新課標英語二級閱讀理解

⑴ 求英語2013高考新課標全國卷2四篇閱讀理解翻譯，高三學黨。

第一篇
醫生是著名的糟糕「引航員」，他們不需要聽命於別人因為他們早已全部知道。我很辛運：1970年我成為了一名引航員，差不多比我從葯學院畢業早10年。我之前並沒有意識到這些，但是成為一名引航員讓我成為了一名更好的外科醫生。我喜歡飛翔。當我開著更大更快的飛機，在更為惡劣的天氣的時候，我學到了機組資源管理，或者稱為CRM，一種可以飛得更安全的方法。這意味著機組成員應該聽命並站出來為好的結果說話，忽略自己的地位
1980年我第一次接觸到CRM。那不久之後，一名主治醫師和我正在惡劣天氣中飛行。控制員讓我們准備著陸時已經太晚了。主治醫生正在飛行，我是一個保證安全的引航員，由於一個糟糕的轉彎他變得手忙腳亂，他忘記把起落架放下來。他是一個不錯的引航員——還有我的上級——所以 為他們說好話會覺得很奇怪。但是我必須這么做：我們的生命處於危險之中。我把我的不容易拋到了一邊然後說：「我們現在需要把起落架放下來！」這是我在CRM壓力下第一堂真實的課程。從那之後我就開始在手術室使用這招了。
CRM要求引航員/外科醫生鼓勵他人站出來說話。這更要求當建議來自反方時，醫生不會有可能阻止從屬醫生再次提出建議的過激反應。所以呢，當我在手術室的時候，我從他人那裡獲取想法和幫助。有時候他們不願意站出來說話，但是我希望如果我繼續鼓勵他們，有一天某個人會組織我把起落架收起來。

第二篇
1947年一群由一位澳大利亞管理者率領的來自藝術世界的名人決定在愛丁堡舉辦一場國際化的音樂、舞蹈和喜劇盛會。在第二次世界大戰之後，這個主意重組了歐洲。
在同一時間，「Fringe」這個單詞作為官方節日的挑戰出現了。1947年，在每個人都有表演的權力的信念促使下，八個戲劇團沒有被邀請，在一間廢棄了很多年的屋子裡他們也是這么做的。
很快，幾群學生先是來自愛丁堡大學的，後來是來自牛津和劍橋、達勒姆和伯明翰大學的學生，他們當時正在前往Scottish首都之旅中，每個夏天在小小的教堂里為愛丁堡人表演由不知名戲劇作者寫的戲劇。
今天， 「Fringe」，一度缺乏關注的藝術形式，已經極度地繁榮了這個包含1500多個戲劇、音樂和舞蹈表演的持續21天的節日盛會的每一天。追溯到1959年，只有19個戲劇表演團在表演，有人說它愈來愈壯大了。
1971年付費管理員才第一次被僱傭，今天八個管理員一整年都在工作，並且在八月份人數自動上升至150.2004年200個地方為來自50個不同國家600多個不同的劇團表演的1695個節目提供了場地。賣出的票超過125，000，000

第三篇
據說很多人的情緒會受巧克力的化學作用影響，巧克力店類似於中醫葯店可能只是時間的問題。這看起來就像是電影查理和巧克力工廠的背景。
新加坡的巧克力研究設備能生產100多種巧克力，它的創始人是Chris Lee， 一個成長在父母的comer 店裡，一隻手幾乎總是伸在甜品罐里的人。
如果巧克力研究設備看起來是個不錯的主意，那就是因為lee 不僅僅是有原則的銷售人員，他更是一個與很多知名公司如Levi's和Sony有貿易關系的銷售部門領袖。當開始製作不同口味的巧克力時，這個主意自然導致了工作時的想像力（？）
cpf的產品是「綠色的」。在鄉村生產並且分了十條生產線。含酒精系列產品最受歡迎。Exotic系列——用四川辣椒、紅豆、cheese和其他香料製成的——也做得很好並且嘗起來很有趣。至於chocolate snobs（自認為很懂巧克力的人），這些自認為他們比別人更了解巧克力的人，Connoisseur系列用了來自Togo, Cuba, Venezuela , and Ghana的cocoa 豆，(among others,暫未理解）

