教育英語閱讀理解

① 小學英語閱讀理解教案

小學英語閱讀理解教案

在英語學習中，閱讀十分重要，無論是對於應試還是個人能力。下面我給大家提供了小學英語閱讀理解的教案有興趣的朋友可以參考一下哦!

【小學英語閱讀理解教案】

新標准英語第十冊 Mole 7 Unit2 I will be home at seven o』 clock.

一、教材分析

本課是是根據新標准英語第十冊第七模塊第一單元Write your message.一課而設計的一堂英語閱讀課，通過這堂課讓學生通過電子郵件向朋友描述自己的現況和近期計劃，增強學生人際交往的能力，進一步提高五年級學生學習和使用英語的興趣。

二、教學設計

本案例是Reading(精讀課)，按照英語新課程標準的要求，這堂課應當是「以任務貫穿讀、聽、說的活動，讓學生通過『感知-概括-應用』的思維來增長知識，發展能力」。基於此，其教學設計的落腳點有二：

1.學生通過閱讀學習，有助於提高學生的閱讀能力和自主學習能力。

2.通過閱讀進行語音處理、單詞處理和句子處理;通過閱讀進行意義建構，在與文本相互作用的過程中，在理解、思辨的過程中培養學生的語言輸出能力，即說話能力和寫話能力。

三、教學目標

(一) 知識目標

1.掌握下列單詞和短語：busy, surprise, at the office, see you…

2.能運用本課所涉及到的I am working very hard at the office. I will be home at seven o』clock.這一重點句型進行自由交流。

3. 綜合本課所學知識與好友討論自己一天的生活。

4.正確理解和朗讀短文內容，能夠對本課內容進行適當的改寫。

(二)技能目標

1. 能初步掌握在短文中劃找信息和新知的閱讀方法。

2. 能利用關鍵詞，句對本課內容進行復述。

(三)情感目標

通過電子郵件向朋友描述自己的近況和近期打算，加強同學間的團結友愛。

四、 教學重點和難點

1.閱讀方法與技巧引導和滲透。

2.正確理解短文內容，能夠進行簡單的改寫。

五、課前准備

多媒體課件，單詞、短語卡片等。

六、課堂實錄

Stage I:

Pre-reading

1.Greetings

T：Class begins!Free talk----Good morning, everyone. How are you today? What day is it today? What』s the weather like ? Let』s play a 『Follow』game. I say and you say. Ok? Let』s try. I am 30 years old. I like noodles. I worked in an office. I have got a new dress. I have breakfast at 7 o』clock. My favourite season is spring. (I want nobody, nobody but you) thank you, sit down, please.

(通過輕松愉快的真實交流，建立了融洽的師生交流渠道，即為教學作了鋪墊，也鞏固了已學知識。)

2.Leading-in導入

a.T: Class, I am your new teacher, do you want to know me?

課件出示My information：

My name is sylvia.I』m thirty years old. I am a teacher from China- Singapore Bilingual school.Now, I am working very hard at school. I am very busy. I will be home at 6 o』clock.

Now, do you want to know another person? He is very famous in the world.

Look, who can say something about him?奧巴x， 章紫怡

b.出示課本Part 2 圖片，now，work in pairs. Talk about the pictures. And show.

c.課件出示Mr Smart.Who is he? 問題引出文本教學

Stage II:

While-reading泛讀

1.Read and circle the answers: who is he? Where is he? What is he doing?

課件提示學生快速默讀文章，找出問題答案。

Check out.

(設計說明：通過問題引導學生進入第一次閱讀，回答問題)

2.精讀，Read and underline the important words, phrases and sentences.

請學生朗讀全文，找出文中答案，並用筆劃出來。

Check out.選擇生肖所對應的'詞條

(設計說明：學生進入第二次閱讀，圈出重點內容。)

3.Listen and repeat.

Read in groups.(Task… fill in the blanks.)

(設計說明：聽錄音的同時讓學生整篇閱讀，培養學生的聽說能力。通過三個問題讓學生對語篇再一次進行細讀，串聯起整個語篇內容，為接下來的復述全文做好准備。)

4.Retell with the information. 兩句----整段

(設計說明：學生再次閱讀全文，通過問題「How to retell the passage?」，教師配合板書示範降低難度，讓學生了解復述整篇短文的主要思路。最後，通過學生的復述檢查學生對整個語篇的理解。)

Stage III:

Practice

Now, class, Ms Smart is very busy. Are you busy at school? Let』s stand up and chant our daily life at school. Follow me, ready?

Stage IV:

Consolidation

Now, class, i am your new friend, do you want to write an email to me? Let』s try ok?

(設計說明：培養學生的寫話能力。學生模仿語篇寫作，鞏固了課上所學知識的同時也將這一活動作為課本知識與生活實際相聯結的橋梁。

Stage V:

Sum-up: we know computers are very important for everyone. We can use a computer to… but every coin has two sides. We should learn to use a computer, but don』t play too much computer games. Ok?

I really want to get an email from you ,can you write to me? You can also choose to send a short message to my phone. This is your homework.

Now, class is over.

Stage VI:

Blackboard__writing

Mole 7 Unit2 I will be home at seven o』 clock.

New words: New sentences: 評價台

(Divide into 4 groups)

busy When will you be home?

surprise I will be home at 7 o』clock.

七、課後記

1.在英語學習中，閱讀十分重要，無論是對於應試還是個人能力。根據課文設計各種問題，問題的層次性和挑戰性激發了學生的求知慾和學習興趣，在解決問題的過程中，構建自己的知識體系，加強合作意識。

2.英語的閱讀不僅是文字語言的學習，更是文化的熏陶和積淀。因此教學設計中閱讀是基礎，而核心在閱讀之後的討論、思考以及觀點的闡述和辯論，使學生處於學習和解決問題的積極主動的狀態中，發展學生用英語獲取信息、處理信息、分析和解決問題的能力。

3.在富有挑戰性和趣味性的問題情境課堂中部分學生參與不夠甚至被忽視是教學中最具挑戰性的問題之一，但是我想對這部分學生的關注和引導才能真正體現教育的意義。

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② 英語閱讀理解

英語閱讀理解

關於英語閱讀理解的學習方式，其實就是做專題練習，只有練多了才會熟悉解題思路，下面是我為大家提供的初二和高中的一些英語閱讀理解題和答案，有興趣的朋友可以參考一下!

【初二英語閱讀理解】

第一篇：計程車司機

My friend is a taxi drives. He has been a taxi driver for ten years. It’s a nice job most of the time. He can meet a lot of people. He always works at night because there is too much traffic ring the day. He usually goes home between two o’clock in the morning. There are some very strange things, which often happen at night. One day my friend was taking a woman back home from a party at three o’clock in the morning. She had her little dog with her. When they got to her house, she found she had lost her key. So my friend waited in the car with the dog while she climbed in through the window. My friend waited and waited. After half an hour of honking he decided to find out what was going on. He tied the dog to a tree and started to climb in through the window.

At that moment some policemen came. They thought my friend was a thief. Luckily, the woman came downstairs. She must have gone to sleep and forgotten about my friend and the dog.

