管理英語閱讀判斷題
❶ 職稱英語綜合類試題閱讀判斷備考題
閱讀判斷題
閱讀下面這篇短文，短文後列出了7個句子，請換根據短文的內容對每個句子做出判斷。如果該句提供的是正確信息，請選A;如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請選B;如果該句的信息文章中沒有提及，請選C.
They Say Ireland's the Best
Ireland is the best place in the world to live for 2005， according to a life quality ranking that appeared in Britain's Economist magazine last week.
The ambitious attempt to compare happiness levels around the world is based on the principle that wealth is not the only measure of human satisfaction and well-being.
The index of 111 countries uses data on incomes， health， unemployment， climate， political stability， job security， gender equality as well as what the magazine calls "freedom， family and community life".
Despite the bad weather， troubled health service， traffic congestion(擁擠)， gender inequality， and the high cost of living， Ireland scored an impressive 8.33 points out of 10.
That put it well ahead of second-place Switzerland， which managed 8.07. Zimbabwe troubled by political insecurity and hunger， is rated the gloomiest(最差的)， picking up only 3.89 points.職稱英語培訓
"Although rising incomes and increased indivial choices are highly valued，" the report said， "some of the factors associated with modernization such as the breakdown(崩潰)in traditional institutions and family values in part take away from a positive impact."
"Ireland wins because it successfully combines the most desirable elements of the new with the preservation of certain warm elements of the old， such as stable family and community life."
The magazine admitted measuring quality of life is not a straightforward thing to do， and that its findings would have their critics.
No. 2 on the list is Switzerland. The other nations in the top 10 are Norway， Luxembourg， Sweden， Australia， Iceland， Italy， Denmark and Spain.
The UK is positioned at No. 29， a much lower position chiefly because of the social and family breakdown recorded in official statistics. The US， which has the second highest per capita GDP(人均國內生產總值)after Luxembourg， took the 13th place in the survey. China was in the lower half of the league at 60th.
1 For 2，005 years， Ireland has been the best place for humans to live in.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
2 Job security is the least important measure of life quality.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
3 Cost of living in Ireland is pretty high.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
4 Family life in Zimbabwe is not stable.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
5 Ireland is positioned at No. 1 because it combines the most desirable elements of the new with some good elements of the old.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
6 To measure life quality is easy.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
7 The United States of America is among the top 10 countries.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
【參考答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. B
❷ 雅思閱讀題型講解——判斷題和填空題
雅思閱讀 題型講解——判斷題和填空題
對於我們中國烤鴨來說，最好提升成績的一項應該是閱讀了！但是，也有不少烤鴨抱怨閱讀題目做不完，不清楚每種題型該怎麼做。順序，亂序，什麼鬼？所以，下面這篇文章中，為大家梳理一下閱讀中的判斷題和填空題都有哪些特點，以及對應的解題思路是怎樣的。
一、判斷題
雅思閱讀考試中的判斷題通常是很多烤鴨的難點所在，那麼要想准確做對這一部分的題目，我們有必要了解一下判斷題有哪些特點，比如N和NG的區別是什麼，常設置的誤區有哪些，這樣才能有針對性地去解決。
1. 邏輯考察
雅思閱讀非常注重考查我們對 文章邏輯 的理解，而判斷題是考察文章邏輯關系最為集中的一種題型，主要涉及的邏輯關系有：因果關系，對比關系，時間順序關系。
下面我們就看一下這「三種關系」的考查特點
A. 題目中的 因果關系 和原文是否一致，是否因果倒置。因此，若題目中出現諸如：because、since、e to、lead to、contribute to、thanks to、as（表原因）等詞彙時，要分清楚題目中誰是因誰是果，然後判斷是否和原文一致，從而得出結論；
B. 對比關系 中要注意兩點：第一，張冠李戴，即，題目把文中A的特點描述成了B的特點；第二，文章內容和題干表述比較的程度是否有差異。
這就涉及到措辭，比如原文說A has now been slightly enlarged than 20 years ago. 但題目的描述為A is now 5 times bigger than it was two decades ago. 這里題目就偷換了slightly表明的含義，一般意義來講，「5倍」是不會等同於slightly的，對不對？
C. 時間順序 上要注意是否有順序錯誤和時間對應的錯誤。只要判斷題目中的順序描述和時間是否與原文對應就可以。我們需要注意的是一些表示順序的英語詞彙，諸如initially、firstly、then、next等。
對判斷題特徵和常考點了解後，我們就繼續分析Y/N/NG這三種情況。
2. 具體區分
Y：正確的情況主要有以下兩種形式：a. 正確的表述是對原文的同義轉換，即用不同的表達方式表達了同一個概念；b. 題目是對原文的歸納總結，即原文只進行描述性陳述，總結歸納出現在了題目中。
N：錯誤的情況相對較復雜，主要有下面這三種形式：
第一，題目對原文邏輯關系表述有錯誤，即因果、比較、時間順序，正如上文所述；
第二，題目有用詞上的錯誤，多數情況下是副詞，如 unlikely 與 impossible 不能對等；
第三，比較，雅思閱讀中除在「措辭」和「張冠李戴」上設置陷阱，還會有「同級比較」變為「有比較級的比較」，即，原文用了「as...as」（和.....一樣....），而題目中出現了比較級。
例如：劍橋 5 的Jonhson』s Dictionary 中說道，他在那個時代的名氣和現在一樣大，而題目中變為了more renowned. 這就不對了。
第四、避免絕對性說法，如題中出現must，only，all，always，never等詞，只要原文沒有出現此類說法，就判斷為錯誤。
NG：未提及的情況是最令人抓狂的一種情況，問題在於不好區分 NG 與錯誤，其實 NG 從本質上來講就是題目所表達的信息未在文中提到，不好判斷究竟是錯還是對。大致上可以分為以下這三種情況：
第一、題目的描述句式中，但凡主謂賓中有一項是原文未提及的情況，就可判斷為 NG；一般題目語句的主語可以在原文中見到，而後面的謂語、賓語等描述主語的內容往往在文中是找不到的。