第四篇
低成本的母親節禮物

禮物第一名
主動成為你母親健康的朋友。你要承諾無論是看一個還是所有醫生，無論是一場病還是常規的葯物檢查你都會陪在她身邊。大多數的母親都會說「不需要」。當看醫生時，另一雙眼睛和耳朵總是個好主意（有人陪的意思）。最好的部分是什麼？這個是免費的。

禮物第二名
幫助你的母親整理她所有的葯物記錄，這包含檢查結果和葯物信息。把這些全部放到一個地方。確保給她列一張清單，上麵包括她吃過的所有葯以及她吃這些葯的時間。「把這些信息放在一個地方最終就會節省你母親的生命」Marie Savard醫生說。

禮物第三名
足夠的睡眠與一般的健康情況有關。「給你母親買純棉床單和舒服的枕頭來促進她的良好睡眠」， Savard說，「我們知道好的睡眠對我們的健康很重要。」

禮物第四名
一些禮物公司比如Presents for Purpose允許你在母親節取禮物前支付禮物錢，你所支付的禮物價格的百分之十將送給慈善機構。送禮物的人可以從一大堆實用但是不貴的東西中挑選——很多都是綠色的——然後從清單中選擇一個有意義的慈善機構。當你的母親收到這份禮物，她將被告知她已經幫助了一個被選擇的慈善機構。

⑵ 2019年 高考英語 新課標2 閱讀理解精析

A

OPENINGS AND PREVIEWS

Animals Out of Paper

    Yolo! Proctions and the Great Griffon獅鷲 寬純 present the play by Rajiv Joseph, in which an origami (折紙術) artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio. Merri Milwe directs. In previews. Opens Feb. 12. (West Park Presbyterian Church, 165 W. 86th St. 212-868-4444.)

The Audience

    Helen Mirren stars（star v. 擔任主角）  in the play by Peter Morgan, about Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ of the UK and her private meetings私人嫌液會議  with twelve Prime Ministers 首相大臣  in the course of 在...期間  sixty years. Stephen Daldry directs. Also starring Dylan Baker and Judith Ivey, Previews begin Feb. 14. (Schoenfeld, 236 W. 45th St. 212-239-6200.)

Hamilton

    Lin-Manuel Miranda wrote this musical 音樂劇  about Alexander Hamilton, in which the birth of America is presented as an immigrant 外來移民的  story. Thomas Kail directs. In previews. Opens Feb. 17. (Public, 425 Lafayette St. 212-967-7555.)

On the Twentieth Century

    Kristin Chenoweth and Peter Gallagher star in the musical comedy by Betty Comden and Adolph Green, about a Broadway 百老匯  procer who tries to win a movie star's love ring a cross-country train journey. Scott Ellis directs, for Roundabout Theatre Company. Previews begin Feb. 12. (American Airlines Theatre.227. W. 42nd St. 212-719-1300.)

B

    For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration激勵,鼓舞 for Western creativity.

    " It's nо secret that China has always been а source (來源) оf inspiration fоr designers," says Amanda Hill, a chief creative officer at A+E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion (時尚) shows .

 芹巧物   Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art 藝術品 , with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics (美學) on Western fashion and how China has fueled（fuel v. 加強,刺激） the fashionable imagination for centuries. The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.

    "China is impossible to overlook," says Hill. "Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns 運動,活動  that sell dreams to women all over the world , which means Chinese women are not just不僅僅  consumers of fashion — they are central to its movement." Of course , not only are today's top Western designers being influenced by China — some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese. "Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on（take on sth 接管） Galliano, Albaz, Mare Jacobs — and beating them hands down（beat sb hands down 輕松擊敗某人）  in design and sales," adds Hill.

    For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion. "The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models , and s o are the consumers（so be/do/have/情態動詞 sb/sth. ...也是）, " she says. "China is no longer just  不再僅僅是 another market; in many senses（在很多意義上） , it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China — its influences, its direction, its breathtaking（breathtaking adj. 激動人心的） clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging 承認,認可 that in many ways ."