16. The driver always works at night because it is easier to .

A. drive B. climb in through window

C. make money D. meet a lot of people

17. The woman climbed in through the window because .

A. she wanted to have a sleep B. her husband didn’t open the door for her

C. she didn’t want to pay the money D. she couldn’t find her key

18. The story happened .

A. early in the morning B. late at night

C. outside the city D. near the bus station

19. Which of the following is not true?

A. The driver worked until 2 or 3 o’clock in the morning.

B. The policemen made a mistake. C. The woman had no money to pay.

D. The woman had forgotten about the driver and the dog.

20. The driver climbed in through the window to .

A. get money from the woman B. phone the police

C. return the dog to the woman D. see what happened in the house

第二篇：足球運動

Mr. King is a tall and strong man. He teaches P. E. in a middle school. He wears a long beard(鬍子) and takes good care of it.

It was Sunday yesterday. There was a big football match of the year on the playground in the centre of the city. Mr. King likes the game very much and of course he was going to watch it. With his friends’ help he got a ticket a few days ago. After breakfast he hurried to the bus stop, but a lot of people were waiting there. A bus came and he hardly got on. There were plenty of people in it and it was difficult for them to put their feet. He had to grip(抓住)the back of a chair. At the next stop a boy got on the bus. He looked around and saw Mr. King’s beard and grip it. The man found it at once and called out, “Let go of(松開)my beard, boy!”

“Are you going to get off, sir?” asked to boy.

11. Mr. King is a .

A. player B. runner C. teacher D. driver

12. Mr. King was going to watch the match because .

A. he teaches P. E. in a middle school B. he likes football very much

C. he had already got a ticket D. he didn’t go to work yesterday

13. It was difficult for Mr. King to stand because .

A. he had drunk too much B. the bus was too small

C. he got on the bus too late D. it was very crowded in the bus

14. The boy gripped Mr. King’s beard because .

A. he was afraid to fall again B. he wanted to make the man angry

C. he hoped the man to find a seat for him D. he hoped the man to get off soon

15. Mr. King was afraid , so he shouted at him.

A. the boy would pull him down B. the boy would hurt his beard

C. the boy could be hurt again D. the boy would borrow his ticket

【高中英語閱讀理解】

Passage 1：president

There are stories about two U.S . presidents，Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren，which attempt to explain the American English term OK.We don‟t know if either story is true，but they are both interesting. The first explanation is based on the fact that President Jackson had very little ecation.In fact，he had difficulty reading and writing.When important papers came to Jackson，he tried to read them and then had his assistants explain what they said.If he approved of a paper.he would write“all correct”on it.The problem was that he didn‟t know how to spell.So what he really wrote was“ol korekt”.After a while，he shortened that term to“OK”.

The second explanation is based on the place where President Van Buren was born，Kinderhook，New York.Van Bnren‟s friends organized a club to help him become President They caned the club the Old Kinderhook Club，and anyone who supported Van Buren was called“OK”.

31.The author

A. believes both of the stories

B.doesn‟t believe a word of the stories

C is not sure whether the stories are true

D. is telling the stories just for fun

32. According to the passage，President Jackson

A.couldn‟t draw up any documents at all

B. didn‟t like to read important papers by himself

C.often had his assistants sign documents for him

D .wasn‟t good at reading，writing or spelling

33.According to the first story, the term “OK”

A. was approved of by President Jackson

B.was the title of some Official documents

C.was first used by President Jackson

D.was an old way to spell“all correct’’

34 .According to the second story，the term‘‘OK”

A.was the short way to say‘‘old Kinderhook Club”

B.meant the place where President Van Buren was born

C.was the name of Van Buren‟s club

D.was used to call Van Buren‟s supporters in the election

35.According to the second story.the term“OK”was first used

A.by Van Buren

B.in a presidential election

C.to organize the Old Kinderhook Club

D.by the members of the‘‘Old Kinderhook Club”

Passage 2：land proces

Although the United States covers so much land and the land proces far more food than the present population needs，its people are by now almost entirely an urban society Less than a tenth of the people are engaged in agriculture and forestry(林業)，and most of the rest live in or around towns，small and large.Here the traditional picture is changing：every small town may still be very like other small towns，and the typical small town may represent a widely accepted view of the country，but most Americans do not live in small towns any more.Half the population now lives in some thirty metropolitan areas(1arge cities with their suburbs、of more than a million people each—a larger proportion than in Germany or England，let alone France.The statistics(統計)of urban and rural population should be treated with caution because so many people who live in areas classified as rural travel by car to work in a nearby town each day.As the rush to live out of town continues.rural areas within reach of towns are graally filled with houses，so that it is hard to say at what moment a piece of country becomes a suburb But more and more the typical American lives in a metropolitan rather than a small town environment.

36.If now America has 250 million people.how many of them are engaged in agriculture and forestry?

A.About 25 million.

B.More than 25 million.

C.Less than 25 million.

D. Less than 225 million

37.Which of the following four countries has the smallest proportion of people living in metropolitan areas?

A.United States.

B.Germany.

C.France.

D.England.

38.What’s the meaning of the word“metropolitan”in the middle of the passage?

A .Of a large city with its suburbs.

B.Of small and large towns.

C.Of urban areas.

D.Of rural areas.

39.According to the passage，what can we learn about small towns in the United States?

A Most small towns become graally crowded

B.Small towns are still similar to each other.

C.As the traditional picture is changing，towns are different.

D .Small towns are turning into large cities

40.Why is it hard to say when a piece of country becomes a suburb?

A.Because they are the same.

B.Because the rush takes place too quickly

C.Because the process is graal.

D.Because more and more Americans live in metropolitan

>>>>>>參考答案<<<<<<

【初二英語閱讀理解】

第一篇答案：ADADB

第二篇答案：ADACD

【高中英語閱讀理解】

Passage 1

答案：CDCDB

這里要講述Andrew Jackson 和Martin Van Buren這2屆美國總統的小故事。這2個小故事也許可以解釋美語中OK一詞的來歷。故事的真實性我們不得而知，不過內容卻很有意思。

第一個解釋來源於總統Andrew Jackson的故事。Andrew Jackson幾乎沒有受到過什麼教育，事實上，他對於日常的讀寫都有困難。當收到重要文件的時候，在嘗試閱讀之後，還是讓他的助手幫忙解釋文件的內容。如果批准一份文件，Andrew Jackson就在上面寫“all correct”。麻煩的是，他不知道怎麼這2個單詞怎麼拼寫，因此，實際上他在文件上寫的是“ol korekt”。過了不久，他又把這2個單詞縮寫為“OK”。

第二個解釋來源於總統Martin Van Buren的家鄉的名字——紐約的Kinderhook。為了幫助Van Buren成為總統，他的朋友為此組織了一個社團。他們把這個社團叫做Old Kinderhook Club，社團中支持Van Buren的人都被稱為“OK”

Passage 2

答案：CCABC

盡管美國幅員遼闊，而且土地所產出的糧食遠遠超過現有人口的需求，現今的美國卻幾乎完全是個都市化的國家。不足十分之一的人口在從事農業和林業，而剩餘的大多數人都居住在大大小小的城鎮中或者城鎮的周圍。傳統的'景象在這里不斷發生著變化：小的城鎮之間仍然彼此十分相似，典型的小城鎮還是呈現出大家心目中的鄉村的風貌;但是大部分的美國人卻不再住在小城鎮了。現在半數的人口都在大約30幾個大都市地區(包括附近郊區的大型城市)——這種大都市地區的人口都在百萬以上，總的都市人口數量遠遠超過德國和英國，更不用說法國了。城市和鄉村的人口統計需要特別對待，因為我們所謂的住在鄉村的人們，每天都會開車前往附近的城鎮工作。當遠離城鎮居住的熱潮持續的情況下，城鎮周圍的鄉村地區逐漸蓋滿了房屋。那麼說不定什麼時候，一塊鄉村的地區就變成了城市的郊區。不過，典型的美國人還是越來越趨向於居住在大都市而不是小城鎮的環境中。

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③ 關於教育的英語短文閱讀

教育人要說服而不是壓服，往往壓而不服。我精心收集了關於教育的英語短文，供大家欣賞學習!

