高考英語閱讀理解猜詞義
Ⅰ 英語閱讀時如何推測生詞詞義
實踐證明，根據自己的英語基礎和興趣愛好選擇恰當的材料，進行大量的閱讀是學好英語的有效途徑。但是，閱讀中不免會遇到生詞或熟詞生義，不可能也沒有必要每個生詞都去插詞典，這就需要掌握猜測詞義的方法和技巧了。這里總結了17種詞義推測的方法或技巧，但願能對你有所幫助。
1. 根據轉折關系 ：表示轉折關系的有though, but、however等。例如：
Any fool can make soap, but it takes a genius to sell it. (廣東卷)
由but可知genius是與fool(蠢才)相對的，由此推測其意為「有才能的人」、「天才」。
2. 根據對比關系 ：表示對比關系的有標志詞有unlike、not、while、on the other hand, in spite of、in contrast等。例如：
If you agree, say 「Yes」; if you dissent, say 「No」.
根據前後的對比關系，不難猜出dissent是意思與agree相反，即：「不同意」。
3. 根據同類關系 ：比較關系表示意義上的相似關系。表示比較關系的詞和短語有similarly，like，just as，also等。例如：
Mr. Green loves to talk，and his brothers are similarly loquacious.
句中similarly表明loves to talk與生詞loquacious之間是同類關系。由此可以推斷出loquacious詞義為「健談的」。
4. 根據因果關系 ：表示因果關系的有because, so that, so/such…that…等。例如：
The flowers in the vase withered because they had no water.
由「無雨水」之因，可推知花會「枯萎、凋謝」之果。因此，wither意為「枯萎、凋謝」。
5. 根據同位關系 : 因為同位語是對前面的名詞的進一步補充說明，提供更為詳細的情況，所以根據同位語也可推測前面名詞的意思。例如：
Yes, that is the Tai Mahal, one of the most famous buildings in the world. (全國卷)
由後面的同位語的解釋我們清楚地知道Tai Mahal就是一著名的建築物。
6. 根據並列關系 ：一般由and, or等表示並列關系。例如：
In the ancient city of Rome, we visited every mansion, battle site, theatre and other public halls.
因為mansion與「戰場遺址」、「劇院」、「其它公眾廳」並列，所以mansion也應該屬於建築物或場所。
7. 根據比喻關系 ：一般由as…as, like等表示。例如：
The hot-air balloon took off. It was as buoyant in the air as a rose leaf in water.
根據「就像水中的玫瑰葉」這樣的比喻可知，buoyant是「飄浮的」之意。
8. 根據定義關系 ：定義句的謂語動詞多為be, mean, be considered, refer to, be called, be known as等。
Sociology is the term used to describe the scientific study of human society.
根據「是用來描述人類社會的科學研究的術語」的定義，可知sociology是「社會學」之意。
9. 根據所舉實例 ：一般由for example, such as, like等來表示舉例。例如：
Many United Nations employees are polyglot. Ms White, for example, speaks six languages.
由所舉實例,不難推出polyglot的意思是「懂多種語言的」。
10. 根據同義關系 ：根據生詞所處語境中的同義或近義詞的.意思來推測它的意思。
Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. They also regard drinking as harmful.
由語境可知， detrimental與harmful同義，意為「不利的，有害的」。
11. 根據轉換說法 ：插入語that is, that is to say, in other words以及namely, i.e., or等都可以用來對前面的內容進行解釋，意為「也就是說、即」。
The cinema is only open to alts, i.e. people over 18.
根據people over 18可知，alt是「成年人」之意。
12. 根據標點符號 ：冒號、破折號、括弧等都可表示對前文的解釋或說明。例如：
New houses, large schools, modern factories, more horses and sheep — everywhere we saw signs of prosperity.
根據破折號前面的具體描述，可猜測prosperity 意為「繁榮」。
13. 根據定語從句 ：由生詞後起修飾限制或起補充說明的定語從句推測其意思。例如：
Jack is now a florist, who keeps a shop for selling flowers in our district.
由後面起補充作用的非限制性定語從句可推知生詞florist是「花店主」之意。
14. 根據邏輯推理 ：根據生詞前後的搭配關系和上下文的意思等來推測其意思。
Although the fisherman was wearing sou』wester, the storm was so heavy that he was wet through.