C

    Before the 1830s, most newspapers were sold through annual subscriptions in America, usually $8 to $10 a year. Today $8 or $10 seems a small amount of money , but at that time these amounts were forbidding（forbidding adj. 可怕的，令人生畏的）  to most citizens. Accordingly 於是, newspapers were read almost only by rich people in politics or the trades. In addition , most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to（sth appeal to sb. 對...有吸引力；使感興趣） a mass audience. They were ll and visually forbidding. But the revolution that was taking place（take place 發生） in the 1830s would change all that.

    The trend, then, was toward the "penny paper" — a term referring to（refer to sth. 提到,談到）  papers made widely available to the public. It meant any inexpensive newspaper; perhaps more importantly it meant newspapers that could be bought in single copies on the street .

    This development did not take place overnight . It had been possible (but not easy) to buy single copies of newspapers before 1830, but this usually meant the reader had to go down to（go down to sw. 去往某地）  the printer's office to purchase a . Street sales were almost unknown. However, within a few years , street sales of newspapers would be commonplace 普遍的  in eastern cities. At first , the price of single copies was seldom a penny — usually, two or three cents was charged（charge v. 收費，要價） — and some of the older well-known papers charged five or six cents. But the phrase "penny paper" caught the public's fancy（catch/take sb's fancy 吸引某人，中某人的意） , and soon there would be papers that did indeed sell for only a penny.

    This new trend of newspapers for "the man on the street" did not begin well. Some of the early ventures (企業 ) were immediate failures . Publishers already in business在營業中 , people who were owners of successful papers, had little desire to change the tradition. It took a few youthful and daring（daring adj. 勇敢的,敢於冒險的）  businessmen to get the ball rolling（set/start/get the ball rolling 著手做，開始做，帶頭做）.

D

    Monkeys seem to have a way with numbers.

    A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of（consist of sth 由...構成）  numbers and selective letters with 0-25 drops of water or juice as a reward. The researchers then tested how the monkeys combined — or added — the symbols to get the reward.

    Here's how Harvard Medical School scientist Margaret Livingstone, who led the team, described the experiment: In their cages, the monkeys were provided with touch screens. On one part of the screen, a symbol would appear, and on the other side, two symbols inside a circle were shown. For example, the number 7 would flash（flash v. 快速地顯示）  on one side of the screen and the other end would have 9 and 8. If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen, they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice; if they went for the circle, they would be rewarded with the sum of the numbers — 17 in this example.

    After running hundreds of 數以百計的  tests, the researchers noted 指出,留意到  that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination.

    When the team examined the results of the experiment more closely, they noticed that the monkeys tended to（tend to do sth 傾向於做某事）  underestimate (低估) a sum compared with a single symbol when the two were close in value — sometimes choosing, for example , a 13 over the sum of 8 and 6. The underestimation was systematic 有條理的，成體系的 : When adding two numbers, the monkeys always paid attention to the larger of the two and then added only a fraction (小部分) of the smaller number to it.

    "This indicates 顯示  that there is a certain way quantity is represented in their brains," Dr. Livingstone says. "But in this experiment what they're doing is paying more attention to the big number than the little one." （pay attention to sth）

⑶ 閱讀理解 公共英語二級

12 the farther the sight,the near the rain ,你看的越遠，雨離你越近。當然選 c 視力。
13 a b c 分別描述了 視覺 味覺 聽覺 預測天氣。當然 a b c 都是正確的。
14 正確答案應該是 B odor 氣味的意思。

⑷ 2020年高考英語全國卷2 - 閱讀理解B

Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.
一些家長只要認為對孩子有益，他們就會購買任何高科技玩具，但研究人員認為拼圖有助於提高孩子們的數學相關技能。

Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition after controlling for differences in parents』 income, ecation and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.
芝加哥大學兒童數學發展專家心理學家蘇珊·萊文發現，在2歲到4歲之間玩拼圖游戲的孩子們隨後會發展出更好的空間技能。萊文說，在避免了父母收入、教育程度和父母交談量的差異後，拼圖游戲被認為是認知能力的一個重要預測因素。

