英語閱讀選主旨大意
『壹』 英語閱讀理解技巧主旨
英語閱讀理解技巧主旨
主旨大意題主要是測試考生對一篇文章或一段文字的深層理解程度及在速讀中准確把握文章主旨大意的能力。下面我給大家整理有關英語閱讀理解主旨大意題的解題技巧，歡迎大家閱讀學習!
【主旨大意題解題技巧】
主旨大意題主要是測試考生對一篇文章或一段文字的深層理解程度及在速讀中准確把握文章主旨大意的能力。一般針對某一語段或某一語篇的主題標題或目的設題。
常見的設題方式有:
1 標題類常見的標題型題干
1)The best title/ headline for this passage might be_____________.
2)The text (passage) could be entitled ______________.
3)What is the best title for the passage?
4)Which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage?
2 大意類常見的主題型題干
5) This passage chiefly deals with____________.
6) What‘s the topic of the article?
7) What is the subject discussed in the text?
8) With what topic is the passage chiefly concerned?
3 目的主旨大意題
The author‘s main purpose in writing the passage is______. The passage is meant to _____ The purpose of this article is _______
這類題通常圍繞一個中心思想展開。不少文章一開頭便展示出文章的中心思想。第一段常常是內容的梗概，同時又表達了中心思想，但是不少文章的中心思想貫穿全文，並沒有用一句話明確表達出來。這就要求學生學會歸納概括。每個段落往往也由一個主題句或幾個陳述句構成，它們在句中的位置不同，有時在開頭,首先點明本段大意; 有時在結尾, 總結本段大意。
做這類題，首先要找出文章的主題句。找出文章的主題句，也就明確了文章要講什麼，再通過速讀全文，就可以把握文章的中心思想了。另外在許多文段中，沒有可以概括全段意義的主題句，必須根據文章中所提供的事實細節，進行全面分析，然後歸納成一般概念。但必須注意，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括時過於寬泛，要恰如其分。
A.主題句呈現的形式
1?文首開門見山, 提出主題, 隨之用細節來解釋, 支撐或發展主題句所表達的主題思想. 最常見的演繹法寫作方式. 例1.The panda is a popular animal. Stories about the panda in the Washington Zoo are always front page news and important features on television newscasts. Stuffed pandas are among the most popular toys for children, and panda postcards are always in demand in zoo gift shops.
例2.Today the problem of environment has become more and more serious. The world population is rising, so quickly that the world has become too crowded. We are using up our natural resources too quickly and at the same time we are polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals. If we continue to do this, human life on earth will not survive.
2).文尾?在表述細節後, 歸納要點, 印象, 結論建議或結果, 以概括主題. 這是英語中最常見的歸納法寫作方式
3).文中通常前面只提出問題， 文中的主題由隨之陳述的細節或合乎邏輯的引申在文中導出, 而後又作進一步的解釋, 支撐或發展.
例4.Nothing is as useful as a flashlight in a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand a camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.
4).首尾呼應?為突出主題, 作者先提出主題, 結尾時再次點出主題, 這種首尾呼應的'寫作方式較為多見. 但前後表述主題的句子不是簡單的重復, 後面的表述往往有進一步的引申或發展的意味。
例5.?首段?Shu Pulong has helped at least 1000 people bitten by snakes, “ It was seeing people with snakes bites that led me to the career.“she said„
?尾段?“The sad story touched me so much that I decided to devote myself to helping people bitten by snakes.‖Shu said.
5).無主題句?即主題句隱含在全文中, 沒有明確的主題句. 必須根據文篇中所提供的事實細節?進行全面考慮?綜合分析?然後找出共同的東西?歸納成一般概念。必須注意的是?既不能以偏概全?也不能在概括時過於寬泛?要恰如其分。
例6.Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the University of Paris and decided to leave his graation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.
Q: What is the main idea of the passage? ????
A. How Joshua Bingham became a lawyer. B. Bingham is a diligent student.
C. Joshua Bingham received an excellent ecation. D. A good lawyer needs good ecation.
[分析]此文沒有主題句。全篇共四句?只陳述了四個細節(detail)性的事實。因此就答案本身看?個個都對。讀者只能將所有的details綜合起來?進行邏輯推理?才能構成一個沒有言明的主題思想(unstated main idea)。由於文中主要涉及了Joshua Bingham接受教育的情況?即作者想告訴我們的是?Joshua Bingham接受過良好的教育?所以答案是 ?
除了以上主題句呈現的常見形式外還要注意標志詞 文章或段落的主題句常常會出現在一些標志性的提示後。如?on the whole, as a result, in short, therefore, thus„..I agree with the opinion that„.;Given all these points above, I would support the idea that„.; For all the reasons mentioned above, I would prefer„.
;『貳』 英語閱讀題主旨大意題解題技巧
英語閱讀題主旨大意題解題技巧
由於大綱要求讀懂議論文和說明文，而真正的考研當中大概95%都是議論文，而考議論文的話，最重要的就是考議論文最具有標志性的東西，也就是說議論文主要考的就是論點和論據，那論點表現在題目上最有標志性的就是主旨大意題。很多同學反應文章的主旨比較難抓，那我從文章的結構入手，旨在給學生梳理清楚!
