有關運動員的英語閱讀題

㈠ 瘋狂英語閱讀:Sports Life of Adidas

Sports Life of Adidas

Sports Life of Adidas

Over eighty years ago, in 1)Herzegovina, Germany, a young shoemaker made house-slippers from old military canvas bags to help put food on his family』s table. He was also a keen soccer player, and he soon adapted those slippers to his soccer game. The attention he gained for his 2)lightweight, comfortable sport shoes, did nothing but grow from the first day he wore them. His name was Adi Dassler.

By the 1920』s, Adi Dassler was already experimenting with running 3)spikes to improve performance. By the 1930』s he was the leading sports shoe manufacturer in the world, making thirty different shoes for eleven sports. And the tradition of innovation continues to the present day.

Adidas came up with 「Mi Adidas」, a traveling program that lets you be properly fitted in a way that has never been possible before. You have your foot measured and scanned to get a detailed outline of the exact length and width of each foot, to within one tenth of a centimeter. Next, you lightly jog across a pressure pad, which reveals the exact placement of the foot under pressure. That information goes into a computer, to help narrow down the best shoe for you. Now you try on a 「mmy boot」, to make sure that the width, arch fitting, and tightness are exactly to your liking. After you』ve made your decision, you』ll just have to wait three weeks, while they create your dream 4)sneaker.

Most sports shoe proction has shifted to Asia. But Adidas has a specialized proction facility in Germany, that creates new models of 5)prototypes, as well as custom shoes, for some of the most valuable feet in the world – professional athletes. To make a custom shoe, they create an outline of the foot, a 3-D 6)foam 7)imprint, and then take several measurements of the foot. About twelve workers, in Scheinfeld, make four hundred pairs of made-to-measure shoes each month for the world』s best athletes.

Renata Urban (Asst. Manager, Adidas Global Training Center): One of the most famous athletes, especially in Europe, is football player David Beckham. We』ve had a lot of shoes made for him last year ring the World Cup. And, well, his feet are quite close to a standard size, so, the made-to-measure docks for David Beckham is not too much amended. But he has very indivialized shoes, with the name embroidered in the tongue and the player』s number on the heel patch, and some different amendments from time to time.

But it』s not just athletes who need comfortable shoes. Anyone, who』s prepared to pay, can get Adidas made to measure.

Adi Dassler』s shoe made its Olympic appearance in 1928, and ever since then, athletes have wanted more from their footwear, whether they』re wrestlers, or fencers, or sprinters, or long-distance runners, or even 8)bobsledders. What they have on their foot changes how well they can perform.

Tom Kennedy (Global Public Relations Manager, Adidas): The interesting thing maybe about the most recent Olympics in Sydney, was that they made shoes for 26 of 28 Olympic sports. They had shoes in almost every sport imaginable except for sailing and, 9)equestrian. In something like fencing, for example, if you look at them you can see they』re actually two different shoes, because when a fencer stands, they stand with their feet perpendicular to each other, uh, and so they』ve made modifications. This shoe actually is built at an angle because, when they 10)lunge, the foot actually collapses inward, like this, so it helps them push better. This shoe is more 11)cushioned in the heel because when they attack, they land quite hard on their heel, so there』s all kinds of modifications and things built into these shoes that make them quite specialized for their task.

So you can see that if you』re going to go into a store and just ask for what size they have, you』re probably not going to be able to take advantage of all the technology available. It』s best to go to someone who really knows what』s in the shoe and what』s best for you. Sometimes it』s more important to have a good athletic shoe than it is a street shoe, because it has to put up with a lot more.

But it needn』t be out of your financial reach. While custom-made shoes for Olympic athletes can range up to $800, the 「Mi Adidas」 program offers many of the same custom features for an average retail price.

