高三英語閱讀理解之推理判斷

A. 高考英語閱讀理解易錯題分析

高考英語閱讀理解易錯題分析

在高考英語試卷的各類題型中，閱讀理解和英語作文分值最大，高三學生在復習閱讀理解時也比較吃力，不知從何入手，更不知道怎麼提高閱讀理解能力及分數。下面我為你整理了高考英語閱讀理解易錯題分析，希望對您有所幫助!

高考英語閱讀理解易錯題分析1：

WANG Hao and Wang Liqin, two of China's top table tennis players, both saw the World Table Tennis Championships as a chance to prove themselves. But there was only one champion (冠軍) and Wang Hao, 25, won it last Tuesday in Yokohama , Japan.

Wang Hao, who won the men's doubles title with Chen Qi last Monday, played with spirit to beat Wang Liqin 11-9, 13-11, 11-5, 11-9.

Wang Hao said it was his mental toughness (心理穩定) that made the difference. "I was disappointed by my performances in past championships and the last two Olympic Games. But I have tried to pull myself together and prepared well. This is the result."

Wang Hao said he has always understood the importance of physical training and technical skills. Now he knows the need for mental preparation as well. Having two Olympic silvers had left him feeling bitter (痛苦的). The bitterness perhaps explains why he has not always played at his best in the past.

"I've come to understand that you can learn important lessons from failure," he said. "Losing can build your character and make you a stronger player." His next goal, or dream, is to win the gold medal at the London Olympics in 2012.

Liu Guoliang, head coach of China's table tennis team, sang the praises of Wang Hao's victory. "This is just the beginning of his rise," said Liu. "It's the confidence-booster he needs to make further progress."

1.According to the passage, Wang Hao won _____ gold medals in the World Table Tennis Championships in Yokohama, Japan.

A.only one B.two C.three D.four

2.From Wang Hao, we can know the main reason for his beating Wang Liqin is ______.

A.his technical skills B. his physical training

C.his mental toughness D. his past experience

3.What is the next goal of Wang Hao?

A.To win the title of the champion at the 2012 Olympics

B.To beat Wang Liqin again

C.To prove himself in the future competitions

D.To win more golds in future

4.What can we learn from Wang Hao?

A.Failure is the mother of success.

B.Never give up until you succeed.

C.Where there is a will, there is a way.

D.A good beginning makes a good ending.

1.【錯解分析】典型錯誤A.錯因分析沒有全面地閱讀文章，以點代面了。

【解題指導】細節理解題。根據文章第一段和第二段可知。此類題可以帶著問題在文中採用查讀法尋找答案。

【答案】本題的正確選項為B.

2.【錯解分析】典型錯誤A或B或是D。錯因分析是沒有抓住細節理解題的重點，審題不細。因為題干中有一個mainly.

【解題指導】細節理解題。根據文章第三段中的第一句話可知。對於細節理解題的選項的選擇，一定要理解題干，並防止以次代主。

【答案】本題的正確選項為C。

3.【錯解分析】典型錯誤D.錯因分析審題不清，D項也許是Wang Hao的遠期目標，但是題干是the next goal。

【解題指導】細節理解題。根據文章倒數第二段中的「His next goal, or dream, is to win the gold medal at the London Olympics in 2012.」可知。注意審題。

【答案】本題的正確選項為A。

4.【錯解分析】典型錯誤B或C.錯因分析在於學生對文章的理解不透徹。

【解題指導】推理判斷題。根據文章倒數第二段可知。推理判斷題要認真研讀文章，根據文章中的內容來進行推理判斷。

【答案】本題的正確選項為A。

高考英語閱讀理解易錯題分析2：

Have you ever used solar energy to boil a bottle of water or take a shower? Have you ever thought that solar energy is far away from our daily lives? You may doubt about that. In Japan, there is a wonderful program of Solar City.

Solar City is located 80,000 meters northwest of Tokyo, among the strawberry fields. This is one of Japan』s sunniest places. Solar City covers about 410,000 square metres. Seventy-five percent of the homes there are covered by solar panels. The government has provided people there with the solar panels for free. In addition, the government has paid 9.7 billion yen to study how to make full use of solar energy. A number of solar energy companies have also given money to help this program.

People living in Solar City think using solar panels is a good way to save money. However, saving money is not the only reason why people are moving into this city. "We moved here because of the panels. It was something we wanted,」 said Mika Hiroshima. She moved to Solar City with her husband and two little children about four years ago.

It is well known that Japan is a country that is short of energy, but the Solar City program has brought hope for the country. "People want solar energy,」 said an official of Solar City. Actually in Solar City, there are 550 families making use of solar energy at the moment. All of them say that they want to keep using solar energy even after the program ends in 2010. In sunny days, solar panels are able to provide more than enough energy for a normal family. However, the solar panels are not that useful in cloudy days. Despite this, Solar City is still a wonderful program because it inspires people to wisely use the limited energy.

1.The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to ______.

A.test the readers』 knowledge about solar energy

B.draw the readers』 attention to the topic

C.learn the situation that solar energy is used

D.invite the readers to answer them

2.The third paragraph of the passage is mainly about ______.

A.the reason why people are moving into Solar City

B.how the people are living in Solar City

C.the things that people living in Solar City need

D.the life experience from the people living in Solar City

3.It can be inferred from the passage that _________.

