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高中英語閱讀詞義猜測題專練

發布時間: 2023-07-24 21:12:40

㈠ 高考英語語法:高中英語語法-通過上下文猜測詞義的技巧之一

《高中英語語法-通過上下文猜測詞義的技巧之一》由留學liuxue86.com我整理。本內容整理時間為05月12日,如有任何問題請聯系我們。
通過上下文猜測詞義的技巧之一

所謂猜測詞義,是指在閱讀過程中根據對語篇的信息、邏輯、背景知識及語言結構等的綜合理解去猜測或推斷某一生詞、難詞、關鍵詞的詞義,它是大隱一種非常有用的閱讀技巧,獲得這種技巧之後,讀者在閱讀過程中能很快通過上下文提供的線索或生詞本身的結構特點推斷出詞義來,從而提高閱讀速度和閱讀能力。

猜詞技巧也是一種很重要的應試技巧。在諸多的英語測試中,幾乎都包含有判斷生詞或關鍵詞詞義的題目。如:

1) In Line…the word“…”could best be replaced by which of the following?

2) According to the author the word “…”means __________.

3) By word “…” the author means __________.

4) Which of the following is nearest/ closest in meaning to “…” ?

那麼,怎樣來猜測和推斷生詞的詞義呢?這種技巧大體可分為兩大類:一類是通過上下文推測詞義,另一類是根據生詞本身的特點推測詞義。本文著重介紹通過上下文猜測詞義的技巧。通過上下文猜詞就是根據一個詞所處的具體的語言環境,運用有關線索,如同義詞﹑反義詞﹑舉例﹑重述或定義等推測詞義,也可以運用邏輯推理和其他的知識,如生活經驗、普通常識等推斷詞義。

1. 以定義為線索猜測詞義

根據上下文以生詞的定義為線索猜測詞義是進行快速閱讀時最常見、最直接的一種猜詞方法。

(1)以to be(是),mean(意指),refer to(指的是)為線索猜測詞義。

[例] Ventilation,as you know ,is a system or means of providing fresh air . It plays a very important part in the field of engineering.

此句中“ventilation” 可能是個生詞,但 is後面是對該詞的明確定義。是什麼東西或什麼手段才能提供新鮮空氣呢?所以不難看出 “ventilation” 這個詞的意思是“通風”。

(2)以“be defined as ”(被定義為),“be known as ”(被稱為),“be called ”(被稱為),“be termed ”(被定義為)等結構為線索猜測生詞詞義。

在這些結構中,主語與主語補足語相互提供生詞的詞義,讀者可以通過已知部分推斷出未知部分的意思來。

[例] A person or thing beyond comparison,a model of excellence,is known as a paragon.

在此句中,“paragon”一詞的詞義由句子的主語給提供出來了。一個人或物是無與倫比的,即優秀的典範,這不就是“模範、優秀的人或物”嗎?很明顯“be known as”前面的主語給出了後面“paragon”的詞義。

(3)以定語從句為線索猜測詞義。

在很多情況下,定語從句直接給出了某一生詞的定義,所以,以定語從句為線索猜測詞義也是一個行之有效的猜詞方法。

[例] He was a prestidigitator who entertained the children by pulling rabbits out of hats,swallowing fire,and other similar tricks.

此句中,who引導的定語從句對生詞“prestidigitator”的詞義給出了非常清楚的定義。根據這一定義,讀者就不難猜測出prestidigitator的詞義。能從帽子里拉出兔氏畢子、吞火和玩其他類似的把戲的人不就是變戲法的人嗎?因此,“prestidigitator”一詞的詞義就應是“變戲法者”。

(4)以標點符號為線索猜測詞義。

作者有時利用標點符號,如括弧、冒號、破折號等為一些生詞直接提供定義或解殲仿芹釋,這些符號無疑為讀者理解或猜測生詞詞義提供了很好的線索。

[例] Tornadoes(violent and destructive whirl wind)normally occur on hot,humid(a little wet)day,but not necessarily in the summer.

此句中,“tornado”和“humid”兩詞的詞義都在括弧里被清楚地表述出來。“tornado”即一種非常劇烈的、破壞性很大的旋轉的風。很明顯,這是“旋風﹑颶風”;humid即有點濕,其詞義很清楚是“潮濕的”意思。在這種情況下,利用括弧作為猜詞線索,在一瞬間就能猜出其詞義來,閱讀可繼續進行,不會因生詞而影響閱讀速度。

2. 以同義詞、近義詞為線索猜測詞義

有時作者為了使他的意思表達得更清楚明白,通常用一個同義詞或近義詞來解釋另一個比較難的詞或關鍵詞,這些同義詞或近義詞為讀者推斷生詞詞義提供了線索。另外有些作者在表達同一概念時喜歡用兩個或更多的同義詞或近義詞,其中必定有讀者所熟悉的詞,根據已知的詞語,就不難推斷出生詞的詞義來。

(1)or有時可作為識別同義詞或近義詞的信號詞。

[例] The new tax law supersedes,or replaces,the law that was in effect last year.

此句中,作者考慮到“supersede”一詞可能是生詞,緊接著用or引出該詞的同義詞“replace”,此詞是一比較常用的詞,讀者可根據“replace”一詞的詞義能很容易地推斷出“supersede”一詞的大概意思來,即“取代,接替”。

(2)like(像……一樣),as……as(如同……一樣),the same as(與……相同)等也可作為識別生詞的同義詞或近義詞的信號詞,以這些詞為線索,有時也可推斷出生詞的詞義來。

[例] Mother was tall,fat and middle-aged. The principal of the school was an older woman,almost as plump as mother,and much shorter.