關於教育的英語短文篇1

With the development of today's technology,ecation becomes more important than before because people need to learn moreto adapt the society.Ecation enables people to understand the world betterand have a good job in the futrue.Moreover ,it also hao an impact on people'sbehavior.

First of all, ecation improves people'slearning ability that makes them know more about the world.Most things taughtin schools are the basic skills or means to further understsnding of oursociety .Only by learning these,can human have an opportunity to study more andknow more about the society .Secondly, opportunities are often given to someonewho is good ecated .Employers tend to believe that people have high ecationare intelligent and they can manage their jod and adapt the working environmentquickly.That is why the ecated people always get a good job. Thirdly, themore people learn the more modest and polite they act.Learned people think thatthey are not good enough ,so they show a big patience to learn from everything.They often try to figure out the solution of problems by things they meet orlearn.

In sum,ecation can turn people out withbetter learning skills,job offering and good behavior,so I think ecation isimportant to people to fulfill their goals and live a easy life .

關於教育的英語短文篇2

the prosperity of a nation depends on the development of ecation. any development in science and technology throughout the world is e to the development of ecation which brings up scientists and inventors. it is difficult to emphasize just how important the role of ecation is. there is no doubt that countries with undeveloped ecation will remain poor.

ecation is also vital to the development of an indivial. of all elements of success in our careers none is more important than ecation. it is not genius but the knowledge that makes the difference between success and failure. in fact most of the famous people of our times spent many years studying. can you name any great men you admire who are not well ecated ?

some people, however, are still ignorant of the importance of ecation. some parents, especially those in the countryside, think it unnecessary to send their children to school. some parents have their children work for money at a very young age. in view of this, compulsory ecation must be enforced to see to it that every young people will be have the chance to receive adequate ecation.

關於教育的英語短文篇3

China, as a developing country, has a large gap compared with developed countries. If we want to catch up with and even surpass the developed ones, ecation seems important and should be given the first priority. Besides, ecation seems the same important to indivials.

In modern time, when science and technology are making great progress, the ecation of the work force is the most important. Moreover, many of the success in advanced countries have demonstrated that a nation's prosperity mainly depends on the quality of its labor force, namely those who have been well ecated.

For indivials, ecation is the best way to improve oneself. Firstly, it's ecation thathelps people gain basic knowledge of the world, helping them to distinguish what is right and wrong. Secondly, ecation improves one's skills of life and work, which can make people live a good life or have achievements in career. Finally, ecation brings people ability of learning and that is the key role of ecation.

④ 英語閱讀理解專項訓練及答案

渣皮滾閱讀理解試題是高考英語試卷中分值最重的題型，因此做好閱讀理解題是考取高分的關鍵，考生在備考階段需要加強閱讀理解的握豎訓練。下面我為大家帶來高考，希望對大家的的高考英語備考有所幫助。

英語閱讀理解專項訓練原文

One silly question I simply can't stand is "How do you feel".Usually the question is asked of aman in action—a man on the go walking along the street or busily working at his desk. So whatdo you expect him to say? He'll probably say "Fine.I'm all right." But you've put a bug in his earmaybe now he's not sure. If you are a good friend,you may have seen something in his face,orhis walk that he did not realize that morning. It starts him worrying a little. First thing youknow he looks in a mirror to see if everything is all fight,while you go merrily on your wayasking someone else. "How do you feel?" Every question has its time and place It's perfectlyacceptable,for instance,to ask "How do you feel if you're visiting a close friend in the hospital.But if the fellow is walking on both legs, hurrying to make a train,or sitting at his deskworking,it's no time to ask him that silly question. When George Bernard Shaw,the famouswriter of plays was in his eighties,someone asked him "How doyou feel". Shaw put him in hisplace. "When you reach my age", he said. "either you feel all right or you're dead"

英語閱讀理解專項訓練試題：

如餘1.According to the writer,greetings, such as"How do you feel?" ___

A.show one's consideration for others

B.are a good way to make friends

C are proper to ask a man in action

D.generally make one feel uneasy

2.The question"How do you feel?" seems to be correct and suitable when asked of________

A.a man working at his desk

B.a person having lost a close friend

C.a stranger who looks somewhat worried

D.a friend who is ill

3.The writer seems to feel that a busy man should ____

A be praised for his efforts

B never be asked any question

C.not be bothered

D be discouraged from working so hard

4.George Bernard Shaw's reply in the passage shows his ______

A.cheerfulness

B.cleverness

C.ability

D.politeness

5.You've put a bug in his ear means that you've ______

A.made him laugh

B.shown concern for him

C made fun of him

D.given him some kind of warning

英語閱讀理解專項訓練答案：

1.D

2.D

3.C

4.B

5.D

⑤ 教育碩士英語備考閱讀理解的關鍵:分析句子

教育碩士英語備考閱讀理解的關鍵:分析句子

眾所周知，英語幾乎是所有考生最頭疼、難度最大的科目，而閱讀理解又是英語各題型中的重中之中。備考英語閱讀，關鍵是擴大英語閱讀量，不僅僅是增加文章數量，同時要擴大內容涉及的范圍。

我們考研英語閱讀文章的題材涉及社會、信息技術、經濟、歷史、天文、地理、心理學等廣泛的社會科學和自然科學。所以建議考研同學有針對性地選擇一些各學科知識的文章，留意各類新聞報道性與評論性的文章，增加一些背景知識，有意識地強化記憶有關詞彙，以便能理解考試中將會遇到的各種內容的文章。

在平時進行的閱讀訓練中，希望同學們能夠養成的第一個閱讀習慣是讀文章讀段落時，有意識的去分析一下鄰近的幾個句子的關系，在養成了這樣的閱讀習慣之後，逐漸的你會培養起一種能力，那就是分清楚文章層次的能力--------這種能力對於做考研中的例證題，詞句理解題，新題型七選五都至關重要。

簡單的說：相鄰的兩句話有兩種關系，要麼是並列關系，要麼是從屬關系。

所謂並列范疇，是指這兩句話內容可能不一樣，但談到的話題是同一范疇，同一口徑，比如要觀點都是觀點(觀點可能相同，也可能轉折)，要細節都是細節。

比如：Chinese people love peace. American people love wars.

1980,I joined army.1991,I married my wife.

所謂從屬關系：就是前後兩句話粗細口徑不一，前邊是粗的.抽象的，後邊是細的具體的。

比如：Chinese people love peace. Henan people especially don’t like wars.