A.Japan is a country which is lacking in energy

B.the solar panels are only useful in sunny days

C.the Solar City program will be successful

D.Solar City is a very modern big city

參考答案及解析：

1.【錯解分析】典型錯誤A.錯因分析：信息錯位，張冠李戴。題干是考查文章開頭的寫作目的，而非全篇的寫作目的。

【解題指導】寫作目的題。作者在文章開頭提出問題讓讀者思考，或是簡單介紹與主題有關的其他事物，目的往往是為了引出主題,故選B。

【答案】本題的正確選項為B。

2.【錯解分析】典型錯誤B.錯因分析是沒有抓住文章段落的主題。

【解題指導】主旨大意題。從本段來看，第一句話說出，生活在太陽城使用太陽電池板省錢。第二句話說出了，生活在太陽城不僅是為了省錢，還為了太陽電池板。因此，可知答案為A。考查文章的段落大意，此時要注意段落的主題句，可位於段首，段尾或段落的中間，也有的要從段中自己提取的。

【答案】本題的.正確選項為A。

3.【錯解分析】典型錯誤A或B.錯因分析是沒有掌握試題的特點，推理判斷題要從文中進行推斷，而不是文中的原話。

【解題指導】推理判斷題。根據文章的最後一段中的「All of them say that they want to keep using solar energy even after the program ends in 2010.」可知。此項目的目的達到了。因此，C項正確。D項，可根據文中的「Solar City covers about 410,000 square metres.」知，Solar City並不是一個大城市。A、B兩項是文中的事實，而非推理。推理判斷題分為簡單推理和復雜推理。所謂簡單推理就是以表面文字為前提，以具體事實為依據進行推理，做出判斷。這種推理方式比較直接，只要弄清事實，即可結合常識推斷出合理的結論。而復雜推理就是不但要以文字為依據，而且還要以文章的語境、內涵為前提。這是一種間接而復雜的邏輯推理方式。考生要推斷出文章沒有表明但又合乎邏輯的推理，就必須由表及裡地歸納或演繹。

【答案】本題的正確選項為C。

;

B. 高中英語閱讀理解的細節推斷題怎麼做

閱讀理解能力測試的主要要求及應試策略

王俊

高中英語閱讀理解能力測試的主要要求：

1．讀材料的主旨和大意，以及用以說明主旨和大意的事實和細節。

2．既理解具體的事實，也理解抽象的概念。

3．既理解字面的意思，也理解深層的含義，包括作者的態度，意圖等。

4．既理解某句，某段的含義，也理解全篇的邏輯關系，並據此進行推理和判斷。

5．既能根據所提供的信息去理解，也能結合中學生應有的常識去理解。根據這五項要求，我們可將閱讀理解多項選擇題歸納為以下幾種題型：細節理解題，詞句理解題，主題、主旨題，猜測詞義題，推理判斷題。下面作者結合平時教學中的經驗體會，談一談做英語

閱讀理解題的技巧與策略。

一、 先看題干，帶著問題讀文章。

即先看試題，再讀文章。閱讀題干，首先要掌握問題的類型，分清是客觀信息題還是主觀判斷題。客觀信息題可以從文章中直接找到答案；而主觀判斷題考查的是對文章的感情基調，作者未加陳述的觀點以及貫穿全文的中心主旨的理解等，這類題必須經過對作者的態度、意圖以及對整篇文章進行深一層的推理等。其次，了解試題題干以及各個選項所包含的信息，然後有針對性地對文章進行掃讀，對有關信息進行快速定位，再將相關信息進行整合、甄別、分析、對比，有根有據地排除干擾項，選出正確答案。此法加強了閱讀的針對性，提高了做題的准確率，節省了寶貴的時間。特別適用於對

圖形表格類題材的理解。

二、 速讀全文，了解大意知主題。

閱讀的目的是獲取信息。一個人的閱讀能力的高低決定了他能否快速高效吸收有用信息。閱讀能力一般指閱讀速度和理解能力兩個方面。閱讀速度是閱讀最基本的能力。沒有一定的閱讀速度就不能順利地輸入信息，更談不上運用英語。近幾年的高考閱讀速度大約是每分鍾40個詞左右。考生必須在十分有限的時間內運用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速閱讀，搜尋關鍵詞、主題句，捕捉時空、順序、情

節、人物、觀點，並且理清文章脈絡，把握語篇實質。

抓主題句這是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。主題句一般出現在文章的開頭和結尾。用歸納法撰寫的文章，都是表述細節的句子在前，概述性的句子居後。此時主題句就是文章的最後一句。通常用演繹法撰寫的文章，大都遵循從一般到個別的寫作程序，即從概述開始，隨之輔以細說。這時，主題句就是文章的第一句。當然也有些文章沒有主題句，需要讀者自己去歸納。主題句往往對全文起提示、啟迪、概括、歸納之作用，主旨大意題，歸納概括題，中心思想題往

往直接可從主題句中找到答案。

試試看，你能找出下面一段文章的主題句嗎？

The panda is a popular animal. Stories about the panda in the Washington Zoo are always front page news and important features on television newscasts. Stuffed pandas are among the most popular toys for children, and panda postcards are always

in demand in zoo gift shops.

