七年級英語閱讀完形首字母填空題
㈠ 初一英語朗文閱讀首字母填空。
Coca-Cola is very popular now.It is enjoyed all over the world.1.6 billion gallons are sold every year,in over one hundred and sixty countries .The drink was invented by Dr.John Pemberton in Atlanta,on 8 May,1886,but it was given the name Coca-Cola by his partner,Frank Robinson.In the first year,only nine drinks a day were sold.The business was bought by a man called Asa Candler in 1888,and the first factory was opened in Dallas,Texas,in 1895.Coca-Coca is still made there.Billions of bottles and cans have been proced since 1895.It』 certain that Coca-Coca will be drunk far into the twenty-second century.
enjoyed
sold
countries
drink
given
were
called
opened
still
since
㈡ 初一下冊英語首字母填空,急求~~~~
1.In the morning the weather is warm just like in spring.After an hour black c( ) come and then it rains.
When you go to England,you will see that some English people usually take an umbrella or a raincoat on s( ) mornings,but you should not laugh at them,If you don't take an umbrella or a raincoat ,you will regret l( ) in the day.
Cloudy shining late
2.Then come and work for us as a r________.
I am Bill. I amE_________ I come to C_____ with my parents. They work in a university (大學)and I study in a m______ school. We stay in a house near the university but it is far from(遠離)my school. I get up at six in the m_____+___ and then have some b______ and m______ for breakfast. I go to school by bike. The first lesson b_______ at eight, so I must get there at seven forty-five. In China, l______ of people go to work by bike and you can see bikes h____and t_____. China is a 「Country of Bike.」
3.Let me tell you something a________ my little doy snoopy. Snoopy is an A_________ d________. He looks very lovely. He has t______ small eyes. Two big ears. F______ short legs and a s_______ tail. Now he can p_________ many games. If I say」 Go to s______>」 he g______ to his bed and lies down. If I say 「P_____ basketball!」 He goes to catch a ball and put it into a basket. If I say:」 Please d________ for us !」 the he dance to the music.
4.one day Mr Black was going to change a().He was standing on a () .He wife ()him to be careful .He said,"Don't worry.Lt's quite safe."() his wife said it was dangerous."Look out!"she cried.Just (),the light burst and he ()off
light 或:light-bulb chair told But then fell
5.Tom is seven years old.He is a very c( ) and naughty boy.He likes playing football very much.Sometimes he plays it in the house.
Look!He is playing football in the street now.He kicks it too h( ).The football breakes the window of a house and f( ) in the room.
When he sees woman,he says,"my father is going ti come and f( )your window soon"
1. cute,clever 很聰明 2. hard 用力地踢 3. falls 落入室內 4. fix 安裝,修理
6.Do you have a pet?Are you i_______ intaking care of animals ?Girls and boys who like animals may want to study to be anmials doctors.They are often call"vets」.Many of them work in animal hospitals. Other may work on farms or at a z_______.Some study animal diseases and try to find ways to keep the the animals from getting i_______.They do studies in medicine.
答案1、interested
2、zoo
3、ill
4、for
7. when she gets a good-looking Maths teacher,she begins to w___ harder on her Maths . Her diary s_____ that she loves him. But when her mother reads, they have a f_____. Then they don't talk to each other for a long time,
答案But
work
says
fight
8.I am a student,living in Harbin,a n___ city in Cina. I ofen t___ myself English by attending the online classes.In my free time, I like t___ with my frinds online.Sometimes I also search the Internet for some useful i___.It is much cheaper and quicker.It s___ me much money and time.I can see the latest news w___ going outside to buy newspapers.It t___ me a short time to read today's news online. When I learn something about a city that I like to t___ to, I only need to click.If I want to know how to c___ meals or f___ dogs, there are a few articles about them online. The Internet helps me a lot.
