英語閱讀理解記敘文的主旨大意
⑴ 英語閱讀中的主旨大意怎麼讀記敘文
一）重視英語詞彙和習慣用法的積累
美國語言學家Driller (1978)根據詞彙統計特徵指出：如果我們認得25個最常見的英文單詞，平均每頁紙上的詞我們會認得33%；如果認得135個常用詞，則為50%；如果認得2500個，則為78%；如果認得5 000個，則為80%；一旦記得10 000個，可達92%。可見，閱讀能力的高低和詞彙量的大小是分不開的，目前大部分學生的詞彙量偏少, 這是影響閱讀能力提高的主要因素。那麼怎樣才能提高學生的詞彙量呢？
1． 構詞記憶法
據估計，英語詞彙有100萬到120萬，但大部分單詞是由構詞法構成的。構詞法包括派生、合成和轉化。在教學中，讓學生掌握常用的前綴（un/dis/im/il /super.）、後綴( ly/ less/ ful/ ment…)的含義及用法，就可以根據已知詞猜出它的派生詞，從而達到擴大詞彙的目的。如：前綴super 有超過，超越的含義，就可以猜出supermarket （超級市場）supernatural (超自然的)、 superman （超人）、superstar （超級明星）等詞的含義。。
2． 聯想記憶法
由一個詞聯想到和它有關或無關的詞，如看到live vi 生活，聯想到其他詞性及用法，如，直播的、活的等詞義。
3． 廣泛閱讀記憶法
「To read well, you need a strong vocabulary.. To build a strong vocabulary, you need to read well.」 這句名言道出了閱讀和詞彙量的關系。要有流利的閱讀，就必須有豐富的詞彙。大量的閱讀可以豐富你的詞彙。
（二） 牢固掌握語法知識
近年來的NMET閱讀理解短文的句式結構趨向復雜，語法知識在閱讀中的作用已經突顯出來。如在閱讀中遇到另人費解的長句、難句，就可以藉助語法，對句子進行適當的分析，搞清各部分的關系，從而准確理解整句的意思。以Decision-thinking is not unlike poker-it often matters not only what you think, but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think.(NMET 2000) 為例。該句的29個詞中包含了主語從句，賓語從句、並列句和破折號連接的附加說明等多種關系。其中並列句中又有復合句，復合句中又有並列句。只有把句子的成分一一理清，才能掌握其意思。
（三）、積累一定的文化背景知識和生活知識
英語閱讀能力的提高不僅需要一定的語言知識，還要有一定的文化背景知識和生活知識。例如在NMET2003的閱讀理解A篇，該篇選材涉及地理，介紹了兩座farthest/ most distant inhabited islands，一個為Guinness Book of Records 所認定的Tristan da Cunha;另一為復活島（Easter Island）文章中出現了較多的專有名詞，對於閱讀經驗不足的同學會形成干擾，而對於那些對Easter Day 等背景知識了解的同學，相對就會好些。另外在C篇中，出現了書刊號，如果熟悉這些，就會減少好多閱讀困難。
（四）培養良好的閱讀習慣，掌握有效的閱讀技巧
要養成良好的閱讀習慣，就要求平時多朗讀，背誦精彩段落和文章，以培養語感。另外，有的同學在閱讀時出聲讀、點讀或回讀，這些不良習慣都會影響閱讀速度和對文章的理解。所以要克服這些不良習慣，作到不回讀，不聲讀，不點讀等。只有這樣，閱讀速度才能加快，理解的准確率才能提高。
除了良好的閱讀習慣外，也要掌握正確的閱讀技巧。教師要指導學生形成正確的思維方法。一般閱讀時應注意以下幾點：
1、略讀（Skimming）即迅速瀏覽全文，抓住文章大意和主題句，明確作者的態度和意圖。
2、跳讀（Skipping） 即快速查找某一相關信息，讀時要一目十行，對不相關的內容一帶而過。
3、猜測生詞(Guessing the new words) 在閱讀過程中，不可避免的會遇到生詞。如果一遇到生詞就去查字典，或跳過去不看，都會影響對文章的理解。這樣就要猜測生詞的意思。不同的語境，單詞的意思也就不一樣。所以要根據上下文線索和構詞法等知識去猜測。 快速閱讀四大法則
在閱讀英語材料時或是在考試過程中有很多人感到自己的閱讀速度實在是跟不上需要，有些朋友就認為是自己的英語基礎不行，然後就拚命的背單詞，其實如果能夠用正確的方法進行快速閱讀訓練的話，即使在原有的基礎上也可以在閱讀速度方面取得顯著的提高，更何況很多情況下根本就不是英
語基礎的問題。現在就讓我們來看看練習快速閱讀的四種方法。
1. 快速泛讀（fast extensive reading）
平時要養成快速泛讀的習慣。這里講的泛讀是指廣泛閱讀大量涉及不同領域的書籍，要求讀得快，理解和掌握書中的主要內容就可以了。要確定一個明確的讀書定額，定額要結合自己的實際，切實可行，可多可少。例如每天讀20頁，一個學期以18周計算，就可以讀21本中等厚度的書(每本書約120頁)。
2. 計時閱讀 (timed reading)
課余要養成計時閱讀的習慣。計時閱讀每次進行5～10分鍾即可，不宜太長。因為計時快速閱讀，精力高度集中，時間一長，容易疲勞、精力分散，反而乏味。閱讀時先記下「起讀時間」(starting time)，閱讀完畢，記下「止讀時間」(finishing time)，即可計算出本次閱讀速度。隨手記下，長期堅持，必定收到明顯效果。
3. 略讀 (skimming)
略讀又稱跳讀(reading and skipping)或瀏覽(glancing)，是一種專門的，非常實用的快速閱讀技能。所謂略讀，是指以盡可能快的速度閱讀，如同從飛機上鳥瞰(bird's eye view )地面上的明顯標志一樣，迅速獲取文章大意或中心思想。換句話說，略讀是要求讀者有選擇地進行閱讀，可跳過某些細節，以求抓住文章的大概，從而加快閱讀速度。據統計，訓練有素的略讀者(skimmer)的閱讀速度可以達到每分鍾3000到4000個詞。