不難看出，文章的第一句是主題句，後面的句子都圍繞這個句子展

開。

三、 詳讀細節，理順思路與文章脈絡。

文章絕不是互不相乾的句子雜亂無章的堆砌。作者為文，有脈可循。如記敘文多以人物為中心，以時間或空間為線索，按事件的發生、發展、結局展開故事；論述體則包含論點、論據、結論三大要素，通過解釋、舉例來闡述觀點。你可根據文章的特點，詳讀細節，以動詞、時間、地點、事件、因果等為線索，找出關鍵詞語，運用"畫

圖列表法"，勾畫出一幅完整清晰的文章主題和細節的認知圖。

例如：SEFC 3A Feed the World(2)

本文通過四個不同的國家和地區，總結了世界飢荒的主要原因。運

用圖表，文章的結構和思路就一目瞭然了。

Reasons for world hunger

In EU: 1) Food is bought from farmers and thrown away.

2) Farmers are paid not to grow crops.

In India: Most land is owned by rich land owners.

In less developed countries: Farmers are forced to plant cash

crops.

In western countries: Grain is fed to beef cattle.

四、 邏輯推理，做好深層理解題。

在實際閱讀中，有時作者並未把意圖說出來，閱讀者要根據字面意思，通過語篇邏輯關系，研究細節的暗示，推敲作者的態度，理解文章的寓義。這就是通常所說的深層理解。深層理解主要包括歸納概括題（中心思想，加標題等）和推理判斷題，是閱讀理解中的難點。深層理解是一種創造性的思維活動。它必須忠實於原文；要以文章提供的事實和線索為依據，立足已知推斷未知，不能憑空想像，隨意揣測；它要求讀者對文字的表面信息進行分析、挖掘和邏輯推理，不能就事論事，以偏概全。只有吃透文章的字面意思，推理才

有前提和基礎。推理題在提問中常用的詞有： infer, imply, suggest, indicate等。例如高考題：

Annealing

Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. If metal is heated and then cooled very quickly, for example by dipping (浸) it in water, it will be very hard but also very brittle-that is, it will break easily. Metal that has been annealed is soft but does not break as easily. It is possible to make metal as hard or as soft as it is wished, by annealing it. The metal is heated, and allowed to cool slowly for a certain length of time. The longer the heated metal takes to cool slowly, the softer it becomes. Annealing can also be used on other material, such

as glass.

1. Why do people put hot metal in water?

A. To make it hard. B. To make it soft.

C. To make it cool. D. To make it brittle.

2. In annealing, the required hardness of metal depends on __.

A. the quantity of water used B. the temperature of the metal

C. the softness of the metal D. the timing of the operation

3. As suggested by the text, how can glass be made less brittle?

A. It can be heated and then cooled quickly.

B. It can be cooled and then heated slowly.

C. It can be heated and then cooled slowly.

D. It can be cooled and then heated quickly.

1、答案為A，此題屬推斷歸納題。文中第二句說如果把金屬加熱，然後迅速放到水裡冷卻，也就會變得非常硬，但也變得脆。hard 是工藝的主觀目的。brittle是伴隨的客觀結果，故選A而不選D。B

項明顯錯誤；C項是手段不是目的，因此，都可排除。

2、答案為D,此題屬概括歸納題。timing 是時間的選擇。本答案的依據是5和6兩句，"The metal is heated,…length of time.","The longer…the softer it becomes."cool 的時間是可以控制的，時間越長越 soft,即硬度就越低。由此我們可得出結論：在退火過程

中，金屬的硬度是受到冷卻的時間長短影響的。

3、答案為C此題屬推理判斷題。文中提到"metal"。最後一句說退

火工藝同樣可用於象玻璃一類的其他材料。文中我們已知"annealing"就是先"heat"後"cool slowly"。由此推斷C是正確的。

五、 猜詞悟義，掃除閱讀攔路虎。

猜詞是應用英語的重要能力，也是高考中常用的題型。它不但需要准確無誤地理解上下文，而且要有較大的泛讀量，掌握或認識較多的課外詞彙。我們要學會"順藤摸瓜"，通過構詞，語法，定義，同

位，對比，因果，常識，上下文等線索確定詞義。

a. 定義法

如：Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly.句子給予annealing 以明確的定義，即"退火"。

It will be very hard but also very brittle------that is , it will break easily.從後面的解釋中我們可以了解到brittle 是"脆"的意思。

The herdsman , who looks after sheep,earns about 650yuan a year.定語從句中 looks after sheep 就表明了 herdsman 的詞義為"牧人"。

b 同位法

如:They traveled a long way , at last got to a castle, a large building in old times.同位語部分a large building in old times 給出了 castle 的確切詞義，即"城堡"。

We are on the night shift----from midnight to 8 a.m.---this week.兩個破折號之間的短語很清楚地表明night shift 是"夜班"的意思。

c. 對比法

如:She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class. but 一詞表轉折，因此but 前後的意思正相反。後半句的意思是她今天"第一節上了一半才來"，因此反向推理，可得出她平時一向"准時"的結論。

d. 構詞法（前綴、後綴、復合、派生等）

Perhaps, we can see some possibilities for next fifty years. But the next hundred? possibility 是 possible 的同根名詞， 據此可以判斷定 possibility 意思是"可能性"。

e. 因果法

如:The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken。Sometimes the weakness was permanent。So the player could never play the sport again.從後面的結果"永遠不能再運動"中，可以推測 permanent 的意思為"永遠的，永久的"。

