或提供的線索來概括和總結文章的大意

2. 捕捉關鍵詞：

略讀是概括和歸納文章或段落大意的基本方法。略讀時要快，把注意力集中在關鍵詞(即實詞)上，非關鍵詞(即虛詞)則一帶而過。注意出現頻率高的詞可能是蘊涵中心思想的關鍵詞，分析歸納篩選出最能表達主旨或這這意圖 的`關鍵詞，繼而確定文章的主旨大意。

3. 仔細推敲選項：

1)主旨大意題的干擾項的特點有：

①以偏概全：只闡述了文章的部分內容，也就是文章的局部信息;

②無中生有或似是而非：有的干擾項中的關鍵詞語好像在文章中談到了，但認真分析之後你會發現這類干擾項的內容與文章的內容毫無聯系。

③主題擴大：歸納概括的范圍過大，超過文章實際討論的內容;

④張冠李戴：命題者有意地把屬於A的特徵放在B的身上，構成一個干擾項。在我們不注意的情況下，會造成錯選答案。

2)主旨大意題的正確選項特徵

①含有抽象名詞和概括性詞語的選項往往是正確答案;

②較全面、有針對性地表達文章中心思想的選項一般是答案項。

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5. 英語閱讀題主旨大意題解題技巧

英語閱讀題主旨大意題解題技巧

由於大綱要求讀懂議論文和說明文，而真正的考研當中大概95%都是議論文，而考議論文的話，最重要的就是考議論文最具有標志性的東西，也就是說議論文主要考的就是論點和論據，那論點表現在題目上最有標志性的就是主旨大意題。很多同學反應文章的主旨比較難抓，那我從文章的結構入手，旨在給學生梳理清楚!

【英語閱讀題主旨大意題解題技巧】

(一)主旨大意題的命題規律

1.從考查的對象上劃分，主旨大意題可分為兩種：

(1)篇章主旨：針對全文的主題進行提問。主題句出現在首段的居多，其次是末段或為幾段主題的綜合。

(2)段落主旨：針對某一段或幾段的主題提問。主題句可能是段落的首句、末句，也可能不在此(幾)句，需要從上下文中尋找或總結。

2.從考查的內容上劃分，還可分為主題類(內容)(考查文章或段落的主旨大意)、目的類(考查文章或段落的寫作目的)和標題類(要求考生選出文章的最佳標題)三種。

主旨大意題經常用main idea, main point, key point, maintopic, mainly discuss, mainly explain, is mainly about; purpose; best title等詞語來表達。

(二)主旨大意題的常考點

1.段首、段尾句常考：段首、段尾句一般表達了文章的.中心思想，或者就是該段的主題句，對全文或全段起著提綱挈領的作用。

2.語義轉折處常考：尤其是段首的語義轉折，其後面往往是作者真實的寫作目的或基本觀點，即文章的中心思想所在。

3.因果句常考：因果句通常可以表現出作者的意圖、觀點甚至全文的主題，因此成為考點。

(三)主旨大意題的7招技巧

一篇文章的主旨往往會在文章的第一段或開頭部分找到。作者會通過“首段提問法”、“轉移重心法”、“獨句段開頭”、“類比開頭”、“事例開頭法”等約定俗稱的方式暗示或引入主題。因此，解答主旨題時，大家要首先重點研讀文章第一段和第二段的段首句。

1. 首段提問法

如果文章第一段的第一句話、最後一句話或者第二段第一句是一個疑問句，那麼本文的主旨就很可能是對該問題的一個解答。在這里同學一定要注意的一點就是並列問句不是主旨。

2. 喜新厭舊類

如果文章第一段先描述一件事情，然後在本段或第二段首句出現轉折詞，進而表述另一件事情，那麼本文主旨就是轉折詞之後的另一件事。這類題目多會考的一種題型是寫作意圖題。

3. 事例開頭類

如果文章開頭引用、敘述個人經歷、講述故事、描寫一起事故等方式舉例。其目的顯然是要通過舉例的方法引出文章主題。通常情況下，這類文章的主題都會在首段末句或第二段的首句。