The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs ring everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.
研究人員分析了53對父母與子女在家庭日常活動中的視頻記錄，發現26至46個月之間玩拼圖游戲的孩子在54個月大時空間技能更好。

「The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate and translate shapes,」 Levine said in a statement.
「玩拼圖游戲的孩子在評估他們旋轉和變換形狀能力要比沒有玩拼圖游戲的孩子好，」萊文在一份聲明中說。

The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of children in the study played with puzzles at one time. Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills. However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active ring puzzle play than parents of girls.
研究人員要求父母像平時一樣與孩子互動，研究中約有一半的孩子曾玩過拼圖游戲。高收入的父母往往讓孩子多玩些拼圖，玩拼圖的男孩和女孩都會有更好的空間技能。不過，男孩往往玩的拼圖比女孩的更復雜，男孩的父母在玩拼圖游戲時比女孩的父母提供了更多的空間語言，也更活躍。

The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science .
研究結果發表在《發展科學》雜志上。

⑸ 3月公共英語二級閱讀理解真題解析

2015年3月公共英語二級閱讀理解真題解析

明天就是公共英語三級考試開考的時間的，本次公共英語三級考試的級別是一到三級。下面是我整理的公共英語二級2015年的閱讀理解真題，歡迎閱讀!

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的[A]、[B]、[C]和[D]四個選項中，選出最佳選項，並在答題卡上將該項塗黑。

Text 1

William Kunz is a computer genius(天才).When he was just 11, Kunz started writing soft-ware programs, and by 14 he had worked out his own computer game.As a high school first-yearstudent in Houston, Texas, he won first prize in a science fair for a program he wrote.In his thirdyear, he took top prize in an international science and engineering fair for designing a program toanalyze and sort DNA patterns.

Kunz went to attend Carnegie Mellon, one of the nation' s highest-ranked universities in computer science.After college he got a job with Oracle in Silicon Valley, writing software used bycompanies around the world.

Three years later, Kunz is in his first year at Harvard Business School.He left software engineering partly because he earned much less than his friends who were going into law or business.

He also worried about job security(保障), especially as more companies move their programmingoutside the country to lower costs.

56.What does the first paragraph mainly tell us?

A.Kunz won several top prizes.

B.Kunz liked taking part in fairs.

C.Kunz designed several programs.

D.Kunz had a gift for programming.

57.What did Kunz study in Carnegie Mellon?

A.Business.

B.Engineering.

C.International law.

D.Computer science.

58.Why did Kunz decide to go to Harvard Business School?

A.to get a secured and better paid job.

B.to improve his working conditions.

C.to start a business with his friends.

D.to go outside the country to work.

原文翻譯及答案解析

威廉·庫茲是一個計算機天才。當他只有11歲的時候，庫茲就開始編寫軟體程序，到l4歲的時候他已經開發出了自己的電腦游戲。作為德克薩斯州休斯敦的一位高中一年級學生，他編的程序在一次科學展覽會中獲得了一等獎。高三時，在一次國際科學和工程學展覽會中他因為設計出能夠分析和分類DNA模式的程序而獲得最高獎。庫茲上了卡內基梅隆大學，這是全美計算機科學領域最好的大學之一。大學畢業後，他在矽谷的Oracle工作，編寫一些全世界許多公司都使用的軟體。

三年後，庫茲在哈佛商學院就讀一年級。他離開軟體工程領域一部分原因是他所賺的錢比他那些從事法律和商業的朋友們少得多。他也很擔心工作保障，尤其是當更多的公司為了降低費用而把他們的編程公司搬往美國以外的地方時。

56.D【精析】細節題。題干意為“第一段主要告訴我們什麼?”本文第一段列舉的各個例子都想告訴我們，庫茲在編程方面很有天賦。故D正確。

52.D【精析】細節題。題干意為“庫茲在卡內基梅隆大學學的是什麼?”從本文的第二段的第一句“…one of the nation’s highestranked universities in computer seienee.”可知，他學的是計算機科學，故D正確。