六、 養成習慣，潛移默化結碩果。

1、養成默讀習慣，使注意力集中的文字元號上，糾正唇讀，心讀，喉讀等做法，以免分散精力，影響閱讀速度。

2、克服指讀、回視、重讀等不良習慣，因為這樣容易使理解只停留在某個詞或句子上，使獲得的信息支離破碎。要善於抓住句子中的核心詞，從一個句子快速地掃視到另一個句子，進行連貫性理解。

如:"Would you like to do some shopping together with me? If you are free, please ring me back to tell me about it."這個句子，只要掃視劃線的核心詞，其語義就基本上清楚了。

英語閱讀能力的培養是一個漸進的復雜過程，要養成每天閱讀英語的習慣，循序漸進，持之以恆，精泛結合，廣泛獵奇。在潛移默化

中你會感覺到你的閱讀能力又有了長足的提高。

C. 高考英語閱讀理解推理判斷題的解題技巧(2)

例 NMET2000年閱讀理解B篇

59. The writer』s purpose in writing this story is ________.

A. to tell an interesting experience

B. to show the easiest way out of difficulty

C. to describe the trouble facing a newly married woman

D. to explain the difficulty of learning to cook from books

從原文中… As I was not experienced in cooking , I thought if a dozen was good , two dozen would be better , so I doubled everything .…I had been defeated , I put the dough in the rubbish bin outside so I wouldn』t have to face Doug laughing at my work , …I don』t know who was more embarrassed(尷尬)by the whole thing Doug or me. 可看出文章敘述了一位新婚主婦按烹調書做發面失敗的尷尬經歷。 但是全文充滿了一種諷刺幽默的筆調, 文章最後一句帶俏皮感，說明主人公心情並不沉重，而是感到有點好笑，所以答案應選A。作者寫作目的是自述一次有趣的經歷。選項B肯定為錯誤答案，因為它與本文首句(The easy way out isn』t always easiest)不合; D反映作者寫作目的是解釋從書本上學烹飪的困難，也不對，因為作者並未詳細介紹主人公從書本上學烹飪是如何力不從心的; 主人公並不會天天面對這種煩惱，選項C為錯誤答案。雖然全文語境含貶義，但文章的言外之意需要讀者對作者寫作意圖做深層挖掘,若不然就會被誤導而作出錯誤判斷。

4. 根據文章的結論推斷作者的態度

作者態度、傾向是指作者對陳述的觀點是贊同、反對還是猶豫不定，對記敘或描寫的人、物或事件等是贊頌、同情、冷漠還是厭惡、憎恨。作者的這種思想 傾向和感情色彩往往隱含在文章的字里行間，或流露於修飾的詞語之中。因此，在推斷過程中，應特別注意文中作者的措辭，尤其是表達感情色彩的形容詞。

例 Why isn』t your newspaper reporting any good news?All I read about is murder， bribery()，and death.Frankly，I』m sick of all this bad news.

This author』s attitude towards the newspaper reporting is to ______ .

A. complain B. apologize

C. amuse D. inform

解析 作者一是向讀者說明這份報紙上只登載壞新聞，如兇殺和死亡等;二是在字里行間流露出自己的抱怨情緒 (對壞新聞厭惡透了)，故應選A。

5. 根據上下文的邏輯得出結論

邏輯結論是指嚴格根據文章中所陳述的事實、論點、例證等一系列論據材料進行推理，從而得出合乎邏輯的結論，而不是根據自己的經驗、態度、觀點或愛好去理解文章的內涵。做這類題時，應把握作者的寫作思路，預測下文可能發展的內容。文章可按事件發展的經過描寫，也可按因果關系, 對比關系來描寫。

例 We are in the computer age.We often see computers at work.They are especially useful in automatic control，data processing(數據處理)and solving complicated problems.And they are finding their way into the home.The part played by computers is becoming even more important with each passing day.

More and cleverer computers will continue to appear.They will run faster，have more functions and work much more skillfully.They will take over more tasks from us，helping to change the face of our world.Some people even think that sooner or later computers will replace us.

However...

Which of the following statements will best continue the third paragraph?

A. Computers will soon stop developing.

B. Many people like computers very much.

C. Computers are as clever as man.

D. I do not think computers will replace us completely.

解析 本文採用了對比關系法來描寫，前面描寫了計算機的長處，但作者用However一詞預示著將引出相反的觀點，故答案為D。

6. 結合已有的知識進行推斷

知識推斷是根據文章中所闡述的細節，運用自己 掌握的基礎知識進行分析、推敲，從而得出符合文章原義的結論的一種推斷方法。知識推斷題一般都是針對細節。解答此類題，不僅需要我們有一定的社會基礎知識，而且還需要對細節以及有關背景知識有一個充分的理解。

例 NMET1996 A篇

53. After reading the story what can we infer about the hospital?

A. It is a children』s hospital.

B. It has strict rules about visiting hours.

C. The conditions there aren』t very good.

D. The nurses and doctors there don』t work hard.

解析 本文講述了一位母親採用拖地計謀混進病房探視女兒的故事。由常識可知醫院內拖地並非醫生 護士的工作，選項D不對。C項與文中的It』s a fine hospital意思相矛盾。A項依據不充分，女兒未必都是兒童。正確答案是B。文中I told her about the hospital rules, and she will not expect us until tomorrow. 則暗示此規章在探視時間上是嚴格規定的，而且在實際生活中我們都知道醫院探視病人是有嚴格的制度的。