【英語閱讀題主旨大意題解題技巧】
(一)主旨大意題的命題規律
1.從考查的對象上劃分，主旨大意題可分為兩種：
(1)篇章主旨：針對全文的主題進行提問。主題句出現在首段的居多，其次是末段或為幾段主題的綜合。
(2)段落主旨：針對某一段或幾段的主題提問。主題句可能是段落的首句、末句，也可能不在此(幾)句，需要從上下文中尋找或總結。
2.從考查的內容上劃分，還可分為主題類(內容)(考查文章或段落的主旨大意)、目的類(考查文章或段落的寫作目的)和標題類(要求考生選出文章的最佳標題)三種。
主旨大意題經常用main idea, main point, key point, maintopic, mainly discuss, mainly explain, is mainly about; purpose; best title等詞語來表達。
(二)主旨大意題的常考點
1.段首、段尾句常考：段首、段尾句一般表達了文章的.中心思想，或者就是該段的主題句，對全文或全段起著提綱挈領的作用。
2.語義轉折處常考：尤其是段首的語義轉折，其後面往往是作者真實的寫作目的或基本觀點，即文章的中心思想所在。
3.因果句常考：因果句通常可以表現出作者的意圖、觀點甚至全文的主題，因此成為考點。
(三)主旨大意題的7招技巧
一篇文章的主旨往往會在文章的第一段或開頭部分找到。作者會通過“首段提問法”、“轉移重心法”、“獨句段開頭”、“類比開頭”、“事例開頭法”等約定俗稱的方式暗示或引入主題。因此，解答主旨題時，大家要首先重點研讀文章第一段和第二段的段首句。
1. 首段提問法
如果文章第一段的第一句話、最後一句話或者第二段第一句是一個疑問句，那麼本文的主旨就很可能是對該問題的一個解答。在這里同學一定要注意的一點就是並列問句不是主旨。
2. 喜新厭舊類
如果文章第一段先描述一件事情，然後在本段或第二段首句出現轉折詞，進而表述另一件事情，那麼本文主旨就是轉折詞之後的另一件事。這類題目多會考的一種題型是寫作意圖題。
3. 事例開頭類
如果文章開頭引用、敘述個人經歷、講述故事、描寫一起事故等方式舉例。其目的顯然是要通過舉例的方法引出文章主題。通常情況下，這類文章的主題都會在首段末句或第二段的首句。
4. 類比開頭法
如果一篇文章開頭或第一段涉及一項內容A，隨後或者第二段開頭用到“Now the same thing is happening to B”等表示類比的句型，那麼，這時可以確定本文主旨是B內容。
5. 獨句段法
如果一篇文章的第一段是一句話，那麼本文的主旨就是本句話所表達的內容。
6. 大眾觀點法
如果作者在文章的開頭引用大眾的或他人的觀點，其目的顯然是要通過大眾或他人引出自己的觀點。通常情況下，這類文章的主題會在表述大眾觀點或他人觀點的句子之後。
7. 各段分述法
有些文章的第一段可能並沒有採用上述方法來引入主題，這時可以考慮本篇文章是否採用了“各段分述，圍繞主題”的方法。
總而言之，主旨類題在考研英語閱讀理解中占據著相當重要的位置，能否正確理解文章主旨，對於作對閱讀題具有絕對的指導性意義。而且，尤為關鍵的是，掌握了文章的主旨，對於其他題目的選擇有著相當強的指導作用。
;『叄』 高考英語閱讀:主旨大意題的解題技巧
高考英語閱讀:主旨大意題的解題技巧
馬上就要高考了，我整理了一些比較有針對性的高考英語復習技巧資料給大家參考，希望可以幫助同學們提高自身綜合英語能力，戰勝高考。
一、主旨大意題的命題形式
主旨大意題旨在考查考生把握全文主題和理解中心思想的能力，亦即考查考生的歸納概括能力。這類試題包括要求考生選出短文的標題(title, headline)、短文或段落的主題(subject)、中心思想(main idea)、作者的寫作目的(purpose或為傳遞信息、或為愉悅讀者、或為闡述某一道理)等。這類題的設問方式主要有：
(1)The subject of the passage/paragraph is ______.
(2)The main idea of the passage/paragraph is______.
(3)The text is mainly about ______.
(4)The passage mainly centers on ______.
(5)The passage mainly tells about ______.
(6)What is the subject discussed in the text?
(7)What is the main idea of this passage?
(8)What is the passage mainly about?
(9)What does the second paragraph mainly discuss?
(10)What is the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph?
(11)Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
(12)Which title best gives the idea of the passage?
(13)What would be the best title for the text?
(14)What might be the most suitable title for the passage?
(15)The best headlines for this newspaper article would be______
(16)The main purpose of announcing the above events is to give information about ______.
(17)The writer's purpose in writing this story is ______.
(18)What is the author's main purpose?
(19)What does the writer really want to tell us in this passage?
(20)The writer wrote the story in order to______.
(21)What is the advice given in the text / passage / article?
二、尋找主題句的方法
正確的解答這類題目的關鍵是准確地找出文章的主題句。一般來說，一篇文章常常會圍繞著一個中心思想或一個主要話題展開，而這個話題又常常通過一個能比較全面地覆蓋或概括文章意思的句子，即所謂的“主題句”來體現。那麼，主題句通常在哪裡呢?(1)主題句在文首;(2)主題句在文中;(3)主題句在文末;(4)主題句以首尾呼應的形式出現在文首和文末。
1. 主題句在文首
這類文章寫法上的特點是：文章的第一句起著點題的作用，概括了文章的主要內容或信息，下文接著對主題句所涉及的話題進行具體的`闡述。如：(全國高考題)
A JINTAN, JIANGSU: The 20 students — 18 boys and 2 girls —had a thousand reasons to beproud of themselves. They had just climbed their way to the top rung(階梯)out of 4 millionstudents taking part in the Fifth National Hua Luogeng Gold Cup Mathematics Contest (競賽)onTuesday evening.
The 20 gold medal winners are all primary and middle school students under the age of 14.
"Many of the problems are of college level and these pupils can figure them out. It is justunbelievable!" said a teacher from Guangdong province.
Named after China's most famous mathematician, Hua Luogeng, the contest started in 1986,one year after his death. In less than 10 years, it has been recognized by the State EcationCommission(國家教委) as the country's biggest and best contest of its kind.
This news story is mainly about ______.
A. when the contest started
B. how the contest got its name
C. the 20 pupils who have won gold medals in the contest
D. the 5th National Hua Luogeng Gold Cup Mathematics Contest
【分析】這是一篇報道，文章的第一段只有兩句話：“20個學生(2女18男)有充分的理由為自己感到自豪，因為他們奪得了第五屆華羅庚杯數學競賽的金獎，是4百萬參賽學生中的佼佼者”，下文接著對競賽的有關情況進行報道，因此，第一段實際上就是這篇報道的主題句。A、B、C分別只包含了報道的部分信息，顯然不合題意;D選項與主題句的意思完全一致，因此是正確答案。
2. 主題句在文中
這類文章寫法上的特點是：開始部分是引題，接著是點題，最後是對主題進行敘述，主題句常常起著承上啟下的作用。如：(全國高考題)
Fat on human beings is distributed in different ways.Some fat people have a large stomach and nowaistline—which makes them look round, rather likeapples. Others are fatter below the waist, whichmakes them appear pear-shaped.