58.A【精析】細節題。題干意為“庫茲為什麼決定上哈佛商學院?”本文的最後一段告訴我們他後來去讀哈佛商學院是因為他所賺的錢比他那些從事法律和商業的朋友們少得多。他也很擔心工作保障，尤其是當更多的.公司為了降低費用而把他們的公司搬往美國。

Text 2

Can you imagine life without French fries(炸薯條) ? Potatoes are very popular today.But inthe past this was not true.Potatoes grew in south America five thousand years' ago.But they onlybecame popular in other places two hundred years ago.

In the 1500s, the spanish took the potato from south America to Europe.But the people inEurope did not like this strange vegetable.some people thought that if you ate potatoes your skinwould look like the skin of a potato.Other people could not believe that you ate the undergroundpart of the plant.so they ate the leaves instead.This made them sick because there is poison (毒性) in the leaves.

In the 1800s, people in other parts of the world started to eat potatoes.In Ireland, potatoes became the main food.Then, in 1845, a disease killed all the potatoes in Ireland.Two million people died of hunger.

Today, each country has its own potato dish.The German people eat potato salad, and theUnited States has the baked potato.And, of course, the French invented French fries, which arenow popular all over the world.

59.When did potatoes get well-known outside south America?

A.About 200 years ago.

B.About 300 years ago.

C.About 400 years ago.

D.About 500 years ago.

60.Why did some Europeans refuse to eat potatoes at first?

A.They did not trust the Spanish people then.

B.They were afraid of the poison in potatoes.

C.They were afraid it would cause skin problem.

D.They had never eaten food from abroad before.

61.Why did two million people died in Ireland in 18457

A.They had nothing to eat.

B.They ate the bad potatoes.

C.They ate the potato leaves.

D.They got a terrible disease.

62.What do we know from the last paragraph?

A.Baked potatoes are popular now.

B.People cook potatoes differently.

C.Potatoes are expensive nowadays.

D.The French eat potato dishes most.

原文翻譯及答案解析

你能想像沒有炸薯條的生活嗎?當今薯條很受歡迎。但是過去並非如此。五千年前土豆生長在南美。但是直到兩百年前土豆才在別的地方流行起來。

十六世紀，西班牙人把土豆從南美帶到了歐洲。但是歐洲人們並不喜歡這種奇怪的蔬菜。一些人認為如果你吃土豆，你的皮膚會看起來像土豆。另一些人無法相信植物長在地下的那一部分也可以吃。因此他們吃土豆的葉子。因為土豆葉子有毒，所以他們都病倒了。十九世紀，世界其他地方的人開始吃土豆。在愛爾蘭，土豆成了人們的主食。然後，在1845年，一種疾病殺死了愛爾蘭所有的土豆。這使得兩百萬人死於飢餓。

當今，在每個國家都有土豆做成的菜餚。德國人吃土豆沙拉，美國人吃烤土豆。當然法國人發明了薯條，而現在薯條在全世界都很受歡迎。

59.A【精析】細節題。題干意為“土豆是什麼時候開始在南美以外的地方流行的?”從本文第一段的最後一句“But they only became popular in other places two hundred years ago.”可知，直到兩百年前土豆才在別的地方流行起來，故A正確。

60.C【精析】細節題。題干意為“為什麼某些歐洲人最初拒絕吃土豆?”從文章第二段第三句“some people thought that if you ate pota—toes your skin would look like tlle skin of a potato.”可知，一些人認為如果你吃土豆，你的皮膚會看起來像土豆，故C正確。

61.A【精析】細節題。題干意為“在1845年，愛爾蘭為什麼會有兩百萬人死去?”從文章第三段第三、四句“Then，in l845，a disease killedall tlle potmoes in Ireland.Two million people died of hunger.”可知，1845年，一場疾病殺死了愛爾蘭所有的土豆，這使得兩百萬人死於飢餓，故A正確。

62.B【精析】推理題。題干意為“從最後一段，我們可以得出什麼?”由最後一段可知，土豆在各個國家都是一道菜，但是做法不同，故B正確。

Text 3

There are a growing number of pet owners who feed pets on raw, which means, "uncooked"

meat and bones.William Burk, a pet food specialist from the Food and Drug Administration(FDA), believes that feeding raw meat to pets is against its goal of protecting the public fromhealth dangers; besides, raw meat and bones do not have all the required nutrition (營養) that a petneeds every day.