D. 高考英語閱讀理解題型及解題技巧

高考英語閱讀理解題型及解題技巧如下：
1、題型分類：主旨大意題，答題技巧：閱讀理解文章多是議論文和說明文，這兩種文體的結構可歸納為：提出問題——論述問題——得出結論或者闡明觀點。對於這類文章，抓主題句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。
2、細節理解題，答題技巧：可直接找到相關細節，但需經過計算方可找到答案。
3、推理判斷題，答題技巧：推斷題是考查大家透過文章表面的文字信息進行分析、綜合、歸納等邏輯推理的能力。推理和判斷必須以事實為依據，切莫主觀臆斷。
4、詞義猜測題，答題技巧：通過因果關系猜詞通過因果關系猜詞。專業老師在線權威答疑 zy.offercoming.com

E. 如何做好「高考英語閱讀理解中的推斷題」

高考英語閱讀理解中的推斷題，要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基礎上，作出一定的判斷和推理，從而得出文章的隱含意義和深層意義。推斷題屬於主觀性較強的高層次閱讀理解題，做這類題目時，同學們要嚴格依據作者所陳述的細節、事實以及作者的措詞、態度和語氣，找出能夠表露作者思想傾向和感情色彩的詞句，然後利用自己已獲得的相關知識進行推理判斷，從而得出符合邏輯的結論。根據近幾年高考英語推斷題的考查情況，本文擬就對隱含意義的推斷、作者觀點的推斷、寫作目的推斷以及材料出處的推斷等四種典型的推斷題類型進行分析，以幫助同學們熟練應對。
According to…, we can infer that.
From the text we know that …is most likely.
When the writer talks about …, what the writer
really means is.
The writer suggests that.
The story implies that.
We can infer [conclude] from the passage that.
這類題干中通常常含有infer,
suggest, imply, conclude, intend, purpose, be likelyto…等標志性詞語。2.
干擾項的設置特點
在通常情況下，這類試題的干擾項具有以下特點：或是文章中直接用於表達細節的信息，或是文章中無關緊要或片面推出的結論，或是與文章內容完全相反的結論，或是不合常理或不合邏輯的結論等。3.答題誤區
同學們在做類題目時，很容易誤選文段中直接用於表達信息的選項或表示片面結論的選項。4.技巧點撥
一是要全面分析所有相關信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面結論。二是要忠實原文，切忌脫離原文，憑空臆斷。三是注意不要選擇表層信息答案，應該立足由已知推斷未知。

F. 【考試必備】高中英語閱讀理解解題技巧超強分析！

【 #英語資源# 導語】高中英語在高考總成績中占據150分的分值，很多高中同學都誤認為只要基礎知識掌握牢固就萬事OK了，其實，高中英語的解題更需要一定的技巧，掌握高效的解題技巧能夠事半功倍，輕松應對高考英語難題。 為大家整理了高考英語閱讀理解部分的答題技巧解析，希望能幫助到大家學習。

通過詳細分析歷年高考英語試卷，我們可將閱讀理解分為以下幾種題型：主旨大意題，細節理解題，推理判斷題（含寫作意圖、目的等），詞義猜測題。英語閱讀理解題的技巧與策略是學生提高閱讀理解多需要具備的。

一、 主旨大意題

這類題在設題時常會用到title, subject, main idea, topic, theme等詞。

1.歸納標題題

特點：短小精悍，一般多為一個短語；涵蓋性強，一般能覆蓋全文意思；精確性強，表達范圍要恰當，不能隨意改變語意程度或色彩。常見命題形式有：

What』s the best title for the text?

The best title for this passage is ___.

Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?

2. 概括大意題

包括尋找段落大意（topic）和文章中心思想（main idea），常見命題形式有：

What is the general/main idea of the passage？ Which of the following expresses the main idea？ What is the subject discussed in the text?

BThe writer of the story wants to tell us that_____. The passage/ text is mainly about_____. What』s the article mainly about ？

解題技巧

閱讀理解文章多是議論文和說明文 ，這兩種文體的結構可歸納為：絕仿悄提出問題——論述問題——得出結論或者闡明觀點。對於這類文章，抓主題句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。主題句一般出現在文章的開頭或結尾。主題句具有簡潔性、概括性的特點。主題句在文章中的位置主要有以下幾種情況。

位於段首 ：一般而言，以演繹法撰寫的文章，主題句往往在文章的開頭，即先點出主題，然後圍繞這一主題作具體的陳述。判斷第一句是否為主題句，可具體分析段落的首並渣句與第二，三句的關系；如果從第二句就開始大信對第一句進行說明，論述或描述，那第一句就是主題句。有些段落，在主題句後面有明顯引出細節的信號詞，如for example, an example of; first, second, next, last, finally; to begin with, also, besides; one, the other; some, others等。在閱讀中應盡量利用上述信號詞來確定主題句的位置。

位於段尾 ：有些文章會在開頭列舉事實, 然後通過論證闡述作者的核心論點。因此，如果第一句話不是概括性的或綜合性的話，快速讀一讀段落的最後一個句子，看看它是否具備主題句的特徵。如果它具備主題句的特徵，段落的主題思想就很容易確定了。一般說來，當一種觀點不易向人解釋清楚或不易被人接受時，主題句便會到段落的末尾才出現。學生可以充分利用引出結論的信號詞。如so，therefore，thus，consequently；in conclusion，in short；in a word, to sum up等來確定主題句的位置在段尾。當無明顯的此類信號時，學生可在段落的最後一句話前面添加一個引出結論的信號詞，以確定其是否是主題句。