northern teach talking information saves without takes travel cook feed
9.anksgiving Day is a (25)h_____ in the U.S.A.It is celebrated every year on the (26)f_____ Thursday of November.Usually,family members and friends get (27)t_____ for a turkey dinner.People (28)s____ driver their cars to distant places for a family reunion.Many people also take Friday (29)o_____ and make it a long weekend wacation,(30)b_____ most Americans do not work Saturday or Sunday
25)holiday(26)fourth(27)together(28)sometimes(29)out(30)but
10. just beginning to eat when the telephone r_____.I put down ny knife and fork and went over to a____ it.By the time l got back to the table, my tea had got cold.lfinshed my supper and began drinking my cold tea.Suddenly there was a l____knock on the door.l gave me such a surprise that l dropped the cup on the f____.But when l opened the door,l couldn't find a______outside
rang answer little floor anyone
11.you have a pet?Are you i_______ intaking care of animals ?Girls and boys who like animals may want to study to be anmials doctors.They are often call"vets」.Many of them work in animal hospitals. Other may work on farms or at a z_______.Some study animal diseases and try to find ways to keep the theanimals from getting i_______.They do studies in medicine f_______ animals,
1.terested
2、zoo
3、ill
4、for
12.nie Mouse is the perfect girl-next-dool. She stands for the ideal females with her k_______ and caring style. She moves ,s_______ and acts with g______manners.
kind,speaks ,good
13.ery )few minutes the Englishman would come out of his room and repeat his request.After a half-hour the s(ilent ) servant decided to ask the Englishman w(hether) he was doing with the water."N(o ),"the Englishman answered imperturbably,"It's simple that my room is on fire."
14.y people like to w(atch) TV.Watching TV is one of the most important a(ll) of the day.TV brings the o( ) world to people's home.Some people say the world is s( ) than before because of TV
watch ctivities utside maller
15.ice is sinking.In 2040 Venice will be u(nder ) water.
The Adriatic Sea will c(over ) the city.The Venetians love their city and they want to s(tay) there.So they want to s(eparate ) Venice from the sea.How?they can b(uild ) some strong huge walls and gates in the sea.The gate will close to keep too much water overflow .In this way,Venice won't s(ink)
16.ny people like to r(ead) the Guinness Book of World Records.and some people want to be in it! h(ow) do people get their names in the bool?They do something new and different.such as making the world's l( ) cake with more than 54000 eggs.For m(ore) people .it is interesting and exciting to make world records.But who eats the cake?While some people are making world records,o(thers) don't have much food to e(at) .Hunger is a serious p( ) in the United states around the world.
largest
problem
17.n I was lost in London , it had one of the thickest fogs in years . You could h_____ see your hand in front of your face . Cars and buses ran very slowly with their lights in , and their horns made big n_____ .When evening fell , it got even w____ . All traffic came to a s_____ . Since I had an important meeting on the other side of the city , I wanted to walk .
Minutes later I was lost . Then I heard a young w_____ voice coming out of the fog . "I think you are lost.Can I help you?"I could not see her , but I was very glad to find another person out in the fog . I told her w_____ I wanted to go and she said she knew very well how to get there .
As I f_____ her through the dark streets , I wondered how she found her way so e_____ . "I know this part of London quite well ,"she answered.
"But in s____ a fog it's difficult to see anything ."I said .
"With the fog or without the fog , it m_____ no difference to me . Yous see , I am blind ."She answered .
hardly noise worse stop woman's where followed easily such makes
18.ritain,cars,buses and bikes must keep to the l(eft) side of the street.If a person wants to c(ross) a street,he must stop and either look at t(raffic) lights or look at both ways of the street.And i( ) of looking left first,as we do in China ,they look right first.
To go round in London,visitors must l( ) to use buses and underground trains.
instead learn
19.n the bee flies out to look for flowers,it m( ) go to places very far,but if n( ) loses its way.When the rain comes down,the bee will hide in some little hole in a wall or among the l( ) of a tree,When the sun comes out again,it will f( ) home.
may never leaves fly
t's Jim's bedroom.It's b(ig) and clean.We can see a picture on the wall.We can see a k( ) on the o( ) wall.Jim's bed is b( ) the wall.
1,kite 2,other 3,behind
20.y has been living in Xi'an with her parents s_____ two years ago. Her father is an Englishman. Her mother c_____ from America. Her fanther works in a school a_____ a teacher, so does her mother. She knows Chinese history a l_____. Two t_____ years ago someJapanese came to China learn Chinese c_____. They were welcomed by the Tang Emperor in China'an.She likes Xi'an very much b_____ it's an old city with a very colorful h_____. She said she w_____ be here for the Olympic Game i_____ 2008.