Fruits are always attractive.In spring, we like apples;ring summer we prefer bananas……

不管是議論文也好還是說明文也好，分清楚粗細都是對於我們做題很有幫助的。

在議論文中，如果兩句話出現粗細關系了，那麼ok，兩者之間肯定是支持關系，感情色彩是一致的;

在說明文中，如果出現前一句包含後一句，比如前一句是水果，後一句是蘋果，顯然有從屬關系，那麼這一段通常是總分關系，我們可以跳讀，加快閱讀速度。

通常情況下，在議論文中的從屬關系更為重要(考研中議論文的比例也較大，尤其是夾敘夾議)，通常觀點型的句子(較粗的句子)中使用的名詞比較抽象，而細節的句子中卻常常出現諸如人名，時間，地點，數字等明顯具體的詞，這都是信號。

分清粗細的能力首先有助於我們做例證題，想想答案應該是粗的，還是細的?

在做七選五的時候，分清粗細更是重要，由於大多數同學沒時間好好做這種題(也沒有必要)，我們需要一種節省時間的方法，那麼你逐漸培養起來的分清粗細的能力就很有幫助了，一個空應該填個細句子還是填個長句子，你是否可以根據周圍的其他句子的長相判斷出來?然後後邊讓你選的句子就不是7個了，很有可能已經剩下一半了!

最後，祝大家備考順利!

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⑥ 英語閱讀理解策略與技巧

英語閱讀理解策略與技巧

英語閱讀是英語學習重要的一部分，無論是中考高考、還是更高一級的英語測試，英語閱讀都是重頭戲。下面是英語閱讀理解的策略與技巧，供大家參考與學習！

英語閱讀理解策略與技巧 篇1

英語閱讀既是英語學習者的學習目的，也是英語學習的重要手段。許多專家、教師等教育工作者都從不同的角度研討過英語閱讀方法、技巧，但很多都是從教師的角度談如何培養學生的英語閱讀能力、技巧，他們精心設計課堂來激發學生頭腦中的圖式（圖式理論觀點）。但是，在生活實際閱讀中，在中考、高考中，學生都得依靠自己完成這些重要的活動。因此，筆者嘗試換位思考，以學生為中心，站在學生的角度來考慮，如何培養、提高學生的英語閱讀能力，我認為：應該讓學生自己學會如何激活、運用、構建、豐富大腦中的圖式，提高閱讀能力，完善閱讀技巧。

一、圖式理論與閱讀理解

圖式（schema）一詞最早出現在德國哲學家康德（Kant,1781）的著作中。德國現代心理學家巴特利特（F·Burtlett,1923）應用並發展了圖式概念。20 世紀70 年代美國的人工智慧專家魯梅爾哈特Rumelhart 指出：圖式理論基本上是一種關於人的知識的理論，它是關於知識是怎樣被表徵出來的，以及關於這種對於知識的表徵如何以其特有的方式有利於知識的應用之理論。該理論強調人已經具有的知識及知識結構對當前的認知活動起決定作用。按照圖式理論，人腦中所貯存的知識都組成單元，這種單元就是圖式。對閱讀而言，圖式一般分為三種類型：語言圖式（linguistic schema）、內容圖式（content schema）和修辭圖式（rhetorical schema）。語言圖式指讀者已有的語言知識，即關於語音、詞彙和語法等方面的知識，它是閱讀的前提條件。內容圖式指讀者對閱讀材料所討論主題（內容範疇）的了解程度。修辭圖式指讀者對閱讀材料文章體裁、篇章結構的熟悉程度。

圖式理論認為：任何語言信息，無論是口頭的，還是書面的，本身都無意義。它只指導聽者或讀者根據自己的已有知識及知識結構恢復或構成意思。根據該理論，閱讀理解首先是文字信息輸入，然後讀者在自己頭腦貯存的信息中尋找能夠說明所輸入信息的圖式。當這些圖式被找到以後，讀者就產生了理解，否則就不能理解，或不能完全理解。從上文分析可以看出，閱讀時，需要 Reader 和 Writer擁有共享的一部分 schemata。

顯然，如果Reader 和Writer 各自的原有圖式沒有共享的交集，那麼Reader 的閱讀理解就會失敗。另外根據圖式理論，讀者接受文字信息進行閱讀理解的過程是一種主動的「猜測——證實」過程，即文字元號輸入人的大腦之後，人就不斷地在頭腦中尋找有關的圖式，直至找到能說明輸入信息的圖式，即形成閱讀理解。

現代圖式理論還認為，圖式是「大腦為了便於信息儲存和處理，而將新事物與已有的知識、經歷有機組織起來的一種知識表徵形式，是互相關聯的知識構成的完整的信息系統。」人民對新事物的理解和認識在一定程度上很依賴大腦已經形成的圖式。根據圖式理論，閱讀理解歸根結底是結合適合的圖式填充新信息而使圖式具體化的過程，填充的內容可以是直接連接或推論出的新信息。

由以上分析我們可以明確，如果Reader 和Writer 共享的圖式越多，閱讀理解就會越多，但是Reader 和Writer之間除了擁有共享的圖式之外，還是會有大量的圖式差異，即他們之間有不同的個性信息，這樣就會導致一個結果：閱讀者不能完全理解，只能部分理解文章。要完成閱讀理解，閱讀者只有在原有共享的圖式基礎上展開聯想、猜測，不斷激活相關的圖式，並經過推理、判斷、選擇適合Writer意圖的圖式。在Reader 和Writer的圖式逐漸同化、具體化的過程中，Reader 和Writer之間的信息不斷地交流，即「猜測——推理——證實」，相同則被選擇、儲存，不同的被舍棄，在該過程中「Area of shared schema」之交集不斷變大，最後完成閱讀理解。藉助圖式理論，我們可以引導、幫助學生培養、完善自己的英語閱讀方法和技巧，並逐漸形成有效的圖式閱讀策略。

二、英語閱讀的策略

（一）整體閱讀，預測主旨

通過預測文章的主旨，學生能迅速有效地整體理解全文，教學中我們要幫助學生學會運用不同的策略預測文章主旨。學生可以藉助修辭圖式來順利地完成預測主旨的任務，因為一般閱讀材料文章體裁、篇章結構都有一定的規律可循。例如有標題文章，學生要學會從標題入手進行預測。新聞報道文章大多有標題，標題又常常是全文的中心、主題，是文章內容的高度濃縮的精華，學生可通過閱讀標題得到啟發，能准確預測出文章的大概內容和作者的寫作意圖，為徹底理解全文做好鋪墊。如果沒有標題，讀者可快速瀏覽全文，從整體入手了解內容大概，尤其關注文章首尾句，以便迅速抓住文章主旨，有時文章段落較多內容復雜，學生可跳讀每段首句或找到中心句（有一些文章的中心句或主題句在文章的中間），聯系文章的首尾段，也可很快獲得文章主旨。如一些記敘文、議論文就可通過該方法快速預測文章主旨。有些文章附有圖表，此類文章多半可從說明、標注著手，按以上方法進行預測文意，要處理具體細節時再結合圖表。