閱讀時，先把文章粗略地瀏覽一下，看看文章中是否有自己工作和學習需要的或自己感興趣的資料和信息，然後確定這篇文章是否值得細讀。在查找資料時，如果沒有充分時間，而又不需要高度理解時，就可以運用略讀技巧。「不需要高度理解」並非指略讀時理解水平可以很低，而是說略低於一般閱讀速度所取得的理解水平是允許的。
一般閱讀的目標是在保持一般閱讀速度的條件下，獲得盡可能高的理解水平，通常達到70%或80%。略讀時，理解水平略低一些是預料之中的事，平均理解率達50%或60%就可以了。
略讀有下列四個特點：
(1)以極快的速度閱讀大量材料，尋找字面上或事實上的主要信息和少量的闡述信息。
(2)可以跳過某個部分或某些部分不讀。
(3)理解水平可以稍低一些，但也不能太低。
(4)根據文章的難易程度和達到的目的，不斷靈活地調整閱讀速度。
略讀可以運用下列技巧：
(1)要利用印刷細節(typegraphical details)，如書或文章的標題、副標題、小標題、斜體詞、黑體詞、腳注、標點符號等，對書和文章進行預測略讀(preview skimming)。預測略讀要了解作者的思路、文章方式(模式)，以便把握大意，有關的細節及其相互關系。 ??
(2)以一般閱讀速度(200～250wpm)，閱讀文章開頭的一、二段，力求抓住文章大意、背景情況、作者的文章風格、口吻或語氣等。 ?
(3)閱讀段落的主題句和結論句。抓住主題句就掌握了段落大意，然後略去細節不讀，以求得略讀速度。
(4)注意轉折詞和序列詞。轉折詞如however, moreover, in addition等；序列詞firstly, secondly等。
(5)若無需要，不必閱讀細節
⑵ 英語閱讀題主旨大意題解題技巧
英語閱讀題主旨大意題解題技巧
由於大綱要求讀懂議論文和說明文，而真正的考研當中大概95%都是議論文，而考議論文的話，最重要的就是考議論文最具有標志性的東西，也就是說議論文主要考的就是論點和論據，那論點表現在題目上最有標志性的就是主旨大意題。很多同學反應文章的主旨比較難抓，那我從文章的結構入手，旨在給學生梳理清楚!
【英語閱讀題主旨大意題解題技巧】
(一)主旨大意題的命題規律
1.從考查的對象上劃分，主旨大意題可分為兩種：
(1)篇章主旨：針對全文的主題進行提問。主題句出現在首段的居多，其次是末段或為幾段主題的綜合。
(2)段落主旨：針對某一段或幾段的主題提問。主題句可能是段落的首句、末句，也可能不在此(幾)句，需要從上下文中尋找或總結。
2.從考查的內容上劃分，還可分為主題類(內容)(考查文章或段落的主旨大意)、目的類(考查文章或段落的寫作目的)和標題類(要求考生選出文章的最佳標題)三種。
主旨大意題經常用main idea, main point, key point, maintopic, mainly discuss, mainly explain, is mainly about; purpose; best title等詞語來表達。
(二)主旨大意題的常考點
1.段首、段尾句常考：段首、段尾句一般表達了文章的.中心思想，或者就是該段的主題句，對全文或全段起著提綱挈領的作用。
2.語義轉折處常考：尤其是段首的語義轉折，其後面往往是作者真實的寫作目的或基本觀點，即文章的中心思想所在。
3.因果句常考：因果句通常可以表現出作者的意圖、觀點甚至全文的主題，因此成為考點。
(三)主旨大意題的7招技巧
一篇文章的主旨往往會在文章的第一段或開頭部分找到。作者會通過“首段提問法”、“轉移重心法”、“獨句段開頭”、“類比開頭”、“事例開頭法”等約定俗稱的方式暗示或引入主題。因此，解答主旨題時，大家要首先重點研讀文章第一段和第二段的段首句。
1. 首段提問法
如果文章第一段的第一句話、最後一句話或者第二段第一句是一個疑問句，那麼本文的主旨就很可能是對該問題的一個解答。在這里同學一定要注意的一點就是並列問句不是主旨。
2. 喜新厭舊類
如果文章第一段先描述一件事情，然後在本段或第二段首句出現轉折詞，進而表述另一件事情，那麼本文主旨就是轉折詞之後的另一件事。這類題目多會考的一種題型是寫作意圖題。
3. 事例開頭類
如果文章開頭引用、敘述個人經歷、講述故事、描寫一起事故等方式舉例。其目的顯然是要通過舉例的方法引出文章主題。通常情況下，這類文章的主題都會在首段末句或第二段的首句。
4. 類比開頭法
如果一篇文章開頭或第一段涉及一項內容A，隨後或者第二段開頭用到“Now the same thing is happening to B”等表示類比的句型，那麼，這時可以確定本文主旨是B內容。
5. 獨句段法
如果一篇文章的第一段是一句話，那麼本文的主旨就是本句話所表達的內容。
6. 大眾觀點法
如果作者在文章的開頭引用大眾的或他人的觀點，其目的顯然是要通過大眾或他人引出自己的觀點。通常情況下，這類文章的主題會在表述大眾觀點或他人觀點的句子之後。
7. 各段分述法
有些文章的第一段可能並沒有採用上述方法來引入主題，這時可以考慮本篇文章是否採用了“各段分述，圍繞主題”的方法。
總而言之，主旨類題在考研英語閱讀理解中占據著相當重要的位置，能否正確理解文章主旨，對於作對閱讀題具有絕對的指導性意義。而且，尤為關鍵的是，掌握了文章的主旨，對於其他題目的選擇有著相當強的指導作用。
;⑶ 高考英語閱讀:主旨大意題的解題技巧
高考英語閱讀:主旨大意題的解題技巧
馬上就要高考了，我整理了一些比較有針對性的高考英語復習技巧資料給大家參考，希望可以幫助同學們提高自身綜合英語能力，戰勝高考。
一、主旨大意題的命題形式
主旨大意題旨在考查考生把握全文主題和理解中心思想的能力，亦即考查考生的歸納概括能力。這類試題包括要求考生選出短文的標題(title, headline)、短文或段落的主題(subject)、中心思想(main idea)、作者的寫作目的(purpose或為傳遞信息、或為愉悅讀者、或為闡述某一道理)等。這類題的設問方式主要有：
(1)The subject of the passage/paragraph is ______.
