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江蘇高考英語閱讀理解特點

發布時間: 2023-07-11 04:39:56

⑴ 2019江蘇高考英語任務型閱讀

江蘇這種任務型閱讀題型屬於概括填空題,也就是對原文篇章結構信息概括,取空多為關鍵要考查的信息詞,這種題型和四選一的完形填空還不一樣,這個沒有備選,而且是原文很多信息的paraphrase ,所以不一定是取空處一定 確切對應原文哪個信息。19年高考這篇任務文本設計的比較揉雜。因為原文敘述不好總結出欄目式且兩欄三欄這樣的層次分明的特徵性的信息。

原文從標題開始引出作者想要表達的信息——the cost of thinking ,這個標題所要表達的就是,人類intelligence 進化所經歷的痛苦和艱難歷程。

第一段,提出問題。這個基本符合寫作規律,整體也是表層概括。取空比較套路,且原文原詞就可以提示填寫,這樣的概括填空的命題效度是很低的。此空原則上並非僅僅局限於characteristics ,而與之相關的其他詞彙都可以,或者還有更好的表達法。我稱它開放空。

接下來第二段,介紹第一個特徵,且給出了細節描述,但是重點在於段末的轉折句unfortunately ,that』s not the case 。語義否定了之前的描述——……brain power more must be better 。

接下來,第三段圍繞大腦在人類進行各種活動中的能量耗費,此處把進化後的人類大腦和和類人猿的大腦能量消耗,以及把人類大腦所佔身體總重的比例等進行對比,旨在突出大腦在進化過程當中的負重和承擔的責任,呼應標題cost。此處取空energy,也是隨處可見的同詞復現。好的歸納總結和paraphrase 一定會有更好的地道的表達。接下來繼續介紹了early large brains 所承擔的cost,具體見原文敘述。

下面一段並列前面的characteristic 1提出characteristic 2——關於直立行走。一些具體細節信息的描述,等同於生物課上老師的講義。所以讀懂英語就可以了。或者能夠完全翻譯過來,這部分就不難理解。74空取空又是套路空,答案也是類似的詞彙填寫上都不能算錯誤。75空不看原文,也可以填寫幾個合適的詞彙。76空比較特殊,它屬於命題人主觀定論一類的,也就是,我出題,就想讓你填other,那你就填好了,否則,木有分數啊……。77空,很有爭議的一個空,假如拋開原文,直立行走的進化過程是大腦隨著身體能量和技能需求而在size上變小的一個過程,一個關鍵思維信息點是此處的大腦指的是它的「大小」變化,不是它的智力程度進化,文中信息也表明在漫長的直立行走進化過程中,因為人體骨骼等所能夠承受的重量和功能等原因,在直立行走前所需承重相對較小,直立行走後最初人體需要承重更大的大腦重量和消耗更多大腦所需能量,慢慢的人類形態和生理發生演化,祖先的extra large skull 逐漸變小,注意,這里用詞skull ,所以事實上,所要強調的是直立行走後人類大腦變得越來越小,這個詞相關的表達應該都是對的,至於答案給的limit原理同上面的other。最後一段,原文作者給出了比較含蓄的conclusion ,同時呼應文章標題,側重cost。直白來說brain is powerful ,physically weak。且這個過程是一個漫長而並不愉快(根據本文寫作基調)的過程。

原本想寫個針對此題的命題總結,省略了吧。其實本分析,精力允許,應該可以做出幾倍於此的內容來。至於市面上很多的試題數據信息統計和歸類,個人並不看好,數據和歸類往往是科學的研究方法,一旦使用就是可靠依據,可是哪些會是原理上可靠的呢?還有就是此題型改改名字吧,不倫不類,雲里霧里的名字。

⑵ 2019年江蘇高考英語試卷試題及答案解析(WORD文字版)