注釋：
1) Herzegovina [7hZEtsE^Eu5vi:nE] n. 黑塞哥維那（原為土耳其在歐洲南部的一省，1878～1914為奧匈帝國的一部分，現為南斯拉夫的波斯尼亞-黑塞哥維那共和國的一部分）
2) lightweight [5laitweit] a. 輕量的，輕質的
3) spike [spaik] n. 釘鞋
4) sneaker [5sni:kE] n. 運動鞋
5) prototype [5prEutEtaip] n. 原型
6) foam [fEum] n. 泡沫
7) imprint [im5print] n. 壓痕；印記
8) bobsledder [5bCbsledE] n. 滑大雪橇比賽的人
9) equestrian [i5kwestriEn] n. 馬術
10) lunge [lQndV] v. 刺，刺進
11) cushion [5kuFEn] v. 加襯墊

阿迪達斯：青春無極限

八十多年前，德國的黑塞哥維那有一位年輕的鞋匠，他經常拿舊軍用帆布袋縫制家用拖鞋以養家糊口。他還特喜歡踢足球，不久，他就改裝了那些拖鞋，使它們在足球場上派上了用場。從穿上自製球鞋的第一天起，他製作的既輕便又舒適的球鞋就越來越多地受到人們的關注。這個人便是阿迪·達斯拉。
早在二十世紀二十年代，阿迪·達斯拉就已經在試驗釘鞋以提高奔跑速度。到了三十年代，他成了世界的運動鞋製造商，製作的鞋多達三十種，適用於十一項運動，其追求創新的風格一直延續到今日。
阿迪達斯推出了「我的阿迪達斯」巡迴銷售活動，破天荒地為個人量身訂做運動鞋。首先，工作人員會對你的腳進行測量和掃描，以取得每隻腳長、寬的數值，這些數值准確至0.1厘米。然後，他們會讓你輕跑著踏過一塊壓力板，以便對受壓狀態下的腳掌受壓狀況進行准確定位。所有測量信息一並匯入電腦，以求找出樣式。現在就試試「樣鞋」吧，看看寬度、弓度、緊度合不合心意。一旦敲定，只需等待三個星期，你的夢幻運動鞋就能出爐了！
阿迪達斯的大多數鞋廠都已遷至亞洲，但在德國還保留著一家專業生產機構，專為世界職業運動員的那些極其名貴的腳研製最新款式及訂做運動鞋。在製造訂做鞋之前，他們先用泡沫塑料為腳的輪廓打造一個三維模型，隨後再丈量腳的每一部分的尺寸。在沙因菲爾德，大約十二名工人在一個月里能為世界運動員製做四百雙這樣的鞋。

雷娜塔·厄本（阿迪達斯全球訓練中心助理經理）：其中一位在歐洲尤為受歡迎的知名運動員，就是足球明星大衛·貝克漢姆。去年「世界盃」期間我們就為他做了許多雙鞋。不過他的腳極為接近標准尺碼，所以為大衛·貝克漢姆做鞋，車床無需做太大改變。不過他對鞋的要求倒是極為個性化：鞋舌上要綉上他的名字，鞋後跟要印上球員號碼，而且這些要求時不時還會變動。
然而並不是只有運動員才需要舒適的鞋子，任何人，只要願意掏腰包，都可以買到量身訂做的阿迪達斯。
阿迪·達斯拉的鞋首次亮相於奧運會是在1928年，從那時起，運動員對鞋的要求越來越高。無論是摔跤、擊劍，還是短跑、長跑，乃至滑大雪橇比賽，運動員穿的鞋直接影響他們的表現。

湯姆·肯尼迪（阿迪達斯全球公關經理）：有趣的是，在上屆的悉尼奧運會上，他們總共為28個奧運比賽項目中的26個項目的參賽運動員製作了運動鞋，除帆船比賽和馬術比賽，幾乎包含了所有運動項目。以擊劍為例，仔細觀察不難發現，擊劍選手的兩只鞋子各不相同，因為當擊劍手直立時，他的雙腳要成直角，所以工人們相應地對鞋作了改良。這邊的鞋有一個彎度，因為當擊劍手向前刺時，這只腳會像這樣往內傾，這樣設計的鞋便能幫助他們向前推進；而這只鞋的跟墊加厚了，因為他們進攻時，腳跟著地用力較大。所以，對這些鞋做出這樣那樣的改動，都是為了讓它們更適合該項運動。
因此，如果你走進一家鞋店，只是詢問他們有什麼樣的鞋碼，你是難以體驗當今所有的科技進步給運動鞋帶來的優勢，只有到真正知道鞋裡有什麼、什麼最適合你的人那裡才是明智之選。有時候買雙好的運動鞋比買雙逛街穿的鞋更重要，因為它要承受的壓力實在太多。
但也不一定非要讓你出大價錢，才能擁有這樣的鞋。雖說為奧運健兒訂做的鞋，售價可達800美元，但「我的阿迪達斯」銷售活動為消費者提供的運動鞋，其價位只是普通的零售價，但卻具有訂做鞋的特色。