（二） 把握文章脈絡，掌握主要信息

根據圖式理論，閱讀能力取決於三種圖式，即語言圖式，內容圖式和修辭圖式。因此，閱讀理解文章就是經過讀的行為，主動的「猜測——證實」，來激活、同化、具體自己已有的各類圖式。要把握文章脈絡，必須做到通過快速通讀全文激活自己記憶中適合該文的修辭圖式。例如，學生閱讀一篇新聞報道，經過對該文的預測——閱讀——證實——再預測——再閱讀——再證實，學生就可逐漸激活自己大腦中已有的修辭圖式，這篇文章符合「線性原則」，結合相關的內容圖式，可以明確該文是新聞報道，其脈絡是標題——精要——事件過程。再如學生閱讀議論性文章，可通過閱讀——預測——證實，再閱讀——再預測——再證實，很快就能激活他們已知的修辭圖式，文章脈絡也清晰可見，即提出觀點——論證、說明——重申觀點，或是提出問題——分析問題——結論，同時也激活、具體了相關的內容圖式，獲得了證明、說明的主要材料信息，能夠大體上理解文章。又如，許多敘述性文章，可一邊讀一邊畫出時間、地點、人物、事件、起因（when, where, who, what, why）等要素或做一些必要的簡易的筆記，學生很容易就能回憶起已有的某些圖式，把握住文章的脈絡，並抓住文章的重要信息,即明確事件的起因、發展、高潮、結局，基本能夠理解文章的重要內容。較為復雜的文章會有時間、地點變化，學生激活這樣的圖式，（時間1/事件1）——（時間2/事件2）——（時間3/事件3），或（地點1/事件1）——（地點2/事件2）——（地點3/事件3），當然文中的主要內容也就一目瞭然。如有很多人物傳記，脈絡是（現在/事件1）——（過去/幾件事）——（現在/感受）。學生要想准確把握文章脈絡，捕捉住重要信息，關鍵是平時閱讀實踐時要不斷豐富、儲存足夠多的相關圖式在大腦中。

（三）弄清結局、明確結論

很多文章結尾非常精彩，目的是為了讓閱讀者留下深刻的印象，這也是非常重要的修辭圖式的一種。如有的文章結尾幽默；有的文章結局發人深思、給人啟迪；有的文章令人意外卻又在情理中；有的文章得出一些結論，或有一點點感受。總而言之，文章的結尾也很重要，有時起到畫龍點睛的作用，弄清結局或結論對於理解全文當然也具有關鍵性的功效。弄清了文脈（修辭圖式），把握住了主要信息（內容圖式）之後，結合細節進行分析、推理、歸納，緊密聯系結尾的語句提示，可徹底理解文章的內涵和外延。

（四）讀懂題意，選擇答案

做了以上的准備工作，可以開始讀題答題。但是無論是哪一個題目，學生選擇時必須以確定的主旨為統率。選擇前一定確保理解出題的意圖。表層的問題可迅速選定，對於那些較深層次的題目，選擇一定要有根據，一定要將相關原文找到，並結合上下文語境進行分析、推理，然後再確定。

三、閱讀時應注意一些小技巧

1．學生自己應注意養成良好的閱讀習慣，只用眼和腦閱讀，整體閱讀，整體理解，這樣閱讀速度將更快。

2．要注意猜詞、句技巧的培養。閱讀時學生常常會遇到一些不解的詞、短語，有的可跳過，而對進行整體理解無大礙；有的可根據上下文語境來猜測、推理得知；有的可根據構詞法推理，可明確它們的含義。

3．學會運用關聯詞。文章中有些復合句較長且結構復雜，晦澀不易理解，學生可根據關聯詞、引導詞的邏輯關系迅速分清主幹和重句，從而明確句意。在段落中或段落之間也有一些關聯詞，如but, however, although, ever though, as, because, so等等，在這些詞的幫助下，學生可明確句與句，段落與段落之間的內在本質聯系，因而能盡快把握住段落中心或文章中心。

最後，值得注意的是學生平時閱讀要有選擇性和針對性。學生可選擇一些難度適當、語言鮮活地道、時代感強的文章閱讀；畢業年級的學生更應該針對中考、高考選材閱讀，以便積累豐富的語言圖式、內容圖式、修辭圖式，逐漸構建新的各類圖式，在閱讀時能夠激活、運用圖式，成功理解有一定長度和難度的英語文章，在閱讀理解方面取得優勢，為考試和實際生活中的閱讀打下堅實的基礎。

英語閱讀理解策略與技巧 篇2

第一，考生應該學會瀏覽全文。

英文的文章與中文略有不同，這是由中西方思維方式不同而決定的。英文總喜歡採取總分結構，即作者傾向於將比較重要的信息放在文章首段、段落首句等。基於這一規律，考生要學會瀏覽。在考試中有兩種不同用處的瀏覽方式。一是在解題前略讀全文。在略讀時，不需要詳盡的理解，知識了解基本內容、作者的立場、文章的篇章結構，可以跳過細節或例子。另一種瀏覽方式相當於檢索性的閱讀，用於階梯式尋找需要的特定信息，如主題句、有關細節、難句等。在考試過程中，要想縮短解題時間，就應該根據需要對閱讀速度進行適當調節，該快時則快，該慢時則慢。瀏覽時要求盡快掌握全文大意，速度就要快些。檢索信息、尋找答案時，速度也要快;找到有關句子或段落，需要仔細研究理解時就要適當放慢速度。

第二，學會調節閱讀速度。

為了確保在所給時間內達到最佳的理解准確度，學會在瀏覽中選擇重要信息顯得格外重要。選擇信息的要點在於「准確」。應注意以下幾點

(1)注意出現頻率最高的詞或短語。

(2)善於判斷文章各段的主題句。一般出現在段落開頭或結尾最常見。

(3)瀏覽中善於總結全文的主題。第三，掌握常見行文方式，了解作者意圖，預測內容。在正式做題之前，做到文章結構，大概主旨在心中有數，這就能幫助各位考生很好的解決題目，不偏離文章中心主旨。

英語閱讀理解策略與技巧 篇3

一、強化基本技巧訓練

1、讀懂文章細節的訓練

對文章細節的理解，是學生基本理解能力的體現。學生讀不懂文章細節的主要原因在於：第一，不會分析長句、難句；第二，不理解代詞的指代內容：第三，不懂詞性、詞義的變化。針對這些因素，教師在上閱讀課時就必須有的放矢。進行有效的針對性訓練：

(1)長句、難句分析。學生在閱讀中經常會遇到長句和難句，大多數學生對這類句子存在恐懼感溶易造成閱讀障礙，針對這一情況，教師可以要求學生閱讀時先找出這類句子，抄寫在本子上，然後分析句中的主語、謂語、賓語及非謂語、從句等成分，最後將該句譯成漢語。日積月累，學生就養成了分析長句和難句的習慣並掌握了分析這類句子的技巧。

(2)代詞的指代分析。學生在閱讀中往往會遇到一些含有代詞的句子，如果學生明白代詞的指代內容，那麼，句中之意就顯而易見了。所以，在指導學生進行閱讀時，教師應該教會他們如何分析代詞的指代內容，養成敏捷的思維習慣，掌握閱讀技巧。

(3)詞性、詞義轉化猜測。英語單詞的詞性、詞義變化多端，需要根據不同的語境進行判斷、猜測。因此，在指導學生進行閱讀時，應該訓練學生根據句子成分判斷詞性，根據語境判斷詞義的能力。堅持長久的訓練，定會大有收獲。

2、讀懂文章主旨大意的訓練

在閱讀一些說明文、議論文時，經常會遇到一些關於判斷文章標題、中心思想或段落大意的試題。讀記敘文時，有時也會遇到排列順序的試題。主旨大意題主要測試學生的全面理解與概括能力，提問的內容可能是全文的大意，也可能是某段的段落大意，一般不易在文中找到答案。

常見以下幾種設問方式：

The main idea of this pasage is that.