高考英語卷進行評析。閱卷專家們認為,江蘇高考英語卷緊扣高中英語課程標準的教學要求,對考生在英語聽力、詞彙、語法、英語知識綜合應用、閱讀理解、書面表達等知識和能力進行了全面、深入的考察。

任務型閱讀要求結合心理學分析新聞受眾反應

第一部分的聽力理解繼續採用對話和獨白等呈現方式,強調考生在常見語境中理解英語對話意義的能力,需要考生迅速建立話語交際的語境概念,分析講話人的意圖和含義,考察形式有細節信息、語音辨析、意圖推測、結論判斷等題型。

第二部分的英語知識運用包括單項填空和完型填空題,在題型和題量方面繼續了近年的風格,覆蓋高中階段課程標準的教學重點和難點。完形填空的文章內容理解較為容易,但選項部分仍需要認真思考才能准確作答。

第三部分閱讀理解部分的第一篇文章為配圖的應用文體,內容涉及遊客須知等旅遊信息,第二篇為涉及舊的電子產品等工業廢棄物與環保的關系,第三篇為涉及志願者服務的動機分析文章,第四篇為關於「自由」與「責任」的議論文,題量分別為2、3、4、6。

任務型閱讀的文章結合弗洛伊德心理學理論,分析了不同人群對新聞報道的接受習慣和反應特徵,從新聞類別、讀者反應、異類互滲等角度考察了考生在信息檢索、內容歸納、語言結構等方面的知識與能力。

書面表達部分屬於給材料作文的類型,提供了文字和圖表相結合的三份材料,要求考生在概要敘述材料的基礎上,分析導致交通問題的主要原因,並從社會規范和個人行為兩方面討論得到的啟示。

凸顯對考生思維能力和交往能力的考查

2015江蘇高考英語卷體現了近年來鼓勵學生擴大以英語為載體的知識面的導向性特徵,繼續突顯了對外語思維能力和交際能力的考察,具體題型也呈現出改革和創新的特點。試卷第27題涉及到我國正在實施的「一帶一路」國家戰略,第29題涉及知名足球明星「C羅」,體現出英語教學與考生實際生活之間的關聯。

書面表達延續了去年開始出現的新題型,總字數要求不變,但是增加了概要寫作的任務,還凸顯了考生分析材料和理解圖表信息的能力,寫作便於考生寫出緊扣主題的個性化內容。

⑶ 2020年 高考英語 江蘇卷 閱讀理解精析

B

    Sometimes it's hard to let go 放手 . For many British people, that can apply to 應用於 institutions and objects that represent their country's past — age-old 古老的 castles,  splendid華麗的  homes ... and red phone boxes 紅色電話亭 .

    Beaten first by the march of (the march of sth ...的穩步發展)  technology and lately by the terrible weather in junkyards (廢品場) , the phone boxes representative of(be representative of sth/sb 典型的;有代表性的)  an age are now making something of a comeback 再度流行 . Adapted in imaginative ways, many have reappeared on city streets and village greens housing tiny cafes, cellphone repair shops, or even defibrillator machines (除顫器).

    The original iron boxes with the round roofs first appeared in 1926. They were designed by Giles Gilbert Scott, the architect 建築師  of the Battersea Power Station in London. After becoming an important part of many British streets, the phone boxes began disappearing in the 1980s, with the rise of the mobile phone sending most of them away to the junkyards.

    About that time, Tony Inglis' engineering and transport company got the job to remove phone boxes from the streets and sell them out (sell out 售空) . But Inglis ended up(end up doing sth 以...結束) buying hundreds of them himself, with the idea of repairing and selling them. He said that he had heard the calls 聽到召喚  to preserve the boxes and had seen how some of them were listed as historic buildings 歷史性建築 .

    As Inglis and, later other businessmen, got to work, repurposed(repurpose v. 為適應新用途對...稍加修改)  phone boxes began reappearing in cities and villages as people found new uses for them . Today, they are once again 再一次 a familiar sight 熟悉的場景 , playing roles 扮演角色  that are often just as important for the community as their original purpose.