因生詞sou』wester是wear的賓語，應當是一種「衣」或「帽」，又由although和後面一個分句，可以推知它是指「防雨的衣」。
15. 根據單詞發音 ：有的英語詞彙是通過音譯進入漢語詞彙中的，我們可以根據其讀音來理解其意思。如：aspirin(阿斯匹林), nylon(尼龍), Olympic(奧林匹克), sofa(沙發), typhoon (台風)等。
16. 根據生活常識 ：有時根據生活經驗和基本常識可以推測出生詞的意思。
The snake slithered through the grass.
根據有關蛇的生活習性的知識，我們可以推斷出slither的詞義為「爬行」。
17. 根據構詞方法 ：根據前綴、後綴、合成、轉換等構詞法來推測生詞的意思。
After just a few days on the job, I began noticing that the other fellows were overcharging pas-sengers. (廣東卷)
因同學們學過charge(收費、要價)，根據前綴over-的意思「過多、過分」，可推知overcharge是「索價太高」之意。
盡管我們介紹了這么多的生詞猜測方法，但是，值得一提的是，我們閱讀的目的在於理解文章的意思，從中享受快樂或者獲取信息。那些並不影響對整篇文章的理解的生詞，我們大可不必費太多的時間去猜測它們的意思，以免影響閱讀的興致。
Ⅱ 如何做好英語閱讀理解詞義猜測題
猜測詞義題
在閱讀中我們經常會遇到許多生詞。這時許多同學立即翻閱詞典，查找詞義。這樣做不但費時費力，而且影響閱讀速度、影響對語篇的整體把握。事實上，閱讀材料中的每個詞與它前後的詞語或句子甚至段落都有聯系。我們可以利用語境（各種已知信息）推測、判斷某些生詞的詞義。近年來全國統一高考中加大了對考生猜詞義能力的考查，因此，掌握一定的猜詞技巧，對突破高考閱讀理解、提高我們的英語語言能力都有非常重要的意義。
常見的題干有：
1) Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word？
2) The word... could best be replaced by.
3) In the... paragraph, the word... means (refers to).
4) According to the passage,... probably means.
5) The author uses the word... to mean.
猜測詞義時，一般可利用以下四個方面的線索：
一是針對性的解釋
針對性解釋是作者為了更好的表達思想，在文章中對一些重要的概念、難懂的術語或高深的詞彙等所做的通俗化的解釋。這些解釋提供的信息明確具體，所使用的語言通俗易懂，利用它們來猜測詞義就非常簡單。
1.根據定義（definition）猜測詞義
如果生詞有一個句子（定語從句或是同位語<同位語前常有 that="" is="" to="" in="" other="" or="" i.g.="">或是同位語從句）或段落來定義,或使用破折號，冒號，分號後的內容和引號括弧中的內容加以解釋和定義，那麼理解這個句子或段落本身就是推斷詞義。定義常用的謂語動詞多為：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, be called, define, represent, refer to, signify 等。
例1.Do you know what a territory is ? A territory is an area that an animal ,usually the male, claims（聲稱）as its own.（2005年湖北卷）
[分析]由定義可推知，這里territory指的是：動物的地盤。
例2.In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today．（2005年浙江卷）
[分析]由同位語an endangered wild cat我們很快猜出生詞ocelots的義域：一種瀕臨滅絕野貓。
例3. Here is The Pines ,whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou ,wild boar ,and reindeer with surprising sauces . （2004年福建卷）
According to the passage ,The Pines is a .
A．place in which you can see many mobile homes
B．mountain where you can get a good view of the valley
C．town which happens to be near the Banff National Park
D．restaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food
[分析]通過whose引導的定語從句，我們可以推測到：The Pines 是一家餐館的名字，由此不難推出理解題的答案為：D。
2.根據舉例猜測詞義
恰當的舉例能夠提供猜測生詞的重要線索。
例4. The course gives you chances to know great power polities between nation states. It will provide more space to study particular issues such as relationship among countries in the European Union, third world debt, local and international disagreement, and the work of such international bodies as the United Nations, the European Union, NATO, and the World Bank.（2004年遼寧卷）
[分析]根據such as 後面列舉的一系列例子，我們應該能推斷出句中的issue 是指議題。
二是內在邏輯關系
根據內在邏輯關系推測詞義是指應用語言知識分析和判斷相關信息之間存在的邏輯關系，然後根據邏輯聯系推斷生詞詞義或大致義域。
1.根據對比、比較關系猜測詞義
在一個句子或段落中，有對兩個事物或現象進行對比性的描述，我們可以根據生詞的反義詞猜測其詞義。表示對比關系的詞彙和短語主要有：unlike, not, but, however, despite, in spite of, in contrast 等。表示對比關系的句子結構：while 引導的並列句。同對比關系相反，比較關系表示意義上的相似關系。表示比較關系的詞和短語主要有：similarly, like, just as, also, as well as 等。
例5.A childs birthday party doesnt have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun.