4. 類比開頭法

如果一篇文章開頭或第一段涉及一項內容A，隨後或者第二段開頭用到“Now the same thing is happening to B”等表示類比的句型，那麼，這時可以確定本文主旨是B內容。

5. 獨句段法

如果一篇文章的第一段是一句話，那麼本文的主旨就是本句話所表達的內容。

6. 大眾觀點法

如果作者在文章的開頭引用大眾的或他人的觀點，其目的顯然是要通過大眾或他人引出自己的觀點。通常情況下，這類文章的主題會在表述大眾觀點或他人觀點的句子之後。

7. 各段分述法

有些文章的第一段可能並沒有採用上述方法來引入主題，這時可以考慮本篇文章是否採用了“各段分述，圍繞主題”的方法。

總而言之，主旨類題在考研英語閱讀理解中占據著相當重要的位置，能否正確理解文章主旨，對於作對閱讀題具有絕對的指導性意義。而且，尤為關鍵的是，掌握了文章的主旨，對於其他題目的選擇有著相當強的指導作用。

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6. 高考英語閱讀理解主旨大意題解題技巧

高考英語閱讀理解主旨大意題解題技巧

導語：高考復習的重點一是要掌握所有的知識點，二就是要大量的做題，以下是我為大家精心整理的高考英語閱讀理解主旨大意題解題技巧，歡迎大家參考！

閱讀理解之主旨大意題

我們閱讀一篇文章， 首先是要了解其大意， 明確其主旨。因此， 主旨大意題是常考題。主旨大意題包括：主要內容(main idea, mainly about)型、文章標題(title)型、寫作目的(purpose)型。廣東高考近幾年來考查過的題目中mainly about只考過4題，title題考了5題， purpose題考了5題。

解題技巧

1.弄清文章的大意， 關鍵是找到主題句。

主題句的位置：主題句通常在文首、文末或首尾呼應， 有時也在文中，或沒有主題句，需根據文章所述內容進行歸納。各段的主題句也常在該段的首句或尾句。議論文和說明文一般有主題句，但記敘文通常沒有主題句，需要歸納。

2.找主題句的方法：用瀏覽法(skimming)，即

快速閱讀文首、文尾，或每段的首句和尾句等，搜索主題線索和主題信息。找主題句的四個小竅門：

(1)段落中出現表轉折的詞語(如however, but, in fact, actually等)時， 該句很可能是主題句。

(2)首段出現疑問句時， 對該問題的回答很可能就是文章主旨。

(3)作者有意識地反復重復的觀點，通常是主旨;反復出現的詞語，一般為體現文章主旨的關鍵詞。

(4)表示總結或結論的話常有therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion等。

3.關於干擾項和正確答案。

(1)干擾項可能屬文中某個具體事實或細節;可能屬文中某些 (不完全的)事實或細節片面推出的錯誤結論;可能屬非文章事實的主觀臆斷。

(2)正確答案：是根據文章意思全面理解而歸納概括出來的;但不能太籠統、言過其實或以偏概全。

4.在閱讀理解中，主旨大意題常有以下幾種命題方式： (1)Main idea型：選擇項多為陳述句，要求考生選擇表達作者思想或觀點的.句子。題干多為如下形式：

①What's the main idea/point of the passage?

②The passage is mainly about________.

③The passage is mainly concerned about________.

④Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?

⑤Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea/theme of the passage?

⑥In this passage the author discusses primarily______.

⑦The subject discussed in this text is________.

⑧The general/main idea of the passage is about________.

(2)Main purpose型：選擇項多為動賓結構，要求考生找到主要的寫作目的，常見以下幾種題干形式：

①What's the purpose of the passage?

②The passage is meant to________.

③The purpose of the article is to________.

④In this passage the writer tries to tell us that________.

⑤The passage tells us that________.

⑥The author's main purpose in writing the passage is to ...

(3)標題型：選擇文章標題是另一類對主旨大意題考查的形式，命題形式：

①The best title of the passage is________.