Recognizing how popular these foods are, the FDA has provided guidelines for procers ofpet foods that contain uncooked meat for dogs, cats, and other pets.The guidelines give rules toprotect pet owners and pets from dangers about food safety and lack of nutrition.

Pet owners who feed raw meat and bones should deal with these procts very carefully toprotect themselves against possible dangers, says Burk.Just as when preparing foods for humans,use hot water and soap to wash hands, containers, and surfaces that come into contact(接觸) withthe food.Don' t put your hands near your mouth until you' ve washed them, and don' t allow yourpet to touch your face right after it has eaten meat.

If owners choose to feed bones to their pets, they should watch their pet carefully when it iseating bones.Burk also says, "If the pet eats a big piece of bone that won' t pass through the digestive system(消化系統), it could kill the pet."

63.What does William Burk think of feeding pets on raw?

A.It'll make the pet owners sick.

B.It' 11 cause the death of other pets.

C.It' s against the policy of the FDA.

D.It' s dangerous and lack of nutrition.

64.Wiry did the FDA provide guidelines for procers of pet foods with raw meat?

A.The quality of pet foods has dropped.

B.Most pets have been lack of nutrition.

C.Pet safety has become a serious problem.

D.Feeding pets on raw has become popular.

65.Those who feed pets on raw should do all the necessary cleaning when

A.preparing raw meat for pets

B.preparing foods for humans

C.touching the food containers

D.bringing your pets for a walk

66.What advice is given to pet owners in the last paragraph? A.Pets should be kept away from raw meat.

B.Pets should be watched when eating bones.

C.Pets should be fed with small pieces of bone.

D.Pets should be checked on the digestive system.

原文翻譯及答案解析

有越來越多的寵物主人用未加工的，也就是未煮過的肉和骨頭來喂他們的寵物。威廉·伯克，一位來自美國食品與葯品管理局的寵物食品專家，認為用未經加工的肉喂寵物違背了保護公眾防止其受到健康威脅的目標。此外，未經加工的肉和骨頭不能提供寵物每天所需的所有營養物質。

知道這些食物有多麼受歡迎之後，美國食品與葯品管理局為寵物食品的生產商們提供了指導方針，這些食品包括狗、貓和其他寵物吃的未經加工的肉。這些指導方針列出了一些規則來保護寵物主人和寵物以免遭受有關食品安全和缺乏營養的危險。

伯克說，喂未經加工的肉和骨頭的寵物主人應該非常小心地處理這些食品以保護自己免遭可能的危險。正如為人類做飯一樣，要用熱水和肥皂去洗手、洗容器，並洗一些可能與食物有接觸的表面。洗手之前不要把手放在嘴邊，在寵物剛剛吃過肉之後不要讓寵物碰到你的臉。如果主人選擇喂寵物骨頭，那麼在寵物吃骨頭時，一定要在旁邊看著。伯克還說，“如果寵物吃一大塊不能通過它的消化系統的骨頭的話，那會要了它的命。”

63.D【精析】推理題。題干意為“威廉·伯克如何看待喂寵物未煮熟的東西這件事?”由本文第一段可知，伯克認為用未經加工的肉喂寵物有違保護公眾防止遭到健康威脅的目標。此外，未經加工的肉和骨頭不能提供給寵物們所有它們所需要的營養物質，故D正確。

64.D【精柝】推理題。題干意為“為什麼美國食品與葯品管理局為寵物食品的生產商提供指導方針?”由本文第二段可知，知道這些食物有多麼受歡迎之後，美國食品與葯品管理局為寵物食品的生產商們提供指導方針，這些食品包括狗、貓和其他寵物吃的未經加工的肉。這些指導方針列出了一些規則保護寵物主人和寵物以免遭受有關食品安全和缺乏營養的危險，故D正確。