What does the underlined word hassle (paragraph 1) probably mean? （2002年NMET）
A.a party designed by specialists B.a plan requiring careful thought
C.a situation causing difficulty or trouble D.a demand made by guests
[分析]根據對比關系，這里hassle 和 a basket of fun 是相反的意義，很容易判斷理解題的答案為C。
例6.Green loves to talk, and his brothers are similarly loquacious.
該句中副詞similarly表明短語loves to talk和loquacious 之間的比較關系，其意義相近。由此我們可推斷出loquacious的意思是健談的。
2.根據因果關系猜測詞義
在句子或段落中，若兩個事物現象之間構成因果關系，我們可以根據這種邏輯關系推測生詞詞義。
例7.feel that since you are my superior , it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do .
（2005年上海卷）
The word presumptuous in the middle of the passage is closest in meaning to .
A．full of respect B．too confident and rude C．lacking in experience D．too shy and quiet
[分析]根據since 引導的原因狀語從句的內容（既然你是我的上司），我們可以推斷這里presumptuous的意思是：冒失的，放肆的意思，後半句的意思是：我告訴你怎麼做會是一種放肆/冒失的行為。對應的理解題答案為：B。
例8.Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots,or young leaves.（2005年江西卷）
根據原因狀語從句的內容，我們可以判斷Pruning的意思是：修剪（樹枝等）的意思。
3.根據說明、並列、同等同義近義、、反義等關系猜測詞義
在句子或段落中，我們可以利用熟悉的詞語，根據語言環境所表面的關系猜測詞義。
例9.William Shakespeare said. The web of our life is of a mingled yarn（紗線），good and ill together. （2005年江蘇卷）
The underlined word mingled in the last paragraph most probably means .
A．simple B．mixed C．sad D．happy
[分析]句中good and ill together 更具體地說明了a mingled yarn的意義，據此我們不難推測mingled的意思是：混合的，交織的。
例10.Is it possible to beat high blood pressure without drugs ? The answer is yes, according to the researchers at Johns Hopkins and three other medical centers. （2004年湖北卷）
[分析]根據and three other medical centers 這種並列關系，我們很容易推斷出：Johns Hopkins是一家醫療中心。
例11.There is no reason to insult and defame the man simply because you do not agree with him.
[分析]根據與insult侮辱的同等關系猜測defame為詆毀 ，中傷或誹謗
例12.The game Americans call soccer is known around the world as football.
[分析]運用與football的同義關系推斷為足球。
例13.The house stood at the end of a quiet neat street. The little dwelling,however,looked neglected and cheerless.
[分析]運用與The house近義關系可以推斷dwelling與住所有關
例14.Most women in China ---ecated and illiterated, urban and rural, the young and old-----work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers.
[分析]後面的urban and rural, the young and old之間都有反義關系，運用這個關系可以推斷illiterated為未接受過教育的，即文盲
三是通過構詞法
在猜測詞義過程中，我們還可以依靠構詞法方面的知識，從生詞本身猜測詞義。
1.根據前綴猜測詞義
例15.Do you have any strong opinion on co-ecational or single-sex schools?
