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研究觀點類高考英語閱讀理解

發布時間: 2023-07-14 23:18:34

⑴ 英語閱讀理解的題型

英語閱讀理解的題型

作為高考英語試卷中題量最大、分值最多、難度最高的題型,高考英語閱讀理解題在整個高中英語中至關重要。下面我整理了高考英語閱讀理解的常見題型以及解題方法,大家一起來看一下吧!

【高考英語閱讀理解常見題型及解題方法】

一、主旨大意題

主旨大意題主要考查學生對所讀材料(或所讀材料片斷)中心思想的概括。做這類題時,考生應通讀全文,把握文章大意或中心思想,同時注意文章的主題句,因為主題句表達中心思想,其他句子均圍繞主題句進行展開。主題句通常位於文章第一段首句、第一段末句或全文末句等地方,但位於段落中間(通常是第一段或最後一段的中間)也是完全可能的。主旨大意題的考查形式很多,如概括標題、主題、段意、中心思想等。請看浙江卷中的一個段落:

In the course of working my way through school, I took many jobs I would rather forget. But none of these jobs was as dreadful as my job in an apple plant. The work was hard; the pay was poor; and, most of all, the working conditions were terrible.

◎What is the subject discussed in the text?

A. The writer’s unhappy school life

B. The writer’s eagerness to earn money

C. The writer’s experience as a full-time worker

D. The writer’s hard work in an apple plant

原文共有五個自然段,上面摘錄的只是文章的第1個自然段,但是如果考生訓練有素的話,只要讀完這個段落就可猜出此題的答案了。因為文章第一句說In the course of working my way through school, I took many jobs I would rather forget,接著作者用but引出一個新的情況(即主題句):none of these jobs was as dreadful as my job in an apple plant. 再接下來又說:The work was hard; the pay was poor; and, most of all, the working conditions were terrible. 聰明的讀者至此應該可以猜測到,下面的幾個段落肯定是介紹這個apple plant 的work是如何的hard,它的pay是如何的poor,它的working conditions 是如何的terrible 等。比較四個選項,只有選項D所表述內容合乎上面的分析,故選D。

二、事實細節題

顧名思義,事實細節題即指針對文章的某個事實或細節而設置的試題。事實細節題的命題方法很多,如可能是對某個細節用同義結構轉換後進行考查、也可能是將文章中的幾個細節(通常是四個)放在一起要求考生判斷是非(選出正確的一項或選出錯誤的一項)或對幾個細節進行排序等。解答這類試題時,一個常用的方法就是運用定位法,即根據題干或選項中的線索詞從原文中找到相關的句子,與選項進行比較從而確定答案(此時要特別注意一些常見的同義轉換或簡單換算)。請看安徽卷中的一道事實細節題:

Tuition Fees(學費)

Tuition fees are different from department to department, generally from $5,000 to $6,000 a year. For further information: [email protected]

Accommodation(住宿)

You can have a room in a 4-bedrcom flat, which will cost about $100 a month with other regular living costs of about $150 a month for one person. For further information: [email protected]

◎You have to pay at least ______ a year if you study at the University of Waikato.

A. $5,250 B. $8,000 C. $9,000 D. $11,000

根據Tuition fees一節的內容可知,一年的學費最低為5,000美元,再根據Accommodation(住宿)一節可知,除學費外,還有住宿費(每月100美元)和生活費(每月150美元),即一年大約共3,000美元,所以在WaiKato大學讀書一年至少要花費5,000+3,000=8,000美元,故答案為B。

三、代詞指代題

這類題要求考生根據一定的上下文推測代詞的指代意義,它主要考查考生在一定語境中對上下文邏輯關系的正確理解。做這類題時,考生不僅要讀懂相關句子的句意,理順相關句子的邏輯關系,而且還要學會合理變通,尤其要學會變通理解其中的`同義表達。請看天津卷中的一個片斷和一個道詞義猜測題:

Many creative thinkers state that they have completely devoted themselves to the subject matter of the problem, often over fairly long periods of time. Indeed, it would be strange if they had not done this. Nothing in such statements supports the idea that there is anything very different about the problem solving that leads to discoveries of the great contributions to the society. The act of discovery, even in the relatively predictable(可以預見的) sense that it occurs in everyday learning, involves(涉及) a “sudden insight” which changes the problem situation into a solution situation. As we have seen, everyday discovery also requires that the learner have the knowledge of the rules gained in the past, which is involved in the solution.

◎What does the underlined word “this” refer to?

A. Great contributions to the society.

B. Long-time study of the subject matter.

C. Various statements about problem solving.

D. Complete devotion to artistic creation.

此題答案選B。答案的直接依據是文章中的Many creative thinkers state that they have completely devoted themselves to the subject matter of the problem, often over fairly long periods of time. Indeed, it would be strange if they had not done this 這兩句話。從句意和句子結構上看,this在此指代的應是they have completely devoted themselves to the subject matter of the problem, often over fairly long periods of time,比較四個選項,只有B與之吻合,因為選項中的long-time與原文中的over fairly long periods of time屬同義表達,選項中的study of the subject matter 與原文中的devoted themselves to the subject matter of the problem屬同義表達。

四、詞義猜測題

即要求考生根據一定的上下文猜測生詞的詞義。它是高考英語閱讀理解中的一個難點,同學們應引起充分重視。猜測生詞詞義的方法很多,常用的有同義解釋法、因果推斷法、前後對比法、基本構詞法、語境理解法、舉例說明法、常識背景法、類屬分析法等。請看安徽卷中一道詞義猜測題:

More American people take their troubles with them on holiday, according to a new survey. Although 40 percent said that the main reason for going away is to escape pressure(壓力) from work, almost all said they worry more than they do at home. Only four in every 100 said that they are happy and free of care.

◎The underlined word “survey” in the first paragraph most probably means ______.

A. research B. review C. exhibition D. examination

此題答案選A。比較四個選項,同時結合常識,文中所提到的事實和數據應該是“調查和研究”得出的(其他幾個選項可排除)。

五、推理判斷題

即要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基礎上,作出一定的判斷和推理,從而得出文章的隱含意義和深層意義。推理判斷題屬於主觀性較強的高層次閱讀理解題,做這類題目時,同學們應嚴格依據作者所陳述的細節、事實以及作者的措詞、態度和語氣等,找出能夠表露作者思想傾向和感情色彩的詞語,然後利用自己已獲得的相關知識進行推理判斷,從而得出符合邏輯的結論。此時應特別注意:當問及作者的看法、意圖與態度時,不要誤認為是在問“你”(考生)的想法,而是作者本人在字里行間所表述的觀點。請看全國卷中的一個段落:

Now the task I face in harvesting the fruit is twofold: First, I have to find the red ones among the leaves, which means I almost have to stand on my head, and once found I have to reach down and under, pick the tomatoes and withdraw(縮回) my full fist without dropping the prize so dearly won. I found two full-blown white roses completely hidden as I picked tomatoes in June, but they were weak and the leaves already yellow for lack of light.

◎By saying “the prize so dearly won” in paragraph 5, the writer wants to ______.

A. show the difficulty in picking the tomatoes

B. show the hardship of growing the roses

C. express her liking for the roses

D. express her care for the tomatoes

本文大意講的是作者在春天偶然栽種的一棵西紅柿長成後非常大,影響到園中的玫瑰花,作者在享受西紅柿美味的同時,又難以割捨珍貴的玫瑰花,面對兩種選擇,作者舉棋不定。

此題要求考生推測作者說the prize so dearly won的意圖,屬推理判斷題。此題答案選A,其推理依據主要有以下幾點:一是作者在第1句用了 the task一詞,將摘西紅柿看成是一項“任務”;二是作者在三個地方用了have to,表示摘西紅柿不容易;三是作者還用了stand on my head, reach down and under…等誇張性用詞,充分說明了摘西紅柿的難度。比較四個選項,顯然只有選項A最佳。

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⑵ 高三英語閱讀理解題訓練及答案詳解

高考英語試題中閱讀理解佔40分,是試卷中所佔比例最大的一部分。考生們在復習高考英語科目時,可以多做一些試題,下面就是我給大家帶來的,希望大家喜歡!下面就是我給大家帶來的 高三英語 閱讀理解題訓練及答案詳解,希望大家喜歡!

第一篇:

Imagine a mass of floating waste is two times the size of the state of Texas. Texas has a land area of more than 678 000 square kilometers. So it might be difficult to imagine anything twice as big.

All together, this mass of waste flowing in the North Pacific Ocean is known as the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch. It weighs about 3 500 000 tons. The waste includes bags,bottles and containers—plastic procts of all kinds.

The eastern part of the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch is about l 600 kilometers west of California. The western part is west of the Hawaiian Islands and east of Japan. The area has been described as a kind of oceanic desert,with light winds and slow moving water currents. The water moves so slow that garbage from all over the world collects there.

In recent years,there have been growing concerns about the floating garbage and its effect on sea creatures and human health. Scientists say thousands of animals get trapped in the floating waste,resulting in death or injury. Even more die from a lack of food or water after swallowing pieces of plastic. The trash can also make animals feel full,lessening their desire to eat or drink.

The floating garbage also can have harmful effects on people. There is an increased threat of infection of disease from polluted waste,and from eating fish that swallowed waste. Divers can also get trapped in the plastic.

Its existence first gained public attention in l997. That was when racing boat captain and oceanographer Charles Moore and his crew sailed into the garbage while returning from a racing event. Five years earlier,another oceanographer learned of the trash after a shipment of rubber ckies got lost at sea. Many of those toys are now part of the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch.

In August,2009,a team from the University of California,San Diego became the

latest group to travel to it. They were shocked by the amount of waste they saw. They gathered hundreds of sea creatures and water samples to measure the garbage patch』s effect on ocean environment.

51.How did the writer introce the topic of the passage?

A. By giving an example. B. By listing the facts.

C. By telling a story. D. By giving a comparison.

52.What do we know about the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch?

A. It is made up of various kinds of plastic procts.

B. It is a solid mass of floating waste materials.

C. It lies l60 000 kilometers east of California.

D. It is described as a kind of oceanic desert.

53.Why do people pay attention to the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch?

A. Because it may prevent the flow of ocean water.

B. Because the polluted plastic articles will move up the food chain.

C. Because it may be from an island in the pacific.

D. Because ships may be trapped in the floating waste.

54.Which column can you find the passage on a newspaper?