(2)The main idea of the passage/paragraph is______.
(3)The text is mainly about ______.
(4)The passage mainly centers on ______.
(5)The passage mainly tells about ______.
(6)What is the subject discussed in the text?
(7)What is the main idea of this passage?
(8)What is the passage mainly about?
(9)What does the second paragraph mainly discuss?
(10)What is the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph?
(11)Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
(12)Which title best gives the idea of the passage?
(13)What would be the best title for the text?
(14)What might be the most suitable title for the passage?
(15)The best headlines for this newspaper article would be______
(16)The main purpose of announcing the above events is to give information about ______.
(17)The writer's purpose in writing this story is ______.
(18)What is the author's main purpose?
(19)What does the writer really want to tell us in this passage?
(20)The writer wrote the story in order to______.
(21)What is the advice given in the text / passage / article?
二、尋找主題句的方法
正確的解答這類題目的關鍵是准確地找出文章的主題句。一般來說，一篇文章常常會圍繞著一個中心思想或一個主要話題展開，而這個話題又常常通過一個能比較全面地覆蓋或概括文章意思的句子，即所謂的“主題句”來體現。那麼，主題句通常在哪裡呢?(1)主題句在文首;(2)主題句在文中;(3)主題句在文末;(4)主題句以首尾呼應的形式出現在文首和文末。
1. 主題句在文首
這類文章寫法上的特點是：文章的第一句起著點題的作用，概括了文章的主要內容或信息，下文接著對主題句所涉及的話題進行具體的`闡述。如：(全國高考題)
A JINTAN, JIANGSU: The 20 students — 18 boys and 2 girls —had a thousand reasons to beproud of themselves. They had just climbed their way to the top rung(階梯)out of 4 millionstudents taking part in the Fifth National Hua Luogeng Gold Cup Mathematics Contest (競賽)onTuesday evening.
The 20 gold medal winners are all primary and middle school students under the age of 14.
"Many of the problems are of college level and these pupils can figure them out. It is justunbelievable!" said a teacher from Guangdong province.
Named after China's most famous mathematician, Hua Luogeng, the contest started in 1986,one year after his death. In less than 10 years, it has been recognized by the State EcationCommission(國家教委) as the country's biggest and best contest of its kind.
This news story is mainly about ______.
A. when the contest started
B. how the contest got its name
C. the 20 pupils who have won gold medals in the contest
D. the 5th National Hua Luogeng Gold Cup Mathematics Contest
【分析】這是一篇報道，文章的第一段只有兩句話：“20個學生(2女18男)有充分的理由為自己感到自豪，因為他們奪得了第五屆華羅庚杯數學競賽的金獎，是4百萬參賽學生中的佼佼者”，下文接著對競賽的有關情況進行報道，因此，第一段實際上就是這篇報道的主題句。A、B、C分別只包含了報道的部分信息，顯然不合題意;D選項與主題句的意思完全一致，因此是正確答案。
2. 主題句在文中
這類文章寫法上的特點是：開始部分是引題，接著是點題，最後是對主題進行敘述，主題句常常起著承上啟下的作用。如：(全國高考題)
Fat on human beings is distributed in different ways.Some fat people have a large stomach and nowaistline—which makes them look round, rather likeapples. Others are fatter below the waist, whichmakes them appear pear-shaped.
There are two types of fat: external fat (fat underthe skin) and internal fat (fat inside the body wall). Doctors, who have been examining therelationship between health and fatness, have found that the 'pears' have less internal fat, butthe 'apples' have more internal fat than external fat. This seems to be what causes the healthproblems.
The best treatment for fatness is to rece the internal fat. But unfortunately it seems thatdieting (節食) simply makes an apple-shaped person into a smaller apple and a pear-shapedperson into a smaller pear. At the moment there is no known way of recing the internalrather than external fat.
⑷ 怎樣做好高考英語閱讀理解的主旨大意題
主旨大意題是高考閱讀理解的主要題型之一， 旨在考查考生對鍛煉大意或者文章中心思想的把握和歸納能力。
解題前先要了解主旨大意題的分類。
大部分情況下，主旨大意題可分為兩種，①篇章主旨：針對全文的主題進行提問。主題句出現在首段的居多，其次是末段。②段落主旨：針對某一段或幾段的主題提問。主題句可能是段落的首句、末句，也可能需要從上下文中尋找或總結。
所以對於說明文和論述文這2中問題，如果問篇章主旨的話，解題重點在於看首段；段落主旨重點在於看該段首句。
而如果是記敘文，就需要通讀全文，看懂全文在講什麼？然後進行回答。
最後必須了解關注主旨大意題干擾項的特點。我們了解干擾項的特點,有助於迅速、果斷地排除這些干擾項,從而確定正確的答案.通常情況下,干擾項具有如下五個特點：
1.主題變大.干擾項所歸納、概括的范圍變大,超過文章實際所提及的內容.