第二、原文是對事實的描述（並沒有比較），而題目中涉及了比較（一般是用了比較級）。這種情況要和「錯誤情況」中的「對比關系」里「同級比較變為有程度的比較」區分開。
第三、整個題目本身原文根本沒提到。
二、填空題
雅思文章中考到的填空題主要有三種形式，分別是填表題、單個的填空題、summary題型，我們可以先看一下這三種形式。
1. 填表題
（1）圖示
（2）解題方法
表格題直觀、結構整齊，這種題目對應在文章中的內容通常也比較系統。帶有這種題目的文章，大家第一時間就要去看題型，然後 閱讀文章的首句，了解文章大概的結構 。接下來，大家需要 根據圖表的標題或者比較醒目的已知信息找到在文章中的對應 ，最好是能在文章中找到和圖表對應的框架性分類的信息，這樣就好做多了。
2. Summary
（1）圖示
（2）解題方法
這種題目雖然不像表格中看起來那麼系統，但是其內部信息也是非常緊密的。大家可以看到這種填空題上面有一個明確的標題，就可以概括這一段的主要內容，而這一段內容在文章中通常對應著某一個段落或兩個段落。
那麼，如何確定他到底對應的是哪個段落呢？和我們上面講到的一樣，當你拿到一篇文章首先就要看一下題型，閱讀文章每個段落的首句，知道每個段落大概主要講些什麼，這樣再去結合題目的標題，就能很好地縮小范圍，幫助定位。
3. 普通的填空題
（1）圖示
（2）解題方法
這種題目的提示信息相對有限，但是這樣的題目通常是出現在一篇文章的最後幾個題。雖然我們沒有辦法准確定位，但是在雅思閱讀中，這種填空題通常都是順序的，而這幾個題目整體上對應的文章內容會在已經完成題目的後面。完成了前面的題目之後，大家對當篇文章應該也有了很好的理解，這時，大家只要按照順序在文章中找答案就可以了，通常題目都會比較緊湊。
以上就是有關雅思閱讀考試判斷題和填空題的題型及解題方法，你get到了嗎？閱讀可是最容易提分的哦，抓緊練習，上7沖8加油鴨！
如果大家需要備考資料的話，可以去加這個人wx：kaoyajunbb2，他這里只要是雅思相關的資料的都是免費的，免費的，不過是要你發個朋友圈（發完截個圖就刪，就OK了）
❸ 英語閱讀理解技巧|如何做推理判斷題
1.推理判斷題是歷屆高考英語的命題集中點，包括判斷和推理兩個方面。屬於深層理解題，一般難度較高，得分率較低，其比例約佔30%—40%。
2.推理判斷題要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基礎上，做出一定的推理判斷，從而得到文章的隱含意義和深層意義。推理判斷題所涉及笑碰族的內容可能是文中的某一句話，也可能是某幾句話，所以，推理題的答案只能是根據原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即對原文某一句話或某幾句話所作的同義改寫或綜合。推理判斷題的題干中通常含有infer, suggest, imply, conclude indicate等標志性詞語。 這種題型主要包括細節判斷題、態度觀點推斷題、寫作意圖推斷題、文章出處判斷題吵磨和猜測想像推斷題。
3.常見的設問方式有：
推測作者寫作目的或意圖的設題形式有：
1) The purpose in writing this text is to __________.
2) The author writes this passage to __________.
3) The author in this passage intends to __________.
推測文章的觀點碰弊或結論的設題形式有：
1) It can be inferred from the passage that __________.
2) What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?
3) From the passage we can conclude that __________.
推斷文章出處的設題形式有：
1)The passage is most likely to be taken from_________.
2)Where would this passage most probably appear?
3)The passage is most likely a part of_________.
是非判斷題的設題方式：1．which of the following is （not）true or false ?
2．All of the following statements are wrong except _____
3．All of the following statements are right/true except _____.
4．Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage /text?
邏輯排序題的設題方式：
Which of the following describes one』s logic in doing sth ?
Which of the following shows the correct order of what happened to …?
Choose the right order of the following events in …
❹ 職稱英語綜合A閱讀判斷模擬題
為了大家更好地備考2017年職稱英語考試，yjbys網為大家提供了2017年職稱英語綜合A的試題相應練習。以下是閱讀判斷專項模擬題，大家可以多加練習。
American Sports
The United States is a sports-loving nation. Sports in America take a variety of forms:organized competitive struggles, which draw huge crowds to cheer their favorite team to victory;athletic games, played for recreation anywhere sufficient space is found; and hunting and fishing.
Most sports are seasonal, so that what is happening in sports depends upon the time of year. Some sports are called spectator sports, as the number of spectators greatly exceeds the number playing in the game.
Baseball is the most popular sport in the US. It is played throughout the spring and summer,and professional baseball teams play well into the fall. Although no other game is exactly like baseball, perhaps the one most nearly like it is the English game of cricket.
Football is the most popular sport in the fall. The game originated as a college sport more than 75 years ago. It is still played by almost every college and university in the country, and the football stadiums of some of the largest universities seat as many as 80,000 people. The game is not the same as European football or soccer. In American football there are 11 players on each team,and they are dressed in padded uniforms and helmets because the game is rough and injuries are likely to occur.
Basketball is the winter sport in American schools and colleges. Like football, basketball originated in the US and is not popular in other countries. Many Americans prefer it to football because it is played indoors throughout the winter and because it is a faster game. It is a very popular game with high schools, and in more than 20 states, state-wide high school matches are held yearly.
Other spectator sports include wrestling, boxing, and horse racing. Although horse-racing fans call themselves sportsmen, the accuracy of the term is questionable, as only the jockeys who ride the horses in the races can be considered athletes. The so-called sportsmen are the spectators, who do "not assemble" primarily to see the horses race, but to bet upon the outcome of each race.