位於段中 ：有時段落是先介紹背景和細節，接著用一句綜合或概括性的話概括前面所說的內容或事例，然後再圍繞主題展開對有關問題的深入討論。這種文章的主題句往往會在段落中間出現。歸納起來主要有兩種情況：先提出問題，然後給予回答(主題句)，最後給予解釋；或者，先提出問題，然後點出主題思想(主題句)，最後給予解釋。

首尾呼應 ：主題句在段落的開頭和結尾兩個位置上先後出現，形成前呼後應的格局。這兩個主題句敘說的是同一個內容，但用詞不盡相同，這樣不但強調了主題思想，而且顯得靈活多變。這兩個句子並非簡單重復，後一個主題句或對該主題作最後的評述，或對要點作一概括，或使之引申留給讀者去思考。

無明確主題句 ：找關鍵詞（出現頻率較高）, 歸納總結。

注意

新題型中有一個選項是干擾項，解答此類題時同學易犯以下三種錯誤：

（1）表述過於片面，只涵蓋該段個別細節；

（2）表述太過於籠統，已經超出該段的內容；

（3）表述與段落內容無關，在段落中找不到相關依據

二、細節理解題

考查內容主要涉及時間、地點、人物、事件、原因、結果、數字等議論文中例證細節和定義類細節。這類題目的共同特點是：答案一般都能在文章中找到。當然，答案並不一定是文章中的原句，考生需要根據文章提供的信息自己組織語句回答問題。

1.事實細節題→尋讀法

分為直接理解題和間接理解題，前者常用who, what, which, when, where, why和how提問，或判斷正誤；後者需與原文信息轉換，表達上與原文有差異。常見命題形式有：

What can we learn from the passage?

All the following are mentioned except

Which of the following is mentioned (not mentioned)?

Which of the following statements is true/right/false/wrong about…?

2. 排列順序題→首尾定位法（找出第一個事件和最後一個事件，用排除法縮小范圍）

常出現在記敘文和說明文中，一般按事件發生的順序。常見命題形式有：

Which of the following is the correct order of…? Which of the following shows the path of signals described in Paragraph…?

3. 圖文匹配題→按圖索驥理清線索

設題形式：給出圖表，根據圖表提問問題。

4. 數字計算題→（方法：審題→帶著問題找細節→對比、分析、計算）

可直接找到相關細節，但需經過計算方可找到答案。

三、推理判斷題

主要考查學生對文章中隱含或深層的含意的理解能力。 它要求考生根據文章內容做出合乎邏輯的推斷，包括考生對作者觀點的理解，態度的判斷，對修辭、語氣、隱含意思等的理解。題干關鍵詞：infer(推斷),indicate(象徵，暗示), imply/suggest(暗示), conclude(作出結論), assume(假定，設想).

1.細節推理判斷題

一般可根據短文提供的信息或藉助生活常識進行推理判斷，常見命題形式有：

It can be inferred/ concluded from the text that __________.

The author implies/ suggests that_____.

We may infer that _________.

Which of the following statements is implied but NOT stated?

2.預測推理判斷題

根據語篇對文章接下來的內容或可能的結局進行猜測，常見命題形式有： What do you think will happen if/when…?

At the end of this passage, the writer might continue to write_____

3.推測文章來源或讀者對象

常見命題形式有：

The passage is probably take out of_____

The passage would most likely be found in_____

Where does this text probably come from?

4.寫作意圖、目的、態度推斷題

作者的語氣態度往往不會直接寫在文章里，只能通過細讀文章，從作者的選詞及其修飾手段中體會出來。

詢問寫作目的的題，選項里常出現的詞是： explain(解釋), prove (證明), persuade(勸說), advise(勸告), comment(評論), praise(贊揚), criticize(批評), entertain(娛樂), demonstrate(舉例說明), argue(辯論), tell(講述), analyze(分析)等。

詢問語氣態度的題，選項里常出現的詞是： neutral(中立的), sympathetic(同情的), satisfied(滿意的), friendly(友好的), enthusiastic(熱情的), subjective(主觀的), objective(客觀的), matter-of-fact(實事求是的), pessimistic(悲觀的), optimistic(樂觀的), critical(批評的), doubtful(懷疑的), hostile(敵對的), indifferent(冷淡的), disappointed(失望的)。

常見命題形式有：

The purpose of the text is_____

What is the main purpose of the author writing the text? By mentioning…, the author aims to show that_____

What is the author』s attitude towards…?

What is the author』s opinion on…?

The author』s tone in this passage is _____.

解答技巧

推斷題是考查學生透過文章表面的文字信息進行分析、綜合、歸納等邏輯推理的能力。推理和判斷必須以事實為依據，切莫主觀臆斷。

①那些文章中直接陳述的內容不能選，要選擇根據文章推理出來的選項。

②推理不是憑空猜測，而是立足已知推斷未知；作出正確答案時一定要在文中找到依據或理由。

③要忠實於原文，以文章提供的事實和線索為依據。不能以自己的觀點代替作者的想法；不要脫離原文主觀臆斷。

四、詞義猜測題

考點：

①猜測某個詞、片語、句子的意義

②對文中的多義詞或片語進行定義

③判斷某個代詞的指代的對象。常見命題形式有：

The underlined word/phrase in the second paragraph means _____.