Mary has been living in Xi'an with her parents since two years ago. Her father is an Englishman. Her mother comes from America. Her fanther works in a school as a teacher, so does her mother. She knows Chinese history a lot. Two thousand years ago someJapanese came to China learn Chinese culture. They were welcomed by the Tang Emperor in China'an.She likes Xi'an very much because it's an old city with a very colorful history. She said she would be here for the Olympic Game in 2008.
21.n likes to k_____ his hair very long. Some of his friends thought that it looked like a girl』s hair, but they never made jokes about it because John was a big, strong young man , and he did not think about his hair f______ .
John always went to the barber』s twice a month to have his hair cut and washed , and one day the barber said to him , 「Now why don』t you let me cut most of this hair o______ and make your head t______ ? Nobody would recognize you if I did that , I』m sure.」
John said n______ for a second , and then he said , 「Perhaps you are right , but I』m sure that nobody would recognize you if you did that to my hair.
keep
funny
off
tidy
nothing
22.en you go somewhere by bus in HongKomg,you have to be careful,too. Always (remember) the trafic keeps to the left.Have a look(firstly) ,or you may go the (wrong) way.In HongKong,there are a lot of big buses (with) two floors,you'd better sit on the second floor,From there youcan watch the cityvery well.
23. was ten years old,and he was a lazy boy,he didn't like doing a(1) work ,He had to go to school,of course,but he didn't study hard there and tried to do as little work as possible.His father and mother were b(2) doctors and they hoped that their son would become o(3)too,when he grew up,But one day,Tom said to his mother,"When I f(4) school,I want to b(e) a stman.""Astman?" his mother asked,she was very surprised."That's not a very pleasant job,why do you want to become a stman?" "because I I would o(8) have to work one day a week." Tom answered at once."Only one day a week?" His mother said,"What do you m(9) ?and how do you know ?""well",tom replayied ,"I know that the stmen who come to our house on Thursday ,beacuse I only see t(10) on that day"
1 any 2 both 3 one 4 finish 5 become/be 8 only 9 mean 10 them
24.ly was four years old and he was a bery bad boy.Every day after lunch his mother took him to his bedroom and put him on his bed to rest for an hour,but Billy n____slept and usually he made a lot of n_____and got off his bed every f____minutes.
One afternoon,Bliiy's mother put him on his bed and then went to her bedroom to do some sewing.After ten minutes,she heard a noise so she went to Billy's room,he wasn't there,but his trousers were lying on his bed.
She looked in the other rooms u_____,but he was not there e_____,so she went to the t_____of the stairs and shouted down a_____."Are you running about down there w____your trousere?"
"No,madam,"answere a man's v_____."I have brought your vegetables and I am w____my trousers."
never noise few upstairs either top aloud without voice with
㈢ 英語閱讀理解與完形填空(7年級)新題型
(一)
A mother and her young son get into a bus in a small city and sit down. The bus conctor comes to them for their money. The mother says: 「I want one ticket(票)to the zoo 」 and gives him one yuan. The conctor looks at the small boy for a few seconds and then says to him, 「How old are you ,young man?」 The mother begins to speak, but the conctor stops her, The boy says: 「I』m four at home, and two in the buses.」 At last the mother has to take fifty fen out of her pocket and gives it to the conctor.
1.Why does the conctor look at the small boy for a few seconds?
A.She likes him
B.She thinks the boy need to buy a half-price ticket
C.She knows the small boy.
D.She saw the boy somewhere
2.Why does the conctor stop the mother and let the boy say?
A.The boy』s words are interesting
B.The mother is a bad mother
C.The small boy can tell the truth
D.She loves the small boy
3.At last the mother
A.buys another ticket
B.buys a half-price ticket for the boy
C.says sorry to the conctor
D.gives one yuan to the conctor
4.What does the word 「conctor」mean?
A.司機B.售票員C.乘客D.警察
5.From the story we can see
A.every boy must buy a ticket in the bus
B.when a child is four, he must buy a ticket
C.sometimes a child is more honest(誠實)than his parents
D.woman are not good mothers
(二)
Come and see the India elephants and the new tigers from Amercia. The bears are waiting to meet you, and the monkeys from China are waiting to throw(扔) things to you. The lovely dogs from Australia are waiting to laugh at you. The giraffes from Brazil are waiting to look down on you.