Gambling is the attraction of horse racing.
1.Hunting and fishing are mainly favored by men, young and old, in the US.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
2.Professional baseball teams can continue to play for a long period of time in the fall after the regular baseball seasons of spring and summer.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
3.Baseball shares many features with the English game of cricket.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
4.Football can be classified as a spectator sport.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
5.Many Americans like basketball better than football because the latter is so harsh that players have to wear special uniforms.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
6.Basketball in American is so popular with universities that nationwide university matches are held yearly.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
7.Horse-racing fans cannot be considered sportsmen because they are spectators whose primary interest is gambling.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
答案解析：
1.C。題干：打獵和釣魚主要受到美國男人、年輕人和老人的喜愛。題干中的核心結構huntingand fishing和並列結構men，young and old可作為答案線索，可發現答案相關句為首段第二句，但並沒有提到men，young and old，所以選擇C。
2.A。題干：職業棒球隊在春天和夏天的賽季之後還可以繼續在秋天打很長時間的球。題干中的關鍵詞Professional baseball teams和the regular baseball seasons of spring and summer可作為答案線索，發現答案相關句為第二段首句。該句句意與問題句一致，該題主要是考查well into the fall(一直到秋季末)結構的含義。
3.A。題干：棒球和英國的板球有很多共同之處。利用題干中的線索詞baseball和cricket尋找答案相關句：可以發現第二段第二句為相關句。該句的句意為“與棒球運動最接近的就是英國的板球”，與題乾的.句意一致，選擇A。
4.A。題干：足球是一種觀賞類體育項目。利用題干中的關鍵詞football和spectator sport找到答案相關句：第一段最後一句。該題考查考生的推斷能力：既然最大的足球體育館能容納80 000名觀眾，那麼根據spectator sports(觀賞性運動)的定義，足球應該是spectator sports。
5.B。題干：與橄欖球相比，許多美國人更喜歡籃球，因為橄欖球比較激烈而且還要穿特殊的服裝。將題干中的關鍵詞basketball和football作為答案線索找到答案相關句：在第四段，可知美國人喜歡籃球是因為在冬天也可以玩，而且是速度類項目。題干句的說法與該相關句的說法不一致，故選B。
6.A。題干：美國的籃球在大學很流行，全國的大學每年都舉辦比賽。利用題干中的關鍵詞Basketball進行定位，發現相關內容在第四段最後一句，故答案為A。
7.A。題干：賽馬迷們不被認為是運動員，因為他們是觀眾，而且首要興趣是賭博。將題干中的horse.racing fans作為答案線索找到相關句：題干在文章末段。根據相關句群的句意(賽馬比賽的吸引人之處是賭博，賽馬迷只是對賭博感興趣)，可知題乾的說法與這些相關句的說法一致，故選A。
❺ 英語閱讀理解有幾種題型
1.細節理解題：從文中找到對的或錯的一項
2.推理判斷題：從文章中你可以推回出什麼
3.主旨大意題答：文章講了什麼？文章的題目，段落的大意
4.判斷詞義題：文中的生詞是什麼意思？
5.觀點態度題：作者對於事件的態度？如懷疑，客觀，支持，反對等
❻ 高考英語閱讀理解推理判斷題的解題技巧(2)
例 NMET2000年閱讀理解B篇
59. The writer』s purpose in writing this story is ________.
A. to tell an interesting experience
B. to show the easiest way out of difficulty
C. to describe the trouble facing a newly married woman
D. to explain the difficulty of learning to cook from books
從原文中… As I was not experienced in cooking , I thought if a dozen was good , two dozen would be better , so I doubled everything .…I had been defeated , I put the dough in the rubbish bin outside so I wouldn』t have to face Doug laughing at my work , …I don』t know who was more embarrassed(尷尬)by the whole thing Doug or me. 可看出文章敘述了一位新婚主婦按烹調書做發面失敗的尷尬經歷。 但是全文充滿了一種諷刺幽默的筆調, 文章最後一句帶俏皮感，說明主人公心情並不沉重，而是感到有點好笑，所以答案應選A。作者寫作目的是自述一次有趣的經歷。選項B肯定為錯誤答案，因為它與本文首句(The easy way out isn』t always easiest)不合; D反映作者寫作目的是解釋從書本上學烹飪的困難，也不對，因為作者並未詳細介紹主人公從書本上學烹飪是如何力不從心的; 主人公並不會天天面對這種煩惱，選項C為錯誤答案。雖然全文語境含貶義，但文章的言外之意需要讀者對作者寫作意圖做深層挖掘,若不然就會被誤導而作出錯誤判斷。
4. 根據文章的結論推斷作者的態度
作者態度、傾向是指作者對陳述的觀點是贊同、反對還是猶豫不定，對記敘或描寫的人、物或事件等是贊頌、同情、冷漠還是厭惡、憎恨。作者的這種思想 傾向和感情色彩往往隱含在文章的字里行間，或流露於修飾的詞語之中。因此，在推斷過程中，應特別注意文中作者的措辭，尤其是表達感情色彩的形容詞。
例 Why isn』t your newspaper reporting any good news?All I read about is murder， bribery()，and death.Frankly，I』m sick of all this bad news.
This author』s attitude towards the newspaper reporting is to ______ .
A. complain B. apologize
C. amuse D. inform
解析 作者一是向讀者說明這份報紙上只登載壞新聞，如兇殺和死亡等;二是在字里行間流露出自己的抱怨情緒 (對壞新聞厭惡透了)，故應選A。
5. 根據上下文的邏輯得出結論
邏輯結論是指嚴格根據文章中所陳述的事實、論點、例證等一系列論據材料進行推理，從而得出合乎邏輯的結論，而不是根據自己的經驗、態度、觀點或愛好去理解文章的內涵。做這類題時，應把握作者的寫作思路，預測下文可能發展的內容。文章可按事件發展的經過描寫，也可按因果關系, 對比關系來描寫。
例 We are in the computer age.We often see computers at work.They are especially useful in automatic control，data processing(數據處理)and solving complicated problems.And they are finding their way into the home.The part played by computers is becoming even more important with each passing day.