The word 「it/they」 in the last sentence refers to______.

The word 「…」（Line 6. para.2）probably means ______.

The word 「…」（Line 6. para.2）could best be replaced by which of the following?

Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word 「…」 ?

解答技巧

1.通過因果關系猜詞通過因果關系猜詞

首先是找出生詞與上下文之間的邏輯關系，然後才能猜詞。有時文章藉助關聯詞(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，of course，therefore等等)表示前因後果。

例如：You shouldn't have blamed him for that，for it wasn't his fault. 通過for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的錯)，可猜出blame的詞義是"責備"。

2.通過同義詞和反義詞的關系猜詞

通過同義詞猜詞 ，一是要看由and或or連接的同義詞片語，如happy and *，即使我們不認識*這個詞，也可以知道它是愉快的意思；二是看在進一步解釋的過程中使用的同義詞，如Man has known something about the planets Venus，Mars，and Jupiter with the help of spaceships. 此句中的Venus(金星)、Mars(火星)、Jupiter(木星)均為生詞，但只要知道planets就可猜出這幾個詞都屬於"行星"這一義域。

通過反義詞猜詞 ，一是看錶轉折關系的連詞或副詞，如but，while，however等；二是看與not搭配的或表示否定意義的詞語，如：He is so homely，not at all as handsome as his brother.根據not at all...handsome我們不難推測出homely的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。

3.通過構詞法猜詞

根據前綴、後綴、復合、派生等構詞知識判斷生詞詞義。如：She is unlikely to have stolen the money. ( 「un」含否定意義，故為「不太可能」之意。)

4.通過定義或釋義關系來推測詞義

例如：But sometimes，no rain falls for a long，long time. Then there is a dry period，or drought. 從drought所在句子的上文我們得知很久不下雨，於是便有一段乾旱的時期，即drought，由此可見drought意思為"久旱"，"旱災"。而a dry period和drought是同義語。這種同義或釋義關系常由is，or，that is，in other words，be called或破折號等來表示。

5.通過句法功能來推測詞義

例如：Bananas，oranges，pineapples，coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生詞，我們可以從這兩個詞在句中所處的位置來判斷它們大致的意思。從句中不難看出pineapples，coconuts和bananas，oranges是同類關系，同屬fruit類，因此它們是兩樣水果，准確地說，是菠蘿和椰子。

6.通過描述猜詞

描述即作者對該人或該物作出的外在相貌或內在特徵的描寫。例如：The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly，it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.從例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一種生活在南極的鳥類。後面更詳盡地描述了該鳥類的生活習性。

7. 根據常識猜詞

如：The door was so low that he hit his head on the lintel.（lintel 「過梁」。）

Afraid of waking the baby up, she tiptoed out of the room.（tiptoed 「踮著腳走，躡手躡腳」）

G. 英語閱讀理解技巧|如何做推理判斷題

1.推理判斷題是歷屆高考英語的命題集中點，包括判斷和推理兩個方面。屬於深層理解題，一般難度較高，得分率較低，其比例約佔30%—40%。
2.推理判斷題要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基礎上，做出一定的推理判斷，從而得到文章的隱含意義和深層意義。推理判斷題所涉及笑碰族的內容可能是文中的某一句話，也可能是某幾句話，所以，推理題的答案只能是根據原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即對原文某一句話或某幾句話所作的同義改寫或綜合。推理判斷題的題干中通常含有infer, suggest, imply, conclude indicate等標志性詞語。 這種題型主要包括細節判斷題、態度觀點推斷題、寫作意圖推斷題、文章出處判斷題吵磨和猜測想像推斷題。
3.常見的設問方式有：
推測作者寫作目的或意圖的設題形式有：
1) The purpose in writing this text is to __________.
2) The author writes this passage to __________.
3) The author in this passage intends to __________.
推測文章的觀點碰弊或結論的設題形式有：
1) It can be inferred from the passage that __________.
2) What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?
3) From the passage we can conclude that __________.
推斷文章出處的設題形式有：
1)The passage is most likely to be taken from_________.
2)Where would this passage most probably appear?
3)The passage is most likely a part of_________.
是非判斷題的設題方式：1．which of the following is （not）true or false ?
2．All of the following statements are wrong except _____
3．All of the following statements are right/true except _____.
4．Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage /text?
邏輯排序題的設題方式：
Which of the following describes one』s logic in doing sth ?
Which of the following shows the correct order of what happened to …?
Choose the right order of the following events in …

H. 高考英語閱讀理解及答案解析

高考英語閱讀理解及答案解析

閱讀理解能力屬於語言的領會技能。包括對書面語言的識別、理解、推理、判斷和快速記憶等幾個方面。下面是我給大家收集的高考英語的閱讀理解真題以及答案解析，歡迎大家參考練習!

第一篇：

Think about the different ways that people use the wind.You can use it to fly a kite or to sail a boat.Wind is one of our cleanest and richest power sources (來源), as well as one of the oldest.Evidence shows that windmills (風車) began to be used in ancient Iran back in the seventh century BC.They were first introced to Europe ring the 1100s, when armies returned from the Middle East with knowledge of using wind power.

For many centuries, people used windmills to grind (磨碎) wheat into flour or pump water from deep underground.When electricity was discovered in the late 1800s, people living in remote areas began to use them to proce electricity.This allowed them to have electric lights and radio.However, by the 1940s when electricity was available to people in almost all areas of the United States, windmills were rarely used.