65.A【精析】推理題。題干意為“那些喂寵物吃沒有經過加工的食物的主人們需要在什麼時候做些必要的清理?”由本文第三段可知，喂未經加工的肉和骨頭的寵物主人應該非常小心地處理這些食品以保護自己免遭可能的危險。正如為人類做飯一樣，要用熱水和肥皂去洗手、洗容器，並洗一些可能與食物有接觸的表面。洗手之前不要把手放在嘴邊，在寵物剛剛吃過肉之後不要讓寵物碰到你的臉，故A正確。

66.B【精析】細節題。題干意為“最後一段作者給寵物主人什麼建議?”根據文章最後一段第一句“…they should watch their pet carefully when it is eating bones.”可知，在寵物吃骨頭時，主人一定要在旁邊看著，故B正確。

Text 4

There are some objects in the sky that move so quickly that sometimes you only see them outof the comer of your eye.These are some of the huge number of bits of rock and st that are floating around in space, called meteoroids.Normally, we cannot see them at all, but if they travel tooclose to the Earth, they get caught by the pull of the Earth, and begin to fall towards us.They fallfaster and faster, until they hit our atmosphere (大氣層), by which time they are going so fast thatthey begin to bum up, and all that you see is a flash of light that moves very quickly across the skyand disappears.These shooting stars, or meteors as they are properly called, are quite common,and sometimes you may see several in a night.

Most meteoroids are very small bits indeed, and they bum up long before they get to theEarth.However, a very few do manage to get all the way through the atmosphere, and actually fallto the ground.usually they do not do much damage, although this is not always the case.

Meteoroids that actually manage to reach the Earth are called meteorites.Most countries haveplaces where meteorites have struck the Earth.some of these places are very large indeed and aretourist attractions.

67.Why do some objects from outer space fall to the ground?

A.They are too big.

B.They are hit by huge rocks.

C.They move too fast.

D.They are pulled by the Earth.

68.What do we know about meteors from the text?

A.They become a star in the sky.

B.They are too small to be seen.

C.They disappear very quickly.

D.They do damage to the Earth.

69.What happens to most meteoroids coming into the atmosphere?

A.They bum up.

B.They fall to earth.

C.They explode.

D.The float in the air.

70.The word "meteorites"( Line 1, Para.3)refers to pieces of rock that

A.move fast in outer space

B .have been found at a tourist centre

C.flash through space at a high speed

D.have fallen onto the Earth from space

原文翻譯及答案解析

天空中許多物體移動速度如此之快,以至於有時它們在你眼前轉瞬即逝.它們是漂浮在空中被稱為流星體的許多巨大的岩石和灰塵的碎片.通常我們根本看不見它們,但是如果它們太靠近地球,就會被地球引力吸住,開始向我們掉落.它們下降的速度越來越快,直到它們穿過大氣層,那時它們的速度如此之快以至於它們開始燃燒,你所能看到的只是一道光劃過天空,然後消失不見.這些疾馳的星星,或稱流星(他們恰當的稱謂),是十分常見的.有時候一晚上就可以看見好幾個.

事實上大多數流星體都非常小,在它們到達地球之前就已經燃燒了很久.然而只有很少的能夠一路穿過大氣層,真正地掉落到地面.通常它們不會造成什麼傷害,雖然也有例外.

真的到達地面的流星被稱為隕石.大多數國家都有一些地方有隕石掉落.事實上某些地方的隕石如此之大,已經成了旅遊景點.

67.D【精析】細節題.題干意為“為什麼外太空的一些物體會掉落到地面?”根據文章第一段第三句“Normally,we cannot see them at a11.but if they travel too close to the Earth.they get caught by the pull of the Earth,and begin to fall towards US.”可知,作者認為通常我們根本看不見它們,但是如果它們太靠近地球,它們就會被地球引力吸住,開始向我們掉落,故D正確.