More and cleverer computers will continue to appear.They will run faster，have more functions and work much more skillfully.They will take over more tasks from us，helping to change the face of our world.Some people even think that sooner or later computers will replace us.
However...
Which of the following statements will best continue the third paragraph?
A. Computers will soon stop developing.
B. Many people like computers very much.
C. Computers are as clever as man.
D. I do not think computers will replace us completely.
解析 本文採用了對比關系法來描寫，前面描寫了計算機的長處，但作者用However一詞預示著將引出相反的觀點，故答案為D。
6. 結合已有的知識進行推斷
知識推斷是根據文章中所闡述的細節，運用自己 掌握的基礎知識進行分析、推敲，從而得出符合文章原義的結論的一種推斷方法。知識推斷題一般都是針對細節。解答此類題，不僅需要我們有一定的社會基礎知識，而且還需要對細節以及有關背景知識有一個充分的理解。
例 NMET1996 A篇
53. After reading the story what can we infer about the hospital?
A. It is a children』s hospital.
B. It has strict rules about visiting hours.
C. The conditions there aren』t very good.
D. The nurses and doctors there don』t work hard.
解析 本文講述了一位母親採用拖地計謀混進病房探視女兒的故事。由常識可知醫院內拖地並非醫生 護士的工作，選項D不對。C項與文中的It』s a fine hospital意思相矛盾。A項依據不充分，女兒未必都是兒童。正確答案是B。文中I told her about the hospital rules, and she will not expect us until tomorrow. 則暗示此規章在探視時間上是嚴格規定的，而且在實際生活中我們都知道醫院探視病人是有嚴格的制度的。
❼ 英語閱讀判斷題及答案
英語閱讀判斷題及答案
判斷題是英語閱讀理解體重的常考題型。下面是我整理的.英語閱讀理解 題中的判斷題練習及答案，希望能幫到大家!
閱讀理解一
My name is Jenny. I have four good friends. I like hamburgers, but Ben doesn’t like them. I don’t like strawberries. Cara doesn’t like them, either(也). Cara and Amy like French fries, and they have them every day. But Dale doesn’t. Dale and Ben like vegetable salad, but Amy doesn’t. She likes fruit salad.
根據短文內容，判斷句子正(T)、誤(F)。
( ) 1. Ben doesn’t like hamburgers.
( ) 2. Cara and Amy don’t like French fries.
( ) 3. Dale doesn’t like French fries.
( ) 4. Dale and Ben like vegetable salad.
( ) 5. Amy doesn’t like fruit salad.
閱讀理解二
I have a friend. His name is Jeff. He is 14years old. His father is 40. His mother is 41. He has a brother and a sister. His brother is 9 and his sister is 6. Today is his mother’s birthday. It’s October fifth. There is a big birthday cake on the table. It is 20 dollars. Many friends come to the party.
根據短文內容，判斷句子正(T)、誤(F)。
( ) 1. Jeff is 9 years old.
( ) 2. Jeff has a brother and a sister.
( ) 3. Jeff’s father’s birthday is October fifth.
( ) 4. The birthday cake is on the table.
( ) 5. The birthday cake is 20 yuan.
閱讀理解三
Do you know Huaxing? You can have a great sale there. Look! It’s a clothes store. It sells sweaters, T-shirts and shorts. These sweaters are very good. Do you like shoes? There are four shoe stores. Oh, here is a hat store. Red hats, blue hats, black hats and orange hats, it has hats in all colors. I like them very much.
根據短文內容，判斷句子正(T)、誤(F)。
( ) 1. You can have a great sale at Huaxing.
( ) 2. There are some books in the store.
( ) 3. You can find five shoe stores in Xuaxing.
閱讀理解四
Dear Jack,
How are you? I have been in the USA for six months. I like the life here. I have a few friends. I don’t have much homework. There are a lot of sports at my school, but I don’t like sports at all. I like the food very much. I eat a lot of different kinds of food every day. I like coke(可樂)very much. I don’t drink water. I drink coke instead(代替). I’m enjoying my life here. The sad thing is that sometimes I get ill. I don’t know why. My parents say I must go on a diet and do more sports. Must I?
Yours,
David
( T ) 1. David has been in America for six months.
( F ) 2. David has to do much homework.
( T ) 3. There are many sports at David’s school.
( T ) 4. David likes coke better than water.
( F ) 5. David knows why he is often ill
閱讀理解五
Jim is an English boy. He comes to China with his father and mother. They come here to work. Jim comes here to study.
He is in No.5 Middle School. He gets up early every day. He isn’t late for school. He studies hard. He can read English well. He often helps us with our English, and we often help him with his Chinese. After class he likes playing football, swimming, running, jumping and riding. He makes many friends here. We are glad to stay with him. On Sunday he often helps his mother clean the house, mend something or do the shopping. He likes Chinese food very much.。 He likes living here. He likes Chinese students very much. We all like him, too.
根據短文內容，判斷以下句子的正誤。對的在括弧內填― T ‖, 錯的填― F ‖. ( F )1. He gets up late every day.
( T )2. He often teaches us English.
( F )3. After class , he likes singing and playing basketball.
( T )4. On Sunday he often helps his mother clean the house.
( F )5. He doesn’t like Chinese food.
參考答案：
閱讀理解一
1----5 TFTTF
閱讀理解二
1----5 FTFTF
閱讀理解三
1----5 TFFTT
閱讀理解四
1----5 TFTTF
閱讀理解五
1----5 TFTF
;❽ 英語閱讀理解模擬試題及答案
英語閱讀理解模擬試題及答案
下面是我收集的關於英語四級的閱讀理解模擬試題及答案解析，歡迎大家閱讀練習!