There are two types of fat: external fat (fat underthe skin) and internal fat (fat inside the body wall). Doctors, who have been examining therelationship between health and fatness, have found that the 'pears' have less internal fat, butthe 'apples' have more internal fat than external fat. This seems to be what causes the healthproblems.
The best treatment for fatness is to rece the internal fat. But unfortunately it seems thatdieting (節食) simply makes an apple-shaped person into a smaller apple and a pear-shapedperson into a smaller pear. At the moment there is no known way of recing the internalrather than external fat.
『肆』 英語閱讀理解主旨大意常見的設問方式
主題句
段落的主題通常由被稱之為主題句（topic sentence）的句子來表示。主題句有兩個功能：一是介紹段落的主題（topic）；二是闡述控制概念（Controlling Idea），控制概念用以段落中句子討論的內容。
主題句通常是一段的第一句或末尾一句，偶爾在一段中間。我們在閱讀非故事性文章如科普文章的時候，主題句尤其明顯。有的文章五明顯的主題句，主題句隱含在段意之中。
1. 主題句位於段首
主題句位於段是首由作者先立論，後擺事實講道理的寫作手法形成的。這種手段稱為演繹型段落。據有關數據表明，在英語議論文或說明文中，有60%～90%的主題句是段落的第一句。這樣的段落模式可用倒三角（▽）來表示。
（1）尋找主題句
有些段落，有明顯的引出細節的信息詞，常見的信息詞有：for example, an example of, the most important example, first, second, next, then, last, to begin with, also, besides that等。
在閱讀中，應盡量利用上述信息詞確定主題句的位置。從該段落中的for example 可以斷定，第一句是主題句。如果無明顯的信息詞，可先假設第一句為主題句，在第二句前面添加一個for example，看看第二句是否可以支撐第一句話，如果第二句不能支撐第一句話，便在其他地方找出主題句。
（2）選擇答案先徹底弄懂主題句的句意，然後閱讀ABCD四個選項，選擇與主題句句意相吻合的答案，如主題句的再現，主題句句意的復述或推論等，排除與主題句句意無關的答案，如支撐細節和文章中未闡述的事實等。
2. 主題句位於句末
主題句位於句末是作者採用了先擺事實，後作結論的手法。這種段落稱作歸納型段落。這種段落的模式可用正三角（△）來表示。
3. 主題句位於段落的中間
主題句偶爾也會在段落的中間，但不一定就在正中間。有時，第一句並非主題句，而是承上啟下的過渡句。在這種情況下，第二句便成了主題句。此外，主題句也可能是段落的倒數第二句。這種段落模式可用菱形（◇）來表示。這種圖形可看作是△和▽的合二為一。這種段落是從支撐細節開始，發展到結論（出現主題句）。當主題句出現後，又進一步用細節支持說明，其安排程序是：次要——主要——次要。
4. 主題句隱含在段落之中
有些段落沒有明顯的主題句，其中心思想包含在各個句子中，這就要求讀者根據已知細節，歸納出段落的中心思想。這種段落模式可用正方形（□）來表示。
三、中心思想
略讀（skimming）是概括和歸納段落的中心思想的手段。略讀是指人們以可能達到的最快速度所做的閱讀。略讀的技巧如下：
1. 順行快速移動眼睛，千萬不要停頓或復視。
2. 把注意力集中在關鍵詞上。關鍵詞都是實詞，如名詞、形容詞、數詞、動詞、和副詞。介詞、冠詞、連接詞、語氣詞、代詞（一般性代詞）以及助動詞和情態動詞都不屬於關鍵詞。
3. 將關鍵詞擴大為能夠表達概念的片語，即語意群，按語意群進行閱讀。
4. 遇到生詞盡量猜。猜不出的生詞，可跳過去。
5. 對關鍵詞進行數量上的加工，篩選出最能表達作者意圖的關鍵詞及其概念。然後對這些概念進行加工，即對已產生的概念重新在頭腦中編碼，以確定作者在文章中反映的真正意圖（中心思想）。
6. 初次練習時，可將關鍵詞劃出來。待讀完一遍之後，回過頭來將所劃的關鍵詞從頭再看一遍。練習一段時間以後，不要再把關鍵詞劃出來，在閱讀過程中盡量用腦子記下來。
四、標題
標題是段落中心思想的精煉表達形式。在閱讀中，不僅要求讀者能夠通過已知的信息概括出段落的中心思想，而且還要對概括出的中心思想加以提煉，擬定出段落標題。在測試中要求能迅速而准確地選出標題。
主題句有兩個功能：介紹主題（topic）闡述控制概念（Controlling Idea）。主題句的主題實際上就是段落的主題。所以，有明確主題句的段落標題的擬定方式是：以表示主題的詞為核心，與表示控制概念的詞按一定的語法濃縮為能高度概括主題句句意或中心思想的片語。
例1 Smoking cigarettes can be an expensive habit.
主題：Smoking cigarettes
控制概念：can be an expensive habit
標題：The Expensive Habit of Smoking
例2 Coffee is an universal beverage（飲料）that is served in different ways around the world.
主題：Coffee
控制概念：is a universal beverage that is served in different ways around the world
標題：Coffee Around the world
擬定標題，不一定完全機械地套用上述的公式，方法可靈活多樣。然而，不論採用何種方法，有一條原則應該遵
『伍』 高中英語閱讀理解之主旨大意的解題方法
高中英語閱讀理解之主旨大意的解題技巧
典例剖析1.[2015·江蘇高考，C篇]Suppose you become a leader in an organization. It's very likely that you'll want to have volunteers to help with the organization's activities. To do so, it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work.