The passage ismainly about.

The best title for the passage is.

From the passagewe can learn conclude that.

這些試題測試學生是否抓住文章主旨大意，領會文章中心思想。這要求學生要有很強的歸納、概括能力，這種能力的培養也離不開經常的訓練。

(1)加標題訓練。閱讀題大多沒有標題，在指導閱讀時，教師應要求學生在閱讀完文章後，給文章加標題。加標題訓練，其實就是找出文章的中心主題句，所以加標題訓練也就是找中心主題句的訓練。

(2)劃分層次訓練。找出主題句後，並不等於完全讀懂文章大意。還應該讀懂該文章談到的多層意思，這就要求閱讀者首先要讀懂各自然段的中心意思，然後再進行歸納。這樣就能夠清楚地分出文章的層次，完全領會文章大意。

(3)辨認重要事實的訓練。在記敘文和某些說明文、議論文的閱讀中，我們需要弄清一些主要事實，以達到明確文章大意的目的。這種訓練是閱讀中必不可少的。訓練可分兩步進行：第一步，在閱讀中以句子的形式寫下重要事實：第二步。以時間或以步驟等順序排列這些事實。

3、讀懂深層含義的訓練

深層含義是指文中一些需要想像的`抽象概念：作者的態度和意圖：全文的邏輯關系。這是一種難度比較大的訓練。根據學生的實際水平，教師可以分以下幾方面進行訓練。

(1)換句訓練。對於需要發揮想像力才能讀懂的抽象概念，教師可以把有關句子抽出，進行改寫。這種換句訓練，能有效提高學生的想像力和抽象思維能力。

(2)作者意圖猜測訓練。讀完文章後，教師可以設置以下問題：

What's the purpose of the passage?

Whom does the authorwrite for?

What's the background of the passage?

通過學生回答問題的情況來了解學生對文章的理解程度，訓練他們判斷語境，猜測有關事實的能力。

(3)邏輯推測訓練邏輯推測訓練包括四種內容：數量推測、年月推測、故事結局推測、人物關系推測。前兩種屬於數字推測後兩種屬於邏輯推理。進行邏輯推理訓練的最好方法就是讓學生分組討論。

4、進行快速閱讀的訓練

衡量閱讀能力的一個重要尺度是閱讀速度。如果一個學生閱讀速度太慢，即使理解正確，也不能說明他閱讀能力強。《英語教學大綱》明確規定：高中學生的閱讀速度是每分鍾60～70個單詞。因此，教師可以按大綱要求，進行限時訓練。可精選5篇文章，讓學生在40分鍾內完成。每周至少進行兩次限時閱讀訓練。閱讀旨在提高閱讀速度。閱讀速度的提高取決於一定的閱讀技巧。所以，教師要在限時閱讀中培養學生以下快速閱讀技巧：

(1)視讀。用眼睛掃描文章內容，按意群理解句子的意思。看文章時。禁止學生朗讀、默讀、逐詞讀或用手、筆指著讀，因為看文章比讀文章的速度快。

(2)猜測詞義。學生看文章時，經常會因遇到生詞而緊張，影響閱讀情緒。其實，可以採用「戰略上藐視，戰術上重視」的策略，放鬆心情，根據上下文或語法知識猜測詞義。

(3)抓整體。閱讀時，應把注意力放在整篇文章上，不要過多地考慮每個單詞、短語或單句的意思，否則很難在短時間內把握文章的主旨。

二、豐富文化背景知識

學生對世界的認識。對人文、歷史、地理、科技、體育、衛生、環境、生活、習俗和風土人情等方面知識的多寡直接影響對文章理解的水平。學生的非語言信息也是提高閱讀理解能力的重要因素之一。因此每個學生都必須有意識地排除非語言障礙，利用各種途徑充實自己的背景知識。現有的教材為學生提供了較為豐富的閱讀材料，題材多樣，主要涉及科學技術、天文地理、環境保護、人文歷史、自然災害、醫療保護和飲食文化等。在使用教材時，學生不僅要注意語言基礎知識的學習，還要注意文章所提供的信息。了解和掌握相關的常識，還應鼓勵學生泛讀各類有助於增長見識的課外讀物。

三、注意閱讀篇目題材形式特徵

文章的題材主要有：科技小品、說理小品、新聞報道、人物傳記、短篇故事、史地文化、幽默小品和圖形表格。不同題材往往有各自的寫作方法和語言表達方式。學生若不了解題材，閱讀就會帶有盲目性。在學習和閱讀時。教師要引導學生注意文章的題材特徵，掌握不同題材的閱讀方法，從而提高閱讀速度和理解的准確性。以新聞報道的題材為例，這類文章有非常明顯的特點：

(1)主題突出。文章的第一句話或第一段即是對整篇文章的高度概括。

(2)要點明顯。寫作即要求五個「W」(when，where，who，whathow)的表述一目瞭然。但命題時往往不會幾點俱全，而需要考生根據已提供的幾個「W」，以及各「W」之間的聯系去推出未知的「W」，同時也不會排除對細節的理解。學生可根據這兩個特點，較快地把握文章的主旨和細節，從而較快地作出正確判斷。