Tickets Open time
Grown-up:(成人)$2.00 9:00a.m—4:00p.m
Children :over 12 $1.00 Except(除)Friday
Under12 Free(免票) 10:00a.m—3:00p.m
Keep the zoo clean!
Don』t touch , give good food or go near the animals!
1.How many kinds of animals are talked about in the passage?
A.four B.five C.six D.seven
2.Now Mr Smith is in the zoo with his two sons,one is14 and the other is is 10 .How much are the tickets together(總共)?
A.$4.00 B.$2.00 C.$3.00 D.$10.00
3.Which of the following is the visiting time?
A.8:30am Monday B.9:30am Friday
C.3:00[m Sunday D.5:00pm Tuesday
4.From the passage we can guess the animal 「giraffe 」must be very
A.fat B.long C.strong D.tall
5.Which of the following can we do in the zoo?
A. to give some food to the fish
A.to touch the monkey on the head
B.to throw things everywhere
C.to keep the zoo clean
(三)
Tom likes fish very much. He often buys some fish in the shop and takes it home. But when his wife sees the fish, she says to herself, 「Good ! I can ask my friends to have lunch, and we can eat the fish. They like fish very much.」
So when Tom comes home in the evening, the fish is not there and his wife always says, 「Oh,your cat eats it 」 And she gives Tom some bread for his supper.. Tom is very angry. He takes the cat and his wife to the shop near his house and weighs(稱重) the cat. Then he turns to his wife and says, 「My fish weigh one kilo(公斤). This cat weighs one, too. My fish is here, you see, then where is my cat?」
1.( )eats the fish.
A.Mr Tom B.Mrs Tom C.The cat D.His fiends
2,What does Mrs Tom do with the fish?
A.She eats the fish before Tom comes back
B.She asks her friends to come to eat the fish with her
C.She puts the fish in the fridge(冰箱)and waits for her husband
D.She cooks the fish for Tom
3.Mr Tom weighs ( ) in the shop with his wife.
A.the fish B.the cat C.his wife D.his friend
4.How much fish does Tom often buy?
A.one kilo B.two kilo C.three kilo D.four kilo
5.Tom likes ( )very much.
A.cat B.his wife C.fish D.his friends
(五)
A crow (烏鴉)wants to drink, but he can』t find water. He looks here and there. At last (最後),he cries (大叫), 「I can see a jar (罐子)and there is some water in it.」 He tries (試圖) to get the water, but he can』t. 「How can I get the water?」 he cries, 「I can put my break (鳥嘴)quite close (靠近)to it.」 But still (仍然)he can not
drink. 「What can I do? I want to drink.」
He looks here and there, then he picks up a small stone (石頭) in his break and carries it to the jar of water and drops it into the jar. 「Soon the water will be high in the jar, and I can drink,」 says the crow.
So he begins (開始) to do that until (直到)the water is high enough to drink.
1. What is the crow looking for?
A. A jar B. Water C. Food D. Meat
2. Why doesn』t he drink right now(馬上)?
A. He isn』t very thirsty. B. No water in the jar.
C. He doesn』t want to drink it. D. The water isn』t high.
3. What』s the English meaning (意思) for 「drop」?
A. put… into… B. take…to… C. carry…to… D. put…on…
4. Why does he pick up the stone?
A. He is hungry. B. He wants to put them into the jar.
C. He wants to make his break strong. D. He is playing a game
5. Which title (題目)do you think is the best (最好)?
A. A Clever(聰明的) Crow B. A thirsty Crow
C. A Crow and A Jar of Water D. A Crow and Stones
(六)
One day the famous American scientist Albert Einstein(著名的美國科學家愛因斯坦) came across(碰到) an old friend of his in a street in New York.
「Mr Einstein」 said the friend 「 It seems that you need to have a new overcoat. Look how worn-out it is ?」
「It does not matter,」 answered Albert Einstein, 「Nobody knows me here in New York」
Several years later, they met in New York again. Einstein had became a world famous physicist(物理學家) then. But he still wore (wear過去式)the same old overcoat. Once more his friend tried to persuade(勸) him to buy a new one.
「There is no need now」 said Einstein. 「Everyone here knows me」
1. Where did Einstein meet his friend for the first time?
A.America B.China C. Japan D. New York
2. ---Why did his friend say 「you need to have a new overcoat」?
---Because his overcoat was too( )
A.new B.long C.short D.old
3.----Why did Einstein say 「 Nobody knows me here in New York」?