Let's begin with the question of why people volunteer. Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved. For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences, and to strengthen social relationships. If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate. To select volunteers, you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.
People also volunteer because they are required to do so. To increase levels of community service, some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs. Unfortunately, these programs can shift people's wish of participation from an internal factor (e.g., “I volunteer because it's important to me.”) to an external factor (e.g. ，“I volunteer because I'm required to do so.”). When that happens, people become less likely to volunteer in the future. People must be sensitive to this possibility when they make volunteer activities a must.
Once people begin to volunteer, what leads them to remain in their positions over time? To answer this question, researchers have concted followup studies in which they track volunteers over time. For instance, one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year. One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions. Although this result may not surprise you, it leads to important practical advice. The researchers note that attention should be given to “training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience”.
Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on indivial differences in the degree to which people view “volunteer” as an important social role. It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work. Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such as “Volunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am.” Consistent with the researchers' expectations, they found a positive correlation (正相關) between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer. These results, once again, lead to concrete advice: “Once an indivial begins volunteering, continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity... Items like Tshirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contributions can help strengthen role identity.”
QWhat is the best title of the passage?
A.How to Get People to Volunteer
B.How to Study Volunteer Behaviors
C.How to Keep Volunteers' Interest
D.How to Organize Volunteer Activities
[答案]A主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文主要闡述了人們為什麼要做志願者，和持續進行志願活動與志願者身份認同之間的正比關系，並強調要加強對志願者身份的認同。A項“如何讓人們參與志願者活動”能概括文章中心，適合做標題。故選A。
2.[2015·天津高考，B篇]Whether in the home or the workplace, social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years. Social robots are about to bring technology to the everyday world in a more humanized way, said Cynthia Breazeal, chief scientist at the robot company Jibo.
While household robots today do the normal housework, social robots will be much more like companions than mere tools. For example, these robots will be able to distinguish when someone is happy or sad. This allows them to respond more appropriately to the user.
...
QWhat does the passage mainly present?
A.A new design idea of household robots.
B.Marketing strategies for social robots.
C.Information on household robots.
D.An introction to social robots.
[答案]D主旨大意題。第一段第一句“Whether in the home or the workplace, social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years.”開篇點題並結合對全文的整體理解可推知，本文是一篇說明文，主要對社交機器人進行了簡要的介紹。故選D。
技能演練
CHICAGO (Reuters)Smoking not only can wrinkle (皺紋) the face and turn it yellow—it can do the same to the whole body, researchers reported on Monday.
The study, published in the Archives of Dermatology, shows that smoking affects the skin all over the body—even skin protected from the sun.
...
Smoking can also damage the connective tissue (組織) that supports both die skin and the internal organs.
QThe best title for this passage would be ________.
A.The Danger of Smoking
B.Smoking Causes Skin Aging
C.Quit Smoking for Health
D.A Survey of Smokers
答案：B主旨大意題。本文主要講述了吸煙影響皮膚，使皮膚衰老。所以選B。
2.British pupils taught by Chinese are better than their peers in maths and science, a new study has found.
In a study aimed at comparing the British and the Chinese school systems, pupils taught by Chinese teachers outperformed the rest of their peers in a series of exams set by an independent research body (The Institute of EcationIOE).
In an experiment for BBC Two's “Are Our Kids Tough Enough? Chinese School”， five teachers from China were responsible for the ecation of 50 students for four weeks at Bohunt School in Hampshire. Learning together in one classroom, the students of mixed abilities were taught in a Chinese style ecation system, with 12 hour days and a stricter learning regime (制度).
...
QWhat's the test mainly talk about?
A.The British students guided by the Chinese teachers behave better than their mates in some aspects of schooling.
B.Chinese teachers are better than American teachers in maths and science.
C.The school systems between China and Britain are so different.
D.The Chinese teachers show a stricter learning to the British students.
答案：A主旨大意題。本文主要講述由中國老師指導的英國學生在學校的表現比其他學生要好。所以選A。
3.In an incredible feat (技藝) of memory, college lecturer Li Yan, 51, recited every word of an EnglishChinese dictionary, a total of 220,000 words.
The 51yearold business English lecturer at Xi'an Jiaotong University in Xi'an, started to recite the entire content of an EnglishChinese dictionary on August 6, 2013, and completed the task 19 days later. Since that first recitation, she has performed the task 28 times.
“I tried to remember every word in the dictionary in order to make it easier for me to teach my classes，” Li said.
Her perseverance (堅持) comes from a hard life that taught her to keep going forward no matter how many difficulties she encountered.
...
QWhat could be the best title for the text?
A.A Responsible Mother
B.An Effective Teaching Method
C.An Extraordinary Female
D.A Living Dictionary
答案：D主旨大意題。本文主要講述的是一個大學講師，通過努力把一部英漢詞典全部背過，堪稱一部“活詞典”。
4.[2016·青島聯考]I work in a nursing home and my job is to take care of the elderly.
This year, a very sweet old lady that I cared for, Alice, had gone through a difficult time. She got dementia and so she had been in the hospital twice. In November I was finally able to get her back to her “home”.
Alice had thought her daughter was coming to visit her on Christmas Day and that they were going to have the whole family together like the old days. When she finally realized that that happy moment was not going to happen, she was very sad. Knowing that her daughter was coming after Christmas was not enough to make her feel happy. I hated the idea of her being alone on the holiday!
On Christmas Eve, I gave her a surprise by asking if she would like to go to a candlelight service at church that night.
Instead of taking her to my church, I took her to her old neighborhood church where all her friends were. We got there early and I got her a seat where her friends could see her as they came in. Then soon some of her friends came to the church and they rushed over to greet her and sit with her.
The candlelight service was beautiful and Alice got a lot of love from her old and new friends there.
The truth of the story is that I am the one who got the best gift: the smile on Alice's face.
QWhat is the best title for this passage?
A.A Special Candlelight Christmas Eve
B.The Dream of All Old Lonely Ladies
C.My Special Job
D.The True Love
答案：A主旨大意題。本文講述了作者幫助一位老人過了一個特別的燭光平安夜的故事，故選A項。
高中英語閱讀理解之指代對象題的解題技巧
典例剖析[2015·浙江高考，C篇]If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars, we would go in darkness happily, the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal (夜間活動的) species on this planet. Instead, we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun's light. This is a basic evolutionary fact, even though most of us don't think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet it's the only way to explain what we've done to the night: We've engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.