此句中,作者把學校的校長和他的母親相比,有相同之處和不同之處。校長比母親年紀大些,個子矮些,但有一點是相同的,並用“as……as”結構表示出來。從這一對比中,可以看出fat和plump是近義詞。fat是讀者熟悉的詞即“肥胖的”,那麼,plump一詞的意思就能猜個大概了。

3. 以反義詞和對比關系為線索猜測詞義

有時作者運用對比的手法來表現事物之間的差異。在進行對比的過程中,作者必然會用一些互為對應、互為反義的詞語,使不同事物的特點更為突出。通過上下文的邏輯關系,從對兩種事物或現象進行對比的描述中,讀者可以根據其中一個熟悉的詞推斷出另一個生詞的詞義來。

另外,在表示這種對比關系時,作者通常會用一些信號詞來表明另一個詞語與前面的詞語互為反義。這些信號詞無疑為讀者理解和猜測生詞詞義提供了非常好的線索。常用來表示對應關系和提供相反信息的信號詞有:

but,yet,however,while,whereas,otherwise,in spite of,despite,even though,although,though,unlike,instead(of),rather than,nevertheless,nonetheless ,on the other hand,still,none the less,by contrast,on the contrary,in the end,compared to

[例] In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now,however,everything seems to be in a state of turmoil.

此句中,以信號詞however為線索,可以看出作者把現在的事情與過去相比。過去是“in an orderly way”,而現在是“in a state of turmoil”,過去是秩序井然,那麼現在則是相反,那就是一片混亂。

4. 以列舉的句子為線索猜測詞義

為了闡明某一種重要觀念或者講清某一抽象概念,作者往往採取舉例的方式對這一觀點或概念進行具體的說明和解釋,從而使讀者理解得更具體些。那麼文中的例子自然也就成了讀者理解文章生詞的線索。表示列舉關系的信號詞有:

like,for example,for instance,such as,especially,include,consist of,specially

[例] Defined most broadly,folklore includes all the customs,belief and tradition that people have handed down from generation to generation.

此句中,includes後面的例子基本上表示出了“folklore”的內容範圍,即人們一代傳一代的那些風俗、習慣、信仰和傳統的東西。這些東西都屬於通常所說的“民俗學,民俗傳統”,這也就是“folklore”一詞的基本含義。

5. 以重述為線索猜測詞義

有時作者在闡述某個概念或某一事情時,為了把它講述得更清楚,他可能採取另一種方式重述一下前面的內容。這種重述往往用比前面一種表達更為簡單易懂的詞語。後面這種簡單易懂的詞語無疑為前面較難的詞語提供了猜測的線索。因此,讀者在閱讀的過程中如遇到生詞時,不要停下來,不妨看一下該生詞後面是否有另一種闡述或解釋。表達重述,作者也經常使用一些信號詞,這些信號詞有:

in other words,to put it another way,that is to say,or 《高中英語語法-通過上下文猜測詞義的技巧之一》由留學liuxue86.com我整理