㈡ 英語閱讀高三

回答和翻譯如下：

60.A

61.A

62.D

科學工作者A:

年輕的運動員，被面試，似乎是對抗壓力的訓練方面的練習，並且，在比賽當中的環境表現能力。在這里，他們發現，幫助他們的家庭的環境變好，並且，父母們所感興趣的事情，有一些，是他們的經驗持續感到緊張，或者，關於，擔心訓練方面的事宜，或者，競爭方面的事宜。此外，自我報告，對於，身體方面的疾病，是更加降低了處在那些運動員之中的總人口，哪些，必須，把和諧的有效的聯系在一起的呢？它不可能是說，是否年輕的運動員，進入，並且，堅持運動，因為，他們是積極的正能量的家庭，並且，心理特徵，或者，是否推翻了事情，參與到運動當中去，在心情上，是一個積極地，正能量的影響，並且，對家庭而言，亦是這樣的。

科學工作者B:

在沒有一個對於年輕的運動員的人口，表現出強烈的情感，或者，行為問題，並且，一群人，都控制著年輕人，是我們調查，所知道的結果。超過三分之二的描述這些運動員的日常健康中表示，他們的健康在平均健康之上，有一些實際上的經驗，對於身體不好的運動員。緊張的程度，然而，在年輕的運動員中間，是更高的，但是，他們都是能夠很好的被訓練的人群，也能夠控制整個訓練的場面的人。在醫療系統的使用方面，並且，在症狀報告當中，建議，一些身體疾病的程度方面，要說的是，但是，不能夠肯定的是，程度是，明顯地影響了普通人的健康水準。一個人看，可能認為，年輕的遠動員，在疾病中的恢復，並且，影響了，在不久以後，那些人，是非參與者；它是的，然而，不能夠知道的是，是否，這是因為，加強運動的活動，事實上，提供了一種一定程度的，對於，從疾病當中的自我保護作用。

科學工作者C:

我的發現表明，對於，年輕的運動員來說，加強訓練，有一定的意義影響，並且，他和她的家庭，是在閑暇時間，並且，很好的聯絡的友誼。那些年輕人，奉獻了一種相當大的，在自由時間的訓練機制，單身，沒有一定的程度，它影響了他們的能力，並且，維持了相互的關系。訓練，是一種積極的方面，對於，他們的生活來說，而不是，增加了他們的壓力程度。不幸的是，因為，接近於體育節目的控製成本問題，它最後呈現的是，積極地贏得比賽，而不是平等的打開所有的事項，並且，家庭的狀態。然而，年輕的運動員們認為，他們的家庭將會支持，並且，願意擁抱，從而，來改變年輕人的狀態，在不參加體育比賽方面。

科學運動員D：

當我們擁有一些簡單的體育小組的時候，我們發現，三分之二的他們，所描述的他們的健康，是明顯高於平均水平的。大多數所感興趣的人認為，許多的年輕運動員的報告，是訓練時緊張，或者，擔心的最小化。那些，這反應著的經驗，只是輕微的症狀，通常的特徵是的，感覺坐立不安。另外的來說，親密的家庭的環境，造成了一種主要的環境下的角色，這阻擋了精神疾病的發生。有趣的是，運動員認為，他們的家庭是更加的親密的，並且，更多的是適應他們的家庭，相比之下，一群年輕人而言。然而，一些涉及，使得感覺上面，是關於運動員的弟弟和姐姐們，誰偶爾地感覺被他們的父母們忽視了。

㈢ 英語二2017年真題-閱讀1-parkrun

Text 1

Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeley』s world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.

每周六早上9點，5萬多名跑步者開始繞當地公園跑茄漏5公里。 Parkrun現象最初是由十幾位朋友發起的，現在已經激發了英國和其他國家的400個活動。 活動是免費的，有成千上萬的志願者。 跑步者從4歲到祖父母都有; 他們的用時從安德顫首爛魯·巴德利創下的13分48秒到一小時不等。 每周六早上9點，5萬多名跑步者開始繞當地公園跑5公里。 Parkrun現象最初是由十幾位朋友發起的，現在已經激發了英國和其他國家的400個活動。 活動是免費的，有成千上萬的志願者。 跑步者從4歲到祖父母都有; 他們的用時從安德魯·巴德利創下的13分48秒到一小時不等。  

21. According to Paragraph1, Parkrun has    .

[A] gained great popularity獲得大受歡迎

[B] created many jobs 創造了芹擾許多就業機會

[C] strengthened community ties 加強社區關系

[D] become an official festival 成為官方節日

【答案】[A] gained great popularity 其他都無中生有

Parkrun is succeeding where London』s Olympic 「legacy」 is failing.