A. Sports and entertainment. B. Media and culture.

C. Environment and society. D. Science and technology.

55.The purpose of writing this passage is to____________.

A. warn people of the danger to travel in the pacific

B. analyze what caused the waste patch in the pacific

C. give advice on how to recycle waste in the ocean

D. introce the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch

第二篇:

Europeans should try to stay indoors if ash from Iceland's volcano starts settling, the World Health Organization warned Friday as small amounts fell in Iceland, Scotland and Norway.

WHO spokesman Daniel Epstein said the microscopic(微小的) ash is potentially dangerous for people when it starts to reach the Earth because inhaled(吸入) particles can enter the lungs and cause respiratory problems. And he also said Europeans who go outside might want to consider wearing a mask.

Other experts, however, weren't convinced the volcanic ash would have a major effect on peoples' health and said WHO's warnings were "hysterical." They said volcanic ash was much less dangerous than cigarette smoke or pollution. Volcanic ash is made of fine particles of fragmented volcanic rock. It is light gray to black and can be as fine as talcum powder. During a volcanic eruption, the ash can be breathed deep into the lungs and cause irritation even in healthy people. But once it falls from a greater distance — like from the cloud currently hovering above Europe — its health effects are often minimal, experts say.

"Not all particles are created equal," said Ken Donaldson, a professor of respiratory toxicology at the University of Edinburgh, "In the great scheme of things, volcanic ash is not all that harmful." And he said most Europeans' exposure to volcanic ash would be negligible and that only those in the near districts of the Icelandic volcano would likely be at risk.

Dr. Stephen Spiro, a professor of respiratory medicine and deputy chair of the British Lung Foundation, said the further the particles travel, the less dangerous they will be. "The cloud has already passed over northern Scotland and we haven't heard of any ill effects there," he said. Spiro said to wear masks or stay indoors to avoid volcanic ash was "over the top" and "a bit hysterical."

60. The text is mainly about .

A. the effect of volcanic ash

B. the health risk of volcanic ash

C. the disadvantages of volcanic ash

D. the opinions on health risk of volcanic ash

61. Which one is true according to Paragraph3?

A. The volcanic ash』s effects on Europeans were little.

B. The ash caused irritation even in healthy people.

C. Other experts thought WTO』S warnings were useful.

D. The volcanic ash was more dangerous than cigarette smoke or pollution.

62. The underlined word 「hysterical」 in Paragraph4 most probably means .

A. amazing B. practical C. valuable D. overstated

63. What can we learn from the passage?

A. The volcanic ash wouldn』t be harmful to people.

B. All experts thought the volcanic ash did great harm to our health.

C. People close to the volcano would likely be at risk according to some experts.

D. Europeans should stay indoors because Iceland's volcano starts settling.

第一篇:

51.D。推理判斷題。根據第一段」Imagine a mass of floating waste is two times the state of Texas.Texas has a land area of more than 678 000 square kilometers.So it might be difficult to imagine anything twice as big.」可知,作者拿得克薩斯州與大量的垃圾漂浮物進行比較,所以選D項。

52.A。細節判斷題。根據第二段中的」The waste includes bags,bottles and containers—plastic procts of all kinds.」可知,這些垃圾漂流物是塑料製品。

53.B。細節理解題。根據第五段中的」There is an increased threat of infection of

disease from polluted waste,and from eating fish that swallowed waste.」可知受污染的塑料製品會通過食物鏈來影響人類。

54.C。推理判斷題。根據本文內容可知,這篇 文章 最有可能出現在報紙上」環境與社會」這個欄目里。

55.D。作者意圖題。本文通過介紹太平洋上漂浮的大量的塑料垃圾廢物的情況,指出了它們對海洋中的生物以及人類的影響,所以D項正確。

第二篇:

60.D. 主旨大意題。本文主要就火山灰對人的健康的危害問題世衛組織和其他專家給出不同觀點。A太籠統;B不能體現不同的觀點;C與文章內容無關;D符合題意。

61. A. 細節理解題。第三段最後一句可知A是正確的;由第三段中During a volcanic eruption……in healthy people.可知B錯誤;由第三段中Other experts, however, weren't convinced…… cigarette smoke or pollution可排除C D。

62. D. 詞義猜測題。由上文中volcanic ash is not all that harmful和下文中only those in the near vicinity of the Icelandic volcano would likely be at risk可知D正確, 誇大的,言過其實的。

63.C. 由第三段 But once it falls from a greater distance….. effects are often minimal和第四段中 only those in the near vicinity of the Icelandic volcano would likely be at risk以及第五段中 the further the particles travel, the more diluted and less dangerous they will be可知C正確。ABD觀點表達絕對。


⑶ 高考英語閱讀理解解題技巧全攻略

【 #英語資源# 導語】為了讓同學們被少扣分甚至不扣分, 考 網總結了高考英語閱讀理解題型的超詳細解題技巧和方法,高考來啦,快快收藏起來好好研究吧!




閱讀理解


通過詳細分析歷年高考英語試卷,我們可將閱讀理解歸納為以下幾種題型:主旨大意題,細節理解題,推理判斷題(含寫作意圖、目的等),詞義猜測題。英語閱讀理解題的技巧與策略是學生提高閱讀理解多需要具備的。


一、 主旨大意題


這類題在設題時常會用到title, subject, main idea, topic, theme等詞。


1.歸納標題題


特點:短小精悍,一般多為一個短語;涵蓋性強,一般能覆蓋全文意思;精確性強,表達范圍要恰當,不能隨意改變語意程度或色彩。常見命題形式有:


What』s the best title for the text?


The best title for this passage is ___.


Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?


2. 概括大意題


包括尋找段落大意(topic)和文章中心思想(main idea),常見命題形式有:


What is the general/main idea of the passage? Which of the following expresses the main idea? What is the subject discussed in the text?


BThe writer of the story wants to tell us that_____. The passage/ text is mainly about_____. What』s the article mainly about ?


解題技巧


閱讀理解文章多是議論文和說明文 ,這兩種文體的結構可歸納為:提出問題——論述問題——得出結論或者闡明觀點。對於這類文章,抓主題句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。主題句一般出現在文章的開頭或結尾。主題句具有簡潔性、概括性的特點。主題句在文章中的位置主要有以下幾種情況攔碧。


位於段首 :一般而言,以演繹法撰寫的文章,主題句往往在文章的開頭,即先點出主題,然後圍繞這一主題作具體的陳述。判斷第一句是否為主題句,可具體分析段落的首句與第凳早二,三句的關系;如果從第二句就開始對第一句進行說明,論述或描述,那第一句就是主題句。有些段落,在主題句後面有明顯引出細節的信號詞,如for example, an example of; first, second, next, last, finally; to begin with, also, besides; one, the other; some, others等。在閱讀中應盡量利用上述信號詞來確定主題句的位置。


位於段尾 :有些文章會在開頭列舉事實, 然後通過論證闡述作者簡粗舉的核心論點。因此,如果第一句話不是概括性的或綜合性的話,快速讀一讀段落的最後一個句子,看看它是否具備主題句的特徵。如果它具備主題句的特徵,段落的主題思想就很容易確定了。一般說來,當一種觀點不易向人解釋清楚或不易被人接受時,主題句便會到段落的末尾才出現。學生可以充分利用引出結論的信號詞。如so,therefore,thus,consequently;in conclusion,in short;in a word, to sum up等來確定主題句的位置在段尾。當無明顯的此類信號時,學生可在段落的最後一句話前面添加一個引出結論的信號詞,以確定其是否是主題句。


位於段中 :有時段落是先介紹背景和細節,接著用一句綜合或概括性的話概括前面所說的內容或事例,然後再圍繞主題展開對有關問題的深入討論。這種文章的主題句往往會在段落中間出現。歸納起來主要有兩種情況:先提出問題,然後給予回答(主題句),最後給予解釋;或者,先提出問題,然後點出主題思想(主題句),最後給予解釋。


首尾呼應 :主題句在段落的開頭和結尾兩個位置上先後出現,形成前呼後應的格局。這兩個主題句敘說的是同一個內容,但用詞不盡相同,這樣不但強調了主題思想,而且顯得靈活多變。這兩個句子並非簡單重復,後一個主題句或對該主題作最後的評述,或對要點作一概括,或使之引申留給讀者去思考。


無明確主題句:找關鍵詞(出現頻率較高), 歸納總結。


注意


新題型中有一個選項是干擾項,解答此類題時同學易犯以下三種錯誤:


(1)表述過於片面,只涵蓋該段個別細節;


(2)表述太過於籠統,已經超出該段的內容;


(3)表述與段落內容無關,在段落中找不到相關依據


二、細節理解題


考查內容主要涉及時間、地點、人物、事件、原因、結果、數字等議論文中例證細節和定義類細節。這類題目的共同特點是:答案一般都能在文章中找到。當然,答案並不一定是文章中的原句,考生需要根據文章提供的信息自己組織語句回答問題。


1.事實細節題→尋讀法


分為直接理解題和間接理解題,前者常用who, what, which, when, where, why和how提問,或判斷正誤;後者需與原文信息轉換,表達上與原文有差異。常見命題形式有:


What can we learn from the passage?


All the following are mentioned except


Which of the following is mentioned (not mentioned)?


Which of the following statements is true/right/false/wrong about…?


2. 排列順序題→首尾定位法 (找出第一個事件和最後一個事件,用排除法縮小范圍)


常出現在記敘文和說明文中,一般按事件發生的順序。常見命題形式有:


Which of the following is the correct order of…? Which of the following shows the path of signals described in Paragraph…?


3. 圖文匹配題→按圖索驥理清線索


設題形式:給出圖表,根據圖表提問問題。


4. 數字計算題→ (方法:審題→帶著問題找細節→對比、分析、計算)


可直接找到相關細節,但需經過計算方可找到答案。


三、推理判斷題


主要考查學生對文章中隱含或深層的含意的理解能力。它要求考生根據文章內容做出合乎邏輯的推斷,包括考生對作者觀點的理解,態度的判斷,對修辭、語氣、隱含意思等的理解。題干關鍵詞:infer(推斷),


indicate(象徵,暗示), imply/suggest(暗示), conclude(作出結論), assume(假定,設想).