㈡ 如何做好英語閱讀理解詞義猜測題

猜測詞義題
在閱讀中我們經常會遇到許多生詞。這時許多同學立即翻閱詞典,查找詞義。這樣做不但費時費力,而且影響閱讀速度、影響對語篇的整體把握。事實上,閱讀材料中的每個詞與它前後的詞語或句子甚至段落都有聯系。我們可以利用語境(各種已知信息)推測、判斷某些生詞的詞義。近年來全國統一高考中加大了對考生猜詞義能力的考查,因此,掌握一定的猜詞技巧,對突破高考閱讀理解、提高我們的英語語言能力都有非常重要的意義。
常見的題干有:
1) Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word?
2) The word... could best be replaced by.
3) In the... paragraph, the word... means (refers to).
4) According to the passage,... probably means.
5) The author uses the word... to mean.
猜測詞義時,一般可利用以下四個方面的線索:
一是針對性的解釋
針對性解釋是作者為了更好的表達思想,在文章中對一些重要的概念、難懂的術語或高深的詞彙等所做的通俗化的解釋。這些解釋提供的信息明確具體,所使用的語言通俗易懂,利用它們來猜測詞義就非常簡單。
1.根據定義(definition)猜測詞義
如果生詞有一個句子(定語從句或是同位語<同位語前常有 that="" is="" to="" in="" other="" or="" i.g.="">或是同位語從句)或段落來定義,或使用破折號,冒號,分號後的內容和引號括弧中的內容加以解釋和定義,那麼理解這個句子或段落本身就是推斷詞義。定義常用的謂語動詞多為:be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, be called, define, represent, refer to, signify 等。
例1.Do you know what a territory is ? A territory is an area that an animal ,usually the male, claims(聲稱)as its own.(2005年湖北卷)
[分析]由定義可推知,這里territory指的是:動物的地盤。
例2.In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today.(2005年浙江卷)
[分析]由同位語an endangered wild cat我們很快猜出生詞ocelots的義域:一種瀕臨滅絕野貓。
例3. Here is The Pines ,whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou ,wild boar ,and reindeer with surprising sauces . (2004年福建卷)
According to the passage ,The Pines is a .
A.place in which you can see many mobile homes
B.mountain where you can get a good view of the valley
C.town which happens to be near the Banff National Park
D.restaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food
[分析]通過whose引導的定語從句,我們可以推測到:The Pines 是一家餐館的名字,由此不難推出理解題的答案為:D。
2.根據舉例猜測詞義
恰當的舉例能夠提供猜測生詞的重要線索。
例4. The course gives you chances to know great power polities between nation states. It will provide more space to study particular issues such as relationship among countries in the European Union, third world debt, local and international disagreement, and the work of such international bodies as the United Nations, the European Union, NATO, and the World Bank.(2004年遼寧卷)
[分析]根據such as 後面列舉的一系列例子,我們應該能推斷出句中的issue 是指議題。
二是內在邏輯關系
根據內在邏輯關系推測詞義是指應用語言知識分析和判斷相關信息之間存在的邏輯關系,然後根據邏輯聯系推斷生詞詞義或大致義域。
1.根據對比、比較關系猜測詞義
在一個句子或段落中,有對兩個事物或現象進行對比性的描述,我們可以根據生詞的反義詞猜測其詞義。表示對比關系的詞彙和短語主要有:unlike, not, but, however, despite, in spite of, in contrast 等。表示對比關系的句子結構:while 引導的並列句。同對比關系相反,比較關系表示意義上的相似關系。表示比較關系的詞和短語主要有:similarly, like, just as, also, as well as 等。
例5.A childs birthday party doesnt have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun.
What does the underlined word hassle (paragraph 1) probably mean? (2002年NMET)
A.a party designed by specialists B.a plan requiring careful thought
C.a situation causing difficulty or trouble D.a demand made by guests
[分析]根據對比關系,這里hassle 和 a basket of fun 是相反的意義,很容易判斷理解題的答案為C。
例6.Green loves to talk, and his brothers are similarly loquacious.
該句中副詞similarly表明短語loves to talk和loquacious 之間的比較關系,其意義相近。由此我們可推斷出loquacious的意思是健談的。
2.根據因果關系猜測詞義
在句子或段落中,若兩個事物現象之間構成因果關系,我們可以根據這種邏輯關系推測生詞詞義。
例7.feel that since you are my superior , it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do .
(2005年上海卷)
The word presumptuous in the middle of the passage is closest in meaning to .
A.full of respect B.too confident and rude C.lacking in experience D.too shy and quiet
[分析]根據since 引導的原因狀語從句的內容(既然你是我的上司),我們可以推斷這里presumptuous的意思是:冒失的,放肆的意思,後半句的意思是:我告訴你怎麼做會是一種放肆/冒失的行為。對應的理解題答案為:B。
例8.Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots,or young leaves.(2005年江西卷)
根據原因狀語從句的內容,我們可以判斷Pruning的意思是:修剪(樹枝等)的意思。
3.根據說明、並列、同等同義近義、、反義等關系猜測詞義
在句子或段落中,我們可以利用熟悉的詞語,根據語言環境所表面的關系猜測詞義。
例9.William Shakespeare said. The web of our life is of a mingled yarn(紗線),good and ill together. (2005年江蘇卷)
The underlined word mingled in the last paragraph most probably means .
A.simple B.mixed C.sad D.happy
[分析]句中good and ill together 更具體地說明了a mingled yarn的意義,據此我們不難推測mingled的意思是:混合的,交織的。
例10.Is it possible to beat high blood pressure without drugs ? The answer is yes, according to the researchers at Johns Hopkins and three other medical centers. (2004年湖北卷)
[分析]根據and three other medical centers 這種並列關系,我們很容易推斷出:Johns Hopkins是一家醫療中心。
例11.There is no reason to insult and defame the man simply because you do not agree with him.
[分析]根據與insult侮辱的同等關系猜測defame為詆毀 ,中傷或誹謗
例12.The game Americans call soccer is known around the world as football.
[分析]運用與football的同義關系推斷為足球。
例13.The house stood at the end of a quiet neat street. The little dwelling,however,looked neglected and cheerless.
[分析]運用與The house近義關系可以推斷dwelling與住所有關
例14.Most women in China ---ecated and illiterated, urban and rural, the young and old-----work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers.
[分析]後面的urban and rural, the young and old之間都有反義關系,運用這個關系可以推斷illiterated為未接受過教育的,即文盲
三是通過構詞法
在猜測詞義過程中,我們還可以依靠構詞法方面的知識,從生詞本身猜測詞義。
1.根據前綴猜測詞義
例15.Do you have any strong opinion on co-ecational or single-sex schools?
根據詞根ecational (教育的),結合前綴co-(共同,一起),我們便可以猜出co-ecational的意思是:男女同校教育的意思。(2005年江西卷)
2.根據後綴猜測詞義
例16. It's a quiet, comfortable hotel overlooking (俯瞰) the bay in an uncommercialized Cornish fishing village on England's most southerly point.(2005年廣東卷)
後綴 -ise/ize意思是使成為;使化,結合詞根commercial(商業的),不難猜出 uncommercialized 的意思是:未被商業化的。
3.根據復合詞的各部分猜測詞義
例17.Good tool design is important in the prevention of overuse injuries. Well – designed tools and equipment will require less force to operate them and prevent awkward(別扭的)hand positions.(2005年北京卷)
Well-designed 或許是個生詞,但我們分析該詞的結構後,就能推測出其含義。它由well (好,優秀)和design (設計)兩部分組成,合在一起便是設計精巧的意思。
例18. We live in a technological society where most goods are mass-proced by unskilled labor. Because of this, most people that craft (手藝) no longer exists. (2004年浙江卷)
根據合成詞中的mass (大量的)和proce (生產),我們可以推測 mass-proce的意思是:大批量生產;規模生產的意思。
4.猜測詞性變換新詞含義
例19.The other teams, disappointed, were on the bus heading home. (2004年山東卷)
head本為名詞,表頭。由the bus和home的語境邏輯可以推斷,該句head為動詞,表方向,結合全句可譯為開往、駛向。
例20.I had first known she was wrong, that her anxiety had clouded her judgment. (2004全國卷Ⅱ)
cloud本為名詞,表雲。分析語境邏輯可知,憂慮會影響一個人的判斷,因此該句clouded應譯為使難以。

㈢ 高中英語閱讀題

高中英語閱讀題

練習是提高英語閱讀理解的一個硬辦法,下面是我整理的高中的英語閱讀練習題以及答案,有需要的朋友可以閱讀參考一下哦!