Parkrun在倫敦奧運「遺產」失敗的地方取得了成功。  

Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. 十年前的星期一，有消息宣布，第30屆奧林匹克運動會將在倫敦舉行。  

Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. 規劃文件承諾，奧運會的偉大遺產將是讓整個國家的體育愛好者遠離沙發。  

The population would be fitter, healthier and proce more winners. It has not happened. The number of alts doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run—up to 2012— but the general population was growing faster. 人們會更健康，更健康，產生更多的贏家。 但這並沒有發生。 每周進行體育鍛煉的成年人數量確實增加了，在2012年之前增加了近200萬，但總體人口增長速度更快。 --------說明實際運動的人比例減少

❤Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. 更糟糕的是，這一數字現在正在加速下降。

The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. 反對派聲稱每周至少運動兩個小時的小學生幾乎減少了一半。

Obesity has risen among alts and children. Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to 「inspire a generation.」 The success of Parkrun offers answers.

肥胖在成年人和兒童中有所上升。 官方仍在反思2012年倫敦奧運會為何未能「激勵一代人」。 Parkrun的成功提供了答案。  

22. The author believes that London』s Olympic「legacy」 has failed to  

定位第一句但有沒有說，往下看234，BUT  .

[A] boost population growth 促進人口增長  干擾項：原文但總體人口增長速度更快

[B] promote sport participation 促進體育運動的參與

[C] improve the city』s image 促進改善城市形象  無中生有

[D] increase sport hours in schools 增加學校的體育活動時間  

【答案】[B] promote sport participation

Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. The ethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to proce more elite athletes. The al aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.

Parkun不是一場比賽，而是一場計時賽:你唯一的競爭對手是時鍾。 這種精神歡迎任何人。 一個躊躇滿志的新手在終點線被鼓掌的喜悅之情，與頂級天才閃耀的喜悅之情一樣多。 相比之下，奧運會競標者希望讓更多的人從事體育運動，培養更多的精英運動員。 雙重目標混淆了:成功和參與的壓力讓新人望而卻步。  

23. Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it     .

[A] aims at discovering talents 旨在發現人才

[B] focuses on mass competition 關注大眾競爭

[C] does not emphasize elitism 不強調精英主義

[D] does not attract first-timers 不能吸引初來乍到的人

【答案】[C] does not emphasize elitism

Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally 「grassroots」, concept as community sports associations. If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods—making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in ecation. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.

事實上，國家參與到社區體育協會這樣一個基本的「草根」概念的規劃中，有些荒謬。如果政府要發揮作用的話，它應該真正參與到提供公共物品的工作中來——確保有操場的空間，有資金來鋪設網球場和網球場，並鼓勵在學校提供所有這些活動。但歷屆政府都負責出售綠地，從地方政府那裡榨取資金，並減少對體育教育的關注。未來的政府需要做得更多，為體育繁榮提供條件，而不是冗長而有價值的戰略。或者至少不會讓他們變得更糟。

24. With regard to mass sport, the author holds that governments should   

對於群眾體育，作者認為政府應該。  .

[A] organize 「grassroots」 sports events 組織「草根」體育活動

[B] supervise local sports associations監督本地體育協會

[C] increase funds for sports clubs 增加體育俱樂部的資金

[D] invest in public sports facilities 投資公共體育設施

【答案】[D] invest in public sports facilities

25. The author』s attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is    .

[A] tolerant

[B] critical

[C] uncertain

[D] sympathetic

【答案】[B] critical

㈣ 求解這道英語閱讀題第8題，謝謝

選B，激發運動員。
1. A說更耐用，在段落里沒有提，所以不選。
2. B裡面的motivate等於第二段第一行的boost(激發/促發)，屬於同義詞替換題，也就是激發運動員戰勝對手，所以選B。
3. C說可以調整電流不準確，原文是博士發明的帶智能電流的短褲，一般的運動短褲並沒有，所以不存在調整問題。
4. figures表示數字或身段/身材，該短褲的作用是幫助運動員戰勝對手，不是練好身段，所以不選。