根據詞根ecational （教育的），結合前綴co-（共同，一起），我們便可以猜出co-ecational的意思是：男女同校教育的意思。（2005年江西卷）
2.根據後綴猜測詞義
例16. It's a quiet, comfortable hotel overlooking (俯瞰) the bay in an uncommercialized Cornish fishing village on England's most southerly point．（2005年廣東卷）
後綴 -ise/ize意思是使成為；使化，結合詞根commercial（商業的），不難猜出 uncommercialized 的意思是：未被商業化的。
3.根據復合詞的各部分猜測詞義
例17.Good tool design is important in the prevention of overuse injuries. Well – designed tools and equipment will require less force to operate them and prevent awkward（別扭的）hand positions.（2005年北京卷）
Well-designed 或許是個生詞，但我們分析該詞的結構後，就能推測出其含義。它由well （好，優秀）和design （設計）兩部分組成，合在一起便是設計精巧的意思。
例18. We live in a technological society where most goods are mass-proced by unskilled labor. Because of this, most people that craft (手藝) no longer exists. （2004年浙江卷）
根據合成詞中的mass （大量的）和proce （生產），我們可以推測 mass-proce的意思是：大批量生產；規模生產的意思。
4.猜測詞性變換新詞含義
例19.The other teams, disappointed, were on the bus heading home. （2004年山東卷）
head本為名詞，表頭。由the bus和home的語境邏輯可以推斷，該句head為動詞，表方向，結合全句可譯為開往、駛向。
例20.I had first known she was wrong, that her anxiety had clouded her judgment. （2004全國卷Ⅱ）
cloud本為名詞，表雲。分析語境邏輯可知，憂慮會影響一個人的判斷，因此該句clouded應譯為使難以。
Ⅲ 英語閱讀中如何根據上下文猜測詞義
猜測詞義也是一種英語閱讀能力。英語閱讀理解試題中有不少這樣的題目。 任何一個實詞，只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一個確定的詞義。所謂上下文(context),正如英語辭典所解釋的，其作用就是幫助確定上下文中的詞、短語或句子的意義。據此，我們可以盡可能地利用上下文來猜測詞義，即從已知推求未知，也就是用我們所熟悉的詞或短語來猜測我們不熟悉的詞的詞義。猜測詞義時，我們可以從三個方面來考慮：1）根據上下文已知部分進行邏輯上的推理。2）運用語法知識進行語法分析。3）依靠常識和經驗做出判斷。根據上下文猜測詞義的方法有下列幾種： (1)根據定義或解釋猜測詞義。例如下面的閱讀材料： a bag is useful and the word 「bag」 is useful. it gives us some interesting phrases(短語). one is 「 to let the cat out of the bag.」 it is the same as 「to tell a secret」…. now when someone lets out (泄漏)a secret, he 「lets the cat out of the bag.」 短文後面有一個理解題目： john 「lets the cat out of the bag」 means he ________. a. makes everyone know a secret b. the woman bout a cat c. buys a cat in the bag d. sells the cat in the bag 在這篇文章里，「let the cat out of the bag」雖然是一個新出現的短語，但緊接著後面就給出解釋it is the same as 「to tell a secret.根據這一解釋，我們就可判斷出正確答案應為a。 (2)根據情景和邏輯進行判斷。例如：2004年北京市海淀區中考試題閱讀材料a。其中第三段是這樣的： as they go around town, the police help people. sometimes they find lost children. they take the children home. if the police see a fight, they put an end to it right away. sometimes people will ask the police how to get to a place in town. the police can always tell the people which way to go. they know all the streets and roads well. 文章後面有這樣一道題： 53. in the text, 「put an end to」 means 「___________」. a. stop b. cut c. kill d. fly 根據文章所提供的情景，如果警察看到有人在打架，他們肯定會去制止。因為制止打架斗毆是警察的職責。根據這一推理，答案應該是a。 (3)根據並列、同位關系猜測詞義。例如下面的閱讀材料： there is a place on our earth where hot water and steam come up under the ground. it is on a large island in the pacific ocean. the island is north island in new zealand. 101. what does the word 「steam」 mean in chinese? a. 自來水b. 大氣c. 冰川d. 蒸汽 從語法上看，steam和hot water是並列關系，我們就以斷定這兩種東西是相關的，是同一類第物質。在所給第四個選項中只有「蒸汽」有這種可能。 (4)根據背景和常識判斷。請看2004年北京市海淀區中考試題的閱讀材料c: watching some children trying to catch butterflies one august afternoon, i was reminded of an incident in my own childhood. when i was a boy of twelve in south carolina, something happened to me that made me never put any wild creature (living thing) in a cage(籠子). we lived on the edge of a forest, and every evening at sk the mockingbirds would come and rest in the trees and sing. there isn』t a musical instrument made by man that can proce a more beautiful sound than the song of the mockingbird. i decided