...
QWhat does “it”(Paragraph 1) most probably refer to?
A.The night. B.The moon.
C.The sky. D.The planet.
[答案]A指代判斷題。根據第一段中的“even though most of us don't think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet it's the only way to explain what we've done to the night: We've engineered it to receive us by filling it with night.”可知，事實上，雖然我們並不承認自己是白晝生物，但很多時候我們總是用光來照亮夜晚，故此處it指代前面的“the night”。故選A項。
2.[2015·湖南高考，A篇]...
Cyclists jump on and off pavements (which are meant for pedestrians), ride at speed along the pavements, and think they have a special right to go through traffic lights when they are on red.
I was almost knocked down recently by a cyclist riding on the pavement when there was a cycle lane right next to him.
Other road users, including horse riders, manage to obey the rules so why not cyclists?
It's about time they had to be registered and insured, so when they do hit a pedestrian or a vehicle, or cause an accident, at least they can be traced and there might be an opportunity to claim.
——JML
Write to Viewpoints of the newspaper.
QThe underlined word “they” in the third letter refers to ________.
A.accidents B.vehicles
C.pedestrians D.cyclists
[答案]D指代判斷題。根據第三封信第一段第一句的主語“Cyclists”可知，該信主要是對騎自行車者的抱怨和建議;結合畫線詞所在句中的“they had to be registered and insured, so when they do hit a pedestrian or a vehicle, or cause an accident”可知，騎自行車者應該注冊登記並購買保險，這樣當他們撞上行人或車輛，引發事故時，可以被查出，承擔責任。由此可推知，“they”指代的是“cyclists”。故D項正確。
3.[2015·福建高考，B篇]...
Papa, as a son of a dirtpoor farmer, left school early and went to work in a factory, for ecation was for the rich then. So, the world became his school. With great interest, he read everything he could lay his hands on, listened to the town elders and learned about the world beyond his tiny hometown. “There's so much to learn，” he'd say. “Though we're born stupid, only the stupid remain that way.” He was determined that none of his children would be denied (拒絕) an ecation.
Thus, Papa insisted that we learn at least one new thing each day. Though, as children, we thought this was crazy, it would never have occurred to us to deny Papa a request. And dinner time seemed perfect for sharing what we had learned. We would talk about the news of the day; no matter how insignificant, it was never taken lightly. Papa would listen carefully and was ready with some comment, always to the point.
QThe underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refers to “________”.
A.one new thing B.a request
C.the news D.some comment
[答案]C指代判斷題。根據畫線詞前面的“We would talk about the news of the day; no matter how insignificant”可知，吃晚飯的時候，作者一家人會談論這一天所發生的新聞，不管這些事是多麼的無關緊要。由此可推知，“it”指代的是這句話中的“the news”。故答案選C。
技能演練Have you heard of the term “tweenager” ? It's a new word being used in the UK to describe children between the ages of about 10 and 12. Why are the media suddenly referring to kids in this way?
Well, more and more companies are beginning to create procts and services for tweenagers. The Disney company sells the Hannah Montana television show, music, films and procts to tweenagers and their parents. You can get everything from branded lunchboxes and cellphones, to fan magazines and clothing. The High School Musical series of films is also intended for a tweenage audience. So, it's all about sales, which tells us tweenagers must have more money, freedom and influence upon their parents than they have ever had before.
...
QThe underlined word “they” in the second paragraph most probably refers to “________”.
A.companies B.sales
C.tweenagers D.their parents
答案：C指代判斷題。現在的孩子比以前的孩子有更多的零花錢、更多的自由，以及對家長的影響更大了。這里是拿現在的孩子跟以前的孩子對比，所以選C。
2....
Like Schmid, the editors of several selfpublished art magazines also champion (捍衛) found photographs. One of them,_called simply Found, was born one snowy night in Chicago, when Davy Rothbard returned to his car to find under his wiper (雨刷) an angry note intended for some else：“Why's your car HERE at HER place?” The note became the starting point for Rothbard's addictive publication, which features found photographs sent in by readers, such a poster discovered in our drawer.
...
QThe underlined word “them” in Paragraph 4 refers to ________.
A.the readers
B.the editors
C.the found photographs
D.the selfpublished magazines
答案：D指代判斷題。根據第四段第一句“Like Schmid, the editors of several selfpublished art magazines also champion (捍衛) found photographs.”以及第二句中畫線後的“called simply Found”可推知，them指代“self-published art magazines”，所以選D。
3.[2016·山西聯考]...
The latest Chinese “god song” (an Internet term to describe pop songs that spread virally through the Internet) is still stirring up fierce debates between those who view it as a milestone for Chinese pop music going global and those who regard it as a bad image of China.
Last week, Little Apple, written and performed by the Chopsticks Brothers, won the AMA International Song Award and the_o performed the song at the 2014 American Music Awards in Los Angeles. Another Chinese pop singer, Zhang Jie, won the International Artist Award.
...
QWhat do the underlined words “the o” refer to?
A.Little Apple.
B.Chopsticks Brothers.
C.Zhang Jie.
D.American singers.
答案：B指代判斷題。根據第二段的第一句“Last week, Little Apple, written and performed by the Chopsticks Brothers, won the AMA International Song Award and the_o performed the song at the 2014 American Music Awards in Los Angeles.”可推知，the o的意思是“一對表演者”，此處代指《小蘋果》的表演者“筷子兄弟”，故選B項。
4.[2016·南昌一模]...
Even if trees cannot walk, they are still on the move.
In parts of the Arctic, entire forests are moving northward. Across the Arctic, temperatures are rising faster than anywhere else in the world. As that happens, the tree line that marks where forests stop and the treeless tundra (凍原) starts has been shifting northward. Trees growing along the tree line must protect themselves from the cold wind. To do this,_plants tend to grow horizontal (水平的) branches low to the ground. The energy it takes for trees to grow this way means they don't have enough energy to make seeds.