2.斷章取義.干擾項常以文章中的個別信息或個別字眼作為選項的設計內容,或者以次要的事實或細節充當全文的主要觀點.
3.以偏概全.干擾項只表述了文章的部分內容,也就是文章的局部信息.
4.無中生有,似是而非.有的干擾項中的關鍵詞語好似在文章中談到了,但認真分析之後會發現這類干擾項的內容與文章的內容毫無聯系.
5.張冠李戴.命題者有意地把屬於A的特徵放在B的身上,構成一個干擾項.我們不注意的情況下,會造成錯選答案.
⑸ 英語閱讀理解主旨大意解題技巧
英語閱讀理解主旨大意解題技巧
主旨大意題是高考閱讀理解的主要題型之一， 旨在考查考生對鍛煉大意或者文章中心思想的把握和歸納能力。此類題數量較大，在15個題中約佔3-4個。下面就跟著我一起來詳細了解一下主旨大意題的解題技巧吧!
◆主旨大意題的分類
⑴從考查對象上劃分，主旨大意題可分為兩種
①篇章主旨：針對全文的主題進行提問。主題句出現在首段的居多，其次是末段或為幾段主題的綜
②段落主旨：針對某一段或幾段的主題提問。主題句可能是段落的首句、末句，也可能需要從上下文中尋找或總結。
⑵從考查內容上劃分，主旨大意題可分為三種
①主題類(內容)，考查文章或段落的主旨大意;
②目的類，考查文章或段落的寫作目的;
③標題類，要求考生選出文章的最佳標題。
◆設問特點：
1. 考查全文主旨或段落大意。
2. 正確選項概況范圍大小恰當，主旨判斷准確。
3. 錯誤選項的特點常常是太大、太窄或者偏離主題，主觀臆斷。
4. 常以main idea, best idea, subject, mainly discuss 等詞提問。
◆常考問題：
1). 中心思想類
The main point /idea of the passage is…
The passage is mai nly about…
The passage mainly discusses…
The last but one paragraph is chiefly concerned with…?
Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?
2).標題類
Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
The best title for the passage would be …
3).目的類
The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is to …
The passage is meant to ….
In writing this passage, the author mainly intends to…
【技巧點撥】
1. 尋找主題句:
抓住段落或文章主題的捷徑之一就是在段落或文章中尋找主題句。主題句是指能表達或概況段落主題或文章主要內容的句子， 通常是一個簡潔、完整、具有概況性的句子，較多出現在說明文和議論文中，而其他句子則圍繞著主題句展開進行說明解釋或擴展。
主題句在文中的位置:
1)開門見山：提出主題----細節支撐闡明主題
2)段末點睛：細節描述----歸納要點---概括主題
3)段中點旨：細節描述---歸納主題---進一步解釋
4)無主題句:考生需根據文章中所敘述的事實或提供的線索來概括和總結文章的大意
2. 捕捉關鍵詞：
略讀是概括和歸納文章或段落大意的基本方法。略讀時要快，把注意力集中在關鍵詞(即實詞)上，非關鍵詞(即虛詞)則一帶而過。注意出現頻率高的詞可能是蘊涵中心思想的關鍵詞，分析歸納篩選出最能表達主旨或這這意圖 的`關鍵詞，繼而確定文章的主旨大意。
3. 仔細推敲選項：
1)主旨大意題的干擾項的特點有：
①以偏概全：只闡述了文章的部分內容，也就是文章的局部信息;
②無中生有或似是而非：有的干擾項中的關鍵詞語好像在文章中談到了，但認真分析之後你會發現這類干擾項的內容與文章的內容毫無聯系。
③主題擴大：歸納概括的范圍過大，超過文章實際討論的內容;
④張冠李戴：命題者有意地把屬於A的特徵放在B的身上，構成一個干擾項。在我們不注意的情況下，會造成錯選答案。
2)主旨大意題的正確選項特徵
①含有抽象名詞和概括性詞語的選項往往是正確答案;
②較全面、有針對性地表達文章中心思想的選項一般是答案項。
;⑹ 英語閱讀理解技巧主旨
英語閱讀理解技巧主旨
主旨大意題主要是測試考生對一篇文章或一段文字的深層理解程度及在速讀中准確把握文章主旨大意的能力。下面我給大家整理有關英語閱讀理解主旨大意題的解題技巧，歡迎大家閱讀學習!
【主旨大意題解題技巧】
主旨大意題主要是測試考生對一篇文章或一段文字的深層理解程度及在速讀中准確把握文章主旨大意的能力。一般針對某一語段或某一語篇的主題標題或目的設題。
常見的設題方式有:
1 標題類常見的標題型題干
1)The best title/ headline for this passage might be_____________.
2)The text (passage) could be entitled ______________.
3)What is the best title for the passage?
4)Which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage?
2 大意類常見的主題型題干
5) This passage chiefly deals with____________.
6) What‘s the topic of the article?
7) What is the subject discussed in the text?
8) With what topic is the passage chiefly concerned?