1.細節推理判斷題


一般可根據短文提供的信息或藉助生活常識進行推理判斷,常見命題形式有:


It can be inferred/ concluded from the text that __________.


The author implies/ suggests that_____.


We may infer that _________.


Which of the following statements is implied but NOT stated?


2.預測推理判斷題


根據語篇對文章接下來的內容或可能的結局進行猜測,常見命題形式有: What do you think will happen if/when…?


At the end of this passage, the writer might continue to write_____


3.推測文章來源或讀者對象


常見命題形式有:


The passage is probably take out of_____


The passage would most likely be found in_____


Where does this text probably come from?


4.寫作意圖、目的、態度推斷題


作者的語氣態度往往不會直接寫在文章里,只能通過細讀文章,從作者的選詞及其修飾手段中體會出來。


詢問寫作目的的題,選項里常出現的詞 是:explain(解釋), prove (證明), persuade(勸說), advise(勸告), comment(評論), praise(贊揚), criticize(批評), entertain(娛樂), demonstrate(舉例說明), argue(辯論), tell(講述), analyze(分析)等。


詢問語氣態度的題,選項里 常出現的詞 是:neutral(中立的), sympathetic(同情的), satisfied(滿意的), friendly(友好的), enthusiastic(熱情的), subjective(主觀的), objective(客觀的), matter-of-fact(實事求是的), pessimistic(悲觀的), optimistic(樂觀的), critical(批評的), doubtful(懷疑的), hostile(敵對的), indifferent(冷淡的), disappointed(失望的)。


常見命題形式有:


The purpose of the text is_____


What is the main purpose of the author writing the text? By mentioning…, the author aims to show that_____


What is the author』s attitude towards…?


What is the author』s opinion on…?


The author』s tone in this passage is _____.


解答技巧


推斷題是考查學生透過文章表面的文字信息進行分析、綜合、歸納等邏輯推理的能力。推理和判斷必須以事實為依據,切莫主觀臆斷。


①那些文章中直接陳述的內容不能選,要選擇根據文章推理出來的選項。


②推理不是憑空猜測,而是立足已知推斷未知;作出正確答案時一定要在文中找到依據或理由。


③要忠實於原文,以文章提供的事實和線索為依據。不能以自己的觀點代替作者的想法;不要脫離原文主觀臆斷。


四、詞義猜測題


考點:


①猜測某個詞、片語、句子的意義


②對文中的多義詞或片語進行定義


③判斷某個代詞的指代的對象。常見命題形式有:


The underlined word/phrase in the second paragraph means _____.


The word 「it/they」 in the last sentence refers to______.


The word 「…」(Line 6. para.2)probably means ______.


The word 「…」(Line 6. para.2)could best be replaced by which of the following?


Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word 「…」 ?


解答技巧


1.通過因果關系猜詞通過因果關系猜詞


首先是找出生詞與上下文之間的邏輯關系,然後才能猜詞。有時文章藉助關聯詞(如because,as,since,for,so,thus,as a result,of course,therefore等等)表示前因後果。


例如:You shouldn't have blamed him for that,for it wasn't his fault. 通過for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的錯),可猜出blame的詞義是"責備"。


2.通過同義詞和反義詞的關系猜詞


通過同義詞猜詞 ,一是要看由and或or連接的同義詞片語,如happy and *,即使我們不認識*這個詞,也可以知道它是愉快的意思;二是看在進一步解釋的過程中使用的同義詞,如Man has known something about the planets Venus,Mars,and Jupiter with the help of spaceships. 此句中的Venus(金星)、Mars(火星)、Jupiter(木星)均為生詞,但只要知道planets就可猜出這幾個詞都屬於"行星"這一義域。


通過反義詞猜詞 ,一是看錶轉折關系的連詞或副詞,如but,while,however等;二是看與not搭配的或表示否定意義的詞語,如:He is so homely,not at all as handsome as his brother.根據not at all...handsome我們不難推測出homely的意思,即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。


3.通過構詞法猜詞


根據前綴、後綴、復合、派生等構詞知識判斷生詞詞義。如:She is unlikely to have stolen the money. ( 「un」含否定意義,故為「不太可能」之意。)


4.通過定義或釋義關系來推測詞義


例如:But sometimes,no rain falls for a long,long time. Then there is a dry period,or drought. 從drought所在句子的上文我們得知很久不下雨,於是便有一段乾旱的時期,即drought,由此可見drought意思為"久旱","旱災"。而a dry period和drought是同義語。這種同義或釋義關系常由is,or,that is,in other words,be called或破折號等來表示。


5.通過句法功能來推測詞義


例如:Bananas,oranges,pineapples,coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生詞,我們可以從這兩個詞在句中所處的位置來判斷它們大致的意思。從句中不難看出pineapples,coconuts和bananas,oranges是同類關系,同屬fruit類,因此它們是兩樣水果,准確地說,是菠蘿和椰子。


6.通過描述猜詞


描述即作者對該人或該物作出的外在相貌或內在特徵的描寫。例如:The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly,it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.從例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一種生活在南極的鳥類。後面更詳盡地描述了該鳥類的生活習性。


7. 根據常識猜詞


如:The door was so low that he hit his head on the lintel.(lintel 「過梁」。)


Afraid of waking the baby up, she tiptoed out of the room.(tiptoed 「踮著腳走,躡手躡腳」)


七選五


高考閱讀理解信息匹配的7選5題型,主要考查考生對文章的整體內容和結構以及上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握。


從題型和內容我們可以看出 ,選項可分為:


a.主旨概括句(文章整體內容)


b.過渡性句子(文章結構)


c.注釋性句子(上下文邏輯意義)三類。


其多餘的兩個干擾項也往往從這三方面進行設置,如主旨概括句或過於寬泛或以偏概全或偏離主題,過渡性句子不能反映文章的行文結構,注釋性句子與上文脫節等。


高考英語閱讀七選五題型要求考生從整體上把握文章的邏輯結構和內容上的聯系,理解句子之間、段落之間的關系,對諸如連貫性、一致性等語段特徵有較強的意識和熟練的把握,並具備運用語法知識分析理解長難句的能力。可以說,此題型是對語言能力和閱讀理解能力的綜合測試。


一、解題思路


1、理清句際間的關系


文章的內容是根據各層各段的大意有機地組合而成,各個層次,各個段落之間不管怎樣錯落有致,但它所表達的內容都是要圍繞中心的,各句之間都有一定的語脈,從邏輯意義上來看,語段的句際關系可分為平列、順序、層遞、轉折、總分、解釋、因果等關系。


構成語段的各個句子之間有時可以包含一種以上的句際關系。


因此,理解閱讀材料時一定要把握語脈,理清句際間的關系,進而理解語段或全文的內容。


2、找出句子之間的連接性的詞語


文章的語句間的組合,除了從語句間的意義關系分析外,還可藉助句子之間的連接性詞語來把握,因為連接性詞語能表明這個語段句與句之間、層與層之間的基本關系有:


承接關系(如 so, therefore, thus, hence, accordingly, consequently, as a result 等)


平列關系(如first, second, third…; firstly, secondly, thirdly…; first, next, then…; in the first place, in the second place…; for one thing, for another thing…;to begin with, to conclude 等)。如文中的選項 71,由 Second、Third 得知應選表示平列關系的句子 G.項。


轉折關系(如 however, nevertheless, nonetheless, still, though, yet, in spite of, at any rate, in any case, whoever,whatever on the contrary, in contrast, by contrast, in comparison, by comparison, conversely, otherwise 等)。比如選項 75,與前句構成了轉折關系,故應選 D 項答案。


層遞關系(如 also, further, furthermore, likewise, similarly, moreover, in addition, what』s more, too, either, neither,not…but…, not only…but also 等)。如 72 選項,與前句組合為層遞關系,故應選包含 also 的 E.項句子。


解釋關系,如 73 選項應選 F.選項,與 74 選項平等的,是一組祈示句,而非陳述句,故應選 A.項而非 B項。


二、解題步驟


1、通讀全文


在 閱讀過程中,要注意文章的開始與結束段落,尤其是文章的首段及末段末句,因為「開門見山」與「結尾總結」的寫作方式為常見的寫作方式,首段的末句一般是是 全文的主題所在,說明本文將探討哪些內容,並簡要指出文章的寫作思路,有時甚至會以提綱的形式進行呈現。首段的末句對於快速掌握文章的主題具有重要意義, 如果它是文章的主題句,就可以使讀者迅速明確文章情節將如何展開,並對文章的寫作主題有了整體的了解。如果末句不是主題句,則需要繼續尋找。這時,可以考 慮文章的寫作方式是否為「結尾總結」式,如兩者均可排除,則需在文章中其他段落尋找主題句,但要注意,首段與末段的提示作用。


2、詳讀段落


在短時間內,找出每段寫作內容的關鍵詞。明確各段的主題句或主旨大意。


文章正文部分通常分為若干小段落。各段落會根據整體文章寫作主題展開,對文章主體進行的不同方面的描述。找出各個小段落中的關鍵詞,明確其描述內容,為整體試題的解決做好鋪墊。閱讀各個空的前後句,標記關鍵詞


在閱讀文章的開始部分、明確文章的基本話題以後,要閱讀五個空各自的前後句,並將前後句中的解題線索,即關鍵詞標記下來。關鍵詞包括句中的核心名詞或名詞片語(如帶有形容詞的名詞片語)、專有名詞、時間數字、代詞、連詞等。


重點閱讀各個問題附近的句子,圈定線索詞,然後從選項中尋找相關的特徵詞,以確定答案。做題時可以採用代入排除法。如果一題做不出或拿不準,可先放過,繼續往下讀,先做容易的能做出的題,直到讀完整篇文章。至此,文章的要點和主旨、各個段落之間的邏輯關系應基本清楚了。


3、定位選項


明確各備選選項的含義,抓住其關鍵詞語,根據文章整體結構與具體內容,將選項填入文中,填寫時尤為注意各選項中出現的句子銜接手段及句中的銜接標志詞。


在定位選項時,要特別注意空格上下段的寫作內容,以及空格上段尾句和下段首句的結構和意義。將所選項放入空白處,看看是否與上下文構成語義及邏輯上的直接關系,是否符合該處語境。能否承接前後的寫作線索。使文章無論內容還是銜接上都能做到通順。