㈤ 2020年高考英語全國卷1 - 閱讀理解C

Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.
研究表明，競走和跑步一樣，有許多健身益處，但造成的傷害可能最小。不過，它也有自己的問題。

Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport』s rules require that a race walker』s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact with the ground at all times. It』s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
成為競走運動員是有條件的。夏季奧運會最長的田徑項目是50公里競走，比馬拉松長約5英里。這項運動的規則要求競走者在擺動腿的大部分時間里膝蓋保持筆直，一隻腳與地面始終保持接觸。然而，馬薩諸塞州塞勒姆州立大學運動科學助理教授傑克琳•諾伯格說，正是奇怪形式使競走成為非常吸引人的活動。

Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says, According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.
她說，和跑步一樣，競走對身體的要求也很高，根據大多數計算結果，每小時6英里的速度行走的競走者每小時大約消耗800卡路里，大約是他們步行消耗熱量的兩倍，盡管比跑步少，跑步每小時可能消耗1000以上卡路里。

However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.
然而，諾伯格博士說，競走對身體的沖擊不如跑步。根據她的研究，跑步者撞擊地面的重量是他們體重的四倍，而不離開地面的競走者每踏一步的重量只有體重的1.4倍。

As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner』s knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sport』s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.
因此，她說，一些與跑步有關的損傷，比如跑步者的膝蓋，在競走者中並不常見。但這項運動的奇怪形式確實給腳踝和臀部帶來了相當大的壓力，因此有過這類損傷史的人在採用這項運動時可能需要謹慎。她說，事實上，任何想嘗試競走的人都應該先咨詢教練或有經驗的競走者，學習正確的技術。這需要一些練習。

㈥ 職稱英語綜合A閱讀判斷模擬題

為了大家更好地備考2017年職稱英語考試，yjbys網為大家提供了2017年職稱英語綜合A的試題相應練習。以下是閱讀判斷專項模擬題，大家可以多加練習。

American Sports

The United States is a sports-loving nation. Sports in America take a variety of forms:organized competitive struggles, which draw huge crowds to cheer their favorite team to victory;athletic games, played for recreation anywhere sufficient space is found; and hunting and fishing.

Most sports are seasonal, so that what is happening in sports depends upon the time of year. Some sports are called spectator sports, as the number of spectators greatly exceeds the number playing in the game.

Baseball is the most popular sport in the US. It is played throughout the spring and summer,and professional baseball teams play well into the fall. Although no other game is exactly like baseball, perhaps the one most nearly like it is the English game of cricket.

Football is the most popular sport in the fall. The game originated as a college sport more than 75 years ago. It is still played by almost every college and university in the country, and the football stadiums of some of the largest universities seat as many as 80,000 people. The game is not the same as European football or soccer. In American football there are 11 players on each team,and they are dressed in padded uniforms and helmets because the game is rough and injuries are likely to occur.

Basketball is the winter sport in American schools and colleges. Like football, basketball originated in the US and is not popular in other countries. Many Americans prefer it to football because it is played indoors throughout the winter and because it is a faster game. It is a very popular game with high schools, and in more than 20 states, state-wide high school matches are held yearly.

Other spectator sports include wrestling, boxing, and horse racing. Although horse-racing fans call themselves sportsmen, the accuracy of the term is questionable, as only the jockeys who ride the horses in the races can be considered athletes. The so-called sportsmen are the spectators, who do "not assemble" primarily to see the horses race, but to bet upon the outcome of each race.

Gambling is the attraction of horse racing.

1.Hunting and fishing are mainly favored by men, young and old, in the US.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

2.Professional baseball teams can continue to play for a long period of time in the fall after the regular baseball seasons of spring and summer.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

3.Baseball shares many features with the English game of cricket.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

4.Football can be classified as a spectator sport.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

5.Many Americans like basketball better than football because the latter is so harsh that players have to wear special uniforms.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

6.Basketball in American is so popular with universities that nationwide university matches are held yearly.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

7.Horse-racing fans cannot be considered sportsmen because they are spectators whose primary interest is gambling.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