第一篇：
Henry Ford, the famous U.S. inventor and car manufacturer, once said, “The business of America is business.” By this he meant that the U.S. way of life is based on the values of the business world.
Few would argue with Ford’s statement. A brief glimpse at a daily newspaper vividly shows how much peoplein the United States think about business. For example, nearly every newspaper has a business section, in which the deals and projects, finances and management, stock prices and labor problems of corporations arereported daily. In addition, business news can appear in every other section. Most national news has an important financial aspect to it. Welfare, foreign aid, the federal budget, and the policies of the Federal Reserve Bank are all heavily affected by business. Moreover, business news appears in some of the unlikeliest places. The world of arts and entertainment is often referred to as “the entertainment instry” or “show business.”
The positive side of Henry Ford’s statement can be seen in the prosperity that business has brought to U.S. life. One of the most important reasons so many people from all over the world come to live in the United States is the dream of a better job. Jobs are proced in abundance (大量地) because the U.S. economic system is driven by competition. People believe that this system crates more wealth, more jobs, and a materially better way of life.
The negative side of Henry Ford’s statement, however, can be seen when the word business is taken to meanbig business. And the term big business—referring to the biggest companies, is seen in opposition to labor. Throughout U.S. history working people have had to fight hard for higher wages, better working conditions, and the fight to form unions. Today, many of the old labor disputes are over, but there is still some employee anxiety. Downsizing—the laying off of thousands of workers to keep expenses low and profits high—creates feelings of insecurity for many.
練習題：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1. The United States is a typical country ________.
A. which encourages free trade at home and abroad
B. where people’s chief concern is how to make money
C. where all businesses are managed scientifically
D. which normally works according to the federal budget
2. The influence of business in the U.S. is evidenced by the fact that ________.
A. most newspapers are run by big businesses
B. even public organizations concentrate on working for profits
C. Americans of all professions know how to do business
D. even arts and entertainment are regarded as business
3. According to the passage, immigrants choose to settle in the U.S., dreaming that ________.
A. they can start profitable businesses there
B.they can be more competitive in business
C. they will make a fortune overnight there
D. they will find better chances of employment
4. Henry Ford’s statement can be taken negatively because ________.
A. working people are discouraged to fight for their fights
B. there are many instries controlled by a few big capitalists
C. there is a conflicting relationship between big corporations and labor
D. public services are not run by the federal government
5. A company’s efforts to keep expenses low and profits high may result in ________.
A. rection in the number of employees
B. improvement of working conditions
C. fewer disputes between labor and management
D. a rise in workers’wages
第二篇：
It is easier to negotiate initial salary requirement because once you are inside, the organizational constraints (約束) influence wage increases. One thing, however, is certain: your chances of getting the raise you feel you deserve are less if you don’t at least ask for it. Men tend to ask for more, and they get more, and this holds true with other resources, not just pay increases. Consider Beth’s story:
I did not get what I wanted when I did not ask for it. We had cubicle (小隔間) offices and window offices.I sat in the cubicles with several male colleagues. One by one they were moved into window offices, while I remained in the cubicles, several males who were hired after me also went to offices. One in particular told me he was next in line for an office and that it had been part of his negotiations for the job. I guess they thought me content to stay in the cubicles since I did not voice my opinion either way.
It would be nice if we all received automatic pay increases equal to our merit, but “nice” isn’t a quality attributed to most organizations. If you feel you deserve a significant raise in pay, you’ll probablyhave to ask for it.
Performance is your best bargaining chip (籌碼) when you are seeking a raise. You must be able to demonstrate that you deserve a raise. Timing is also a good bargaining chip. If you can give your boss something he or she needs (a new client or a sizable contract, for example) just before merit pay decisions are beingmade, you are more likely to get the raise you want.
Use information as a bargaining chip too. Find out what you are worth on the open market. What will someone else pay for your services?
Go into the negotiations prepared to place your chips on the table at the appropriate time and prepared touse communication style to guide the direction of the interaction.
練習題：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1. According to the passage, before taking a job, a person should ________.