3 目的主旨大意題
The author‘s main purpose in writing the passage is______. The passage is meant to _____ The purpose of this article is _______
這類題通常圍繞一個中心思想展開。不少文章一開頭便展示出文章的中心思想。第一段常常是內容的梗概，同時又表達了中心思想，但是不少文章的中心思想貫穿全文，並沒有用一句話明確表達出來。這就要求學生學會歸納概括。每個段落往往也由一個主題句或幾個陳述句構成，它們在句中的位置不同，有時在開頭,首先點明本段大意; 有時在結尾, 總結本段大意。
做這類題，首先要找出文章的主題句。找出文章的主題句，也就明確了文章要講什麼，再通過速讀全文，就可以把握文章的中心思想了。另外在許多文段中，沒有可以概括全段意義的主題句，必須根據文章中所提供的事實細節，進行全面分析，然後歸納成一般概念。但必須注意，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括時過於寬泛，要恰如其分。
A.主題句呈現的形式
1?文首開門見山, 提出主題, 隨之用細節來解釋, 支撐或發展主題句所表達的主題思想. 最常見的演繹法寫作方式. 例1.The panda is a popular animal. Stories about the panda in the Washington Zoo are always front page news and important features on television newscasts. Stuffed pandas are among the most popular toys for children, and panda postcards are always in demand in zoo gift shops.
例2.Today the problem of environment has become more and more serious. The world population is rising, so quickly that the world has become too crowded. We are using up our natural resources too quickly and at the same time we are polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals. If we continue to do this, human life on earth will not survive.
2).文尾?在表述細節後, 歸納要點, 印象, 結論建議或結果, 以概括主題. 這是英語中最常見的歸納法寫作方式
3).文中通常前面只提出問題， 文中的主題由隨之陳述的細節或合乎邏輯的引申在文中導出, 而後又作進一步的解釋, 支撐或發展.
例4.Nothing is as useful as a flashlight in a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand a camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.
4).首尾呼應?為突出主題, 作者先提出主題, 結尾時再次點出主題, 這種首尾呼應的'寫作方式較為多見. 但前後表述主題的句子不是簡單的重復, 後面的表述往往有進一步的引申或發展的意味。
例5.?首段?Shu Pulong has helped at least 1000 people bitten by snakes, “ It was seeing people with snakes bites that led me to the career.“she said„
?尾段?“The sad story touched me so much that I decided to devote myself to helping people bitten by snakes.‖Shu said.
5).無主題句?即主題句隱含在全文中, 沒有明確的主題句. 必須根據文篇中所提供的事實細節?進行全面考慮?綜合分析?然後找出共同的東西?歸納成一般概念。必須注意的是?既不能以偏概全?也不能在概括時過於寬泛?要恰如其分。
例6.Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the University of Paris and decided to leave his graation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.
Q: What is the main idea of the passage? ????
A. How Joshua Bingham became a lawyer. B. Bingham is a diligent student.
C. Joshua Bingham received an excellent ecation. D. A good lawyer needs good ecation.
[分析]此文沒有主題句。全篇共四句?只陳述了四個細節(detail)性的事實。因此就答案本身看?個個都對。讀者只能將所有的details綜合起來?進行邏輯推理?才能構成一個沒有言明的主題思想(unstated main idea)。由於文中主要涉及了Joshua Bingham接受教育的情況?即作者想告訴我們的是?Joshua Bingham接受過良好的教育?所以答案是 ?
除了以上主題句呈現的常見形式外還要注意標志詞 文章或段落的主題句常常會出現在一些標志性的提示後。如?on the whole, as a result, in short, therefore, thus„..I agree with the opinion that„.;Given all these points above, I would support the idea that„.; For all the reasons mentioned above, I would prefer„.
;⑺ 主旨大意的英文
主旨大意的英文:Main idea
考生對這襪蠢一構造的掌握，有助於迅速掌握文章的主題，把告禪陪握文章的脈絡，從而快捷而准確地抓住文章或段落的中心思想。解答此類題目的關鍵在於迅速抓住閱讀文章的主題句。
考生只要找准了主題句，對於閱讀理解中的主旨大意題就迎刃而解了。
主題句的顯著特點：主題句所表達的意思具有明顯的概括性；句子構造簡單精練；文章或段落中的其他句子都是對主題句的進一步解釋、說明、論證或擴展。
⑻ 高中英語閱讀理解之主旨大意的解題方法
高中英語閱讀理解之主旨大意的解題技巧
典例剖析1.[2015·江蘇高考，C篇]Suppose you become a leader in an organization. It's very likely that you'll want to have volunteers to help with the organization's activities. To do so, it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work.
Let's begin with the question of why people volunteer. Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved. For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences, and to strengthen social relationships. If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate. To select volunteers, you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.
People also volunteer because they are required to do so. To increase levels of community service, some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs. Unfortunately, these programs can shift people's wish of participation from an internal factor (e.g., “I volunteer because it's important to me.”) to an external factor (e.g. ，“I volunteer because I'm required to do so.”). When that happens, people become less likely to volunteer in the future. People must be sensitive to this possibility when they make volunteer activities a must.
Once people begin to volunteer, what leads them to remain in their positions over time? To answer this question, researchers have concted followup studies in which they track volunteers over time. For instance, one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year. One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions. Although this result may not surprise you, it leads to important practical advice. The researchers note that attention should be given to “training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience”.
Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on indivial differences in the degree to which people view “volunteer” as an important social role. It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work. Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such as “Volunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am.” Consistent with the researchers' expectations, they found a positive correlation (正相關) between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer. These results, once again, lead to concrete advice: “Once an indivial begins volunteering, continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity... Items like Tshirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contributions can help strengthen role identity.”
QWhat is the best title of the passage?
A.How to Get People to Volunteer
B.How to Study Volunteer Behaviors
C.How to Keep Volunteers' Interest
D.How to Organize Volunteer Activities
[答案]A主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文主要闡述了人們為什麼要做志願者，和持續進行志願活動與志願者身份認同之間的正比關系，並強調要加強對志願者身份的認同。A項“如何讓人們參與志願者活動”能概括文章中心，適合做標題。故選A。
2.[2015·天津高考，B篇]Whether in the home or the workplace, social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years. Social robots are about to bring technology to the everyday world in a more humanized way, said Cynthia Breazeal, chief scientist at the robot company Jibo.