    In rural areas在農村地區, where ambulances救護車 can take a relatively long time to arrive, the phone boxes have taken on 承擔 a lifesaving role. Local organizations can adopt 採用  them for 1 pound, and install安裝  defibrillators to help in emergencies在緊急情況下 .

    Others also looked at the phone boxes and saw business opportunities 看到了商機. LoveFone, a company that advocates提倡  repairing cellphones rather than 而不是 abandoning them, opened a mini- workshop 車間 in a London phone box in 2016.

    The tiny shops made economic sense 有經濟意義 , according to 根據  Robert Kerr, a founder 創始人  of LoveFone. He said that one of the boxes generated around $13,500 in revenue收益 a month and cost only about $400 to rent.

    Inglis said phone boxes called to mind 使想起 an age when things were built to last. "I like what they are to people, and I enjoy bringing things back," he said. (enjoy doing sth )

C

    For those who can stomach (v. 能吃,吃得下)  it, working out(work out 運動,鍛煉)  before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first, according to a study of meal timing  and physical activity .

    Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing affects performance. However, far less has been known about how meal timing and exercise might affect general health 整體健康狀況 .

    To find out, British scientists concted a study 進行了一項研究. They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young men, whose lifestyles are, for better and worse, representative of those of most of us. They tested the men's fitness and resting metabolic (新陳代謝的) rates and took samples (樣品) of their blood and fat tissue 脂肪組織.

    Then, on two separate morning visits to the scientists' lab, each man walked for an hour at an average speed  that, in theory理論上 , should allow his body to rely mainly on 主要依靠  fat for fuel. Before one of these workouts , the men skipped breakfast 不吃早餐 , meaning that they exercised on a completely empty stomach after a long overnight fast (禁食) . On the other occasion, they ate a rich morning meal about two hours before they started walking.

    Just before and an hour after each workout, the scientists took additional samples of the men's blood and fat tissue.

    Then they compared the samples. There were considerable differences 巨大的差異 . Most obviously, the men displayed lower blood sugar levels at the start of 在...的開始  their workouts when they had skipped breakfast than when they had eaten. As a result 結果 , they burned more fat 燃燒更多的脂肪   ring walks on an empty stomach than when they had eaten first. On the other hand 在另一方面 , they burned slightly more calories (卡路里), on average 平均 , ring the workout after breakfast than after fasting.

    But it was the effects deep within the fat cells that may have been the most significant, the researchers found.(強調句式) Multiple genes behaved differently, depending on whether 取決於是否  someone had eaten or not before walking. Many of these genes proce proteins (蛋白質) that can improve blood sugar regulation and insulin (胰島素) levels throughout the body and so are associated with 與...相聯系  improved metabolic health 代謝健康 . These genes were much more active when the men had fasted before exercise than when they had breakfasted.

    The implication應用 of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise, it may be wise to skip eating first.

D

    I was in the middle of the Amazon (亞馬遜) with my wife, who was there as a medical researcher. We flew on a small plane to a faraway village偏遠鄉村 . We did not speak the local language 說本地話 , did not know the customs, and more often than not 常常 , did not entirely recognize the food. We could not have felt more foreign 陌生的 .

    We were raised on books and computers, highways and cell phones, but now we were living in a village without running water自來水 or electricity . It was easy for us to go to sleep at the end of the day feeling a little misunderstood.

    Then one perfect Amazonian evening, with monkeys calling from beyond the village green, we played soccer 踢足球. I am not good at soccer, but that evening it was wonderful. Everyone knew the rules. We all spoke the same language of passes and shots. We understood one another perfectly. As darkness came over the field and the match ended, the goalkeeper 記分員 , Juan, walked over to me and said in a matter-of-fact way 平靜地 , "In your home, do you have a moon too?" I was surprised.