一篇文章作為一個整體,是有其寫作的線索與思路的,在選項定位中,要尤其注意文章的寫作線索,文章的寫作思路的連貫使文章的每個段落、每個句子甚至每個短語均融為一體。如果帶入選項後,發現文章寫作線索中斷或是前後矛盾,應更換其它選項。


4、通讀復檢


將所選答案代入文中,再次通讀全文,重點考查邏輯關系和關聯結構。


在 完成選項定位後,應通讀全文,檢查文章內容是否完整,語義是否連貫合理、各段落內容是否緊扣主題,語篇結構是否通順連貫、具有一致性、合乎邏輯,寫作思路 是否清晰明了,格式以及用語是否恰當貼切,從而判斷選擇的答案是否正確。同時,我們還應注意對相近選項的對比分析,個別干擾項由於與某個正確選項的內容相 近具有很強的干擾性,這時就需要我們認真分析,仔細甄別,排除干擾,從而得出正確選項。


5、確定排除


研究多餘選項,確定排除理由,最終確定答案。


盡管答案都已經確定,但是為了避免失誤,對多餘的選項進行進一步的研究,確定它們和文章的主題和前後句意沒有關聯性之後,才是最終的結果。

⑷ 高考英語閱讀理解試題及答案

高考英語閱讀理解試題及答案

閱讀能力決定於多方面,如詞彙量、語言知識積累程度、語法及句子結構分析的能力以及非語言知識的知識面等,甚至一個人當時當地的情緒有時也在一定程度上左右著閱讀水平的發揮。為了幫助大家提高英語閱讀理解能力,我整理了一些高考英語閱讀理解題,歡迎閱讀!

Children

Children in the United States are exposed to many influences other than that of their families.Television is the most significant of these influences,because the habit of watching television usually begins before children start attending school.

Parents are concerned about the lack of quality in television programs for children.The degree of violence in many of these shows also worries them.Studies indicate that,when children are exposed to violence,they many become aggressive or insecure. Parents are also concerned at,out the commercials that their children see on television. Many parents would like to see fewer commercials ring programs for children.And some parents feel that these shows should not have any commercials at all because young minds are not mature enough to deal with the claims made by advertisers.

Ecational television has no commercials and has programs for children that many parents approve of The most famous of these is Sesame Street,which tries to give preschool children a head start in learning the alphabet(字母)and numbers.It also flies to teach children useful things about the world in which they live.

Even though most parents and ecators give Sesame Street and shows like it high marks for quality,some critics argue that all television,whether ecational or not,is harmful to children.These critics feel that the habit of watching hours of television every day turns children into bored and passive(被動

的)consumers of their world rather than encouraging them to become active explorers of it.

41.Which of the following statements is NOT based on the passage?

A.Parents are worried about the influence from television on their children

B Television has much influence on children

C Both parents and their children like watching ecational television.

D.Some critics think that television is no good for children.

42.In what ways do children suffer from television?

A.They become the victims of social violence

B They spend hours watching television instead of doing school work

C The programs make the children lose interest in the world.

D The programs make the children spend too much of their parents money

43.Parents would not like their children to see commercials because ___

A.they think that their children ore not old enough to handle advertising

B.commercials teach children alphabet and numbers

C.commercials help to sell procts

D.they dont like commercials

44.Ecational television is widely appreciated because

A.it does have the same commercials as others

B.it offers programs for both children and their parents

C many parents like the programs it offers for their children

D.children can learn some school subjects before they go to school

45.Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?

A.Watching Too Much Television May Be Harmful to Young Minds

B.Television Is More Harmful than Ecational

C.Televisions Influence on Children

D More Ecation Television

答案:CCACC

現在的美國兒童與他們的父母不同,受到各個方面的影響。這些影響中最重要的是電視節目,因為常常在孩子們還沒上學之間就養成了看電視的習慣了。

家長們對於兒童節目質量的'低下很擔憂。這些節目中出現的暴力的程度也煩惱著他們。研究顯示,當兒童接觸到暴力相關的節目,很多人會變得具有攻擊性或者沒有安全感。

家長們對於孩子們在電視上看到的廣告同樣也很擔憂。在兒童節目的時間,家長建議減少廣告的播出。一些家長甚至認為這種時間段的節目中根本不應該有廣告,鑒於兒童的思想還不夠成熟,不能對廣告中的一些話語做出判斷。

教育台沒有廣告,而且播出的兒童節目家長們都很贊賞。其中有個最有名的節目叫芝麻街,主要是給學齡前兒童關於數字和字母的啟蒙教育,以及對他們所在的世界的一些有幫助的認識。

即便大多數的家長和教育者給與芝麻街,以及這類的節目很高的評價,一些評論家還是認為所有的電視節目,無論教育性與否,對於兒童都是有害的。他們認為每天看幾個小時電視這種習慣讓兒童變成世界消極無聊且被動的取食者,而不是鼓勵兒童變成世界積極的探索者。

English literature

Some of the notebooks George Washington kept as a young man are still in existence. They show that he was learning Latin,was very interested in the basics of good behavior in society,and was reading English literature.

At school he seems only to have been interested in mathematics.In fact,his formal ecation was surprisingly brief for a gentleman,and incomplete For unlike other young Virginian of that day,he did not go to the College of William and Mary in the Virginian capital of Williamsburg.In terms of formal training then,Washington contrasts sharply with some other early American Presidents such as John Adams,Thomas Jefferson and James Madison.In later years,Washington probably regretted his lack of intellectual training He never felt comfortable in a debate in Congress(國會),or on any Subject that had not to do with everyday,practical matters And because he never learned French and could not speak directly to the French leaders,he did not visit the country he admired SO much.Thus,unlike Jefferson and Adams,he never reached Europe

31.Why didnt Washington go to college?

A.His family could not afford it.

B A college ecation was rather uncommon in his time.

C.He didnt like the young Virginian gentlemen

D.The author doesnt give any reason.

32.Washington felt uncomfortable in Congress debates because he _____

A.1acked practice in public speaking

B.felt his ecation was not good enough

C.didnt like arguing and debating with people

D felt that debating was like intellectual training

33 The reason why Washington didnt visit France was probably that he _____

A.didnt really care about going

B.didnt know French 1eaders

C.couldnt communicate directly with the French leaders

D.was too busy to Navel

34 According to the author _____

A Washingtons lack of formal ecation placed him at a disadvantage in later life

B.Washington should have gone to France even though he could not speak French

C.Washington was not as good a president as Adams,Jefferson or Madison

D Washington was a model for all Virginian gentlemen

35.The main idea of the passage is that Washingtons ecation ____

A was of great variety,covering many Subjects

B was probably equal to those of most young gentlemen of his time

C.may seem poor by modern standards.but was good enough for his time

D was rather limited for a president

答案:DBCAD

George Washington 年輕時候的一些手札仍然保存完好。從這些手札中我們可以得知,當時的George Washington正在學習拉丁語言和閱讀一些英國文學,並對基本的優雅社交行為深感興趣。 在學校的學習中,George Washington好像只喜歡數學這一科。實際上,他作為一個標准紳士的正式教育是不完整的,簡直簡短的令人驚訝。和當時弗吉尼亞州的年輕人不同,他沒有去位於弗吉尼亞州府威廉堡的William and Mary 學院。那麼在正式的訓練方面,Washington和其他早期的美國總統——如John Adams, Thomas Jefferson 和James Madison就有著鮮明的對比。在後來的日子裡,Washington大概對自己教育的缺乏感到後悔了。無論是對於國會的商討活動,還是其他並不是每天都常見的問題,或者一些實踐性的事物,Washington始終不能輕松應對。而且因為他從沒學過法語,無法和法國的領導人直接交流,所以沒能去訪問這個他最嚮往的國家。因此,

和Jefferson還有Adams不同,他始終也沒有訪問過歐洲。

;

⑸ 關於高考英語閱讀理解題的應考技巧

■策略一、緊扣主旨大意

高考英語閱讀理解的主旨大意題主要是考查考生在理解全文的基礎上運用概括、判斷、歸納、推理等邏輯思維的方法對文章進行高度的概括或總結的能力。常見的設問方式有:

●標題類:what'sthebesttitle/headlinefor

thepassage?

●大意類:thetextismainlyabout__.the

topic/_.fromthepassage,wecanconcludethat_.

inwritingthepassage?

針對主旨大意類型的題,考生可以掌握以下解題策略:把握文章邏輯結構,快速找出主題;尋找主題句,確定文章中心思想;將首段中心句和各段第一句話連接成一個整體,得出文章主題;逆向思維法解標題類問題。

一、把握文章邏輯結構,快速找出主題

高考閱讀理解文章的主要邏輯結構:

1、時間順序。按時間先後順序說明某一事件、某一理論的發展過程,屬於這種結構的文章主題通常在首段或末段。

2、“總說-分述”結構。首段做總的說明,其他段落分別說明或具體論述首段的觀點,屬於這種結構的文章主題在首段。最典型的是新聞報道類文章,此類體裁的文章在近年高考閱讀中逐漸增多。一般這類文章都有固定格式:城市名稱(新聞社)———新聞內容。掌握一些國際知名新聞社的英文名稱是必要的,路透社reuters,美聯社associatedpress,法新社agencefrancepresse。梁世

3、“分述-總說”結構。前面幾段分別說明,末段總結。屬於這種結構的文章主題在末段。

二、尋找主題句,確定文章中心思想

不是所有的文章都有主題句,對於大部分有主題句的文章來說,主題句表達了文章的中心思想,找到了主題句,也就抓住了文章的主旨大意。主題句呈現的形式有:

1、在文首。文章開門見山,提出主題,隨後擺事實、講道理來解釋、支撐和發展主題句所表達的主題思想。2、在文帶渣緩中。通常前面只提出問題,隨之陳述細節引出主題,而後做進一步的解釋、支撐或發展。3、在文尾。在表述細節後,歸納要點,得出結論,以概括主題。

三、將首段中心句和各段第一句話連接成一個整體,得出文章主題

通常有些文章會在首段提出一個重要論點,隨後在各段分別進一步從不同角度繼續闡述,這樣我們可以找出首段的中心句,再將其和各段第蠢模一句串聯在一起,就可以得出文章的中心思想。如:(2006北京卷d篇71題)



a.

b.-ment

c.

d.