During the 1970s, people started becoming concerned about the pollution that is created when coal and gas are burned to proce electricity.People also realized that the supply of coal and gas would not last forever.Then, wind was rediscovered, though it means higher costs.Today, there is a global movement to supply more and more of our electricity through the use of wind.

1.From the text we know that windmills ________.

A.were invented by European armies

B.have a history of more than 2,800 years

C.used to supply power to radio in remote areas

D.have rarely been used since electricity was discovered

2.What was a new use for wind power in the late 19th century?

A.Sailing a boat.

B.Procing electricity.

C.Grinding wheat into flour.

D.Pumping water from underground.

3.One of the reasons wind was rediscovered in the 1970s is that ________.

A.wind power is cleaner

B.it is one of the oldest power sources

C.it was cheaper to create energy from wind

D.the supply of coal and gas failed to meet needs

4.What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?

A.The advantages of wind power.

B.The design of wind power plants.

C.The worldwide movement to save energy.

D.The global trend towards procing power from wind.

第二篇：

Winners Club

You choose to be a winner!

The Winners Club is a bank account specially designed for teenagers. It has heen made to help you better manage your money. The Winners Club is a transaction account (交易賬戶) where you receive a key-card so you can get to your money 24/7-that's 24 hours a day, 7 days a week!

It's a club with impressive features for teenagers：

●No account keeping fees!

You're no millionaire so we don't expect you to pay large fees. In fact, there are no account keeping or transaction fees!

●Excellent interest rates!

You want your money to grow. The Winners Club has a good rate of interest which gets even better if you make at least two deposits (儲蓄) without taking them out in a month.

●Convenient

Teenagers are busy—we get that. You may never need to come to a bank at all. With the Winners Club you can choose to use handy tellers and to bank from home using the phone and the Internet ...You can have money directly deposited into your Winners Club account. This could be your pocket money or your pay from your part-time job!

●Mega magazine included

Along with your regular report, you will receive a FREE magazine full of good ideas to make even more of your money. There are also fantastic offers and competitions only for Winners Club members.

The Winners Club is a great choice for teenagers. And it is so easy to join. Simply fill in an application form. You will have to get permission from your parent or guardian (so we can organize that cool key-card) but it is easy. We can't wait to hear from you. It's the best way to choose to be a winner!

1.The Winners Club is a bank account intended for________.

A.parents

B.teenagers

C.winners

D.alts

2.Which of the following is TRUE about the Winners Club?

A.Special gifts are ready for parents.

B.The bank opens only on work days.

C.Services are convenient for its members.

D.Fees are necessary for the account keeping.

3.The Winners Club provides magazines which________.

A.encourage spending

B.are free to all teenagers

C.are full of adventure stories

D.help to make more of your money

4.If you want to be a member of the Club, you must________.

A.be an Internet user

B.be permitted by your parent

C.have a big sum of money

D.be in your twenties

5.What is the purpose of this text?

A.To set up a club.

B.To provide part-time jobs.

C.To organize key-cards.

D.To introce a new banking service.

>>>>>>答案與解析<<<<<<

第一篇：

1.C細節理解題。根據第二段的“When electricity was discovered in the late 1800s, people living in remote areas began to use them to proce electricity. This allowed them to have electric lights and radio.”可推出，C項符合題意。

2.B細節理解題。根據第二段的“When electricity was discovered in the late 1800s, people living in remote areas began to use them to proce electricity.”可知，B項符合題目要求。

3.A細節理解題。根據第三段的“people started becoming concerned about the pollution that is created when coal and gas are burned to proce electricity”可知，A項符合題意。

4.D推理判斷題。第三段最後已提出現在全球已越來越多地使用風力發電，所以下一段應該要進一步推廣使用風力發電，這是一種總體的能源發展趨勢。故D項正確。

第二篇：

1.B細節理解題。根據文章第一段第一句“The Winners Club is a bank account specially designed for teenagers.”可知，“the Winners Club”是專門為青少年而開設的，所以答案為B項。

2.C細節理解題。第三部分主要介紹這項服務的方便之處，所以對於辦理該業務的.青少年來說是非常便利和快捷的，答案為C項;A項未提到;根據文章前面的介紹可知，銀行應該是全天24小時，每周7天營業，而非只是在工作日，所以B項排除;文章第一部分提到不收取賬戶管理費，所以D項錯誤。

3.D細節理解題。根據特色最後一點“Along with your regular report, you will receive a FREE magazine full of good ideas to make even more of your money.”可知，辦理該業務的青少年除了可以收到定期報告外，還可以免費得到一份雜志，裡面有很多好的建議或辦法可以幫助他們賺取更多的錢，所以答案為D項;A項和C項未提到;B項錯在這份雜志並不是對所有的青少年都是免費的，所以排除。

4.B細節理解題。根據最後一段“You will have to get permission from your parent...”可知，辦理此項銀行業務要得到父母的同意或許可，所以B項正確;該服務介紹第三點中提到辦理業務有多種形式，其中包括使用網路，但不是必須的，所以A項錯誤;由第一點中“You're no millionaire so we don't expect you to pay large fees.”可知，辦理此項銀行業務的不一定都是有錢人，所以C項排除;D項要求辦理業務者年齡在二十幾歲，文中並未提到。

5.D推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章主要是介紹一項新的銀行服務項目，所以答案D項正確。

;