    After I explained to Juan that yes, we did have a moon and yes, it was very similar to 與... 非常相似  his, I felt a sort of awe (敬畏) at the possibilities that existed in his world. In Juan's world, each village could have its own moon. In Juan's world, the unknown and undiscovered was vast and marvelous 令人驚訝的 . Anything was possible.

    In our society 在我們的社會, we know that Earth has only one moon. We have looked at our planet from every angle and found all of the wildest things left to find. I can, from my computer at home, pull up satellite images of Juan's village. There are no more continents and no more moons to search for, little left to discover. At least it seems that way.至少看上去是如此。

    Yet, as I thought about思考 Juan's question, I was not sure how much more we could really rule out 不考慮 . I am, in part 某種程度上 , an ant biologist, so my thoughts turned to what we know about了解 insect life and I knew that much in the world of insects remains unknown . How much, though? How ignorant (無知的) are we? The question of what we know and do not know constantly bothered me 一直困擾著我.

    I began collecting newspaper articles about new species, new monkeys, new spiders..., and on and on 不停地  they appear. My drawer quickly filled. I began a second drawer for more general discoveries: a new cave system discovered with dozens of 許多  nameless species, four hundred species of bacteria found in the human stomach. The second drawer began to fill and as it did, I wondered whether there were bigger discoveries out there, not just species, but the life that depends on things thought to be useless, life even without DNA. I started the third drawer for these big discoveries . It fills more slowly, but all the same 依舊 , it fills.

    In在做...的過程中  looking into the stories of biological discovery, I also began to find something else, a collection of scientists, usually brilliant, occasionally half-mad, who made the discoveries . Those scientists very often see the same things that other scientists see, but they pay more attention to them, and they focus on them to the point of exhaustion (窮盡) , and at the risk of the ridicule 嘲笑 of their peers. In looking for the stories of discovery, I found the stories of these people and how their lives changed our view of the world.

    We are repeatedly willing to (be willing to do sth 願意做某事) imagine we have found most of what is left to discover. We used to (used to do sth 過去常做某事) think that insects were the smallest organisms (生物) and that nothing lived deeper than six hundred meters. Yet, when something new turns up 出現, more often than not , we do not even know its name.