②Which of the following is the best title of the passage?

③The best title for the passage is________.

④The most appropriate title of the passage is________.

In the animal kingdom, weakness can bring about aggression in other animal. This sometimes happens with humans also. But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people. I see it every day when people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat. And I have discovered that it makes them happy.

典型例析

From my wheelchair experience, I see the best in people...Often, we try every way possible to avoid showing our weakness...But only when we stop

pretending we're brave or strong do we allow people to show the kindness that's in them.

30.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

A.A Wheelchair Experience.

B.Weakness and Kindness.

C.Weakness and Strength.

D.A Driving Experience

解析：主旨大意題。在第一段中，出現了表轉折的But...可知，「But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people」便是主題句，再根據第二段最後一句可以確定，這句的確是主題句。又因標題要簡明、醒目，故選B。

答案：B

In a world with limited land, water and other natural resources (資源), the harm from the traditional business model is on the rise. Actually, the past decade has seen more and more forests disappearing and globe becoming increasingly warm. People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable (可持續的)ways. That means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable

procts.In other words, we should keep the earth healthy while using its supply of natural resources.

Today, sustainable development is a proper trend in many countries....In recent years the markets for sustainable procts have grown by more than 50%.

45.What is the main purpose of the passage?

A.To introce a new business model.

B.To compare two business models.

C.To predict a change of the global market.

D.To advocate sustainable development.

解析：主旨大意題。在第一段中，出現了轉折的Actually，其後的「People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed，and that we must be able to develop in sustainable(可持續的)ways」是主題句，隨後的兩句話都是對這一句進

行解釋;句中兩個must清楚表明了作者「提倡可持續發展」，第二段首句「Today，sustainable development is a proper trend in many countries」進一步說明，作者寫這篇文章的主要目的是「提倡可持續發展」。故選D。

答案：D

Although the use of the expression is an insincere, meaningless social custom at times, there is nothing wrong with the sentence except that it is little uninteresting. The salesgirl, the waitress, the teacher, and all the countless others who speak it without thinking may not really care about my day. But in a strange and comfortable way, it's nice to know they care enough to pretend they care when they really don't care all that much. While the expression may not often

be sincere, it is always spoken. The point is that people say it all the time when they like.

30.What is the best title of the passage?

A.Have a Nice Day — a Social Custom

B.Have a Nice Day — a Pleasant Gesture

C.Have a Nice Day — a Heartwarming Greeting

D.Have a Nice Day — a Polite Ending of a Conversation

解析：主旨大意題。由該段的第一句(特別是custom一詞)可知。

答案：A

(2013年高考)Imagination and fantasy can play an important role in achieving the things we fear.Children know this very well. Fred Epstein，in his book If I Make It to Five，tells a story he heard from one of friends about Tom，a fouryearold boy with a cancer in his back bone.He came through several operations and a lot of pain by mastering his imagination

…

It doesn't mean that you should dress as a superhero for you next job interview. But，next time you are tested in a way that seems impossible, imagine what it would take to overcome it. Become the person you need to become to win over your challenge and do it in your mind first. So，let your imagination run wild，and dare to dream.

30.What is the purpose of the passage?

A.To tell us an interesting story.

B.To help us make right decisions.

C.To advise us to care about children.

D.To encourage us to use our imagination.

解析：主旨大意題。由文章首句Imagination and fantasy can play an important role in achieving the things we fear和全文末句So, let your imagination run wild, and dare to dream可知，作者寫這篇文章的目的是鼓勵我們運用我們的想像力。