第一段:

infantdeathcaused,motherandchild.

第二段:oneofthesepremodernattach-ment-



intothesecondyear.…

第三段:athirdpracticewhichhadthe

samedistancingeffectwaswet-nursing.…

從第一段的中心句和各段的第一句不難看出,這篇文章的標題應該是ment.

四、逆向思維法解標題類問題

(2005全國i卷b篇62題)whatwould

bethebesttitleforthetext?

a.across-countrytripb.aspecialbor-derpassc.anunguardedborderd.anexpensivechurchvisit

如果標題是across-countrytrip,那麼文章應該講述一次出境旅行;如果標題是aspecialborderpass,那麼文章應該著重講一個特殊的邊境通行證;如果標題是anunguardedborder,那麼文章應該側重講邊境如何不設防;如果標題是anexpensivechurchvisit,那麼文章應該講一次禮拜如何花費昂貴了。經過這樣的逆向思維,我們不難發現文章的內容恰好與標題anexpensivechurch

visit一致,因此應該選d。

一、對於寫作意圖的把握

1.注意連接詞的使用:,mydad

tookmetothewildliferefuge.heneeded

-iment.atfirst,.whatifonetriedtoeatme?butwehadalotofhelp,and

mydadknewalotaboutalligators,soitwasok.

first,but,so等展開的。所設題目是:



a.

fiercealligatorsb.

c..

某些句型表面看上去是比較級,而實際上是最高級含義。mymotherdeci-dedtotakemeonthetrip.itcouldn'tbebetter.(itcouldn'tbebetter=it'sgreat.意為“太好了”)

注意虛擬語氣的使用。.(我多麼希望已通過了駕照考試呀!)此句暗含的事實是:並沒通過考試。

3.將自己想像為故事中的主人公,體會其心理感受

有一篇文章,寫一個老太太剛剛在海邊買了一座別墅,打算在那裡度過餘生。因為那裡的氣候濕潤溫暖,更適合她的健康。此時她站在曾經生活了25年的房子里,最後環顧這曾經裝載了她的大半生的房子。所給的問題是:?正確答案是:herfeelingiscomplex.其他的選項如sheishappy/she

issad等都片面。只要我們設身處地站在老太太的位置上想一想,就不難找到正確答案。

4.把握全篇文脈,仔細揣摩事情發生的背景

我們不僅要掌握一定的語言知識,還需要平時儲備一定的邏輯推理能力以及必要的西方的文化背景知識,才能完全領會文章的主旨或者其所滲透出的幽默感。請看下面這篇介紹父子關系的文章。第一句話就開門見山:myfatherandiwereveryclose.hewasalwaysproudofmysuccess.然後用一個事例說明:ifiwonaspelingcontestatschool,hewasontopoftheworld.如果知道beontopoftheworld是“高興至極”的意思,也只是理解了語言的表層含義。接下來:wheniwasnamedpresidentofthe

fordmotorcompany,ididn'tknowwhichofuswasmoreexcited.正確理解了上文的鋪墊,才會真正領會此句暗含的意味及幽默:實際上父親比我還高興。如果對西方人的生活方式及習慣比較了解的話,也不難接受下面的句子:-

tunity———.我們再來繼續欣賞一下父親鮮明的個性:.-torcycle.unfortunately,myfatherandhis

motorcycledidn'tgetalongtoowell.he

.asaresult,.讀懂了這些,就不難理

解下文中為什麼父親不讓“我”擁有一輛自行車,反而當“我”剛滿16歲就讓我開車了。正確理解了文章的來龍去脈及內涵,對於文後題目的處理也就會輕而易舉了。

二、對於出題意圖的把握

1.正確理解一個事物的兩個方面

有些題目不是直接照搬原文的話,而是用一些另外的語言表達出同樣的意思,因此我們必須掌握用英文解釋英文的技能。如一篇介紹輟學學生的文章,文章先後兩次談到學生輟學後的感想。第一次:

theymadeamistakebygivingupand

.

第二次:.文後的題目是whichof

-age?正確答案是:.雖然

原文沒有像題目這樣明確說明,但其實這是一個事物的兩個方面;對於輟學的後悔其實就是希望繼續上學。通過正確推斷這些文句的含義,即可找出正確答案。

2.以文章內容為基礎進行判斷

■策略三、合理推理判斷

一、理解定義。判斷是對已知的事實仔細評價之後做出的合理決定。推理是對事實的內涵所做的陳述或以事實為依據對未知所做的陳述。注意無論是判斷還是推理都是以已知事實為依據。

二、推理題常見的提問形式。常以infer,

imply,indicate,suggest,conclude,learn,in-

tend,mean,describe,purpose等詞提問。

或含有表推測的情態動詞,如can,could,might,would等和其他表示可能性的動詞,如probably,mostlikely等。

三、具體策略

1.通過辨認細節的技巧,找到相關的事實或證據,對這些事實或證據進行分析和評價,在此基礎上再作決定。切記:推斷是以文章提供的事實為依據,而不是憑空想像,更不是讀者自己的意願。

2.藉助常識。在推理判斷題中,我們平時積累的一些常識通常會派上用場。2006年陝西高考英語試卷中一篇關於通信發展史的閱讀最為典型。a.

faster.b.slower.大家都應知道交通越來越發達,郵電業當然是faster.此篇還涉及到有關發郵件的常識,如果同學們有這個commonsense,就如魚得水了。

3.務必要用排除法。排除法在此類題型中發揮著不可磨滅的作用。根據在文章中找到的事實依據和常識排除錯誤信息,再排除和文章中一詞不差的信息(文章里的原句不會是推理判斷出來的結果,但通過同義詞或句型轉換過的選項有可能是正確答案),最後再排除無關或偏離信息,正確答案就不言而喻了。

4.詞句段篇,相互交融。詞的理解要放在句子里,句子的理解要靠段,段的理解也離不開篇。單獨說floor誰都知道是什麼意思,但…,inherownhandwriting…這個語境里是surprised的意思。因此不能獨立地看某個詞或某句話。此外,學生對一詞多義或一些習語的積累也是很有必要的,這就要靠同學們課下多下工夫了。

例heisanoldcobbler(修鞋匠)withashopinthemarais,ahistoricareainparis.whenitookhimmyshoes,heat

firsttoldme:“ihavenotime.takethem

;he'll

fixthemrightaway.”

buti'.justlookingathisbench

,iknewhewasaskilledcraftsman(手藝人).“no,”ireplied,“theotherfellowcan'tdo

itwel.”

“theotherfellow”wasoneofthose

“while-u-wait”-.theyworkcarelessly,andwhentheyhavefin-ishedsewingbackasandalstrap(鞋帶)you

.

mymansawiwouldn'tgivein,andhesmiled.hewipedhishandsonhisblueapron(圍裙),lookedatmyshoes,,“comebackinaweek.”.

“seewhaticando?”hesaidwithapride.“onlythreeofusinpariscando

thiskindofwork.”

whenigotbackoutintothestreet,

theworldseemedbrand-newtome.(傳說),-

ingfamiliarly,hisverystrange,styfelthat,hisfunnyaccentfromwho-knows-whereand,aboveal,hisprideinhiscraft.

thesearetimeswhennothingisim-portantbutthebottomline,“pays”,when,inshort,peoplelookonworkasapathtoever-increasingconsumption(消費)-ties.-tionfrom

prideinajobweldone.

1.?

a.

tools.b.hewastheonlycobblerinthe

marais.c.hewasproudofhisskils.d.hewasanativeparisian.

2.thesentence“.”impliedthat___

a.

likehimb..themanwasvery

stranged.themanwastooold

解析:1.c文中多處提到關於自豪的字眼acobblerwhogetshisgreatest

.andhesaidwithapride.這正是c項的涵義。a,d是無關信息文中沒有提及排除b是錯誤選項。依據:theotherfellow還有onlythreeofusinpariscando…

2.a說他像古代傳奇中的人物。言行,打扮尤其對自己手藝的自豪,現代社會罕見。insuchaperioditisarare

.b,d在文章中沒有任何依據,排除。c項的strange很有迷惑性但文中說到的是strangehatnottheman.

■【試試看吧】

allthroughmyboyhoodandyouth,iwasknownasanidler;,whichwastolearntowrite.ikeptalwaystwobooksinmypocket,onetoread,onetowritein.asiwalked,

words;whenisatbytheroadside,iwouldeitherread,orapencilandanote-bookwouldbeinmyhand,.thusilivedwithwords.

;.(thoughiwishedthat,too)asthati

.;andipractisedtoacquireit.;-.but

iworkedinotherwaysalso;ioftenaccom-,inwhichiplayedmanyparts;.

thiswasallexcellent,nodoubt..goodasitwas,.andregardedastraining,ithad

onegravedefect;.sotherewasperhapsmoreprofit,astherewascertainlymoreeffort,in

mysecretlaboursathome.wheneveri

,,(巧妙特色)inthestyle,imustsitdownatonceandsetmy-selftoapethatquality.iwasunsuccessfulandiknew

it;andtriedagain,;-ticeinrhythm,inharmony,.ihavethus

playedtheselousapetohzlitte,tolamb,towordsworth,todefoe,to

hawthorne.that,likeitornot,istheway

tolearntowrite;whetherihaveprofitedornot,thatistheway.itwasso,ifwecouldtraceitout,thatallmenhavelearned.

1.inthispassage______.

a.

successful

b.

c.

d.

learningtowrite

2.fromthispassagewecaninferthat____.
a..

b.

learningtowrite

c.

fromone'syoungerdays

d.failureisthemotherofsuccess

參考答案db

⑹ 高考英語閱讀理解類型

高考英語閱讀理解類型

閱讀理解是高考英語試卷中卷面分值最高的,為了方便考生們更好地復習英語,我在這里整理了高考英語閱讀理解類型及答題技巧,希望能對考生們有所幫助!