QWhat does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A.To proce more seeds.
B.To move northward
C.To respond to the climate change.
D.To protect themselves from the cold wind.
『陸』 怎樣做好高考英語閱讀理解的主旨大意題
主旨大意題是高考閱讀理解的主要題型之一， 旨在考查考生對鍛煉大意或者文章中心思想的把握和歸納能力。
解題前先要了解主旨大意題的分類。
大部分情況下，主旨大意題可分為兩種，①篇章主旨：針對全文的主題進行提問。主題句出現在首段的居多，其次是末段。②段落主旨：針對某一段或幾段的主題提問。主題句可能是段落的首句、末句，也可能需要從上下文中尋找或總結。
所以對於說明文和論述文這2中問題，如果問篇章主旨的話，解題重點在於看首段；段落主旨重點在於看該段首句。
而如果是記敘文，就需要通讀全文，看懂全文在講什麼？然後進行回答。
最後必須了解關注主旨大意題干擾項的特點。我們了解干擾項的特點,有助於迅速、果斷地排除這些干擾項,從而確定正確的答案.通常情況下,干擾項具有如下五個特點：
1.主題變大.干擾項所歸納、概括的范圍變大,超過文章實際所提及的內容.
2.斷章取義.干擾項常以文章中的個別信息或個別字眼作為選項的設計內容,或者以次要的事實或細節充當全文的主要觀點.
3.以偏概全.干擾項只表述了文章的部分內容,也就是文章的局部信息.
4.無中生有,似是而非.有的干擾項中的關鍵詞語好似在文章中談到了,但認真分析之後會發現這類干擾項的內容與文章的內容毫無聯系.
5.張冠李戴.命題者有意地把屬於A的特徵放在B的身上,構成一個干擾項.我們不注意的情況下,會造成錯選答案.
『柒』 英語閱讀理解的題型
英語閱讀理解的題型
作為高考英語試卷中題量最大、分值最多、難度最高的題型，高考英語閱讀理解題在整個高中英語中至關重要。下面我整理了高考英語閱讀理解的常見題型以及解題方法，大家一起來看一下吧!
【高考英語閱讀理解常見題型及解題方法】
一、主旨大意題
主旨大意題主要考查學生對所讀材料(或所讀材料片斷)中心思想的概括。做這類題時，考生應通讀全文，把握文章大意或中心思想，同時注意文章的主題句，因為主題句表達中心思想，其他句子均圍繞主題句進行展開。主題句通常位於文章第一段首句、第一段末句或全文末句等地方，但位於段落中間(通常是第一段或最後一段的中間)也是完全可能的。主旨大意題的考查形式很多，如概括標題、主題、段意、中心思想等。請看浙江卷中的一個段落：
In the course of working my way through school, I took many jobs I would rather forget. But none of these jobs was as dreadful as my job in an apple plant. The work was hard; the pay was poor; and, most of all, the working conditions were terrible.
◎What is the subject discussed in the text?
A. The writer’s unhappy school life
B. The writer’s eagerness to earn money
C. The writer’s experience as a full-time worker
D. The writer’s hard work in an apple plant
原文共有五個自然段，上面摘錄的只是文章的第1個自然段，但是如果考生訓練有素的話，只要讀完這個段落就可猜出此題的答案了。因為文章第一句說In the course of working my way through school, I took many jobs I would rather forget，接著作者用but引出一個新的情況(即主題句)：none of these jobs was as dreadful as my job in an apple plant. 再接下來又說：The work was hard; the pay was poor; and, most of all, the working conditions were terrible. 聰明的讀者至此應該可以猜測到，下面的幾個段落肯定是介紹這個apple plant 的work是如何的hard，它的pay是如何的poor，它的working conditions 是如何的terrible 等。比較四個選項，只有選項D所表述內容合乎上面的分析，故選D。
二、事實細節題
顧名思義，事實細節題即指針對文章的某個事實或細節而設置的試題。事實細節題的命題方法很多，如可能是對某個細節用同義結構轉換後進行考查、也可能是將文章中的幾個細節(通常是四個)放在一起要求考生判斷是非(選出正確的一項或選出錯誤的一項)或對幾個細節進行排序等。解答這類試題時，一個常用的方法就是運用定位法，即根據題干或選項中的線索詞從原文中找到相關的句子，與選項進行比較從而確定答案(此時要特別注意一些常見的同義轉換或簡單換算)。請看安徽卷中的一道事實細節題：
Tuition Fees(學費)
Tuition fees are different from department to department, generally from $5,000 to $6,000 a year. For further information: [email protected]
Accommodation(住宿)
You can have a room in a 4-bedrcom flat, which will cost about $100 a month with other regular living costs of about $150 a month for one person. For further information: [email protected]
◎You have to pay at least ______ a year if you study at the University of Waikato.
A. $5,250 B. $8,000 C. $9,000 D. $11,000
根據Tuition fees一節的內容可知，一年的學費最低為5,000美元，再根據Accommodation(住宿)一節可知，除學費外，還有住宿費(每月100美元)和生活費(每月150美元)，即一年大約共3,000美元，所以在WaiKato大學讀書一年至少要花費5,000+3,000=8,000美元，故答案為B。
三、代詞指代題
這類題要求考生根據一定的上下文推測代詞的指代意義，它主要考查考生在一定語境中對上下文邏輯關系的正確理解。做這類題時，考生不僅要讀懂相關句子的句意，理順相關句子的邏輯關系，而且還要學會合理變通，尤其要學會變通理解其中的`同義表達。請看天津卷中的一個片斷和一個道詞義猜測題：
Many creative thinkers state that they have completely devoted themselves to the subject matter of the problem, often over fairly long periods of time. Indeed, it would be strange if they had not done this. Nothing in such statements supports the idea that there is anything very different about the problem solving that leads to discoveries of the great contributions to the society. The act of discovery, even in the relatively predictable(可以預見的) sense that it occurs in everyday learning, involves(涉及) a “sudden insight” which changes the problem situation into a solution situation. As we have seen, everyday discovery also requires that the learner have the knowledge of the rules gained in the past, which is involved in the solution.