that i would catch a young bird and keep it in a cage and in that way, i would have my own private musician. i finally succeeded in catching one and put it in a cage. at first, being scared, the bird fluttered(撲騰) about the cage, but finally it settled down in its new home. i felt very pleased with myself and looked forward to some beautiful singing from my little musician. on the second day of the bird』s captivity, my new pet』s mother flew to the cage with food in her mouth. the baby bird ate everything she brought to it. i was pleased to see this. certainly the mother knew better than i how to feed her baby. the following morning when i went to see how my captive (caged) bird was doing, i discovered it on the floor of the cage, dead. i was terribly surprised! what had happened! i had taken extremely care of my little bird, or so i thought. arthur wayne, the famous ornithologist, who happened to be visiting my father at the time, hearing me crying over the death of my bird, explained what had happened. 「a mother mockingbird, finding her young in a cage, will sometimes bring it poison berries(毒莓). she thinks it better for her young to die than to live in captivity.」 never since then have i caught any living creature and put it in a cage. all living creatures have a right to live free. 60. an ornithologist is probably a person who ____________ . a. studies birds b. loves creatures c. majors in habits d. takes care of trees ornithologist這個詞從來沒有見到過，但是通過他的語言我們可以判斷出這是一個對鳥很有研究的人。我很愛鳥，把鳥裝在籠子里，並細心照料，而且鳥的母親也飛過來喂這只鳥，但這只鳥卻死了，我很不理解。到我家來的這個人給我詳細解釋了鳥死的原因，說明這個人非常懂鳥。據此，我們可以斷定答案影視a。
Ⅳ 2020高考英語閱讀理解猜題技巧
2020高考英語晌友閱讀理解猜題技巧俗話說，得閱讀者得高考!猜詞題是閱讀理解中相對簡單的一種題型。根據多年的高考英語教學經驗，我將猜詞題的類型進行了具體的分類，下面是我特意為大家整理了關於2020高考英語閱讀理解猜題技巧的相關材料，希望對您的工作和生活有幫助。
1.構詞法;2.同義詞;3.反義詞;4.上下文;
5.釋義法;6.因果題;7.代詞題;8.常識題
下面我來舉例說明。
1.構詞法:前綴、後綴、復合、派生等
Car rentals are becoming more and more popular as an inexpensive way of taking to the road.
Q: The underlined word “inexpensive” means _______.
A.cheap B.happy C.good D.painful
解析:劃線單詞inexpensive是一個派生詞，由否定前綴in和單詞expensive(昂搜缺貴的)構成，意思是“不昂貴的”，故選A (便宜的)。
2.同義詞(列舉法)
Signal words:for example, for instance, such as, like，as---as, etc.
Collins decided that she must go, although the hazards of the trip were many, for example, the unbearable heat, the possibility of getting lost, the presence of wild animals and poisonous snakes.
Q: The underlined word "hazard" means ___________________
A. pleasure B. problem C. danger D. attraction
解析:根據劃線詞hazard後面的舉例，“無法忍受的炎熱，可能迷路，野生動物和毒蛇的出現”世謹辯，這些都屬於“危險的事情”(danger)，故選C。
3.反義詞
轉折詞:though, although, still, but, yet, instead, instead of, however, while, on the contrary, on the other hand, unlike, rather than, for one thing, for another等
Achild's birthday party doesn't have to be a hassle; instead, it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months.
Q: What does the underlined word "hassle" probably mean?
A. a party designed by specialists B. a plan requiring careful thought
C. a situation causing difficulty or trouble D. a demand made by guests
解析:根據劃線詞hassle後的轉折詞instead(相反)，可以推斷出hassle是與a basket of fun(一筐樂趣)意思相反。故選C (一種導致困難或麻煩的情形)。
4.上下文:利用上下文提供的情景和線索推測
Food Network procer Flay hopes the young cook will find a place on the network television. He says Lieberman’s charisma is key. “Food TV isn’t about food anymore,” says Flay. “It’s about your personality(個性)and finding a way to keep people’s eyeballs on your show.”
Q: What does the word “charisma” underlined in the text refer to?