68.C【精析】細節題.題干意為“從文中我們對流星有哪些了解?”從文章第一段第四句話可知,那時它們的速度如此之快以至於它們開始燃燒,你所能看到的只是一道光劃過天空,然後消失不見.由此推出,流星消失得非常快,故C正確.

69.A【精析】推理題.題干意為“大部分流星在穿過大氣層時會發生什麼?”由文章第一段可知,那時它們的速度如此之快以至於它們開始燃燒,你所能看到的只是一道光劃過天空,然後消失不見.由此推出,流星穿過大氣層時會燃燒,故A正確.

70.D【精析】細節題.題干意為“‘meteorites’(第三段第一行)是指那些__________的石頭碎片.”根據本文第三段第一句話“Meteoroids that actually manage to reach the Earth are called meteorites.”可知,真的到達地面的流星被稱為隕石,故D正確.

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⑹ 《義務教育英語課程標准》（2022版）Day4

（文  劉俊芳）

Many a little makes a mickle.積少成多，積沙成塔。

閱讀內容：P22-P34

【導讀問題】

️一、請大家認真閱讀並學習語言知識中的語篇知識、語用知識兩個方面的概念以及表格中的具體要求。

        語篇知識是有關語篇如何構成，如何表達意義以及人們如何使用語篇達到交際目的的知識。

        語用知識指在特定語境中准確理解他人和得體表達自己的知識。

二、語言技能分為哪兩個方面的技能？請大家重點關注一級，一級+，二級及二級+的具體要求。

      語言技能分理解性技能（聽、讀、看）和表達性技能（說、寫）。

      （ 在理解性技能方面，我發現：一級、一級+的內容要求中有這樣兩條「課外試聽活動每周不少於30分鍾。」「課外閱讀量累計達到1500～2000詞。」 二級、二級+的課外閱讀量則高達「4000～5000詞」。這樣的課外試聽訓練和閱讀訓練我們的學生目前根本無法做到。在沒有專門的課外閱讀書籍的情況下，作為教師，我們怎麼引導學生多聽多讀？

        一、我們的「學習與鞏固」上、報紙上有一些聽力板塊和閱讀板塊，除了作為課堂訓練素材外，也可以作為課外試聽、閱讀的材料。二、盡可能地為學生推薦一些適合他們的英文繪本、英文動畫電影等，供學生有選擇性地學習。同時，定期舉辦觀影、閱讀交流活動，促進更多有條件、有能力又有興趣的學生參與進來。）

      （ 作為小學生家長，我們又怎樣幫助孩子加強英語課外閱讀訓搏中練呢？首先我們應為孩子挑選購買適合的英語繪本，在孩子學習之餘，尤其是在星期天、節假日、寒暑假，陪伴孩子閱讀或親子閱讀，培養孩子的閱讀興趣。有了閱讀的興趣，孩子就會願意主動閱讀。當然，最開始應以興趣培養為主，少約束，少關注生詞。有些詞彙大量反復出現，孩子就會在圖畫的幫助下理解或有積極的意願去學習。等孩子有了一定的英語閱讀能力和水平，我們就可以循序漸進地提高閱讀的難度和深度。

      我的孩子現在上三年級，目基清山前，我為她准備的英文繪本主要是外研社的正埋麗聲北極星分級繪本，與現行人教版教材配套，難度不高。家裡也有適合初中生閱讀的書蟲系列書籍。相信她將來可以用得上。）

三、學習策略主要包括哪幾個方面？每一種學習策略的側重點又都是什麼？每一級在各個策略方面的側重點有所不同，請大家在閱讀表格當中的重點關注。同時，注重策略間的關聯性和遞進性。

      學習策略包括元認知策略、認知策略、交際策略和情感策略。

      元認知策略有助於學生計劃、監控、評價、反思和調整學習過程，提升自主學習能力。

      認知策略有助於學生採用適宜的學習方式、方法和技術加工語言信息，提高學習效率。

      交際策略有助於學生發起、維持交際，提高交際效果。

      情感策略有助於學生調控學習情緒，保持積極的學習態度。