【英語閱讀文體類型簡析】

高考英語閱讀常見的文體類型有:記敘文、議論文、說明文和應用文。

[1]、記敘文。

英語記敘文以描寫敘述為主,主要描寫人物、事件、地點、或過程。特點是,其主題往往潛伏在字里行間,沒有直接地表白出來;文章主旨要透過體察所揭示的人物、事件來進行提煉。描寫手法大多按時間跨度、空間順序、上下順序來展開。閱讀記敘文體應採取略讀和掃讀的方法,快速抓住文中描寫的主要內容,從整體上去把握文章的連貫性,進而大體上揣測出作者的寫作意圖及情感主線。高考閱讀就記敘文設題大多以細節理解為主。

[2]、議論文。

英語議論文通常為三段式,即“論點、論據、結論”三部份組成。首先藉助某一現象引出論點,然後通過一定論據從各個層面上加以推理論證,最後得出結論。議論文體主要考查學生對論點及論據的把握。因此,遇到議論文體時,應採取抓主題句的方法來把握文章主旨,弄清作者的觀點。一般來說,作者的論點通常在文章首段被引出,接著是對這一論點的邏輯推理和論證,最後為結論。還應注意的是:在對論點論證的過程中,每一段的首句都是該段的主題句。把握全文論點、弄清論證各段的主題句、理解文章層次、找出中心論點的.位置是理解議論文的關鍵。

就議論文而言,其論證的常見結構方式有:

1,總分式 總---分;分----總;總----分---總;

2,並列式 幾個論據之間屬於平等關系;

3,遞進式 幾個論據之間屬於遞進關系;

4,對照式 把兩種事物加以對比,以彰顯其中一種。

[3]、說明文。

英語說明文的總體結構通常為三部份,說明對象、說明過程和歸納總結。常見的說明方法:

1,定義與詮釋說明;

2,舉例與引用說明;

3,分類與圖表說明;

4,比較與比喻說明;

5,分析與綜合說明;

就高考英語說明文的閱讀而言,首先要抓住文章說明的要點,也就是要抓住被說明對象的實質性特徵;弄清作者從哪個角度、哪個層面開始說明;並明白文章最後的說明結論。高考說明文閱讀材料通常介紹最新科技、重大成就、生活時尚、流行現象等。了解說明文的寫作手法、說明方法,理清短文結構及段落中心思想是答題關鍵。

[4]、應用文。

英語應用文屬於實用型文體,如書信、通知、日記、廣告等。應用文閱讀要注意文中具體細節的把握與理解,弄清作者所傳達的實際信息及表達的具體內容。閱讀時採取速讀與精讀相結合的方法,力求快速精確地查出試題所設置的關鍵內容。

【英語閱讀理解答題技巧】

高考閱讀理解常見的設題形式有:詞義猜測題、主旨大意題、細節理解題、推理題和推斷題。題型不同,答題技巧也就有差異。下面就不同題型的答題技巧作一點簡分析。

1、詞義猜測技巧。

這種題型要求對文章中的劃線生詞進行詞義猜測。這類題型不僅要求具備一定構詞法,而且也要求對上下文具有比較全面的理解。做詞意猜測時,應注意劃線生詞後面的定語從句、同位語從句。定語從句、同位語從句通常用來解釋生詞的詞意。另外,還要應注意生詞後的標點符號,如逗號、破折號、引號、括弧都可用於提示詞意。有時,詞意隱藏在全文或某一段中,這就需要把握文段的意境來加以透知該詞的含義。

To argue that zoos imprison animals is to misunderstand what zoos are about. Without zoos many of the creatures we love and admire would no longer exist. Every single day,over one hundred animal species vanish. Scientists predict that as early as 2050 one quarter of the Earth’s species will become extinct.

27.The underlined word “vanish” in Paragraph 2 most probably means _____.

A. remain B. disappear C. become rarer D. get killed

2、抓主旨大意的技巧。

一般來說,議論文的主旨大意要麼在首段,要麼在尾段。文章主旨位於首段時,其後的段落通常是演繹論證的過程;在段尾時,其前的段落通常是在擺事實、講道理,最後歸納出全文主旨。說明文的主旨也通常位於首段;記敘文的主旨有的位於開首段(如新聞報道、時事經緯等文章的主旨均置於開場白的位置,達到開門見山、直奔主題的效果),但大多數記敘文的主旨隱藏在文章之中,需理清文章脈絡,挖掘文章內涵,把握作者意圖。

Zoos divide opinion:there are those who think it is cruel to keep animals locked up while others believe zoos are essential for the survival of endangered species.

29. According to the passage some people do not agree with zoos because they _____.

A. are too expensive to run B. put animals in danger

C. do not provide enough food D. keep animals locked up

3、推斷題型答題技巧。

推理是在既有信息的基礎上得出合乎文章內容的內涵意義,即某一問題、某一觀點沒有直接表述,而寓意在文章的字里行間,要求通過文中信息分析推出某種符合作者思想、符合文章邏輯的內涵意義。推斷則是指通過對文章進行符合邏輯的綜合分析,推出文章未直接陳述的言外之意。推斷題推斷得正確與否,很大程度上取決於是否能正確把握作者潛隱在字里行間的語氣及觀點。

To argue that zoos imprison animals is to misunderstand what zoos are about. Without zoos many of the creatures we love and admire would no longer exist. Every single day,over one hundred animal species vanish. Scientists predict that as early as 2050 one quarter of the Earth’s species will become extinct.

26. What’s the writer’s attitude towards zoos?

A. He shows no opinion either for or against them.

B. He thinks that they are unnecessary and cruel.

C. He believes they play an important environmental role.

D. He expresses a desire that more of them be built.

4、細節題型的答題技巧。

細節題型的解答通常是藉助對文中的具體信息的查尋來解決。答題時要採取略讀、掃讀、析讀和精讀的辦法從文中找出問題答案。細節題型多問及時間、地點、人物、數量和特徵等。

Some animals are in danger because they are hunted. Alarmingly, the population of tigers has already fallen by ninety-five percent. Other species are in danger because of a lack of food. For example, there are fewer than 1300 giant pandas left in the wild.

28. According to the passage the world’s tiger population _____.

A. will rise by 5% next year B. is relatively stable

C/ is 95% smaller than in the past D. has fallen to 95%

;

⑺ 高考英語閱讀理解帶答案

閱讀是一種主動的過程,是由閱讀者根據不同的目的加以調節控制的,陶冶人們的情操,提升自我修養。閱讀是一種理解、領悟、吸收、鑒賞、評價和探究文章的思維過程。閱讀可以改變思想、獲取知識,從而可能改變命運。下面為大家帶來了高考英語閱讀理解帶答案,歡迎大家參考閱讀!

Any mistake made in the printing of a stamp raises its value to stamp collectors. A mistake on one inexpensive postage stamp has made the stamp worth a million and a tops. The mistake was made more than a hundred years ago in the British colony of Mauritius, a small island in the Indian Ocean. In 1847 an order for stamps was sent to a London printer — Mauritius was to become the fourth country in the world to issue stamps.Before the order was filled and delivered, a ball was planned at Mauritius』 Government House, and stamps were needed to send out the invitations. A local printer was instructed to the design for the stamps. He accidentally inscribed the words 「Post Office」 instead of 「Post Paid」 on the several hundred stamps that he printed.Today there are only twenty-six of these misprinted stamps left fourteen One Penny Orange-Reds and twelve Two Penny Blues. Because of the Two Penny Blue』s rareness and age, collectors have paid as much as $16 800 for it.

1. Over a century ago, Mauritius _______.

A. was an independent country

B. belonged to India

C. was one of the British colonies

D. was a small island in the Pacific Ocean

2. The mistake on the stamps was made _______.

A. in Mauritius

B. at Mauritius Government House

C. in a post office

D. in London

3. Stamp collectors have paid 16 800 for _______.

A. fourteen One Penny Orange-Reds

B. twelve Two Penny Blues

C. one One Penny Orange-Red

D. one Two Penny Blue

【答案與解析】 本文講述的是本來不值錢的郵票由於印刷錯誤卻使其價值倍增。

1. C。事實細節題。根據第2段第1句… more than a hundred years ago in the British colony of Mauritius, a small island in the Indian Ocean可知答案為C。

2. A。事實細節題。根據第2段第1句The mistake was made more than a hundred years ago in the British colony of Mauritius可知答案選A。

3. D。事實細節題。根據文章最後一句Because of the Two Penny Blue』s rareness and age, collectors have paid as much as $16 800 for it 可知答案為D。

拓展:高考英語閱讀理解攻略

一、細節題型

【提問方式】

Wh-特殊問句; From the text…,According to…,True/not true,劃線詞語、句子,簡單計算、排列事件順序、識圖等。

【解題方法】

抓住提問中的關鍵字眼,仔細閱讀相關細節的材料內容,一般可以在短文中直接找到或稍加歸納就可以找到正確答案。

注意排除下列干擾項:

(1)擴縮范圍

文章為了表達得准確嚴密,很注意對范圍的限定。有的是通過加上相應的詞語限制,如涉及到數量時常用many,almost all,nearly,more than,over,only a few,normally等限制。有些干擾項是通過改變或去掉限定詞語,甚至是擴大或縮小了語言范圍。

(2)偷換概念

命題者設計試題時往往把原文的概念偷換成另一個不同的概念。望文生義是造成錯誤的主要原因。

(3)正誤並存

在一干擾項中,某個句子或詞語是正確的,其他分句或詞語是錯誤的或表達不全面,正誤並存,命題者藉此以假亂真。要排除這類干擾項,只要一個選項局部有誤或選項不全面,都屬排除的干擾項。

二、主旨大意題型

【提問方式】

What' s the topic/subject of the text/the second paragraph?

What is stated in…? The text is cheifly concerned with_______。

【解題方法】

(1)最常用的方法是仔細研讀短文的1、2兩句-----即短文的主題句,或輔以閱讀各段的第1、2句----即段落中心句。此方法多適用於說明文、議論文。

(2)記敘文等需要通讀全文,抓住關鍵事或論題來歸納意思(常說明一個道理)。

(3)全文末尾(段)找答案。此類文章的特點是以列舉事實開頭,通過論證,最後闡述核心觀點。

在處理文章標題的`選擇時,要避免下列三種錯誤:

①概括不夠(多表現為部分代整體,從而導致范圍太小);②過度概括(多表現為人為擴大范圍);③以事實或細節代替抽象具體的大意。

三、推理判斷題型

【提問方式】

The story suggests that___________. It can be inferred that_____________.

The story implies that _____________. It can be concluded that __________.

We can learn that _______________.