總之，提高閱讀能力需要日積月累的訓練，但是如果學生講究閱讀策略，閱讀方法得當，快速的提高也是可能的。

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⑦ 如何指導學生進行英語閱讀理解

英語中的閱讀就是讀者利用自己的語言知識和背景知識，對讀物所進行的一種積極的思維過程。培養並提高學生的聽說讀寫能力是中學英語教學的主旨，而使學生掌握良好的閱讀方法、提高學生的閱讀理解能力則是當前中學教師對學生素質教育的一大任務。筆者結合多年來的英語課堂教學實踐，就如何提高學生的閱讀理解能力作如下分析。
一、影響中學生閱讀能力的因素
1、詞彙量低山稿旅。詞彙量低是學生中普遍存在的問題。有限的詞彙量會影響學生的閱讀效率。詞彙量小不僅影響學生的閱讀速度和質量，而且還會影響閱讀的興趣和信心。反之詞彙量越大，閱讀面越廣，視野就越開闊，閱讀理解的准確度就越高，閱讀興趣也就會大增。
2、不良的閱讀習慣。有效的閱讀和良好的習慣是不可分割的。由於受中小學漢語教學的影響，不少人養成了一些不良的閱讀習慣。在學生的閱讀過程中，我就發現許多同學都有如唇讀、默念、逐詞逐句翻譯、聲讀、回讀、指讀等不良的閱讀習慣。這些壞習慣必定會影響學生的閱讀。
3、閱讀速度太慢。在教學期間，我發現我們班的大部分同學，在閱讀課本的過程中一碰到生詞就查詞典。在閱讀的過程中，過多地使用字典會打斷讀者的閱讀思路，影響速度，導致完成不了閱讀任務，更不用提閱讀的質量了。
4、不良的心理因素。有部分學生由於基礎知識不扎實，詞彙量不足，他們一看到有文章要讀就害怕，心理產生一種恐懼感。特別是碰到一些較長的文章，生詞多一些，心理上就已經退卻下來了。也有些學生，讀了一兩段，感覺內容枯燥乏味（尤其地理、科技方面的文章）就無法讀下去了敬好，再繼續讀腦子里就是一片空白，裡面講的是什麼內容，全都不知道。但是做英語閱讀理解，就要用所學的詞彙、語法方面的知識去攻克眼前的「壁壘」，才會使閱讀能力有所提高。否則的話，永遠都會被閱讀所嚇倒。
針對以上造成中學生閱讀理解能力薄弱的原因，下面提出一些解決此問題的教學對策。希望能通過這些教學對策的實施，來提高中學生的閱讀能力。
二、提高中學生閱讀能力的教學對策
1、從詞、句入手，夯實閱讀基礎。據有關的研究表明，在一篇短文中，如果生詞的數量超過了總單詞數的5%左右，要想順利地閱讀和理解就很困難了。正如有些同學所說的，詞彙今天記住，明天就忘了，實在煩人。
筆者認為最有效的提高詞彙量的方法就是增加閱讀量(注意一定要選擇難度適當，有閱讀難度梯度和題材多樣的閱讀材料)。在閱讀中多次出現的單詞被記住的概率比單純默背要大得多。通過不斷的閱讀，就能多次見到相同的單詞，不知不覺中，認識的單詞就越來越多了。在閱讀中體會單詞和短語的運用，學到的詞彙是靈活的，學生在知識的遷移中會受益。 我在平時的詞彙教學中將詞彙放入片語、短語及句中讓學生記憶，有了一定的情景，學生就容易記住一些。我還建議學生專用一個本子將自己在學習或閱讀過程中不認識的單詞寫在上面，並且叫學生通過查閱字典認識並且記住這些單詞，以後當再次碰見這些單詞時學生就認識了。過一周就讓學生交換各自積累生詞的本子，這樣來擴充他們的詞逗凳匯量。
2、加強學生的語篇意識，進行篇章結構的分析。閱讀教學應從語篇整體出發，培養學生獲得信息的能力。我把課文教學的主要精力集中於培養學生整體把握文章的主旨大意的能力上，引導學生從表層閱讀理解向深層閱讀理解過渡，突出句與句、段與段之間的關系，重視語篇承接語、句子交際功能的標識語以及代詞的指稱和照應等。在閱讀材料的處理上，要使學生整體感知閱讀材料，理清文章脈絡，領略文章大意，明確文章的主題思想，注重培養學生獲取文章整體信息的能力。
3、培養學生養成良好的閱讀習慣。在進行閱讀訓練前首先要教會學生如何按意群閱讀，擺脫逐字逐句地把英語翻譯成漢語的閱讀方式；要求學生養成在閱讀時做筆記（用下劃線或者圓圈來標記重要內容）的習慣；學會利用文章的信息不斷地驗證閱讀中的推測和推斷的正確性，避免做題時過多主觀性和思維的不嚴密的現象；針對多數學生讀不懂結構復雜的長難句情況，設計長句分析練習，讓學生學會通過分析其句子成分的方法理清句意和獲取所需的信息。
4、講解閱讀技巧，提高閱讀速度。在教學中，特別在閱讀教學中，要注重講解閱讀技巧。如：叫學生做閱讀理解題時先看題目，再進行閱讀，這樣會有一定的針對性，准確率和速度都會有所提高。引導學生對於不同的閱讀理解目的，採用不同的閱讀法。
5、擴大學生閱讀量，加強學生課外閱讀的指導。就英語閱讀能力的形成和發展而言，學生必須將閱讀活動從課內延伸到課外。課外讀得越多，詞彙重現率越高，對單詞和片語就越熟悉，閱讀的速度就越快，理解力就越強，進而形成課內外閱讀相互促進的良性循環。對學生來說課內閱讀的時間和閱讀量都是有限的，而課外閱讀的時間和閱讀量在一定程度上是不受限制的。更重要的是，課外閱讀材料的選擇具有更大的自主權和自由度。學生不為「應試」而讀，不必為分數而讀，這時的閱讀才是更具有真實意義的主體自我發起，自我體驗和評估、自我豐富和提高的閱讀，才是更高層次的主體全面參與的閱讀。

⑧ 2019年6月大學英語四級閱讀理解訓練：兒童教育與醫療技術

2019年6月大學英語四級閱讀理解訓練：兒童教育

Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age. For these children to develop to their full alt potential. their ecation must be adapted to those differences.

Although we focus on the needs of exceptional children, we find ourselves describing their environment as well. While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself. Both the family and the society in which exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development. And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of society's understanding - the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next generation.

Ecation in any society is a mirror of that society. In that mirror we can see the strengths, the weaknesses, the hopes, the prejudices, and the central values of the culture itself. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public ecation over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.

"All men are created equal." We've heard it many times, but it still has important meaning for ecation in a democratic society. Although the phrase was used by this country's founders to denote equality before the law, it has also been interpreted to mean equality of opportunity. That concept implies ecational opportunity for all children - the right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity, whether that capacity be small or great. Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children - disabled or not - to an appropriate ecation, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that ecation. In response, schools are modifying their programs, adapting instruction to children who are exceptional, to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs.

訓練題

59. In paragrah 2 . the author cites the example of the leading actor on the stage to show that ________.

[A] the growth of exceptional children has much to do with their family and the society

[B] exceptional children are more influenced by their families than normal children are

[C] exceptional children are the key interest of the family and society

[D] the needs of the society weigh much heavier than the needs of the exceptional children

60. The reason that the exceptional children receive so much concern in ecation is that ________.

[A] they are expected to be leaders of the society

[B] they might become a burden of the society

[C] they should fully develop their potentials

[D] disabled children deserve special consideration

61. This passage mainly deals with ________.

[A] the differences of children in their learning capabilities

[B] the definition of exceptional children in modern society

[C] the special ecational programs for exceptional children

[D] the necessity of adapting ecation to exceptional children

62. From this passage we learn that the ecational concern for exceptional children ________.

[A] is now enjoying legal support

[B] disagrees with the tradition of the country

[C] was clearly stated by the country's founders

[D] will exert great influence over court decisions

參考答案：ACDA

2019年6月大學英語四級閱讀理解訓練：醫療技術

"I have great confidence that by the end of the decade we'll know in vast detail how cancer cells arise," says microbiologist Robert Weinberg, an expert on cancer. "But," he cautions, "some people have the idea that once one understands the causes, the cure will rapidly follow. Consider Pasteur, he discovered the causes of many kinds of infections, but it was fifty or sixty years before cures were available."

This year, 50 percent of the 910,000 people who suffer from cancer will survive at least five years. In the year 2000, the National Cancer Institute estimates, that figure will be 75 percent. For some skin cancers, the five-year survival rate is as high as 90 percent. But other survival statistics are still discouraging - 13 percent for lung cancer, and 2 percent for cancer of the pancreas.

With as many as 120 varieties in existence, discovering how cancer works is not easy. The researchers made great progress in the early 1970s, when they discovered that oncogenes, which are cancer-causing genes, are inactive in normal cells. Anything from cosmic rays to radiation to diet may activate a dormant oncogene, but how remains unknown. If several oncogenes are driven into action, the cell, unable to turn them off, becomes cancerous.

The exact mechanisms involved are still mysterious, but the likelihood that many cancers are initiated at the level of genes suggests that we will never prevent all cancers. "Changes are a normal part of the evolutionary process," says oncologist William Hayward, Environmental factors can never be totally eliminated; as Hayward points out, "We can't prepare a medicine against cosmic rays."