第一篇:

Ever since news of widespread food recalls caused by a carcinogenic dye broke, there has been confusion over possible links to the country of the same name, but Sudan officials say thereis no connection whatever.

Sudan?1 is a red instrial dye that has been found in some chilli powder, but was banned in food procts across the European Union (EU) in July 2003.

Since the ban was put in place, EU officials have been striving to remove some food procts from the shelves. So far 580 procts have been recalled.

Last week Sudan‘s Embassy in the United Kingdom asked the Food Standards Agency (FSA) for clarification of the origin of the dye‘s name.

Omaima Mahmoud Al Sharief, a press official at Sudan‘s Embassy in China, explained the purpose of the inquiry was to clear up any misunderstanding over links between the country and the poisonous dye.

"We want to keep an eye on every detail and avoid any misunderstanding there," she said. "Our embassy to Britain asked them how the dye got that name and whether the dye had something to do with our country. But they told us there was no relationship."

The FSA, an independent food security watchdog in Britain, received a letter from the Sudanese embassy last week.

"They asked us why the dye is named Sudan, however, we also do not know how it got the name," she said. "People found the dye in 1883 and gave it the name. Nobody knows the reason, and we cannot give any explanation before we find out."

Sudan dyes, which include Sudan?1 to 4, are red dyes(顏料) used for colouring solvents(溶劑), oils, waxes, petrol, and shoe and floor polishes. They are classified as carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer.

1. What does the underlined word mean in paragraph one?

A. Causing cancer. B. Having side effect. C. Containing poison. D.Poisonous

2. How did the Sudan?1 get its name?

A. The dye is often proced in Sudan.

B. The dye has something to do with the country named Sudan.

C. Nobody is sure of the origin of the name.

D. Many foods proced in Sudan contain the dye.

3. We can infer from the passage that.

A. the Sudan government is paying much attention to the food safety

B. Sudan?1 is often used to be added to the food

C. people didn’t realize the danger of Sudan?1 until 2003

D. many food shops will be closed down

4. Which of the following is the best title? A. Keep away from Sudan?1

B. No Sudan?1 dye links to the country C. How Sudan?1 dye got its name?

D. Pay attention to the food safety

第二篇:

During the fourth China Beijing High-tech Instries Week, exhibitions, feature presentations, technological exchanges and trade talks, and other events are organized.

Exhibitions

•China International Exhibition Centre

*Section for China‘s key science and technology achievements of the Ninth Five Year Plan (1996-2000)

*Environmental protection and energy section

*Section for exhibitors from other provinces and municipalities(自治市) and regions of China

·China World Trade Centre

*Exchange and Trade Fair for Science and Technology Books and Sports Information Media *The Trade Fair for Modern Intelligent Houses and Beijing Urban Real Estate ·China Millenium Monument

*Forum(論壇)and Exhibition of Foreign Sci-tech Universities ·China Agricultural Culture Centre

*High-tech Construction Procts Exhitibion Feature Presentation ·Science and Ecation

*Scientists Forum on the New Century ·High-tech Instry

*Forum on Environmental Protection

*2001 Forum on Bio-technology on Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Medicine Technical Exchanges and Trade Talks

·Trade talks on financial capital transformation

· Sino-Italian Forum and Trade Fair for the Development of IT and Com munications Technology

1.If you want to know more about the high-tech achievements of different parts of China, you should go to______.

A. China World Trade Centre B. China Millenium Monument

C. China International Exhibition Centre D. China Agricultural Culture Centre

2.These sessions mark the achievements of mankind in the fields of______.

A. electronic communications, energy and ecation

B. sports technology, film-instry and environmental protection C. network technology, high-tech instries and traffic D. medicine, weather broadcast and finance

3.The advertisement is mainly about______.

A. the major activities of the high-tech week B. the time-table of high-tech week C. the names of the meeting places D. the topic of trade talks

第三篇:

In East Africa there is a bribe(部落) of people called the Masai. They are tall and slim(苗條的) and carry long spears to guard their cattle against an attacking lion or leopard(豹). These Africans move from place to place on the rolling(綿延起伏的) grasslands looking for suitable grazing(牧場) and water. Mboto is twelve years old. He helps his father drive the cattle. If the family decides to remain in one spot for a while, he helps gather sticks and thin branches to build a simple house. The sticks are placed in the ground in a circle. They are then bent inwards and joined at the top. Small branches and leaves fill the spaces. If it looks as if the family will stay longer than usual, then the inside walls are often plastered with cattle manure(糞). For a door there is only a small opening to allow a person to enter. A thorn(刺) fence is built around the small house to keep cattle safe at night. Lions, leopards and hyenas prowl(覓食) around after dark. So the cattle would be easily killed and eaten.

When Mboto grows up into a man, he will become a true Masai warrior(勇士). He will have to join other warriors in the strange custom of drinking blood. The blood is taken from the neck of one of their cattle. It is mixed with milk and together with meat. It becomes the main food for the men.

The Masai have lived this way for thousands of years. The only change that seems to have affected their lives is the use of the transistor(晶體管) radio. It is quite common to see a young warrior with a pair of earphones listening to music while has is with his cattle.

1.The underlined word plastered in the first paragraph means______.