----Because at that time he was not ( )
A.happy B.boring C.satisfied D.famous
4.After ( ), Einstein and his friend met again.
A.three days B.some months C.several hours D.several years
5.From this article we can find Einstein is a ( )person.
A.rich B.poor C.famous D.simple
㈣ 七年級英語首字母填空
已經填在空里了:
Here's a story about Ming's life on the waters. Ming has lived all his life on a wide r__iver__ in china. His home is a large house-boat with a roof,one of hundreds that move up and down. In about six years he has not once been on l__and__ but he is never lonely. He is a strong swimmer. In fact,he could swim before he could walk. When he wants to play with his f__riends__ he just swims across to their boats or asks them to v__isit__ him.
Ming's father is a fisherman,but he never u__ses__ a line or a net. Great black birds called cormorants do the fishing for him. Rings have been put around the birds' n__ecks__ so that they cannot eat the fish they catch. They have been taught to b__ring__ the fish to people. And then people reward them with a fine big fish as soon as their work is finished. Ming loves w__atching__ the cormorants,but better still he likes going s__hopping__ with his mother. The shops,of course,are boats very like his o__wn__.
㈤ 初一英語完形填空和閱讀理解
一個字一個字碼的,要給最佳答案呀!!5555一、 Radio
Jim Green is an announcer(播音員)for the program.Most of the girls___1____ boys like the program. They ___2___like Jim Green. Some of them often make phone calls to him and thank him ___3___ his work. There are lots of ___4___ to him every day,too.
Jim Green gets up at 6:00 every morning.He has bread and a glass of milk ___5___ breakfast. He leaves home at 6:30 and ___6___ his office at 7:15.
The program ___7____ at 7:30.He plays the new records (唱片)of the pop songs and modern music for his listeners. At 8:00 it's time ____8____ the news.
Jim finishes work at 10:30. He goes home ____9____ his car.He ___10___ newspaper and listens to music after supper.
He thinks his life is very interesting.
( )1.A and B with C but D about ( )2.A too B to C also D so
( )3.A to B for C fo D and ( )4.A letter B letters C friends D words
( )5.A at B with C for D to ( )6.A goes B gets C gets to D gets up
( )7.A begins B finishes C over D start ( )8.A to B for C of D in
( )9.A by B in C on D takes ( )10.A looks B reads C sees D watches
二、You\'ll see a new _1_at a hospitai near London if you go there.He is very clever,_2_he never speaks.He can work 24 hours a day and never gets _3_.He is one metre tall and has a face_4_a TV screen.He is Dr.Robot.
Doctors often need to ask their patients a lot of questions._5_ doctors can only spend a few minutes with such patient.But Dr.Robot,a human doctor can_8_a lot of uesful information(信息)when he meets his patient.
How can Dr.Robot do this? A computer \"tell\" him what to do.Dr.Robot can do a lot of things people can do,though he can\'t completely_9_the place of _10_ doctors.
( )1.A.sick person B.nurse C.chemist D.doctor ( )2.A.so B.if C.but D.because
( )3.A.tired B.off C.up D.woounded ( )4.A.like B.on C.as D.in
( )5.A.Kind B.Busy C.Free D.Tall ( )6.A.late B.impossibleC.necessary D.interesting
( )7.A.With B.For C.Behind D.Under ( )8.A.spend B.have C.send D.speak
( )9.A.bring B.give C.take D.lead ( )10.A.robot B.computer C.women D.human
三、Mike is an Englishman. He lives in a __1___ building in the __2___ London. There are eighteen floors in the building and he lives on the fifteenth floor. He__3___ a lift (電梯)to go up and down. He works very hard. He__4___ to work early. Every day he leaves his__5__and walks to the lift. He gets into the lift. It __6___him down to the first floor. He gets out of the lift. Then he walks to __7___bus stop. The bus stop is in front of a station. It is about two hundred meters from ___8___home. Usually, he catches the number 11 bus to work, but sometimes he goes__9___. He works in a factory about ten__10___ from his home. His work starts at half past eight, and finishes at a quarter to five. He gets back home at half past5.