While household robots today do the normal housework, social robots will be much more like companions than mere tools. For example, these robots will be able to distinguish when someone is happy or sad. This allows them to respond more appropriately to the user.
...
QWhat does the passage mainly present?
A.A new design idea of household robots.
B.Marketing strategies for social robots.
C.Information on household robots.
D.An introction to social robots.
[答案]D主旨大意題。第一段第一句“Whether in the home or the workplace, social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years.”開篇點題並結合對全文的整體理解可推知，本文是一篇說明文，主要對社交機器人進行了簡要的介紹。故選D。
技能演練
CHICAGO (Reuters)Smoking not only can wrinkle (皺紋) the face and turn it yellow—it can do the same to the whole body, researchers reported on Monday.
The study, published in the Archives of Dermatology, shows that smoking affects the skin all over the body—even skin protected from the sun.
...
Smoking can also damage the connective tissue (組織) that supports both die skin and the internal organs.
QThe best title for this passage would be ________.
A.The Danger of Smoking
B.Smoking Causes Skin Aging
C.Quit Smoking for Health
D.A Survey of Smokers
答案：B主旨大意題。本文主要講述了吸煙影響皮膚，使皮膚衰老。所以選B。
2.British pupils taught by Chinese are better than their peers in maths and science, a new study has found.
In a study aimed at comparing the British and the Chinese school systems, pupils taught by Chinese teachers outperformed the rest of their peers in a series of exams set by an independent research body (The Institute of EcationIOE).
In an experiment for BBC Two's “Are Our Kids Tough Enough? Chinese School”， five teachers from China were responsible for the ecation of 50 students for four weeks at Bohunt School in Hampshire. Learning together in one classroom, the students of mixed abilities were taught in a Chinese style ecation system, with 12 hour days and a stricter learning regime (制度).
...
QWhat's the test mainly talk about?
A.The British students guided by the Chinese teachers behave better than their mates in some aspects of schooling.
B.Chinese teachers are better than American teachers in maths and science.
C.The school systems between China and Britain are so different.
D.The Chinese teachers show a stricter learning to the British students.
答案：A主旨大意題。本文主要講述由中國老師指導的英國學生在學校的表現比其他學生要好。所以選A。
3.In an incredible feat (技藝) of memory, college lecturer Li Yan, 51, recited every word of an EnglishChinese dictionary, a total of 220,000 words.
The 51yearold business English lecturer at Xi'an Jiaotong University in Xi'an, started to recite the entire content of an EnglishChinese dictionary on August 6, 2013, and completed the task 19 days later. Since that first recitation, she has performed the task 28 times.
“I tried to remember every word in the dictionary in order to make it easier for me to teach my classes，” Li said.
Her perseverance (堅持) comes from a hard life that taught her to keep going forward no matter how many difficulties she encountered.
...
QWhat could be the best title for the text?
A.A Responsible Mother
B.An Effective Teaching Method
C.An Extraordinary Female
D.A Living Dictionary
答案：D主旨大意題。本文主要講述的是一個大學講師，通過努力把一部英漢詞典全部背過，堪稱一部“活詞典”。
4.[2016·青島聯考]I work in a nursing home and my job is to take care of the elderly.
This year, a very sweet old lady that I cared for, Alice, had gone through a difficult time. She got dementia and so she had been in the hospital twice. In November I was finally able to get her back to her “home”.
Alice had thought her daughter was coming to visit her on Christmas Day and that they were going to have the whole family together like the old days. When she finally realized that that happy moment was not going to happen, she was very sad. Knowing that her daughter was coming after Christmas was not enough to make her feel happy. I hated the idea of her being alone on the holiday!
On Christmas Eve, I gave her a surprise by asking if she would like to go to a candlelight service at church that night.
Instead of taking her to my church, I took her to her old neighborhood church where all her friends were. We got there early and I got her a seat where her friends could see her as they came in. Then soon some of her friends came to the church and they rushed over to greet her and sit with her.
The candlelight service was beautiful and Alice got a lot of love from her old and new friends there.
The truth of the story is that I am the one who got the best gift: the smile on Alice's face.
QWhat is the best title for this passage?
A.A Special Candlelight Christmas Eve
B.The Dream of All Old Lonely Ladies
C.My Special Job
D.The True Love
答案：A主旨大意題。本文講述了作者幫助一位老人過了一個特別的燭光平安夜的故事，故選A項。
高中英語閱讀理解之指代對象題的解題技巧
典例剖析[2015·浙江高考，C篇]If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars, we would go in darkness happily, the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal (夜間活動的) species on this planet. Instead, we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun's light. This is a basic evolutionary fact, even though most of us don't think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet it's the only way to explain what we've done to the night: We've engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.
...
QWhat does “it”(Paragraph 1) most probably refer to?
A.The night. B.The moon.
C.The sky. D.The planet.
[答案]A指代判斷題。根據第一段中的“even though most of us don't think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet it's the only way to explain what we've done to the night: We've engineered it to receive us by filling it with night.”可知，事實上，雖然我們並不承認自己是白晝生物，但很多時候我們總是用光來照亮夜晚，故此處it指代前面的“the night”。故選A項。
2.[2015·湖南高考，A篇]...
Cyclists jump on and off pavements (which are meant for pedestrians), ride at speed along the pavements, and think they have a special right to go through traffic lights when they are on red.
I was almost knocked down recently by a cyclist riding on the pavement when there was a cycle lane right next to him.
Other road users, including horse riders, manage to obey the rules so why not cyclists?
It's about time they had to be registered and insured, so when they do hit a pedestrian or a vehicle, or cause an accident, at least they can be traced and there might be an opportunity to claim.