A. demonstrate his capability
B. give his boss a good impression
C. ask for as much money as he can
D. ask for the salary he hopes to get
2. What can be inferred from Beth’s story?
A. Prejudice against women still exists in some organizations.
B. If people want what they deserve, they have to ask for it.
C. People should not be content with what they have got.
D. People should be careful when negotiating for a job.
3. We can learn from the passage that ________.
A. unfairness exists in salary increases
B. most people are overworked and underpaid
C. one should avoid overstating one’s performance
D. most organizations give their staff automatic pay raises
4. To get a pay raise, a person should ________.
A. advertise himself on the job market
B. persuade his boss to sign a long-term contract
C) try to get inside information about the organization
D) do something to impress his boss just before merit pay decisions
5. To be successful in negotiations, one must ________.
A. meet his boss at the appropriate time
B. arrive at the negotiation table punctually
C. be good at influencing the outcome of the interaction
D. be familiar with what the boss likes and dislikes
>>>>>>答案解析<<<<<<
第一篇：
1.[B] 推理判斷題。根據第2段第2句“隨便翻下一家日報就可美國人有多麼重視商業”可推斷出B符合題意。
2.[D] 事實細節題。第2段大量列舉了 business的影響的例子，特別是根據最後一句“藝術和娛樂界就常被稱為‘娛樂業’或‘展覽業’ ”可知D正確，而A、B、C均與原文信息不符。
3.[D] 事實細節題。第3段第2句談到“如此多的人從世界各地來美國生活，其最重要的原因之一就是夢想找到一份更好的工作”，故選D。
4.[C] 推理判斷題。本文第4段是在講Henry Ford的.言論的消極面，根據該段中的the biggest companies... in opposition to labor可看出C與之相符，故選C。
5.[A] 事實細節題。根據文章的最後一句，可知downsizing—the laying off of thousands of workers正是一些公司節約成本提高利潤的手段，A為原文該句的同義改寫，故選A。
第二篇：
1.[D] 推理判斷題。根據文章第1句。開頭立論：“It is easier to negotiate initial salary requirement在進入公司以前就談妥你的最初工資要求要更容易些”。因此，在接受一份工作前應該先提出期望薪金要求，即D。注意C中as much…as he can意思太絕對，不妥。
2.[B] 推理判斷題。Beth的故事是為了證明第1段提出的觀點，主要依據第2段第1句，第3段最後一句再次印證。核心詞為ask for。
3.[A] 推理判斷題。從Beth的故事中不難總結出：如果你要求加薪或提升，你可能就會得到滿足;你如果不要求，老闆就可能不予考慮。因此在salary increase中含有很大的主觀因素，故而unfair。直接依據為第3段第1句。
4.[D] 事實細節題。根據倒數第3段，performance“工作表現”，timing“抓住時機”和information“利用信息”是加薪的三大籌碼。D與其中對timing的闡述一致。
5.[C] 事實細節題。最後一段指出，帶著准備好的籌碼去跟老闆商談加薪，並在合適的時候拿出來,而且要運用一定的交際手段引導談判的發展方向，即C。注意其中place your chips on the table at the appropriate time “在適當的時候拿出籌碼”不等於A中的meet his boss at the appropriate time。
;❾ 職稱英語理工類閱讀判斷題
Bill Gates: Unleashing YourCreativity
I’ve always been an optimist and I suppose it isrooted in1 my belief that the power of creativity and intelligencecan make the world a better place.
For as long as I can remember, I’賣洞乎ve loved learningnew things and solving problems. So when I sat down at a computer for the firsttime in seventh grade, I was hooked. It was a clunky old teletype machine andit could barely do anything compared to the computers we have today.2But it changed my life.
中悉When my friend Paul Allen and I started Microsoft30 years ago，we had avision of “a computer on every desk and in every home”, which probably soundeda little too optimistic at a time when most computers were the size ofrefrigerators. But we believed that personal computers would change the world.And they have.
And after 30 years, I’m still as inspired bycomputers as I was back in seventh grade.
I believe that computers are the most incredibletool we can use to feed our curiosity and inventiveness — to help us solve problemsthat even the smartest people couldn’t solve on their own.
Computers have transformed how we learn，giving kids everywhere a windowinto all of the world’s knowledge. They’re helping us build communities aroundthe things we care about and to stay close to the people who are important tous, no matter where they are.3
Like my friend Warren Buffett, I feel particularlylucky to do something every day that I love to do. He calls it “tap-dancing towork”4. My job at Microsoft is as challenging as ever, but whatmakes me “tap-dancing to work” is when we show people something new, like acomputer that can recognize your handwriting or your speech, or one that canstore a lifetime’s worth of photos, and they say, “I didn’顫山t know you could dothat with a PC5! ”
But for all the cool things that a person can dowith a PC，there arelots of other ways we can put our creativity and intelligence to work toimprove our world6. There are still far too many people in the worldwhose most basic needs go unmet7. Every year, for example, millionsof people die from diseases that are easy to prevent or treat in the developedworld.
I believe that my own good fortune brings with ita responsibility to give back to the world. My wife, Melinda, and I havecommitted to8 improving health and ecation in a way that can helpas many people as possible.
As a father, I believe that the death of a childin Africa is no less poignant or tragic than9 the death of a childanywhere else, and that it doesn’t take much to make an immense difference inthese children’s lives10.
I’m still very much an optimist, and I believethat progress on even the world’s toughest problems is possible — and it’shappening every day. We’re seeing new drugs for deadly diseases, new diagnostictools，and newattention paid to the health problems in the developing world.
I’m excited by the possibilities I see formedicine, for ecation and, of course, for technology. And I believe thatthrough our natural inventiveness, creativity and willingness to solve toughproblems, we're going to make some amazing achievements in all these areas inmy lifetime.
詞彙：
unleash/ ʌnˈli:ʃ / vt.解開;放縱;使自由
inspire/ ɪnˈspaɪə(r) / vt.鼓舞
optimist/'Dptɪmɪst/ n.樂觀主義者
incredible/ ɪn'kredəbl/ adj.難以置信的
clunky(clonky) /'klʌnkɪ/ adj.發出沉悶金屬聲的
curiosity/ˌkjuərɪ'Dsɪtɪ/ n.好奇心
inventivenessn.發明創造的能力
teletype/'telɪtaɪp/ (teletype-writer) n.電傳打字機
poignant/ ˈpɔɪnjənt / adj.令人悲痛的，可憐的
tragic/'traed3ɪk/ adj.悲劇的，悲慘的
vision/'vɪ3n/ n.想像;幻想;美景
immense/I'mens/ adj.巨大的
注釋：
1.be rooted in：紮根於;深深地存在於
2.It was a clunky oldteletype machine and it could barely do anything compared to the computers wehave today.那是一台笨重的舊式電傳打字機，跟我們今天的電腦相比幾乎幹不了什麼事。本句中，barely意為almost not;compare to在美國英語中也可以等同於compare with(與……相比)。
3.They’re helping us buildcommunities around the things we care about and to stay close to the people whoare important to us, no matter where they are.電腦幫助我們就我們所關心的事情建立一個交流的場所，並且與那些我們認為對我們有重要意義的人密切相處，不管他們身在何處。care about指不管喜歡或不喜歡的事情都很關心、介意、在乎、計較。
4.“tap-dancing to work”：“跳著踢踏舞工作”。tap原意是“叩擊、輕敲”;tap dance是“踢踏舞”。這里實際意思是“(手指)輕輕敲擊鍵盤的工作”。
5.PC (personal computer)：個人計算機
6.But for all the cool things that aperson can do with a PC, there are lots of other ways we can put our creativityand intelligence to work to improve our world.除了我們能用計算機做的所有神奇的事情，還有很多其他方式發揮我們的創造力和智慧，從而使世界更加美好。
7.go unmet：得不到滿足。在這里go是系動詞，unmet是過去分詞作表語。
8.commit to此處意為承諾，保證做某事。
9.no less... than：和 一樣，不亞於……
10. and that itdoesn’t take much to make an immense difference in these children’s lives.而且要改善這些孩子們的命運，其實不難。此處it是形式主語，真正的主語是不定式短語to make an immensedifference in these children’s lives。
練習：
1.A computer was as big as an icebox when Bill Gates was a high schoolstudent.