A. painted B. covered all over C. put up D. dotted

2.What do the Masai spend most of their time doing?

A. Hunting B. Fighting against wild animals C. Grazing their cattle D. Building small houses

3.It can be learned from the text that______.

A. a Masai warrior drinks blood mixed with milk B. Mboto is a strong Masai warrior

C. a thorn fence is built to keep the cattle out

D. the Masai has nearly a thousand years of history

4.Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?

A. The Masai wander over the rolling African grasslands.

B. A Masai‘s simple house has a small opening as a door to allow a person to enter.

C. A Masai‘s simple house is made of branches and strong sticks.

D. Modern inventions don‘t affect the Masai‘s lives at all.

>>>>>>參考答案<<<<<<

第一篇:

1. A詞義猜測題。根據They are classified as carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. 可知這個詞與癌症有關,故可推出carcinogenic意為"致癌的."。

2. C細節題。根據People found the dye in 1883 and gave it the name. Nobody knows the reason, and we cannot give any explanation before we find out.可知還沒有人知道"蘇丹紅"名稱的由來。

3. B推斷題。根據EU officials have been striving to remove some food procts from the shelves. So far 580 procts have been recalled.可知某些食品因含有"蘇丹紅"而被召回。故可推斷"蘇丹紅"經常用作食品添加劑。

4. B主旨大意題。根據there has been confusion over possible links to the country of the same name, but Sudan officials say there is no connection whatever. 可知本文主要講"蘇丹紅"與蘇丹這個國家是否有聯系的問題,故B最佳。

第二篇:C A A

第三篇:B C A D

;

㈣ 英語周報高三外研2015-2016第38期閱讀理解專練答案

英語周報高三外研2015-2016第38期閱讀理解專練答案
閱讀理解專練(四)
參考答案
1-5 DAABC 6-10 CBDAB
11-14 CBDC
解析
A篇(社會)
本文是記敘文。彬彬有禮、慈祥和藹的英國女王伊麗莎白二世曾經還是一位會調試引擎、修理輪胎的「女漢子」。
1. D。細節理解題。由第一段中的women worked at jobs traditionally held by men, who were nowoverseas fighting可知,二戰期間的英國婦女被允許在男性崗位上工作。
2. A。細節理解題。由第二段中的King George VI, thought it was too dangerous. But Princess Elizabethwould not take no for an answer可知,起初喬治六世國王拒絕了伊麗莎白公主想要參加A.T.S.的請求。
3. A。細節理解題。由第四段中的she learned to take apart an engine and then assemble it和第五段中的Princess Elizabeth worked oncar, truck, and even tank engines 可知,在A.T.S.服役期間,伊麗莎白公主學會了拆卸各種汽車引擎,儼然變成了一位汽車修理工。第四段的I'm a mechanic at last也是提示。
4. B。推理判斷題。由第二段伊麗莎白公主經過數月說服父母同意她參軍可知,她意志力堅定;再根據第五、六段描述伊麗莎白公主獨自開卡車可知,她膽子很大。
5. C。推理判斷題。由最後一段可知,年屆八旬的伊麗莎白女王依然開車、騎馬、管理農庄,由此推知,她的身體非常健朗。
B篇(自然)
本文是說明文。文章介紹了科學家對野生狒狒飲食情況的研究結果。
6. C。篇章結構題。由第一段中的it seemed as if they ate everything. But did they really? ...Baboons should be picky eaters可推斷,劃線部分指代野生狒狒是否挑食這個謎。
7. B。細節理解題。由第二段中的the monkeys ate whatever they could find as long as the foods had alot of protein and fat可知,野生狒狒喜歡富含蛋白質和脂肪的食物。
8. D。細節理解題。由第三段中的baboons were smart ... remember a lot of things ... easily remembertheir friends and enemies可知,野生狒狒記性好。
9. A。段落大意題。第四段主要講作者研究野生狒狒尋找食物的過程和方法。
10. B。推理判斷題。由最後一段中的baboons did not find ... walked quickly and directly to baobab trees可推斷,野生狒狒知道猴麵包樹的位置。
C篇(個人情感)
本文是議論文。文章論述了同理心的重要性。
11. C。細節理解題。由第二段末的They afterwards developed a friendship based on their commoninterest in Aristotle's ethics可知。
12. B。細節理解題。由第四段Furthermore, it's about recovering the curiosity everyone had as achild ... be an interested inquirer可知,成年人應該像孩子一樣對他人感到好奇。
13. D。細節理解題。由第五段中的you borrow a person for conversation ... people you may not get tomeet in everyday life可知,在真人圖書館,你可以和比較特別的人聊天。
14. C。推理判斷題。由最後一段中的without empathy a person is 「emotionally tone deaf 」可推斷,培養對他人的同理心很重要。