【解題方法】

推斷題是考查學生透過文章表面的文字信息進行分析、綜合、歸納等邏輯推理的能力。學生不僅要弄懂文章的字面意思,更重要的是要知道文章的潛在涵義。

【注意點】

(1)那些文章中直接陳述的內容不能選,要選擇根據文章推理出來的選項。

(2)推理不是憑空猜測,而是立足已知推斷未知;作出正確答案時一定要在文中找到依據或理由。

(3)不能以自己的觀點代替作者的想法;不要脫離原文主觀臆斷。

四、詞義猜測題

①利用構詞法猜詞;

②利用語境及邏輯關系猜詞。有時完全可以利用上下文語境和前後句之間的並列、因果、轉折、對比、解釋定義和舉例等關系來猜測詞義。同時特別留心某些詞語,例如:or, that is, in other words, including, although, but, or, even if, on the other hand, on the contrary, other than, rather than, more than, instead of等詞語之後的內容。

⑻ 高考英語閱讀理解題型及解題技巧

高考英語閱讀理解題型及解題技巧如下:
1、題型分類:主旨大意題,答題技巧:閱讀理解文章多是議論文和說明文,這兩種文體的結構可歸納為:提出問題——論述問題——得出結論或者闡明觀點。對於這類文章,抓主題句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。
2、細節理解題,答題技巧:可直接找到相關細節,但需經過計算方可找到答案。
3、推理判斷題,答題技巧:推斷題是考查大家透過文章表面的文字信息進行分析、綜合、歸納等邏輯推理的能力。推理和判斷必須以事實為依據,切莫主觀臆斷。
4、詞義猜測題,答題技巧:通過因果關系猜詞通過因果關系猜詞。專業老師在線權威答疑 zy.offercoming.com

⑼ 2018高考英語閱讀理解北京卷D篇淺析

首先,文本選自洛杉磯時報http://www.latimes.com/opinion/editorials/la-ed-autonomous-vehicles-planning-20180309-story.html  2018年3月9日發表的名為If we don't plan for them, autonomous vehicles could make our car-dominated transit system even worse的文章。

看原標題可以得出幾個信息:1.目前有plan,2.car−dominated transit system是關鍵問題3.even worse,也就是有前提條件,然後才可能出現某種預期。

這篇閱讀理解試題選文的特點是,1.文章是國外主流媒體新近更新的文章,相對於高考日期來說是比較新的。2.題材相對比較前沿——關於無人駕駛汽車。相對來說的新科技話題,具有一定的信息引領性。同時,無人駕駛也是目前比較有爭論的話題,所以任何一篇文章都不會完全從某一個角度獨立來分析闡述這一現象,除非絕對的專業測評或者技術等視角,普通評論或者描述文章一定都會有或多或少的利弊分析,因為這是未知因素會有所影響的一個話題。本文也不例外,但是本文經過改編後明顯把話題傾向性定位在positive 上,整體看不出明顯的問題,但是會有對客觀事實的微小不尊重。這是從閱讀理解試題選文的真實性信息來考慮的。本文讀者受眾沒有刻意的區分和歸類以及傾向性,文章也不算純粹的科普文,屬於普通的說事文吧,依然是側重introce and describe ,因為沒有明顯的正反觀點的對比,文中對比主要體現在現象的比較,所以涉及argumentation 的成分很少。基於此,本文的行文,正常來說要圍繞提出問題——分析問題——解決問題來進行。

試卷文本和原文比較有大量刪減改編。

首先看改編後的標題Preparing Cities for Robot Cars關鍵信息定位在preparing cities。但是我們在正文當中是否能夠找到關鍵信息來支持標題核心信息,我認真閱讀後,還是不明朗。但是原選文標題比較符合原選文的核心內容。而且此標題從語言角度來說也不好理解,所以標題不做更多解釋。

(2018•北京)閱讀理解D

標題Preparing Cities for Robot Cars

試題文章第一段

原本想和原文比較一下改動部分,但是改動太大,就省略了吧,很明顯感覺改動得不是很好。比如prospect被替換為possibility 這個在理解文本含義上可以理解,但是假如作為精讀去點對點分析,就會不如原詞彙那麼妥帖,我只能用這個詞來形容。看prospects詞彙解釋:

以此例來說明改編的可能的不準確性,文本下面部分的改編的類似問題不再重復說明。

The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist's dream, years away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. 開篇點「題」,把無人駕駛汽車的現存狀態通過一個語義對比句展示出來。告知讀者本文是圍繞無人駕駛汽車現狀的某個問題闡述的。接下來的test,cleared the way 暗示一是有測試環節,二是有相關輔助環節。

California, it should be noted, isn't leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. 這是本文中圍繞標題而出現的最重要的關鍵信息。暗示cities在無人駕駛領域所可能做出的貢獻。

But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.

此處有本文的一個題點關鍵詞regulated,提示regulation 對於無人駕駛未來走向的重要性。看48題:

As for driverless cars, what is the author's major concern?         

A. Safety.             

B. Side effects.                   

C. Affordability.           

D. Management.

題幹部分有關鍵信息詞author ,major 所以就限定是本文作者的重點的……關注點,所以需要透徹理解本文所傳遞的信息是什麼,還要結合選項內容來看。同時結合原文看,本文是把safety 部分內容刪除掉了,而我們看四個選項事實上都可以,四個選項和客觀真實性是保持一致的,至於本試題當中認為限制答案為D,從做題角度會有很多解釋,但是這樣的試題不嚴密,且,好的試題不會用major來限定。

第二段

While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so), policymakers also ……段首用了一個暗含轉折,實際上是語義的一個側重「確定」的句子,使用了while …also表達,前後兩者都存在,但是此處側重強調後者的意思。那麼也就是說safety 問題是現存的一個相關焦點,但是這里作者想要強調also後面的內容。所以,從全文角度看,經過改編的文本有了作者或者文章態度上的些許不同,本段和原文比較有部分詞彙改編刪減,但是基本符合要求,沒有大的變化。

接下來的內容作者具體描述無人駕駛汽車的優勢和特色,包括停車管理,環境保護,以及和計程車公司等相比較的更多的便利,原文提到了優步等出租公司的disadvantageous ,但試題文本有刪減,所以個別信息在理解上會覺得有模糊的感覺,不透徹。本段結束。

在此,我們就可以暫停,看試題:

47.According to the author, attention should be paid to how driverless cars can __________.         

A. help deal with transportation-related problems     

B. provide better services to customers

C. cause damage to our environment                   

D. make some people lose jobs

題干中使用了pay attention to ,而這個題干是完全可以修改成一個更地道的句子的,也可以是問答方式,不是填空式。重點又在author 和attention 來限定信息,也就是可以推測,題目需要做答的是作者在本文中想要表達的觀點,那麼根據文本內容,c項是可以否定的。abd都不是可以完全限制的信息,也就是都有可能性,只是a項更符合出題人的思路,所以答案是A。

接下來看下一段內容,

Do we want to — or even worsen — the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most alts own indivial self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport — an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing(叫車) services.

段首一句屬於段落銜接句,用設問的形式引出來。一方面提示讀者思考,給出自己的思維判斷,同時引出下面作者想要陳述的內容,此句看關鍵詞worsen ,也就是說,作者暗示的觀點是現有的交通的諸多不利因素,對於無人駕駛汽車來說會是什麼樣的一種對比分析結果呢?而通過上文中作者的情感態度,大致可以判斷,下文作者想要闡述的是如何規避現有交通的不利因素。通過閱讀試卷上的文本,我感覺此段信息和句首信息不一致,而且不符合常理,所以我再次查閱原文,因為在手機上編輯,順便簡單截圖一下,如下:

通過閱讀原文,可以了解,此處被命題人刪除掉了,但是此舉就完全改變了文章的行文思路和意義的正常表達。因為在提到了無人駕駛汽車的優勢以後,作者做了一個imagine ,也就是假想內容,而此假設導致的結果就是滿街的無人駕駛汽車,而此句也被命題人刪除了,但是這些信息是非常關鍵的信息,是管理者要解決無人駕駛汽車所要面對的關鍵問題,刪除後,就不能體現初衷含義了,而且閱讀時會晦澀,不能夠真正表達真實場景。具體語言不做分析解釋,接下來看下一段,

A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could rece carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基礎設施) and operations 40% by 2050. Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first  commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(責任與維護問題). But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.此段因為刪除掉的信息,而會覺得沒有自然的過度和銜接。在介紹了環保和降低使用成本等優勢以後,作者把話題引到了首批無人駕駛汽車的試用上,

commercially available,almost certainly,technologyas well as liability and maintenance issues,這些詞是屬於此處的主要信息詞,提示下面舉措的原因,命題人沒有在此處命題,而是避開,命制了一個所謂猜測詞義題目。來看試題:

49.What does the underlined word "fielded" in Paragraph 4 probably mean?         

A. Employed.                       

B. Replaced.                     

C. Shared.                       

D. Reced.

根據field所在原文語境,提示,鑒於一些考量首先要把無人駕駛技術應用於叫車服務領域。field在此處取其名詞「領域」的動詞含義「應用於某一領域」,在此,也就是把車輛服務劃分了,可能有:公共交通,私人汽車,叫車服務等等。所以在理解此詞的時候需要理解原語境的微妙提示,而不是簡單來隨意根據主觀判斷下結論,盡管結論可能也不是太離譜,至少我查了很多詞典,沒有查到field的英英解釋為employ。細節不做分析。繼續下一段,

Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn't extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it. 

最後一段,我們看它的情感態度,一個對未來的期待和展望,是建立在對現有一些問題和技術的解決和確認的基礎上的,也就是說,作者的觀點態度中規中矩,但最後一句還是表達了對未來無人駕駛汽車的正面期待。結尾段,對整個上文信息做了概括總結,綜合了上文信息點。看最後一題:

50.What is the author's attitude to the future of self-driving cars?         