( ) 1. A. tall B. shot C. small D. large ( ) 2. A. country B. town C. city D. village
( ) 3. A. makes B. uses C. does D. mends ( ) 4. A. begins B. wants C. runs D. goes
( ) 5. A. home B. building C. office D. room ( ) 6. A. costs B. spends C. takes D. brings
( ) 7. A. an B.a C. the D. / ( ) 8. A.his B. he C. him D.himself
( ) 9. A.by plane B. by train C. on foot D. by air ( ) 10. A.meters B. kilometers C. minutes D. hours
四、A Diary Great weather! It was _1__ and hot all day. We __2__ to a beautiful beach. We had great fun __3__ in the water. In the afternoon, we went __4__. On the way, I found a little boy __5__ in the corner. He was __6__. I helped __7__ find his father. That made me __8__ very happy. I didn』t have __9__ money __10__ a taxi. So I walked back to the hotel.
( )1.A. wind B. cloud C. sunny ( )2. A. go B. got C. went
( )3. A. play B. played C. playing ( )4. A. shop B.shopping C.shopped
( )5. A. cries B. cried C. crying ( )6. A. lose B. lost C. crying
( )7. A. he B. his C. him ( )8. A. feel B. feeling C. felt
( )9. A. some B. any C.a few ( )10. A. with B. on C. for
五、Dear Dr Know,
I』m not happy. I have too __1_ rules in my family. I have to __2___ at 6:00 every morning. I can』t __3__ my friends after school __4__I have to __5__my dog for a walk. I can』t watch TV on school nights. And I have to __6_ in bed by ten o』clock. _7__ weekends, I have to clean my room and wash my clothes. Then I have to help my mother __8__ dinner. Later I have to go to the Children』s Palace __9__ the piano. I never have any fun. __10__ can I do?
( )1. A. many B. much C. a few ( )2. A. go to bed B. get up C.go home
( )3. A. watch B. look C. meet ( )4. A. so B. then C. because
( )5. A. bring B. take C. carry ( )6. A. be B. is C. am
( )7. A. In B. On C. At ( )8. A. make B. making C. do
( )9. A. learn B. to learn C. learning ( )10. A. Why B. What C. How
六、On Christmas Eve a few days ago, an English couple, the Hardens, got a very special call. It was only a 20-second call but it was very ____11____. The Hardens』 15-year-old daughter has gone ___12____ six months before. On Christmas Eve she rang them. 「I』m phoning to wish you a happy Christmas, 」she said, 「I love you.」
Ronals and Edwine Harden were so ______13_____ that they started a special telephone service (服務)called「Alive and Well」. The service helps ______14______ to get in touch with children who have run away from home.
Young people can phone「Alive and Well」and leave a message for their parents. The telephone are answered by answering machines. So ______15_____ can speak to the child or make him return home. Parents of runaway children who are _______16_______ eighteen can ask the police to bring their children home. So children do not want to tell their parents where they are. Through 「Alive and Well」they can telephone their parents and they do not ______17______ about this or giving out their addresses.
The Hardens and their helpers ______18______ the telephone messages and connect(聯系)the addresses given. About 30,000 British teenagers have left home and many of them are probably in _______19_______. For only two pence(便士)they can go into a telephone coin box and call their parents. They can dial 5675339 and ______20______ a parent worry: Is he dead or alive?
11. A. interesting B.important C. difficult D. exciting 12. A. away Bout C. back D. along
13. A. angry B. happy C. sad D. kind 14. A. teachers B. people C. parents D. friends
15. A. someone B. anyone C. everyone D. no one 16. A. at B. above C. over D. under
17. A. think B. worry C. talk D. hear 18. A. ask for B. listen to C. look up D. write down
19. A. Pairs B. Tokyo C. London D. New York 20. A. stop B. make C. feel D. leave
一、 1 A 在肯定句中表示並列 2 C also是"也"的意思,A是太……的意思
3 B thank sb. for sth. 為了什麼感謝某人 4 B 每天他都有很多的來信
5 C 作為他的早飯 6 C 到達 A是走 B是得到 D是起床
7 A 開始 D的時態不對,應該是第三人稱單數 8 B 該是新聞時間了,A是time to do sth.
9 B in one's car ,A是 B by car 10 B 看報紙是 read newspaper
二、DCAAB CABCD
四、1-5CCCBC 6-10BCABC
五、1-5ABCBB 6-10ABBBB
六、11. B 12. A 13. B 14. C 15. 16. D 17. B 18. D 19. C 20. A