閱讀理解專練(五)
參考答案
1-4 DAAC 5-9 BDCDA
10-14 CBBDB
解析
A篇(體育)
本文是記敘文。文章講述了棒球泥的故事。
1. D。細節理解題。由第一段末的a deadly game及第三段開頭的Back then ... hard to control和末句的One batter was even killed可知,在1938年前棒球是危險的運動。
2. A。推理判斷題。由第四段中的improving the grip without damaging the leather可推斷,這種泥使棒球更容易控制。
3. A。推理判斷題。由第四段末的they gave his mud a thumbs-up. By the 1950s, every major-league teamwas using it可推斷,裁判們認為Blackburne的方法很好。
4. C。標題歸納題。文章主要講了棒球泥被發現和使用的歷史,這種泥的位置目前仍是秘密,故C項最適合作本文的標題。
B篇(自然)
本文是說明文。文章介紹了江鱈的外貌、飲食、生活習性及生存現狀。
5. B。推理判斷題。由第二段中的The fish is ... not exactly pretty及最後一段中的unattractive ones可推斷,江鱈長得比較丑。
6. D。細節理解題。由第二段中的They're a very greedy animal ... they really will eat anything theycan get可知,江鱈吃很多種食物。
7. C。細節理解題。由第三段中的burbot can be trapped under ice — they need cold temperatures to lay eggs可知,江鱈需要到冰下產卵。
8. D。句意理解題。由上文中的the only burbot in England ... preserved in jars可推斷,懸賞的獎金一直無人領取說明江鱈已經在英國的海域消失了。
9. A。推理判斷題。由最後一段中的But what about the unattractive ones ... speak up for the burbot可推斷,作者對江鱈的現狀很擔憂。
C篇(人際關系)
本文是記敘文。一個阿斯伯格綜合症患者被同學欺凌後的反應讓人稱贊。
10. C。細節理解題。由第一段中的Gavin, a teenager with Asperger's Syndrome ... affects a person'sability to socialize ... appears distant from his schoolmates可知。
11. B。詞義猜測題。由第二段中的it's weird及 he wanted to be friends with people he didn't know可推斷,一些孩子認為Gavin想和陌生人交朋友的行為很奇怪。
12. B。細節理解題。由第一段中的was beaten up just for being different及第二、三段可知,Gavin僅僅因為和別人不同而被打。
13. D。細節理解題。由倒數第二、三段可知,Gavin想讓欺凌他的孩子們從這次事件中學到東西。
14. B。推理判斷題。Gavin在被欺凌後不僅沒有粗暴地報復,反而想辦法讓欺負他的孩子們從這件事上有所收獲。再由文章開頭的the end results are much more optimistic及第四段末的Gavin's reaction speaksvolumes可推斷,他對待欺凌的方式值得稱贊。

閱讀理解專練(六)
參考答案
1-5 DCBCD 6-10 BADBC
11-14 BDAB
解析
A篇(家庭)
本文是記敘文。文章圍繞父親的禮物講述了父子之情。
1. D。篇章結構題。由第二段開頭的Dad made it及第三段開頭的He gave me the little man in the bathtub可知,劃線詞指代父親送給作者的禮物。
2. C。推理判斷題。由第二段中的Carved out of ... hollow可推斷,這個禮物製作精巧。
3. B。推理判斷題。由第三段中的I cried while reading that ... how could Dad even think that?可推斷,當作者讀父親的信時,他感到既傷心又驚訝。
4. C。細節理解題。由倒數第二段末的We both matured, and our relationship as alts was far better thanwhen I was younger可知。
5. D。細節理解題。由最後一段中的While I will forever treasure it, the little man in the bathtub willnever be finished可知,父親走了,音樂盒永遠都不可能完成了,作者為此深感遺憾。
B篇(文娛)
本文是記敘文。文章講述了糖果樂園游戲的歷史。
6. B。推理判斷題。由第一段中的The kids were lonely and sad, and Abbott ... the perfectentertainment可推斷,Abbott試圖用這種游戲使患小兒麻痹症的孩子們高興起來。
7. A。細節理解題。由第二段中的they loved it可知。
8. D。段落大意題。第三段中的It's possible that polio helped make Candy Land famous是主題句。小兒麻痹症在全國范圍內傳染期間,人們為避免被傳染盡量不和別人接觸。該疾病的影響加上其它的因素,共同為糖果樂園游戲的流行創造了極佳的條件。
9. B。細節理解題。由第三段可知,受二十世紀五十年代早期小兒麻痹症的影響,糖果樂園游戲流行起來。
10. C。推理判斷題。由第一段可知,Abbott看到生病的孩子們孤獨而傷心便想辦法讓他們高興起來;再由最後一段可知,Abbott將自己得到的第一筆版稅中的很多錢送給了當初在病房見到的孩子們。據此可推斷,她是一個善良的人。
C篇(文學)
本文是應用文。文章是一則詩歌比賽的通知。
11. B。細節理解題。由第二段中的The poem must be about a specific person可知。
12. D。細節理解題。由第四段開頭的E-mail entries to ... fax to可知。
13. A。細節理解題。由倒數第三段中的Include your real name ... 可知。
14. B。文章出處題。通讀全文可知,本文是一則詩歌比賽的通知。