A. A natural ability to attract others. B. A way to show one’s achievement.
C. Lieberman’s after-class interest. D. Lieberman’s fine cooking skill.
解析:charisma為非考綱詞彙表上單詞，其詞義與下文的“It’s about your personality(個性)and finding a way to keep people’s eyeballs on your show.”有關。故選A(一種天然的吸引他人的能力)。
5.釋義法:使用定語(從句)、表語、同位語、冒號、破折號、分號等解釋說明
信息詞: means, refers to, be called, be known as, can be defined as, in other words, that is, that is to say......
William Shakespeare said. "The web of our life is of a mingled yarn (紗線), good and ill together."
Q: The underlined word "mingled" most probably means?
A.simple B.mixed C.sad D.happy
解析:根據後文的釋義，good and ill together，可以推斷劃線詞mingled的意思是“混合的”(minxed)，故選B。
6.因果題
When some kind of pain killer (止痛葯) was brought out recently, researchers found that the colours turned the customers off because they made the proct look weak and ineffective(無效的).
Q: The underlined part "the colours turned the customers off" means that the colours_______
A.Attracted the customers strongly B.Had weak effects on the customers
C.Tricked the customers into shopping D.Caused the customers to lose interest
解析:根據because後的解釋，“因為他們使產品看起來軟弱和無效”，可以推斷出結果“導致顧客失去興趣”。故選D。
7.代詞題
信息詞:one，it，that，he，him或them等指代上文提到的人或事物。
Demands for pigeon-delivered money stopped as soon as the press reported the story. And even if they start again, Chen holds little hope of catching the criminal. “We have more important things to do,” he said.
Q: The underlined word“they”in the last paragraph refers to____.
A. criminals B. pigeons C. the stolen cars D. demands for money
解析:代詞指代必須符合就近原則，指代最近的上文提到的人或事物。復數代詞they指代復數名詞。故選D
8.常識題
Ifeel that since you are my superior (上司), it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do.
Q: The word "presumptuous" is closest in meaning to "____" .
A.full of respect B.rude and too confident
C.lacking in experience D.too shy and quiet
解析:常識題。在Kim看來，因為對方是自己的上司，告訴上司去做什麼，會顯得不禮貌(rude)、自負(too confident)。故選B。
經過分類整理，猜詞題的命題思路就變得非常清晰，了解了命題思路，做題時就有了方向。
當然，要想真正掌握這些策略，還需要大量的訓練實踐，不斷地吸收消化，最後融會貫通。
我是苗爸，“職業化家庭英語啟蒙訓練”推廣人。我會每天分享英語啟蒙和高考英語相關的原創文章。
今天的分享到此結束。我們明天再見!
Ⅳ 高考英語閱讀理解中怎麼分辨是詞義題還是語義題
閱讀有細節題，推斷題，猜詞義，概括大意幾種。
1 細節題是送份的，就是原文中找，一定能找的著！切忌根據生活常識想當然。
2 推斷題是根據文意自己理解出來的，這種題是原文中一定找不到的，所以題目中常常有原文的句子作干擾項，很多人一看這句話文中有就選了。。就錯了！記住了，一定是推斷出來的，原文中沒有！
3 猜詞義其實還不算太難，就是注重前後句，在文段中理解就還好。還有就是基本機會要過關，不然跟你的選項的詞你都不認識怎麼猜啊！對吧，就是比較用的普遍的形容詞，不算太難。
4 概括大意有一點難度。主要要領就是要看他給的選項由那個能夠概括第一段和最後一段。一定要選兩段概括了的！一般有一個是很大很宏觀的，一個是很具體的，這倆一定要先找出來，排除掉！
5一般還有一種體就是問你作者對文中敘事的事是什麼態度，積極地，消極的，還是中立的什麼的。這種就是看你對文章的理解了，沒什麼可說的。
哎喲，累死我了，這可是我犧牲了20分鍾寶貴的高三時間一個字一個字打上去的，絕對是經驗之談，絕對可靠。希望對你有幫助。。加油咯
Ⅵ 詞義猜測八法
詞義猜測八法
猜測生詞詞義是高考英語閱讀理解中的一個重要帆搭物考點，要想做好閱讀理解猜測詞義題，就必須要掌握一些猜詞方法，具備一定的猜詞能力。下面以2005年高考試題為例枝銷，介紹幾種行之有效的猜測生詞詞義的方法。
一、 同義解釋法
同義解釋形式多樣，有的利用or, that is (to say), in other words, namely等進行解釋，有的利用破折號，同位語（從句），定語從句或同義詞、近義詞等進行解釋。例如：
1. （湖北，A篇）A territory is an area that an animal, usually the male, claims as its own.