ARightBWrongCNot mentioned
2.Bill Gates has been dreaming of the popularity of computers for hislifetime.
ARightBWrongCNot mentioned
3.Bill Gates compares his hard work on a PC to “tap-dancing to work”.
ARightBWrongCNot mentioned
4.To Bill Gates’ mind, there is a big difference between the death ofthe poor’s children and the death of the rich’s children.
ARightBWrongCNot mentioned
5.So far Bill Gates has contributed several dozen billion dollars tothe charities.
ARightBWrongCNot mentioned
6.Bill Gates and his wife consider it their ty to help the poorbetter their health and ecation as much as possible.
ARightBWrongCNot mentioned
7.Bill Gates will leave only a small portion of his wealth for hischildren.
ARightBWrongCNot mentioned
答案與題解：
1.A文章第三段中比爾•蓋茨說，當他念七年級時，電腦就是冰箱那麼大小。
2.A文章第三段比爾•蓋茨說，他30年前與Paul Allen一起創辦微軟公司時就夢想一桌一機、一戶一機，而且從其他各段也可以看到他對電腦有很多的`期待。
3.B從第七段第二句可以看到作這樣比較的是他的朋友Warren Buffett，而不是他自己。
4.B在倒數第三段，比爾•蓋茨已經明確說，所有這些兒童的死亡都一樣令人傷心和悲痛，沒有什麼區別。
5.C文章沒有提到他給慈善機構捐款的事。
6.A倒數第四段比爾•蓋茨認為他一生好運，就理應回報社會，所以他和他的妻子做出了承諾，要幫助盡可能多的人改善醫療和教育條件。
7.C文章沒有提到。
❿ 職稱英語理工類閱讀判斷專項試題及答案(2)
練習：
1.The country says that the investment of US $14 million is big enough for developing that country’s chip instry.
ARight BWrong CNot mentioned
2.That country gives top priorities to developing chips for military purposes.
ARight BWrong CNot mentioned
3.Although the licensing fees are not very high, that Far Eastern country cannot afford to pay.
ARight BWrong CNot mentioned
4.Many western countries ban the exporting of the most advanced chip-making technologies to that country to prevent them from being used for military purposes.
ARight BWrong CNot mentioned
5.Currently, almost all the flagship chipmakers in that country are owned by American investors.
ARight BWrong CNot mentioned
6.Mainstream chip proction technology develop rapidly.
ARight BWrong CNot mentioned
7.More than 10 chip plants being built in that country are an example of self-reliance.
ARight BWrong CNot mentioned
答案與題解：
1.B本題給出的信息是錯誤的。最後一段說到，如果新建的晶元中心能在改善該國在晶元行業的被動形勢中起重要作用，該國認為：“... the US $14 million investment is still rather small”。
2.C文章沒有提供這方面的信息。
3.B文章提到專利費較高，此句說較低，與原意不符。
4.A本題給出的信息是正確的。第二段有這樣一句話：Currently, chip plants in this country are in a passive situation because many foreign governments don’t allow them to import the most advanced technologies, fearing they will be used for military purposes.這就是選A的依據。
5.C文章沒有提供這方面的信息。
6.A選A的依據是第三段第一句：... mainstream chip proction technology shifts from one generation to the next every three to five years ...
7.B本題給出的信息是錯誤的。第四段第二句說明，這些晶元工廠的技術主要是從日本和新加坡進口的。
譯文：微晶元研究中心成立
為了開發先進的微晶元生產技術，這個遠東國家建立了一個研究中心，該中心啟動資金為一千四百萬美元，可以幫助該國開發自己的晶元工業，不必總是依賴於進口技術。
該中心將會應用自己的研究技術和設施，為本國晶元廠家開發新技術。這個國家名列首位的晶元製造公司說，晶元中心的成立可能使這個國家擺脫從他國購買即將淘汰的.技術的困境。由於許多外國政府擔心先進技術會被用於軍事目的，不允許這個國家的晶元生產廠家進口前沿技術，所以這些生產廠家處於一種被動局面。另外，由於這些晶元生產廠家必須向技術提供者支付高額的許可費，這也構成了他們決定要自力更生的一個重要原因。
由於主流晶元生產技術每隔 3～5年就要進行更新換代，所以掌握了新技術的廠家就可以以較低的成本製造出較好的晶元，而那些耗費數十億美元建立起的廠家，如果設備落後，也將會被生產商所淘汰。
幾個晶元廠正在建立之中，每個廠的造價都在幾百萬美元，其中大部分資金都流向了海外設備商和技術所有者——主要是日本和新加坡。
如果新建的晶元中心能在改變該國晶元行業的被動形勢中起到重要作用，該國承認，一千四百萬美元的投資仍是微不足道的。該國正在開發綜合技術，大部分投資將用於與技術和知識產權所有者建立聯盟。
Text three
The Biology of Music
Humans use music as a powerful way to communicate. It may also play an important role in love. But what is music, and how does it work its magic? Science does not yet have all the answers.