——JML
Write to Viewpoints of the newspaper.
QThe underlined word “they” in the third letter refers to ________.
A.accidents B.vehicles
C.pedestrians D.cyclists
[答案]D指代判斷題。根據第三封信第一段第一句的主語“Cyclists”可知，該信主要是對騎自行車者的抱怨和建議;結合畫線詞所在句中的“they had to be registered and insured, so when they do hit a pedestrian or a vehicle, or cause an accident”可知，騎自行車者應該注冊登記並購買保險，這樣當他們撞上行人或車輛，引發事故時，可以被查出，承擔責任。由此可推知，“they”指代的是“cyclists”。故D項正確。
3.[2015·福建高考，B篇]...
Papa, as a son of a dirtpoor farmer, left school early and went to work in a factory, for ecation was for the rich then. So, the world became his school. With great interest, he read everything he could lay his hands on, listened to the town elders and learned about the world beyond his tiny hometown. “There's so much to learn，” he'd say. “Though we're born stupid, only the stupid remain that way.” He was determined that none of his children would be denied (拒絕) an ecation.
Thus, Papa insisted that we learn at least one new thing each day. Though, as children, we thought this was crazy, it would never have occurred to us to deny Papa a request. And dinner time seemed perfect for sharing what we had learned. We would talk about the news of the day; no matter how insignificant, it was never taken lightly. Papa would listen carefully and was ready with some comment, always to the point.
QThe underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refers to “________”.
A.one new thing B.a request
C.the news D.some comment
[答案]C指代判斷題。根據畫線詞前面的“We would talk about the news of the day; no matter how insignificant”可知，吃晚飯的時候，作者一家人會談論這一天所發生的新聞，不管這些事是多麼的無關緊要。由此可推知，“it”指代的是這句話中的“the news”。故答案選C。
技能演練Have you heard of the term “tweenager” ? It's a new word being used in the UK to describe children between the ages of about 10 and 12. Why are the media suddenly referring to kids in this way?
Well, more and more companies are beginning to create procts and services for tweenagers. The Disney company sells the Hannah Montana television show, music, films and procts to tweenagers and their parents. You can get everything from branded lunchboxes and cellphones, to fan magazines and clothing. The High School Musical series of films is also intended for a tweenage audience. So, it's all about sales, which tells us tweenagers must have more money, freedom and influence upon their parents than they have ever had before.
...
QThe underlined word “they” in the second paragraph most probably refers to “________”.
A.companies B.sales
C.tweenagers D.their parents
答案：C指代判斷題。現在的孩子比以前的孩子有更多的零花錢、更多的自由，以及對家長的影響更大了。這里是拿現在的孩子跟以前的孩子對比，所以選C。
2....
Like Schmid, the editors of several selfpublished art magazines also champion (捍衛) found photographs. One of them,_called simply Found, was born one snowy night in Chicago, when Davy Rothbard returned to his car to find under his wiper (雨刷) an angry note intended for some else：“Why's your car HERE at HER place?” The note became the starting point for Rothbard's addictive publication, which features found photographs sent in by readers, such a poster discovered in our drawer.
...
QThe underlined word “them” in Paragraph 4 refers to ________.
A.the readers
B.the editors
C.the found photographs
D.the selfpublished magazines
答案：D指代判斷題。根據第四段第一句“Like Schmid, the editors of several selfpublished art magazines also champion (捍衛) found photographs.”以及第二句中畫線後的“called simply Found”可推知，them指代“self-published art magazines”，所以選D。
3.[2016·山西聯考]...
The latest Chinese “god song” (an Internet term to describe pop songs that spread virally through the Internet) is still stirring up fierce debates between those who view it as a milestone for Chinese pop music going global and those who regard it as a bad image of China.
Last week, Little Apple, written and performed by the Chopsticks Brothers, won the AMA International Song Award and the_o performed the song at the 2014 American Music Awards in Los Angeles. Another Chinese pop singer, Zhang Jie, won the International Artist Award.
...
QWhat do the underlined words “the o” refer to?
A.Little Apple.
B.Chopsticks Brothers.
C.Zhang Jie.
D.American singers.
答案：B指代判斷題。根據第二段的第一句“Last week, Little Apple, written and performed by the Chopsticks Brothers, won the AMA International Song Award and the_o performed the song at the 2014 American Music Awards in Los Angeles.”可推知，the o的意思是“一對表演者”，此處代指《小蘋果》的表演者“筷子兄弟”，故選B項。
4.[2016·南昌一模]...
Even if trees cannot walk, they are still on the move.
In parts of the Arctic, entire forests are moving northward. Across the Arctic, temperatures are rising faster than anywhere else in the world. As that happens, the tree line that marks where forests stop and the treeless tundra (凍原) starts has been shifting northward. Trees growing along the tree line must protect themselves from the cold wind. To do this,_plants tend to grow horizontal (水平的) branches low to the ground. The energy it takes for trees to grow this way means they don't have enough energy to make seeds.
QWhat does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A.To proce more seeds.
B.To move northward
C.To respond to the climate change.
D.To protect themselves from the cold wind.