由定義可知territory的意思是「領域」、 「領土」。
2. （江蘇，E篇）The web of our life is of a min-gled yarn (紗線), good and ill together.
根據其後的同位語good and ill together可判斷，mingled的意思是mixed。
3. （北京，C篇）This results in unusual and self- destructive behavior called zoochosis.
既然不正常的、自我毀滅的行為叫做zoochosis，那麼可推斷zoochosis的意思為：「行為古怪」。
二、前後對比法
有時作者對文章中的生詞給出了一定的對比背景，以反義或對照方式出現態液。例如：
1. （廣東，C篇）Waves are one of nature』s ways of picking up energy and then sending it off on a journey.
下文的sending off應與picking up意思相反，所以picking up應為collecting（聚積）。
2. （重慶，D篇）It is true that lighthouses were built in out-of-the-way places. But on a pleasant sunny summer day, this very isolation has a natural beauty that many people will love to experience.
根據But 後的內容可知，out-of-the-way與isola-tion意義相近，所以其義為faraway 或isolated。
3. （北京，D篇）However obvious these facts may appear at first glance, they are actually not so obvious as they seem except we take special pains to think about this subject.
由上文的they are actually not so obvious as they seem 及文中的except可知，take special pains應與該句意思相反，據此可推斷它與try very hard意義相近。
三、 舉例說明法
根據生詞後舉出的有關例子進行適當歸納，即使不能完全猜測生詞的詞義，也能猜出大致意義。例如：
1. （湖南，A篇）More American people take their troubles with them on holiday, according to a new survey. Although 40 percent said....
根據下文舉出的數字可知，survey是research（調查）之意。
2. （廣東，B篇）Unlike vitamin C, leadership skills can』t be easily swallowed down. They must be care-fully cultivated.
下文從三個方面論述了如何培養領導才能，所以cultivate的意思應與develop相似。
四、 上下文暗示法
根據上下文與生詞密切相關的句子，對生詞進行合情合理同時合乎上下文語境的推測。例如：
1. （湖南，B篇）「We』ve collected foreign coins for years—since our families went on holiday to Tenerife.」 she explains. 「That was before the Euro, so we put pe－setas in」. Lauren continues: 「I find a coin in the road, go to get it and get run over...」
根據上下文可知pesetas是一種硬幣。
2. （上海，D篇）Devoted birdwatchers are fast be-ing joined by a new breed of follower whose interest is satiated by watching a few finches（雀科鳴鳥） on a Sunday walk or putting up a bird-box in the back garden.
根據whose interest is satiated by watching...in the back garden.可知, satiated應該是「使……滿足(satisfied)」之意。
3. （天津，B篇）Lack of parent willpower may contribute more to juvenile obesity than under-exercis-ing or overeating.
Research suggests that having overweight parents is a big influence upon a child』s weight...
由下文可知這一句的意思是「缺乏父母的意志力可能比缺乏鍛煉或過量飲食更容易導致兒童時期的超重。」所以juvenile obesity意思是childhood overweight。
五、 因果推斷法
有時對生詞的詞義需要結合上下文的因果關系進行推斷，既可根據原因推測結果，也可根據結果推測原因。例如：
1. （江西，D篇）The plant is often pruned so that it remains only 60 to 90 centimeters high.
由so that後的句意,可推斷prune意為「剪枝、修剪」。
2. （上海，B篇）「But,」 said Kim, 「I feel that since you are my superior, it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do.」
因為對方是上級，所以如果告訴對方做什麼，自己會認為是冒犯了對方，是自以為是，所以presump-tuous與too confident and rude意義相近。
六、 經驗常識法
有的生詞的猜測要求利用自身的生活經驗及科學常識進行分析推斷。例如：
1. （福建，C篇）Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming.
結合下文helping to slow global warming與科學常識，不難知道mop up意為「吸收(take in)」。
2. （江蘇，C篇）Towards the evening, there comes the grand finale of the opening day, an extremely ex-citing horserace.