What are two things that make humans different from animals? One is language, and the other is music. It is true that some animals can sing (and many birds sing better than a lot of people). However, the songs of animals, such as birds and whales, are very limited. It is also true that humans, not animals, have developed musical instruments. 1
Music is strange stuff. It is clearly different from language. However, people can use music to communicate things — especially their emotions. When music is combined with speech in a song, it is a very powerful form of communication. But, biologically speaking, what is music?
If music is truly different from speech, then we should process music and language in different parts of the brain. The scientific evidence suggests that this is true.
Sometimes people who suffer brain damage lose their ability to process language. However, they don’t automatically lose their musical abilities. For example, Vissarion Shebalin, a Russian composer，had a stroke in 1953. It injured the left side of his brain. He could no longer speak or understand speech. He could, however, still compose music until his death ten years later. On the other hand，sometimes strokes cause people to lose their musical ability, but they can still speak and understand speech. This shows that the brain processes music and language separately.
By studying the physical effects of music on the body，scientists have also learned a lot about how music influences the emotions. But why does music have such a strong effect on us? That is a harder question to answer. Geoffrey Miller, a researcher at University College, London, thinks that music and love have a strong connection. Music requires special talent, practice, and physical ability. That’s why it may be a way of showing your fitness to be someone’s mate. For example, singing in tune or playing a musical instrument requires fine muscular control. You also need a good memory to remember the notes. And playing or singing those notes correctly suggests that your hearing is in excellent condition. Finally, when a man sings to the woman he loves (or vice versa)， it may be a way of showing off.
However, Miller’s theory still doesn’t explain why certain combinations of sounds influence our emotions so deeply. For scientists，this is clearly an area that needs further research.
詞彙：
automatically .自動地
note 音符
stroke 中風
注釋：
1.It is also true that humans, not animals, have developed musical instruments：人研製出了樂器，而動物則不能。Develop：研製，例如：Scientists are developing new drugs to treat cancer.科學家們正在研發新葯用以治療癌症。
練習：
1.Humans, but not animals, can sing.
ARight BWrong CNot mentioned
2.People can use music to communicate their emotions.
ARight BWrong CNot mentioned
3.We use the same part of the brain for music and language.
ARight BWrong CNot mentioned
4.Geoffery Miler has done research on music and emotions.
ARight BWrong CNot mentioned
5.It’s hard for humans to compose music.
ARight BWrong CNot mentioned
6.Memory is not an important part in singing in tune.
ARight BWrong CNot mentioned
7.Scientists does not know all the answers about the effects of music on humans.
ARight BWrong CNot mentioned
答案與題解：
1.B第二段的第三句：It is true that some animals can sing (and many birds sing better than a lot of people).可以看出有些動物會唱歌，而不只人類會唱歌。
2.A第三段的第三句：However, people can use music to communicate things — especially their emotions.這句清楚表明，人們可以用音樂來表達情感。
3.B第四段說明：科學證明人們用大腦的不同區域處理語言和音樂。在第五段，作者用Vissarion Shebalin的例子進一步說明人腦處理語言和音樂的位置不同，Shebalin中風以後不能講話也聽不懂別人的話，但他卻能創作樂曲。
4.A第六段的第四句：Geoffrey Miller, a researcher at University College，London，thinks that music and love have a strong connection.這句說明Miller對音樂和愛(情感)的關系進行了研究，他得出的結論是：音樂和愛有密切的關聯。
5.C文中沒有提及創作樂曲是否困難。
6.B第六段有一句：You also need a good memory to remember the notes.此句說明必須具備好的記憶力記音符才能唱得符合調子。
7.A最後一段講的是：科學家們需要做更多的研究才能解釋為什麼有些聲音影響我們的情感會如此之深。也就是說，科學家不能全部解釋音樂對人類的影響。
譯文：音樂生物學
人們把音樂作為一種高效的交流方式，在愛情中它也可能會起到重要的作用。但是音樂是什麼?它又是如何起到神奇的效果?科學界還沒有給出答案。
哪兩項事物使得人類不同於動物?一個是語言，另一個是音樂。當然一些動物會唱歌 (並且許多鳥唱得比很多人都好聽) ，但是，動物的歌聲是有限的，比如鳥類和鯨魚。同樣，是人類而不是動物開發出了樂器。
音樂是個奇怪的東西，它與語言有明顯的不同。但是，人們能夠用音樂去傳達——尤其是情感。當音樂與歌曲中的語言結合在一起的時候，它就是一種強有力的表達方式。但是，從生物學來講，音樂是什麼?
如果音樂與語言真的不同，那麼我們應該在大腦的不同區域內對音樂和語言進行加工處理，科學證據也證實了這一點。
有時，受過腦損傷的人會喪失他們處理語言的能力。但是，他們不會自動地丟失音樂才能。比如，維沙翁·舍巴林，一位蘇聯作曲家，在1953 年得了中風。他的大腦的左半邊受到損害，他再也不能說話或是理解別人的話，但是他仍然能夠譜曲，直到十年後他離開人世。另一方面，中風有時會使人們喪失音樂能力，但是他們仍然能夠說話也能聽懂別人的話。這就說明大腦是分別加了處理音樂和語言的。
通過研究音樂在人身體上的物理效應，科學家也了解到許多關於音樂是如何影響情感的。但是，為什麼音樂對我們有如此強烈的影響?這是一個更難回答的問題。倫敦大學學院的研究員傑弗里·米勒認為音樂和愛有緊密的關，音樂需要特殊才能、練習和體能。這也許是一種方式讓你展示你適合做某人的伴侶。比如，按調唱歌或者彈奏樂器需要有很好的肌肉控制力。你也需要有好的記憶力來記住音符。能正確地演奏或者唱出這些音符也證明你的聽力也非常好。所以，當一個男人唱給他心愛的女人時(反之亦然) 音樂就可能成為一種展示的方式。
然而，米勒的理論仍然不能解釋為什麼聲音的特定結合可以深深地影響我們的情感。對於科學家來說，這顯然是一個需要深入研究的領域。