⑷ 為什麼09年江蘇高考英語試卷這么難

(看下面就知道難就難在題量,內容,極其對學生的全面考察···而我們學生只是對英語不靈活什麼的····所以或許會感到難吧~)
一、英語高考試題解讀
1.閱讀理解能力是重點檢查的能力
高考對英語聽說讀寫諸項能力的測試並非均衡對待,而是按照教學大綱的要求,突出了對閱讀能力的測試。這不僅表現在閱讀理解題在試卷中占的比重最大(40分)(含任務型閱讀),還表現在閱讀能力是決定聽力、完形填空(也叫缺詞閱讀)、書面表達和單項填空等題型答題效果的最基本能力。閱讀是學習英語的主要方式,強調對閱讀的檢測也符合我國學生學習英語的規律,閱讀又是獲取較綜合、較復雜、較深刻信息的手段,突出考查閱讀能力是完全正確的。
今年的高考閱讀理解題涉及科普知識、文學作品、留學乘車指南等。閱讀有利於考查考生快速獲取信息、處理信息、分析信息等能力。短文中有少量生詞出現,有的注了中文,有的則需猜測。短文後所附問題可分為四類,即概括主旨大意、推理判斷、詞義辨別以及對文章細節的理解。今年的閱讀部分是學生覺得較難的題型,不要說其它題型,單就完成這幾篇閱讀的任務,沒有大量的閱讀體驗和良好的閱讀能力的確是不可能考出好的成績。
閱讀文章所編的考題考查考生的語言功底和領會文章旨意的能力,考查考生對文章、事件的細節理解,也考查了考生對篇章段意的整體理解,既考查了文章的表層意思,也考查了文章的深層含義。
值得注意是近幾年來,江蘇省一大批教師赴澳大利亞、加拿大進修,所以選材兩篇涉及加拿大(B,D),一篇談澳大利亞(C),而且非常貼近生活、工作、學習。所以,我們以後的選材既要注意運用,又要注意擴大選材面。
2.重視對思維能力和全面文化知識的考核
英語高考,不單單是考英語語言的應用和理解,同時也在考查學生觀察、分析、判斷、綜合、記憶、推理和想像的能力以及全面文化知識的水平。今年的完形填空,以原書面表達題形式變成完形填空。完形填空論述了社區服務(service learning)作為高中畢業生的必備條件的不同觀點及其作者的個人態度,圍繞「中學生參加社區社會實踐活動利與弊的爭議」展開論述,體現了「讀書是學習,實踐也是學習,而且是更重要的學習」這一主題,同時說明了一個道理:主動選擇可以激勵人們產生自由的感覺和責任的意識,作為中學畢業生,必須做出明智的選擇。無論是題材還是體裁,既貼近學生實際,學生又熟悉文章結構,匠心獨具。
因此,學生容易對文章及內容產生認同感。該題目著重考查考生對語意、語境、語篇的深層次理解,並在掌握文章主旨大意的基礎上,正確理解句與句、段與段之間的內在聯系。這篇短文只有結合上下文的具體情況,經過仔細觀察和分析,才可能判斷准確。所設20個小題中半數需要考生逾越句子,聯繫上下文去理解和推斷。又如閱讀理解,設問的題目大部分是讓學生概括中心、猜測詞義、推斷語氣、分析結果等等。僅僅從文字上把文章看懂,而沒有一定水平的思維能力是做不好閱讀理解題的。語言是反映一定文化的。考生還應注意對英美文化的了解。關注英美地理歷史、國際時事,了解最新的科技動態,否則難以讀懂和聽懂試題中的內容。
3.強調基礎知識和基本技能的掌握
高考作為一種選拔性考試,特別是今年的英語雖然有難題,但主要考的仍是基礎知識和基本技能。基礎的東西掌握好了,才可能把試卷中的中低檔題做對,也才有可能攻克由諸項基礎知識綜合而成的難題。高考成績的高低,主要取決於基礎知識和基本技能的掌握,也可以說取決於中低檔題的成功率。那種在總復習中一味追求難題、怪題,而忽視基礎知識的落實與基本技能訓練的作法,實在是與高考命題的主導思想背道而馳。 以上是筆者對今年高考試題的宏觀認識,下面再就各題型作一粗略分析:
聽力仍採用全國卷的聽力,語速比往年快,難度高於往年。聽力測試的語言材料選材豐富,體現了在情景中交際的特點。考試中選用真實的口語材料,題材反映真實生活,這有利於考查考生生活實際中所需要的聽的能力。
單項選擇難度適中,很好地將「語法和詞彙知識」有機地融入語段之中。知識覆蓋面廣,更加註重考查考生的實際運用能力,著重考查考生的一些基礎語法,如名詞性從句、非謂語動詞和動詞片語辨析等。今年共考語法題10題,詞4題,其中詞義辨析3題,詞的用法1題,純對話1題,以對話題形式出現5題。但今年單項選擇有兩個新動向:①未考冠詞;②未考諺語。
任務型閱讀的文章主題是關於如何與人溝通,文章篇幅長,需要考生在正確理解文章和表格的基礎上,在文章中對所需要的信息進行定位,在哪一段的哪一行。信息定位後,對文章的信息進行轉換,使之適合表格。有的考生在文中找到信息後,不知道如何轉換。這類題目需要學生有扎實的基礎知識和較強的閱讀能力,如詞性轉換、同義詞和反義詞及概括能力。
書面表達形式和往年一樣,是「控制性寫作」,要求考生根據所給漢語文字提示,用英文把所要表達的內容闡述清楚。今年的「書面表達」大出人們意料,內容完全來自人人熟悉的實際生活:「滑鼠是計算機時代最佳的人機交互工具之一,它極大地方便了人們對計算機的操作。但是,過分依賴滑鼠的習慣也會帶來一些不利影響。」請你以滑鼠為切入點,根據表格提示的信息,用英語寫一篇文字。題目相當新穎,和每一個學生的生活都密切相關且十分熟悉,學生感覺有話可說。但難度不小,提示的若干「動賓結構」難以流利寫出,這不能不說是很多師生的遺憾,它的啟示是:埋頭做題,只顧盲目操練,要想在這種選拔性十分強的高考中取得高分,恐怕難上加難了。未來的教與學需要跳離題海注重實際。