⑼ 高考英語閱讀理解主旨大意題解題技巧
高考英語閱讀理解主旨大意題解題技巧
導語：高考復習的重點一是要掌握所有的知識點，二就是要大量的做題，以下是我為大家精心整理的高考英語閱讀理解主旨大意題解題技巧，歡迎大家參考！
閱讀理解之主旨大意題
我們閱讀一篇文章， 首先是要了解其大意， 明確其主旨。因此， 主旨大意題是常考題。主旨大意題包括：主要內容(main idea, mainly about)型、文章標題(title)型、寫作目的(purpose)型。廣東高考近幾年來考查過的題目中mainly about只考過4題，title題考了5題， purpose題考了5題。
解題技巧
1.弄清文章的大意， 關鍵是找到主題句。
主題句的位置：主題句通常在文首、文末或首尾呼應， 有時也在文中，或沒有主題句，需根據文章所述內容進行歸納。各段的主題句也常在該段的首句或尾句。議論文和說明文一般有主題句，但記敘文通常沒有主題句，需要歸納。
2.找主題句的方法：用瀏覽法(skimming)，即
快速閱讀文首、文尾，或每段的首句和尾句等，搜索主題線索和主題信息。找主題句的四個小竅門：
(1)段落中出現表轉折的詞語(如however, but, in fact, actually等)時， 該句很可能是主題句。
(2)首段出現疑問句時， 對該問題的回答很可能就是文章主旨。
(3)作者有意識地反復重復的觀點，通常是主旨;反復出現的詞語，一般為體現文章主旨的關鍵詞。
(4)表示總結或結論的話常有therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion等。
3.關於干擾項和正確答案。
(1)干擾項可能屬文中某個具體事實或細節;可能屬文中某些 (不完全的)事實或細節片面推出的錯誤結論;可能屬非文章事實的主觀臆斷。
(2)正確答案：是根據文章意思全面理解而歸納概括出來的;但不能太籠統、言過其實或以偏概全。
4.在閱讀理解中，主旨大意題常有以下幾種命題方式： (1)Main idea型：選擇項多為陳述句，要求考生選擇表達作者思想或觀點的.句子。題干多為如下形式：
①What's the main idea/point of the passage?
②The passage is mainly about________.
③The passage is mainly concerned about________.
④Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?
⑤Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea/theme of the passage?
⑥In this passage the author discusses primarily______.
⑦The subject discussed in this text is________.
⑧The general/main idea of the passage is about________.
(2)Main purpose型：選擇項多為動賓結構，要求考生找到主要的寫作目的，常見以下幾種題干形式：
①What's the purpose of the passage?
②The passage is meant to________.
③The purpose of the article is to________.
④In this passage the writer tries to tell us that________.
⑤The passage tells us that________.
⑥The author's main purpose in writing the passage is to ...
(3)標題型：選擇文章標題是另一類對主旨大意題考查的形式，命題形式：
①The best title of the passage is________.
②Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
③The best title for the passage is________.
④The most appropriate title of the passage is________.
In the animal kingdom, weakness can bring about aggression in other animal. This sometimes happens with humans also. But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people. I see it every day when people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat. And I have discovered that it makes them happy.
典型例析
From my wheelchair experience, I see the best in people...Often, we try every way possible to avoid showing our weakness...But only when we stop
pretending we're brave or strong do we allow people to show the kindness that's in them.
30.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A.A Wheelchair Experience.
B.Weakness and Kindness.
C.Weakness and Strength.
D.A Driving Experience
解析：主旨大意題。在第一段中，出現了表轉折的But...可知，「But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people」便是主題句，再根據第二段最後一句可以確定，這句的確是主題句。又因標題要簡明、醒目，故選B。
答案：B
In a world with limited land, water and other natural resources (資源), the harm from the traditional business model is on the rise. Actually, the past decade has seen more and more forests disappearing and globe becoming increasingly warm. People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable (可持續的)ways. That means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable
procts.In other words, we should keep the earth healthy while using its supply of natural resources.
Today, sustainable development is a proper trend in many countries....In recent years the markets for sustainable procts have grown by more than 50%.
45.What is the main purpose of the passage?
A.To introce a new business model.
B.To compare two business models.
C.To predict a change of the global market.
D.To advocate sustainable development.
解析：主旨大意題。在第一段中，出現了轉折的Actually，其後的「People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed，and that we must be able to develop in sustainable(可持續的)ways」是主題句，隨後的兩句話都是對這一句進
行解釋;句中兩個must清楚表明了作者「提倡可持續發展」，第二段首句「Today，sustainable development is a proper trend in many countries」進一步說明，作者寫這篇文章的主要目的是「提倡可持續發展」。故選D。
答案：D
Although the use of the expression is an insincere, meaningless social custom at times, there is nothing wrong with the sentence except that it is little uninteresting. The salesgirl, the waitress, the teacher, and all the countless others who speak it without thinking may not really care about my day. But in a strange and comfortable way, it's nice to know they care enough to pretend they care when they really don't care all that much. While the expression may not often
be sincere, it is always spoken. The point is that people say it all the time when they like.
30.What is the best title of the passage?
A.Have a Nice Day — a Social Custom
B.Have a Nice Day — a Pleasant Gesture
C.Have a Nice Day — a Heartwarming Greeting
D.Have a Nice Day — a Polite Ending of a Conversation
解析：主旨大意題。由該段的第一句(特別是custom一詞)可知。
答案：A
(2013年高考)Imagination and fantasy can play an important role in achieving the things we fear.Children know this very well. Fred Epstein，in his book If I Make It to Five，tells a story he heard from one of friends about Tom，a fouryearold boy with a cancer in his back bone.He came through several operations and a lot of pain by mastering his imagination
…
It doesn't mean that you should dress as a superhero for you next job interview. But，next time you are tested in a way that seems impossible, imagine what it would take to overcome it. Become the person you need to become to win over your challenge and do it in your mind first. So，let your imagination run wild，and dare to dream.
30.What is the purpose of the passage?
A.To tell us an interesting story.
B.To help us make right decisions.
C.To advise us to care about children.
D.To encourage us to use our imagination.
解析：主旨大意題。由文章首句Imagination and fantasy can play an important role in achieving the things we fear和全文末句So, let your imagination run wild, and dare to dream可知，作者寫這篇文章的目的是鼓勵我們運用我們的想像力。
答案：D
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