A. Doubtful.                     

B. Positive.                     

C. Disapproving.                     

D. Sympathetic.

答案是B。這個不多說,假如發散開來還有很多內容能夠闡述。

總結一下:

本題目選自主流外刊,時間比較新,話題比較新。命題人對文本進行了一定量的改動刪減,個人認為已經影響了准確和地道信息的傳遞,這是不太看好的地方。文本語言和結構沒有特殊難點,試題命制也沒有深度思維理解的題目,所以考慮試題安排難度,應該不是難題范疇。解讀本文本相當於外刊解讀的一個過程了。所以說高考題目文本精良,和外刊解讀和運用分割開來不是一個真命題。我記得16年北京好像也是D篇,也是命題人做了一些刪減改編,而使得整個行文不達意,試題缺少信息支持。這是一個不可忽視的命題問題。

沒有時間和精力做更精細的分析。

下面是試題原文:

Preparing Cities for Robot Cars

The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist's dream, years away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isn't leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. It's hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.

While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help rece traffic jams, cut emissions(排放) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.

Do we want to — or even worsen — the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most alts own indivial self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport — an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing(叫車) services.

A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could rece carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基礎設施) and operations 40% by 2050. Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(責任與維護問題). But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.

Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn't extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it. 

47.According to the author, attention should be paid to how driverless cars can __________.         

A. help deal with transportation-related problems     

B. provide better services to customers

C. cause damage to our environment                    D. make some people lose jobs

48.As for driverless cars, what is the author's major concern?         

A. Safety.                   

B. Side effects.                 

C. Affordability.           

D. Management.

49.What does the underlined word "fielded" in Paragraph 4 probably mean?      A. Employed.                     

B. Replaced.                     

C. Shared.                       

D. Reced.

50.What is the author's attitude to the future of self-driving cars?         

A. Doubtful.                     

B. Positive.                   

C. Disapproving.                   

D. Sympathetic.

⑽ 高考英語閱讀理解答題思路及步驟

高考英語閱讀理解答題思路及步驟

因為高考文章的閱讀難度與課本所選文章的閱讀難度相當。所以要掌握一些答題技巧,下面是高考英語閱讀理解答題思路及步驟,供大家參考與學習!

一.高考閱讀的基本解題思路:

第一,掃描提干,劃關鍵項。

第二, 通讀全文,抓住中心。

1. 通讀全文,抓兩個重點:

①首段(中心句、核心概念常在第一段,常在首段出題);

②其他各段的段首和段尾句。(其他部分略讀,有重點的讀)

2. 抓住中心,用一分半時間思考3個問題:

①文章敘述的主要內容是什麼?

②文章中有無提到核心概念?

③作者的大致態度是什麼?

第三,仔細審題,返回原文。(仔細看題干,把每道題和原文的某處建立聯系,掛起鉤)

定位原則:

①通常是由題干出發,使用尋找關鍵詞定位原則。(關鍵詞:大寫字母、地名、時間、數字等)

②自然段定位原則。出題的順序與行文的順序是基本一致的,一般每段對應一題。

要樹立定位意識,每一題、每一選項都要回到原文中某一處定位。

第四,重疊選項,得出答案。(重疊原文=對照原文)

1. 通過題干返回原文:判斷四個選項,抓住選項中的關鍵詞,把選項定位到原文的某處比較,重疊選項,選出答案。

2.作題練習要求:要有選一個答案的理由和其餘三個不選的理由

二.閱讀理解的解題技巧

1.例證題 :

① 例證題的標記。當題干中出現example, case, illustrate, illustration, exemplify 時。

② 返回原文,找出該例證所在的位置,既給該例子定位。

③ 搜索該例證周圍的區域,90%向上,10%向下,找出該例證支持的觀點。例子周圍具有概括抽象性的表達通常就是它的論點。

注意:舉例的目的是為了支持論點或是為了說明主題句。舉例後馬上問這個例子說明了什麼問題?不能用例子中的話來回答這個問題。

④ 找出該論點,並與四個選項比較,得出選項中與該論點最一致的答案。

⑤ 例證題錯誤答案設計的干擾特徵經常是:就事論事。

即用例子中的某一內容拉出來讓你去選。(╳)

要求:在閱讀中,遇到長的例子,立即給這個例子定位,即找出起始點,從哪開始到哪結束。

2.指代題 :

① 返回原文,找出出題的指代詞。

② 向上搜索,找最近的名詞、名詞性短語或句子(先從最近點開始找,找不到再找次近的,一般答案不會離得太遠)。

③ 將找到的詞、片語或句子的意思代入替換該指代詞,看其意思是否通順。

④ 將找到的詞、片語或句子與四個選項進行比較,找出最佳答案。

3. 詞彙題 :「搜索代入」法

① 返回原文,找出該詞彙出現的地方。

② 確定該詞彙的詞性

③ 從上下文(詞彙的前後幾句)中找到與所給詞彙具有相同詞性的詞(如一下子找不到就再往上往下找),代入所給詞彙在文章中的`位置(將之替換)看語義是否合適

④ 找出選項中與代替詞意思相同或相近的選相,即答案

注意:

a.如果該詞彙是簡單詞匯,則其字面意思必然不是正確答案。

b.高考閱讀不是考察字認識不認識,而是考察是否能根據上下文作出正確的判斷。

c.詞彙題的正確答案經常蘊藏在原文該詞彙出現的附近。注意不能靠單詞詞義直接往下推。

d.尋找時要注意同位語、特殊標點(比如分號,分號前後兩句話的邏輯關系不是形式上的並列就是語義上的並列,也就是兩句話的意思相同,所以可用其中一句話的意思來推測 另一句話的意思從而推出所給詞彙含義)、定語從句、前後綴,特別要注意尋找時的同性原則。比如:讓猜一個名詞片語(動詞片語)的意思,我們就向上向下搜索名詞片語(動詞片語)。

隱蔽型詞彙題:題干與原文的某句完全重合,只有一兩個詞被替換掉。隱蔽型詞彙題的做法跟詞彙題的做法幾乎一樣,往上往下找。

4.句子理解題 :

① 返回原文找到原句。

② 對原句進行語法和詞義的精確分析(找主幹),應該重點抓原句的字面含義。若該句的字面含義不能確定,則依據上下文進行判斷。注意:局部含義是由整體決定的。

③ 一般來說,選項中的正確答案與原句意思完全相同,只不過用其他英語詞彙換種表達而已。

④ 句子理解題的錯誤選項干擾項特徵:推得過遠。做題時應把握住推的度。

思路: 對句子微觀分析? 不行就依據上下文? 選擇時不要推得過遠。

5.推理題 :「最近原則」

① 標志: learn, infer, imply, inform

② 看是否可以通過題干返回原文或依據選項返回原文。一般要圍繞文中的一兩個重點進行推理。推理題無論通過題干能不能定位,我們都要把它固化到文章的一兩點上。

③ 依據原文的意思進行三錯一對的判斷。先不要進行推理,若有一個選項跟原文的意思一模一樣,則該選項必然是正確答案。推理題不是考察我們的想像力,它實際是考察我們原文中的某幾個點如一個、兩個點所涉及的問題我們讀透了沒有。因此,不推的比推的好;推的近的比推的遠的要好。

④ 推理題的最近答案原則:不推的要比推的好,推的近的要比推的遠的好,直接推出的要比間接推的好。(原文的某句話變個說法)

注意:做題時不能想得太多,推得過遠。是否把原文讀懂才是關鍵。

6.主旨題 : 「串線摘帽」

即在自然段少的時候串串線,串線法解不出來時,大帽子、小帽子摘一下。

① 主旨題的標志:mainly about, mainly discuss, the best title

② 串線法:抓首段和其餘各段的第一句話,把其意思連接成一個整體。要注意總結性的提示詞和轉折詞,特別要注意中心句。(主要針對自然段少的文章;針對自然段多的文章,主旨題最好聯系中心句。找一個和中心句最貼近的)

③ 小心首段陷阱。

④ 主旨題錯誤選項的干擾特徵經常是:

⑴ 局部信息,即選項的內容小於文章的內容;

⑵ 范圍過寬,即選項的內容大於文章的內容。

⑤逆向思維法、快速作文法:在兩個選項看上去都十分正確無法選擇時,試著從選項出發,想像一下如果自己以此選項來寫文章會有那些內容,然後把它與文章的內容比較,接近的即為正確選項。

7. 作者態度題 :

① 標志:attitude

② 應精確理解四個選項的含義。

③ 不要摻雜自己的觀點。

④ 可以尋找文中一些具有感情色彩的詞。如:fortunately, excessively, too many.

⑤ 舉例的方式。

⑥ 抓論述的主線。把第一段讀透,把其他各段的段首段尾句拉出來,看整個文章的謀篇結構。

⑦ 做作者態度題時特別注意:首先看清楚是誰對誰的態度。

8. 判斷題 :

①看可否通過四個選項具體化到文中一點或者根據自然段原則定位。

②每個選項都應返回原文,不能憑主觀印象進行判斷。

③要重點抓是「三錯一對」還是「三對一錯」的關系(做題是要看清題目)。

9. 細節題 :

看完題目回到原文,重疊原文,得出答案

10.重點題型中的幾個問題:

① 詞彙題:字面意思不是答案,要根據上下文推測其深刻含義

② 句子理解題:一般不要求推理,只看句子本身。

③ 推理題:答案很大程度上是原文的重現,不一定非要經過邏輯推理從原文中得出。

11. 正確答案的特徵:

① 正確答案經常與中心思想有關。

② 正確答案的位置,最常見的三個位置是:段首段尾處、轉折處、因果處。

③ 正確答案經常運用的原則是:同義替換、正話反說、反話正說。

④ 從語氣角度來看,正確答案中經常含有不肯定的語氣詞和委婉表達的用詞。如:can, may, might, possible, not necessarily, some.

⑤ 正確答案經常具有概括性、深刻性,不能只見樹木不見森林。

12. 錯誤答案的特徵:

第一大層次:

① 無中生有 (未提及的概念);

② 正反混淆 (選項的意思跟原文的意思正好相反);

③ 所答非所問 (雖然選項的說法沒有問題,符合原文,但和題干搭不上邊)

第二大層次:

① 過分絕對;

② 擴大范圍(注意隱蔽型的擴大范圍mostly);

③ 因果倒置;

④ 常識判斷;

⑤ 推得過遠;

⑥ 偏離中心;

⑦ 變換詞性。

常識判斷:如果一個選項僅僅符合常識,不一定是正確答案,還要看文章中類似的意思有沒有出現;如果一個選項不符合常識,一定不是正答案。能夠不由自主地按照正確的思路解題了,才表明我們正確掌握了這些技巧。

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