閱讀理解專練(七)
參考答案
1-5 CCBAC 6-10 ACCDB
11-14 DACD
解析
A篇(飲食)
本文是記敘文。文章主要介紹了SlushPuppie這種冷飲的由來。
1. C。細節理解題。由第一段中的One evening, Radcliff ... brainstorm some names for his would-beslushy drink可知C項說法正確。
2. C。細節理解題。由第三段中的An eight-ounce Slush Puppie contains 119 calories ... it has a verypleasant taste可知,SlushPuppie這種冷飲熱量高,但很可口。
3. B。詞義猜測題。由該詞前後的by 1999 sales had reached $25 million a year和he eventually pushed his idea intoa global phenomenon可知,Radcliff非常機敏,他趁著飲料熱銷的勢頭將其推向國外市場。
4. A。細節理解題。由倒數第二段中的he built a large farm and became a fierce advocate for landconservation可知,Radcliff之所以購買那片濕地是為了保護土地,這說明他是個關愛大自然的人。
5. C。標題歸納題。總覽全文可知,文章主要介紹了Slush Puppie這種冷飲的由來,故選C項。
B篇(健康)
本文是說明文。研究表明過度降低食物鹽分對身體有害。
6. A。推理判斷題。由第二段中的1,500 for groups considered at greater risk, like alts older than50可知,美國政府建議健康的老人每天食用1500毫克鈉。
7. C。詞義猜測題。由第三段該詞所在句中的but可知,scant與considerable(相當多的)意思相反,故選C項。
8. C。細節理解題。由第四段中的Consumption below that level showed increased risk of death andcardiovascular events可知,該研究認為,每天食用少於3000毫克的鈉對健康不利。
9. D。推理判斷題。由倒數第二段中的the new McMaster data are among the best available and that no studyhas shown a benefit from recing sodium consumption to below 2,300 milligramsa day可知,Strom支持該研究結果。
10. B。細節理解題。由最後一段可知,這些加拿大科學家建議高血壓患者適當降低鈉的攝入量。
C篇(社會)
本文是應用文。KarlaL. Miller就讀者在工作上遇到的問題給出了她的建議。
11. D。細節理解題。根據信中的my boss has freely called me ... ring my off-hours and vacation可知,Sam的老闆經常在非工作時間給他打電話或發郵件。
12. A。推理判斷題。根據Sam信中的描述,尤其是最後一段的Iam ready to lose it可知,對於老闆的行為,Sam感到很不開心。lose it情緒失控。
13. C。句意理解題。根據劃線部分下文的but then continues to contact you以及Sam信中的Each time Iask, she apologizes and stops for a while, but ... 可知,此處的意思是「你的老闆好像明白她所做的事情有些不妥,但是仍舊那樣做,即在非工作時間給員工打電話或發郵件」。
14. D。細節理解題。根據Karla L. Miller回信中的最後一段內容You could ask her ... so you can be paid for it可知,Karla建議Sam好好和老闆談談。