⑸ 經歷過江蘇高考的英語學霸們,請告訴我:高考英語閱讀理解如何拿滿分

英語閱讀題技巧,我個人的經驗,三步:
1.迅速將整篇文章分解,理出文章結構;
2.迅速抓住文章敘述的主題;
3.迅速找出各部分的中心意思,並找出表達中心意思的句子。

做到這3步,基本上這篇文章不用逐字讀完就可以答對接下來的題目。

先說一下,英語文章,尤其是用於考試的閱讀文章,其結構都有非常明顯的典型性,一般結構為主題段,論述段落,總結及結論段,乃至超長的江蘇卷也不過是在這個大框架內。

以一篇文章5段為例:

一般第一段為主題段,也就是說,整篇文章要表達的主題一定會出現在這里,你要做的就是迅速把中心句找出來,一般來說,中心句會出現在倒數第2句或第1句,簡單一點的文章會在第1句就出現,如果考題出得比較難,也可能需要自己總結,但就算需要自己總結中心句,也一定能在該段落中找出代表中心意思的詞;

接下來第二、三、四段,各段將對第一段提出的主題意思進行論述或分步驟分析,也就是說,每個段落都會有進階的主題,即個各分論點,所以你要做的同樣是迅速把它們找出來,位置和方法相同;

最後一段為全文的總結,並會對結論進行進一步的分析,或做推測,或作評論,這也是一個出題點,你要做的就是抓住總結的主旨和對其進一步分析的結論。

當然並不會所有文章都是5段,例如有的主題段落會有2段甚至更多,論點段落可能只有2段或多達4段以上(但一般不超過3段),難一點的文章里每個分論點也可能不止一段,我這里只是以5段為例,解釋的是文章的結構,或者說一般構成,通過這個規律可以迅速將文章進行分解,進而掌握各部分的要點。

下面分析一下出題要點,或者說出題規律(如果題不會出得很偏的話),以一篇閱讀文5題為例,一般為1個主題、1個分論點、2個細節題、1個結論或對結論的分析、推測。

可見掌握文章主題、分論點及結論分析就可以答對3/5,這是不需要逐字逐句讀完全文的,而2個細節題怎麼辦呢,就需要通過題目提供的信息迅速分析出其所在的分論點,然後回到該分論點段落找到與這題相符的句子,一般如果題出得簡單的話會是原句照搬,難一點的話會換個表達方式,再難一點則會繞個圈設個陷阱,這就需要非常小心,一定要捨得多花2秒鍾把這句話和前後兩句反復閱讀,挖出陷阱。這樣的話5道題都可以迎刃而解了,這就叫針對性解題。

說一下我的閱讀答題習慣吧,一般我第一時間會先看題,並且非常認真的理解每道題的意思,提取有用的信息,雖然一般並不容易只通過問題一下子就找出文章主題,但一定能找到跟主題有關的詞和信息,並且至少知道文章是在討論某個東西還是在敘述某件事,也就是說是議論文、說明文,還是敘述文,然後迅速按上面的三步走,這樣帶著問題掃讀全文,連細節題也可以非常迅速的找出來,最後將問題一一對應,全部解決!

方法交給你了,接下來就是多多練習,只有多練才能練到爐火純青的地步,最後做閱讀題簡直是輕松+愉快!

好了,說了這么多,希望對你有所幫助!

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