◎What does the underlined word “this” refer to?
A. Great contributions to the society.
B. Long-time study of the subject matter.
C. Various statements about problem solving.
D. Complete devotion to artistic creation.
此題答案選B。答案的直接依據是文章中的Many creative thinkers state that they have completely devoted themselves to the subject matter of the problem, often over fairly long periods of time. Indeed, it would be strange if they had not done this 這兩句話。從句意和句子結構上看，this在此指代的應是they have completely devoted themselves to the subject matter of the problem, often over fairly long periods of time，比較四個選項，只有B與之吻合，因為選項中的long-time與原文中的over fairly long periods of time屬同義表達，選項中的study of the subject matter 與原文中的devoted themselves to the subject matter of the problem屬同義表達。
四、詞義猜測題
即要求考生根據一定的上下文猜測生詞的詞義。它是高考英語閱讀理解中的一個難點，同學們應引起充分重視。猜測生詞詞義的方法很多，常用的有同義解釋法、因果推斷法、前後對比法、基本構詞法、語境理解法、舉例說明法、常識背景法、類屬分析法等。請看安徽卷中一道詞義猜測題：
More American people take their troubles with them on holiday, according to a new survey. Although 40 percent said that the main reason for going away is to escape pressure(壓力) from work, almost all said they worry more than they do at home. Only four in every 100 said that they are happy and free of care.
◎The underlined word “survey” in the first paragraph most probably means ______.
A. research B. review C. exhibition D. examination
此題答案選A。比較四個選項，同時結合常識，文中所提到的事實和數據應該是“調查和研究”得出的(其他幾個選項可排除)。
五、推理判斷題
即要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基礎上，作出一定的判斷和推理，從而得出文章的隱含意義和深層意義。推理判斷題屬於主觀性較強的高層次閱讀理解題，做這類題目時，同學們應嚴格依據作者所陳述的細節、事實以及作者的措詞、態度和語氣等，找出能夠表露作者思想傾向和感情色彩的詞語，然後利用自己已獲得的相關知識進行推理判斷，從而得出符合邏輯的結論。此時應特別注意：當問及作者的看法、意圖與態度時，不要誤認為是在問“你”(考生)的想法，而是作者本人在字里行間所表述的觀點。請看全國卷中的一個段落：
Now the task I face in harvesting the fruit is twofold: First, I have to find the red ones among the leaves, which means I almost have to stand on my head, and once found I have to reach down and under, pick the tomatoes and withdraw(縮回) my full fist without dropping the prize so dearly won. I found two full-blown white roses completely hidden as I picked tomatoes in June, but they were weak and the leaves already yellow for lack of light.
◎By saying “the prize so dearly won” in paragraph 5, the writer wants to ______.
A. show the difficulty in picking the tomatoes
B. show the hardship of growing the roses
C. express her liking for the roses
D. express her care for the tomatoes
本文大意講的是作者在春天偶然栽種的一棵西紅柿長成後非常大，影響到園中的玫瑰花，作者在享受西紅柿美味的同時，又難以割捨珍貴的玫瑰花，面對兩種選擇，作者舉棋不定。
此題要求考生推測作者說the prize so dearly won的意圖，屬推理判斷題。此題答案選A，其推理依據主要有以下幾點：一是作者在第1句用了 the task一詞，將摘西紅柿看成是一項“任務”;二是作者在三個地方用了have to，表示摘西紅柿不容易;三是作者還用了stand on my head, reach down and under…等誇張性用詞，充分說明了摘西紅柿的難度。比較四個選項，顯然只有選項A最佳。
;『捌』 英語閱讀的常見題型
英語閱讀的常見題型
英語閱讀的常見題型都有哪些呢，大家是否了解過？以下是我為大家整理的關於英語閱讀的常見題型，希望大家喜歡！
一、主旨大意題
閱讀理解是對整個文章的目的、意圖、觀點、立場、態度以及內在的邏輯關系的理解，而不是斷章取義的一孔之見，所以統覽全篇和問題是很有必要的，這些問題會給你提供信息
或暗示文章中的一些重要細節。在統覽全篇的同時要注意抓住文章的中心大意，捕捉主題 句，因為一些顯性的答案是可以從主題句中直接回答，而隱性的答案則是要通過對全篇的理解才能得出。主題句一般具有以下特徵：
1、概括全段思想。
2、一般位於段首、段尾或位於段中，它通常是用單詞、短語表達的。當然，有些短語沒有完整的主題句，其主題只好依據整篇文章及上下文的語境，不是某句話的表面意思。
3、解這種題目時，不能只憑文中的只言片語而斷章取義，比如涉及文章的標題(title)、主題(main idea)、結論(conclusion)、結局(end)等有關問題，都需要在細讀全文的基礎上，結合所學語言知識、背景知識、生活常識、科學專業知識進行邏輯思維、推理、判斷，從而獲取文章中內隱的信息。
主旨題常見的命題形式：
(1) The main idea of this text may be…….
(2) This passage is mainly about…….
(3) The author's purpose in writing this text…….
(4) Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
(5) What』s the
topic of the text?
(6) The passage gives us is…...
二、推斷題
這種題目有一定難度，往往不能直接從文中找到答案，而必須根據上下文及其相互間的關系或對整篇文章進行深層理解後，才能找到答案。有時甚至還得聯系作者的態度、觀點、意圖、語氣等弦外之音、文外之意加以推理，這些題目一般都是深層意義的題目，他們沒有明示，大多數屬於模糊性的，甚至是模稜兩可。解答這類題時，要求同學予以高度重視注意從話題出發，充分運用自己的邏輯思維能力，從文章的內在含義和字里行間中，從作者的態度和取向中獲取信息，做出正確的`判斷，應特別注意以下特徵。
1、吃透文章的表層意思，是推理的前提和基礎;
2、推理的根據來自於上下文;
3、不能以自己的觀點代替作者的觀點;
4、在提問中常用的詞有suggest,mean,infer(推斷),from the fact,indicate(暗示) conclusion，probably，likely，reason，because，according to"等。
推斷題常有的命題形式：
(1) It can be known from the text that ….