答案解析：

1.C。題干：打獵和釣魚主要受到美國男人、年輕人和老人的喜愛。題干中的核心結構huntingand fishing和並列結構men，young and old可作為答案線索，可發現答案相關句為首段第二句，但並沒有提到men，young and old，所以選擇C。

2.A。題干：職業棒球隊在春天和夏天的賽季之後還可以繼續在秋天打很長時間的球。題干中的關鍵詞Professional baseball teams和the regular baseball seasons of spring and summer可作為答案線索，發現答案相關句為第二段首句。該句句意與問題句一致，該題主要是考查well into the fall(一直到秋季末)結構的含義。

3.A。題干：棒球和英國的板球有很多共同之處。利用題干中的線索詞baseball和cricket尋找答案相關句：可以發現第二段第二句為相關句。該句的句意為“與棒球運動最接近的就是英國的板球”，與題乾的.句意一致，選擇A。

4.A。題干：足球是一種觀賞類體育項目。利用題干中的關鍵詞football和spectator sport找到答案相關句：第一段最後一句。該題考查考生的推斷能力：既然最大的足球體育館能容納80 000名觀眾，那麼根據spectator sports(觀賞性運動)的定義，足球應該是spectator sports。

5.B。題干：與橄欖球相比，許多美國人更喜歡籃球，因為橄欖球比較激烈而且還要穿特殊的服裝。將題干中的關鍵詞basketball和football作為答案線索找到答案相關句：在第四段，可知美國人喜歡籃球是因為在冬天也可以玩，而且是速度類項目。題干句的說法與該相關句的說法不一致，故選B。

6.A。題干：美國的籃球在大學很流行，全國的大學每年都舉辦比賽。利用題干中的關鍵詞Basketball進行定位，發現相關內容在第四段最後一句，故答案為A。

7.A。題干：賽馬迷們不被認為是運動員，因為他們是觀眾，而且首要興趣是賭博。將題干中的horse.racing fans作為答案線索找到相關句：題干在文章末段。根據相關句群的句意(賽馬比賽的吸引人之處是賭博，賽馬迷只是對賭博感興趣)，可知題乾的說法與這些相關句的說法一致，故選A。

㈦ 08年考研英語閱讀理解第三篇翻譯

08年考研英語閱讀理解第三篇翻譯：
在20世紀60年代早期，Wilt Chamberlain是美國國家籃球協會中僅有的身高超過7英尺的三個人之一。可是如果他參加了上個賽季的話，他就變成了42分之一了。這些年來在較大的職業體育運動中的運動員的身體狀況發生了很大的改變，而他們的經理人也更願意調整隊員的運動服來適應隊員們更大，更高的身材。
雖然體育界的這種趨勢可能蒙蔽了一個沒有被承認的現實：美國人基本上停止生長了。雖然現在人們比140年前高了2英寸，特別是那些出生在已移民美國很多代的那些人，但是明顯的，在二十世紀60年代早期，已經到達了他們的身高的極限。他們已經不可能再長得更高了。「在這個基因和環境的條件下，現在整體的人們已經長到我們能夠達到的范圍了，」Wright州大學的人類學家William Cameron Chumlea說道。拿NBA球員來說，他們身高的增加主要由於從世界各地招募到了球員。
身高的增長一般在20歲以後就停止了，而發育是需要能量和營養的，其中的蛋白質用來供給組織的生長。在20世紀初，營養不良和兒童疾病妨礙了整體的發育。但是當飲食和健康的促進，兒童和青少年平均每20年都增長了大概1.5英寸，這就是長高的趨勢。根據疾病防治中心，從1960年開始，人們的平均身高，男性5英尺9英寸，女性5英尺4英寸，就沒有怎麼改變了。
總的說來，避免太高的身高是有很多優點的。在生產時，較大的嬰兒通過產道是有更多的問題的。而且，就算人類已經直立行走已經幾百萬年了，我們的腳和背部繼續對抗著巨大的壓力，這些壓力來源於雙足直立的姿勢和巨大的肢體。「有一些限制是個體器官的基因結構導致的。」西北大學的人類學家William Leonard說道。
基因的最大化可以改變，但是不要期待它會馬上就能發生。Mass州的Natick的軍隊研究中心的高級人類學家Claire C. Gordon確信百分之九十的入伍新兵不需要更換新的制服和工作站。她說，不像那些籃球制服，軍隊的制服長度很長時間都沒有改變了。如果你需要在不遠的將來預測人類的身高而去設計一款新的設備，Gordon說基本上，「你都能夠使用現在的數據並且覺得非常地自信。」
Text 3
In the early 1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of only three players in the National Basketball Association (NBA) listed at over seven feet. If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42. The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years, and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames.
The trend in sports, though, may be obscuring an unrecognized reality: Americans have generally stopped growing. Though typically about two inches taller now than 140 years ago, today』s people – especially those born to families who have lived in the U.S. for many generations – apparently reached their limit in the early 1960s. And they aren』t likely to get any taller. 「In the general population today, at this genetic, environmental level, we』ve pretty much gone as far as we can go,」 says anthropologist William Cameron Chumlea of Wright State University. In the case of NBA players, their increase in height appears to result from the increasingly common practice of recruiting players from all over the world.
Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients – notably, protein – to feed expanding tissues. At the start of the 20th century, under-nutrition and childhood infections got in the way. But as diet and health improved, children and adolescents have, on average, increased in height by about an inch and a half every 20 years, a pattern known as the secular trend in height. Yet according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, average height – 5′9″ for men, 5′4″ for women – hasn』t really changed since 1960.
Genetically speaking, there are advantages to avoiding substantial height. During childbirth, larger babies have more difficulty passing through the birth canal. Moreover, even though humans have been upright for millions of years, our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs. 「There are some real constraints that are set by the genetic architecture of the indivial organism,」 says anthropologist William Leonard of Northwestern University.
Genetic maximums can change, but don』t expect this to happen soon. Claire C. Gordon, senior anthropologist at the Army Research Center in Natick, Mass., ensures that 90 percent of the uniforms and workstations fit recruits without alteration. She says that, unlike those for basketball, the length of military uniforms has not changed for some time. And if you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment, Gordon says that by and large, 「you could use today』s data and feel fairly confident.」