㈤ 高中英語閱讀理解的詞義猜測題怎麼做

閱讀理解能力測試的主要要求及應試策略 王俊 高中英語閱讀理解能力測試的主要要求: 1.讀材料的主旨和大意,以及用以說明主旨和大意的事實和細節。 2.既理解具體的事實,也理解抽象的概念。 3.既理解字面的意思,也理解深層的含義,包括作者的態度,意圖等。 4.既理解某句,某段的含義,也理解全篇的邏輯關系,並據此進行推理和判斷。 5.既能根據所提供的信息去理解,也能結合中學生應有的常識去理解。根據這五項要求,我們可將閱讀理解多項選擇題歸納為以下幾種題型:細節理解題,詞句理解題,主題、主旨題,猜測詞義題,推理判斷題。下面作者結合平時教學中的經驗體會,談一談做英語 閱讀理解題的技巧與策略。 一、 先看題干,帶著問題讀文章。 即先看試題,再讀文章。閱讀題干,首先要掌握問題的類型,分清是客觀信息題還是主觀判斷題。客觀信息題可以從文章中直接找到答案;而主觀判斷題考查的是對文章的感情基調,作者未加陳述的觀點以及貫穿全文的中心主旨的理解等,這類題必須經過對作者的態度、意圖以及對整篇文章進行深一層的推理等。其次,了解試題題干以及各個選項所包含的信息,然後有針對性地對文章進行掃讀,對有關信息進行快速定位,再將相關信息進行整合、甄別、分析、對比,有根有據地排除干擾項,選出正確答案。此法加強了閱讀的針對性,提高了做題的准確率,節省了寶貴的時間。特別適用於對 圖形表格類題材的理解。 二、 速讀全文,了解大意知主題。 閱讀的目的是獲取信息。一個人的閱讀能力的高低決定了他能否快速高效吸收有用信息。閱讀能力一般指閱讀速度和理解能力兩個方面。閱讀速度是閱讀最基本的能力。沒有一定的閱讀速度就不能順利地輸入信息,更談不上運用英語。近幾年的高考閱讀速度大約是每分鍾40個詞左右。考生必須在十分有限的時間內運用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速閱讀,搜尋關鍵詞、主題句,捕捉時空、順序、情 節、人物、觀點,並且理清文章脈絡,把握語篇實質。 抓主題句這是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。主題句一般出現在文章的開頭和結尾。用歸納法撰寫的文章,都是表述細節的句子在前,概述性的句子居後。此時主題句就是文章的最後一句。通常用演繹法撰寫的文章,大都遵循從一般到個別的寫作程序,即從概述開始,隨之輔以細說。這時,主題句就是文章的第一句。當然也有些文章沒有主題句,需要讀者自己去歸納。主題句往往對全文起提示、啟迪、概括、歸納之作用,主旨大意題,歸納概括題,中心思想題往 往直接可從主題句中找到答案。 試試看,你能找出下面一段文章的主題句嗎? The panda is a popular animal. Stories about the panda in the Washington Zoo are always front page news and important features on television newscasts. Stuffed pandas are among the most popular toys for children, and panda postcards are always in demand in zoo gift shops. 不難看出,文章的第一句是主題句,後面的句子都圍繞這個句子展 開。 三、 詳讀細節,理順思路與文章脈絡。 文章絕不是互不相乾的句子雜亂無章的堆砌。作者為文,有脈可循。如記敘文多以人物為中心,以時間或空間為線索,按事件的發生、發展、結局展開故事;論述體則包含論點、論據、結論三大要素,通過解釋、舉例來闡述觀點。你可根據文章的特點,詳讀細節,以動詞、時間、地點、事件、因果等為線索,找出關鍵詞語,運用"畫 圖列表法",勾畫出一幅完整清晰的文章主題和細節的認知圖。 例如:SEFC 3A Feed the World(2) 本文通過四個不同的國家和地區,總結了世界飢荒的主要原因。運 用圖表,文章的結構和思路就一目瞭然了。 Reasons for world hunger In EU: 1) Food is bought from farmers and thrown away. 2) Farmers are paid not to grow crops. In India: Most land is owned by rich land owners. In less developed countries: Farmers are forced to plant cash crops. In western countries: Grain is fed to beef cattle. 四、 邏輯推理,做好深層理解題。 在實際閱讀中,有時作者並未把意圖說出來,閱讀者要根據字面意思,通過語篇邏輯關系,研究細節的暗示,推敲作者的態度,理解文章的寓義。這就是通常所說的深層理解。深層理解主要包括歸納概括題(中心思想,加標題等)和推理判斷題,是閱讀理解中的難點。深層理解是一種創造性的思維活動。它必須忠實於原文;要以文章提供的事實和線索為依據,立足已知推斷未知,不能憑空想像,隨意揣測;它要求讀者對文字的表面信息進行分析、挖掘和邏輯推理,不能就事論事,以偏概全。只有吃透文章的字面意思,推理才 有前提和基礎。推理題在提問中常用的詞有: infer, imply, suggest, indicate等。例如高考題: Annealing Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. If metal is heated and then cooled very quickly, for example by dipping (浸) it in water, it will be very hard but also very brittle-that is, it will break easily. Metal that has been annealed is soft but does not break as easily. It is possible to make metal as hard or as soft as it is wished, by annealing it. The metal is heated, and allowed to cool slowly for a certain length of time. The longer the heated metal takes to cool slowly, the softer it becomes. Annealing can also be used on other material, such as glass. 1. Why do people put hot metal in water? A. To make it hard. B. To make it soft. C. To make it cool. D. To make it brittle. 2. In annealing, the required hardness of metal depends on __. A. the quantity of water used B. the temperature of the metal C. the softness of the metal D. the timing of the operation 3. As suggested by the text, how can glass be made less brittle? A. It can be heated and then cooled quickly. B. It can be cooled and then heated slowly. C. It can be heated and then cooled slowly. D. It can be cooled and then heated quickly. 1、答案為A,此題屬推斷歸納題。文中第二句說如果把金屬加熱,然後迅速放到水裡冷卻,也就會變得非常硬,但也變得脆。hard 是工藝的主觀目的。brittle是伴隨的客觀結果,故選A而不選D。B 項明顯錯誤;C項是手段不是目的,因此,都可排除。 2、答案為D,此題屬概括歸納題。timing 是時間的選擇。本答案的依據是5和6兩句,"The metal is heated,…length of time.","The longer…the softer it becomes."cool 的時間是可以控制的,時間越長越 soft,即硬度就越低。由此我們可得出結論:在退火過程 中,金屬的硬度是受到冷卻的時間長短影響的。 3、答案為C此題屬推理判斷題。文中提到"metal"。最後一句說退 火工藝同樣可用於象玻璃一類的其他材料。文中我們已知"annealing"就是先"heat"後"cool slowly"。由此推斷C是正確的。 五、 猜詞悟義,掃除閱讀攔路虎。 猜詞是應用英語的重要能力,也是高考中常用的題型。它不但需要准確無誤地理解上下文,而且要有較大的泛讀量,掌握或認識較多的課外詞彙。我們要學會"順藤摸瓜",通過構詞,語法,定義,同 位,對比,因果,常識,上下文等線索確定詞義。 a. 定義法 如:Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly.句子給予annealing 以明確的定義,即"退火"。 It will be very hard but also very brittle------that is , it will break easily.從後面的解釋中我們可以了解到brittle 是"脆"的意思。 The herdsman , who looks after sheep,earns about 650yuan a year.定語從句中 looks after sheep 就表明了 herdsman 的詞義為"牧人"。 b 同位法 如:They traveled a long way , at last got to a castle, a large building in old times.同位語部分a large building in old times 給出了 castle 的確切詞義,即"城堡"。 We are on the night shift----from midnight to 8 a.m.---this week.兩個破折號之間的短語很清楚地表明night shift 是"夜班"的意思。 c. 對比法 如:She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class. but 一詞表轉折,因此but 前後的意思正相反。後半句的意思是她今天"第一節上了一半才來",因此反向推理,可得出她平時一向"准時"的結論。 d. 構詞法(前綴、後綴、復合、派生等) Perhaps, we can see some possibilities for next fifty years. But the next hundred? possibility 是 possible 的同根名詞, 據此可以判斷定 possibility 意思是"可能性"。 e. 因果法 如:The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken。Sometimes the weakness was permanent。So the player could never play the sport again.從後面的結果"永遠不能再運動"中,可以推測 permanent 的意思為"永遠的,永久的"。 六、 養成習慣,潛移默化結碩果。 1、養成默讀習慣,使注意力集中的文字元號上,糾正唇讀,心讀,喉讀等做法,以免分散精力,影響閱讀速度。 2、克服指讀、回視、重讀等不良習慣,因為這樣容易使理解只停留在某個詞或句子上,使獲得的信息支離破碎。要善於抓住句子中的核心詞,從一個句子快速地掃視到另一個句子,進行連貫性理解。 如:"Would you like to do some shopping together with me? If you are free, please ring me back to tell me about it."這個句子,只要掃視劃線的核心詞,其語義就基本上清楚了。 英語閱讀能力的培養是一個漸進的復雜過程,要養成每天閱讀英語的習慣,循序漸進,持之以恆,精泛結合,廣泛獵奇。在潛移默化 中你會感覺到你的閱讀能力又有了長足的提高。
參考資料: http://jspd.ew.com.cn/Article_Show.asp?Pay=yes&ArticleID=33110

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