根據生活常識及上文Towards the evening可知the horserace是這一天的最後一項活動，所以finale應為「last part」。
七、 基本構詞法
根據基本的構詞法知識（前綴、後綴、復合等）來推測生詞的詞義。例如：
（上海，B篇）But what I expect is for you to think independently and introce new ideas. I need more input from you—more feedback on how things are going.
初看起來，independently，input和feedback非常生疏，但利用構詞法知識不難猜測它們的詞義。in-dependently是depend加後綴-ent，加前綴in-，再加後綴-ly而成的，那就是「獨立地」。input=in（進入）+put（放）, 故input的意思為「輸入」。feedback=feed（輸入）+back（回）, 由此可知feedback意為「反饋，反應」。
八、 音譯法
對文章中的人名、地名、動物名、建築物名以及山脈、河流、島嶼、海洋等專用名詞及漢語中的外來詞等，常可通過音譯來解決。當然有的詞甚至不需要音譯，明白是人名、地名，並能理清之間的關系即可。
Ⅶ 高考英語閱讀理解的猜詞題之短語類
學生做英語閱讀時往往很怕遇到生詞。但遇到生詞又是很普遍的，第一是有些文章的主題就是介紹新事物，而這個新事物是學生未曾接觸過的，自然感到陌生；第二是學生平時掌握的基本是熟詞熟義，而有些文章涉及到了熟詞生義；第三是學生在背高考范圍內的3500詞時掌握不夠扎實。
生詞如此普遍，高考英語也有對應的猜詞題。那麼，就要考慮如何通過各種技巧來攻克猜詞題，甚至把這些猜詞技巧推廣到其它生詞。
猜詞題可以劃分為兩大類，實詞和虛詞。實詞包含幾個小類，分別是單詞、短語、句子（短句為主）。虛詞通常為代詞。
本文主要介紹短語類。
如下：
What does the underlined phrase「tug at the heartstrings」in paragraph 2 mean ?
A. Encourage team work .
B. Appeal to feeling.
C. Promote good deeds.
D. Provide advice.
題干問的是第2段中tug at the heartstrings這個短語的含義。對應原文第2段
I guess that there's probably some demanding work schele, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren』t even on … At this point the unwilling parent speaks up,「Alright. Yes, I』ll do it.」
由原文可知作者試圖去勸說一位女性家長。「她可能僅需要一點勸說，所以我又試了一下，並tug at the hearstrings。」後文提到作者的話術是講了其他家長的案例，這更多屬於訴諸情感。因此選項B比較符合。
如果考生仍覺得不是很有把握，也可以考慮用反向推導。這段話是作者給一位家長講其他家長的案例，並不涉及A選項的鼓勵團隊合作，也不涉及C選項的促進善行，也不涉及D選項的提供建議。
考生亦可以通過字面含義來推導。hearstrings字面義是心靈繩索。這也是偏向於感性，與B選項更為
如下：
What do the underlined words "taking on" in paragraph 4 mean?
A. learning from
B. looking down on
C. working with
D. competing against
題干問的是第4段的taking on的含義。原文第4段如下：
"China is impossible to overlook," says Hill. "Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion — they are central to its movement. "Of course, only are today's top Western designers being influenced by China-some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese." Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galiano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs-and beating them hands down in design and sales," adds Hil.
原文提到中國女性對世界時尚潮流的影響力。原文出現了beating them hands down in design and sales說明是前者打敗了後者，因此這是在描述時尚競爭，D選項competing against符合文意。
如下：
What does the underlined phrase 「the water catcher」 in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. The tube.
B. The still.
C. The hole.
D. The cup.
題干問的是第2段的the water catcher的含義。原文第1、2段如下：
A build-it-yourself solar still（蒸餾器） is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, it』s an excellent water collector. Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since it』s all but impossible to find natural substitutes. The only components required, though, are a 5＇ 5＇ sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container— perhaps just a drinking cup — to catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.
To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher』s proctivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up — and out — the side of the hole.
原文講的是一種自助式蒸餾器的製作，這種蒸餾器能夠在乾旱缺少地區集水。因此water catcher其實指的就是這種能「捕捉水」的集水器，即這個蒸餾器，因此B選項符合。
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2016年普通高等學校招生全國統一考試3卷C篇第10題如下：
What does the underlined phrase 「a pipe dream」 in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. A practical idea.
B. A vain hope.
C. A brilliant plan.
D. A selfish desire.
原文第3段如下：
There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you'll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it's a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.