㈧ 英語閱讀理解

詹姆斯.克里夫蘭.歐文斯是一個農民的兒子、黑人奴隸的孫子。他9歲的時候，他的家遷居到了克利夫蘭 。在那裡，一個學校老師問這個男孩叫什麼名字。

" J.C， "他回答說。

她原以為他說的是 "傑西" ，因此他有了一個新的名字。

歐文斯參加的第一場比賽是在13歲。高中畢業後，他又到美國俄亥俄州州立大學。他不得不做兼職工作來支持他上學。作為一個二年級的學生，在1935年的「十強」運動會上， 他創造了比他一年後在奧運會上還要快的紀錄。

在那個「十強賽」的一星期前，歐文斯不小心從樓梯上掉下來。他的背後的傷使他一個星期不能進行鍛煉，為了參賽他甚至不得不需要有人幫助他上下汽車。他沒有聽取很多人讓他放棄比賽的建議，並表示他將盡全力一項一項地參賽。他做到了，他創造了一項又一項的紀錄。

第二年的柏林奧林匹克運動會是歐文斯的舞台。他的成功不僅被認為是競技的勝利，也是政治上的勝利。希特勒沒有向任何一位非裔美國獲獎運動員表示祝賀。

"這對我無所謂 ，" 事後幾年，他這樣說， "我去柏林並不是為了和他握手" 。

從柏林返回，他也沒有收到自己國家總統的電話。其實上，直到他去世的在四年前，也就是1976年，才得到美國給予的榮譽。

歐文斯在奧運會的勝利並沒有給他帶來任何變化。他靠看護運動場為生，並與汽車、卡車、摩托車和狗賽跑掙錢。

"是的，這讓我煩惱，"他後來說。 "，但至少我過著誠實的生活。我要吃飯" 。

終於，他的金牌後來改變了他的人生。 "是這些金牌讓我活了下來， "他曾經這樣說過。 "時間在我面前停滯不前。奪取金牌的時刻永遠閃亮" 。

㈨ 糟糕的足球運動員英語閱讀理解

一、制ADCDCBCADCBADCB
二。 1. Yes. /Yes, it is. 2. She is quite tall, withshort fair hair and she wears glasses. 3. Playing classical music, dancing anddoing sports. 4. Because he is in theschool tennis team and he is good at everything. 5. She feels excited.
三、1. E 2. C 3. D 4. B
四、 1. I didn』t hear from 2. I am proudof 3. I』m always afraid of 4. Ispend lots of time playing 5. I willfeel nervous