答案：D

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7. 英語如何提煉主旨大意

1由點到面，構建知識網路
對所學的知識點分步地進行梳理、歸納和總結，理清知識回脈絡。從一個簡單的語法點答或一個核心句型開始延伸，理清它們的變化形式、變化規律以及與時態、語態等的關聯。所謂由點到面，構建知識網路。
2由面到點，加深記憶，查漏補缺
回歸課本，查缺補漏，打好基礎。以單元為單位展開復習，回憶每單元所學的主要內容，包括核心單詞、重點句型和語法，以及需要掌握的對話等。回憶時要有框架，由面到點，比如先通過目錄頁回憶每個單元的話題，然後再回憶細化的知識點。
3聚焦重難點，鞏固易錯點
對每單元中的重點內容（詞彙、句型和語法）和在練習中易錯的點作進一步的復習，解決重點、難點和疑點，加深理解。多看錯題本，攻克錯題。
4經典題目自測，檢驗復習效果
對復習效果進行檢測，會產生成就感或緊張感，從而自覺主動地去學習，同時可以及時調整復習方法。在復習完成時，選取一定數量的題目進行檢測非常有必要。多做典型題，摸清規律，學會舉一反三，但不提倡題海戰術。
想要考個好成績，除了熟練掌握單詞、語法、句型，還要有正確的答題技巧

8. 考研英語閱讀如何找到主旨句

首先，看問句：如果文章以問句開頭(並列問句不算)，那麼問句就是文章議論的中心話題，找到問題的答案就是我們閱讀文章的目的，找到答案了，這篇文章的中心主旨就明確了。而問題的答案要麼出現在二段，要麼出現在尾段，而且問答的答案應該是具有總結性概括性的句子。例如1996年第四篇閱讀理解，文章以問句What accounts for the great outburst of major inventions in early America -- breakthroughs such as the telegraph, the steamboat and the weaving machine?開篇，本文討論的就是美國早期重要發明爆發的原因，而且在文章的二段，作者就給出了問題的答案，即Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the country’s excellent elementary schools; a labor force that welcomed the new technology; the practice of giving premiums to inventors; and above all the American genius for nonverbal, “spatial” thinking about things technological.在接下來的段落里，作者分別論述了每一個原因。這篇文章的整體結構一目瞭然。

其次，看轉折：我們都知道轉折後面比轉折前面的內容更重要，所以，如果文章開頭(首段及二段首)提出某個論點，而後面緊跟著出現了轉折內容，那麼轉折後內容才是文章的主旨。例如2003年第四篇閱讀理解首段首句指出It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional.此句表明，美國的醫療水平很高，死亡在美國是可以選擇的，而且從第二句開始就舉各種實例力證美國的醫療水平到底有多高，但是在首段尾句，作者話鋒一轉，又說But not even a great health-care system can cure death -- and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours.而且在二段首句也表明Death is normal;這就表明，這篇文章並不是要去歌頌贊揚美國高超的醫療水平的，而是要告訴我們，無論多麼偉大的醫療體系都不能治癒死亡，我們要面對這個現實，死亡是正常的。本文的主旨句是首段尾句的轉折句。

再次，看例子，俗語或者名人名言，文章開篇如果就舉例子，那麼一定是拋磚引玉，例子就是為了引出文章主旨的，同樣，如果文章以名言開篇，也是一樣。文章主旨句即例子、俗語或名言後面那一句話。例如2008年第三篇閱讀理解，首段以NBA球員張伯倫的身高的例子開篇In the early 1960s, Wilt Chamberlain was one of the only three players in the National Basketball Association (NBA) listed at over seven feet. If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42…一直到段末結束，都在舉例，二段首出現The trend in sports, though, may be obscuring an unrecognized reality: Americans have generally stopped growing.二段首句即首段例子結束後的那一句主旨句，這一句不僅是例子結束後那一句，而且還是一句表讓步轉折的句子，所以一定是文章主旨句，體育界的這種趨勢正在掩蓋一個不為人知的事實：即美國人已經停止生長了。

最後，如果文章開頭沒有問句，轉折，例子，俗語和名言，那麼文章的主旨句往往就是首段首句，因為西方人的寫作方式及思維方式多是開門見山型的，所以一般首段首句就會交代中心論點，後面再舉例論證。例如2003年第三篇閱讀理解，文章開頭部分並沒有我們前面所說的問句轉折等內容，而是再首段首句直接拋出討論的話題In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into supersystems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly.即近些年來，鐵路公司的不斷合並引起了人們對壟斷的普遍擔憂。