(2) From the text we know that ….
(3) The story implies that ….
(4) The paragraph following the passage will most probably be ….
(5) The writer suggests that….
三、事實細節題
在閱讀理解題中，又有相當一部分屬於事實或細節題，下面僅就這類題的正確解法作簡要說明。首先是直接理解性題目，這種題目比較簡單，只要通讀全文，了解文中所敘述的重要事實或細節，就可以解答出來，有的甚至可以從文章的原句中直接找到答案;另外還有一些題目要求對文中個別難詞、關鍵詞、片語或句子作出解釋或需要對有關的上下文提供的語境和信息、甚至對整篇文章的內容建立准確、立體的理解和判斷。
四、猜測詞意題
這類問題主要考察學生兩方面能力。根據上下文推測和判斷生詞、短語或句子在閱讀材料中的含義，即利用我們所熟悉的詞或短語和上下文中的已知部分進行邏輯上的推理，有時還需依靠常識和經驗。猜詞的活動是閱讀中經常遇到的，閱讀理解題目中的作為干擾項出現的錯誤選項，一般多是學生比較熟悉、想當然的詞典意義，或者適應學生習慣的漢語思維方式;而正確的含義往往不只是詞典上的，而是要通過上下文內容的提示才能確定的，解這類題時應注意以下特點：
1、注意一些過渡詞語，如that is, this is, in other words等，它們直接引出了同義解釋;
2、注意連接詞及被猜測的詞前後的因果，讓步，遞進，轉折，列舉及承上啟下等各種連接上下文的特殊功能。
3、注意同義詞、近義詞、反義詞、同位語、定語從句，相似或相反的結構等。
4、對於句中首字母或全部是大寫的單詞,應該猜出可能是專有名詞(人名、地名、組織等)，因此拼讀有時是最合適的方法。
總之我們要根據不同體裁、不同類型的閱讀文章，採用不同的答題技巧，仔細斟酌核對答案。如果時間允許，再將原文讀一遍;用全文的主題思想統率各思考題，研究其內在聯系和邏輯關系，目的在於對所做答案進一步審查，推出未解答的題，以便減少失誤。
最後，當試題有一定難度或題量偏大時，考生往往會在閱讀理解題上花費太多的時間，這樣固然能提高該部分的准確度，得分多一點兒，但用時太多勢必擠壓其他題目的必要時間，比如作文，只得草草收工，甚至字跡不清，把本能得到的分又丟掉了，實在不該。在給定的時間內，應對各個題目的耗時應有一個戰略上的把握。畢竟，英語考試是一個全方位的綜合性考量。
;『玖』 英語閱讀理解主旨大意解題技巧
英語閱讀理解主旨大意解題技巧
主旨大意題是高考閱讀理解的主要題型之一， 旨在考查考生對鍛煉大意或者文章中心思想的把握和歸納能力。此類題數量較大，在15個題中約佔3-4個。下面就跟著我一起來詳細了解一下主旨大意題的解題技巧吧!
◆主旨大意題的分類
⑴從考查對象上劃分，主旨大意題可分為兩種
①篇章主旨：針對全文的主題進行提問。主題句出現在首段的居多，其次是末段或為幾段主題的綜
②段落主旨：針對某一段或幾段的主題提問。主題句可能是段落的首句、末句，也可能需要從上下文中尋找或總結。
⑵從考查內容上劃分，主旨大意題可分為三種
①主題類(內容)，考查文章或段落的主旨大意;
②目的類，考查文章或段落的寫作目的;
③標題類，要求考生選出文章的最佳標題。
◆設問特點：
1. 考查全文主旨或段落大意。
2. 正確選項概況范圍大小恰當，主旨判斷准確。
3. 錯誤選項的特點常常是太大、太窄或者偏離主題，主觀臆斷。
4. 常以main idea, best idea, subject, mainly discuss 等詞提問。
◆常考問題：
1). 中心思想類
The main point /idea of the passage is…
The passage is mai nly about…
The passage mainly discusses…
The last but one paragraph is chiefly concerned with…?
Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?
2).標題類
Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
The best title for the passage would be …
3).目的類
The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is to …
The passage is meant to ….
In writing this passage, the author mainly intends to…
【技巧點撥】
1. 尋找主題句:
抓住段落或文章主題的捷徑之一就是在段落或文章中尋找主題句。主題句是指能表達或概況段落主題或文章主要內容的句子， 通常是一個簡潔、完整、具有概況性的句子，較多出現在說明文和議論文中，而其他句子則圍繞著主題句展開進行說明解釋或擴展。
主題句在文中的位置:
1)開門見山：提出主題----細節支撐闡明主題
2)段末點睛：細節描述----歸納要點---概括主題
3)段中點旨：細節描述---歸納主題---進一步解釋
4)無主題句:考生需根據文章中所敘述的事實或提供的線索來概括和總結文章的大意
2. 捕捉關鍵詞：
略讀是概括和歸納文章或段落大意的基本方法。略讀時要快，把注意力集中在關鍵詞(即實詞)上，非關鍵詞(即虛詞)則一帶而過。注意出現頻率高的詞可能是蘊涵中心思想的關鍵詞，分析歸納篩選出最能表達主旨或這這意圖 的`關鍵詞，繼而確定文章的主旨大意。
3. 仔細推敲選項：
1)主旨大意題的干擾項的特點有：
①以偏概全：只闡述了文章的部分內容，也就是文章的局部信息;
②無中生有或似是而非：有的干擾項中的關鍵詞語好像在文章中談到了，但認真分析之後你會發現這類干擾項的內容與文章的內容毫無聯系。
③主題擴大：歸納概括的范圍過大，超過文章實際討論的內容;
④張冠李戴：命題者有意地把屬於A的特徵放在B的身上，構成一個干擾項。在我們不注意的情況下，會造成錯選答案。
2)主旨大意題的正確選項特徵
①含有抽象名詞和概括性詞語的選項往往是正確答案;
②較全面、有針對性地表達文章中心思想的選項一般是答案項。
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