The prospects for cure, though still distant, are brighter.

"First, we need to understand how the normal cell controls itself, Second, we have to determine whether there are a limited number of genes in cells which are al-ways responsible for at least part of the trouble. If we can understand how cancer works, we can counteract its action."

訓練題

63. The example of Pasteur in the passage is used to ?________.

[A] predict that the secret of cancer will be disclosed in a decade

[B] indicate that the prospects for curing cancer are bright

[C] prove that cancer will be cured in fifty to sixty years

[D] warn that there is still a long way to go before cancer can be conquered

64. The author implies that by the year 2000, ________.

[A] there will be a drastic rise in the five-year survival rate of skin-cancer patients

[B] 90 percent of he skin-cancer patients today will still be living

[C] the survival statistics will be fairly even among patients with various cancers

[D] there won' t be a drastic increase of survival rate of all cancer patients

65. Oncogenes are cancer-causing genes ??________.

[A] that are always in operation in a healthy person

[B] which remain unharmful so long as they are not activated

[C] that can be driven out of normal cells

[D] which normal cell can't turn off

66. The word "dormant" in the third paragraph most probably means ________.

[A] dead

[B] ever-present

[C] inactive

[D] potential

參考答案：DDBC

⑨ 給小學生准備的英語閱讀理解【三篇】

【 #小學英語# 導語】當前毀芹中國的教育體制任然是應試教育，英語亦是，對於學習語言來說，為了對付考試而做題，雖然不很合理，但是確實有一定的幫助和重要性，所以仍然需要接受實際情況，成功的人才喚汪亦比比皆是。以下是 整理的相關資料，希望幫助到您！

【篇一】

Americans usually eat three meals a day. Breakfast usually comes before eight o』clock in the morning. They usually have eggs, some meat, bread, fruit juice and coffee. Lunch is between twelve and one o』clock. It is like a light meal and working people must take lunch with them or get it near workplace.

Children in school take sandwiches, fruit, and cookies with them or eat in school. Supper, the main meal, is between six and eight in the evening. People cook it carefully. They may have meat or chicken, turkey and ck. They may all have potatoes or rice, vegetables or salad. The drink is coffee, tea or milk. Then comes the dessert.

( )1. Americans have breakfast ________.

A. after eight o』clock B. at eight o』clock

C. before eight o』clock in the morning D. in the morning

( )2. _______ is the most important meal in a day.

纖鏈畢A. Breakfast B. Lunch C. Meals D. Supper

( )3. What does 「light」 mean in Chinese? _______

A. 重的 B. 有用的 C. 輕的 D. 不太重要的

( )4. Americans usually have breakfast and supper at ______.

A. home B. office C. inn D. work place

( )5. When Americans have supper, _______ comes last.

A. drink B. meat C. dessert D. vegetables

【篇二】

Perhaps you have heard a lot about the Internet， but what is it， do you know？ The Internet is a network. It uses the telephone to join millions of computers together around the world.

Maybe that doesn『t sound very interesting. But when you』re joined to the Internet， there are lots and lots of things you can do. You can send e-mails to your friends， and they can get them in a few seconds. You can also do with all kinds of information on the World Wide Web(WWW).

There are many different kinds of computers now and they all can be joined to the Internet. Most of them are small machines sitting on people『s desks at home， but there are still many others in schools， offices or large companies. These computers are owned by people and companies， but no one really owns the Internet itself.

There are lots of places for you to go into the Internet. For example， your school may have the Internet. You can use it ring lessons or free time. Libraries often have computers joined to the Internet. You are welcome to use it at any time.

Thanks to the Internet， the world is becoming smaller and smaller. It is possible for you to work at home with a computer in front， getting and sending the information you need. You can buy or sell whatever you want by the Internet. But do you know 98% of the information of the Internet is in English？ So what will English be like tomorrow？

50. What is the passage mainly about？

A. Internet.

B. Information.

C. Computers.

D. E-mails.

51. Which may be the most possible place for people to work in tomorrow？

A. In the office.

B. At school.

C. At home.

D. In the company.

52. What does the writer try to tell us with the last two sentences？

A. Every computer must have the Internet.

B. The Internet is more and more popular.

C. Most of the information is in English.

D. English is important in using the Internet.

【篇三】

Vacations are a chance to take a break from work， see the world and enjoy time with family. But do they make you happier？

Researchers from the Netherlands set out to measure the effect that vacations have on overall happiness and how long it lasts. They studied happiness levels among 1， 530 Dutch alts， 974 of whom took a vacation ring the 32-week study period. The study showed that the largest lift in happiness comes from the simple act of planning a vacation. In the study， the effect of vacation anticipation lifted happiness for eight weeks.

After the vacation， happiness quickly dropped back to baseline levels for most people. How much stress or relaxation a traveler experienced on the trip appeared to influence post-vacation happiness. There was no post-trip happiness benefit for travelers who said the vacation was 「neutral」 or 「stressful.」

Surprisingly， even those travelers who described the trip as 「relaxing」 showed no additional jump in happiness after the trip. 「They were no happier than people who had not been on holiday，」 said the lead author， Jeroen Nawijn， tourism research lecturer at Breda University. The only vacationers who experienced an increase in happiness after the trip were those who reported feeling 「very relaxed」 on their vacation. Among those people， the vacation happiness effect lasted for just two weeks after the trip before returning to baseline levels.

One reason vacations don『t increase happiness after the trip may have to do with the stress of returning to work. And for some travelers， the holiday itself was stressful. 「In comments from people， the thing they mentioned most referred to disagreements with a travel partner or being ill，」 Mr. Nawijn said.

The study didn』t find any relationship between the length of the vacation and overall happiness. Since most of the happiness boost comes from planning and anticipating a vacation， the study suggests that people may get more out of several small trips a year than one big vacation， Mr. Nawijn said.

41. What『s the best title for this passage？

A. Post-vacation happiness

B. Pre-vacation planning

C. Influence to vacations

D. Research on vacations

42. The study implies that

A. The longer the vacation is， the happier the travelers will be.

B. The better you get your vacation planned， the more happiness you will get.

C. It will make you happier if you divide a big vacation into small ones.

D. None of the travelers were happier than those who had not been on holiday，

43. Which of the statements is not mentioned in the passage？

A. People never have additional jump in happiness after the trip.

B. For most people， happiness quickly dropped back to baseline levels after the vacation.

C. The largest lift in happiness comes from the simple act of planning a vacation.

D. Vacations are a chance to get relaxed from work.

44. Which of the following is NOT the reason for not increasing happiness after a trip？

A. You got different ideas with your partners on holiday.

B. You caught a bad cold ring the trip.

C. The worry about whether you could return to work or not.

D. The holiday itself could get you stressed.

45. During the 32-week study period _______ of the people involved took a vacation.

A. about one seconds

C. more than one third

B. about two thirds

D. less than three fifth

⑩ 如何做好英語閱讀理解的教學

閱讀理解在英語試卷中佔比非常高，而且是一道拉分的題目，因此，學生掌握英語閱讀這一塊對於提高英語成績起到關鍵作用。所以，英語老師應該重視閱讀理解這一塊的教學。

一、英語閱讀教學現狀

1英語教學就是課文教學。教學活動就是講解生詞，補充片語，羅列搭配，逐句逐段分析課文結構，不厭其煩分析語法等，重視詞彙，語法教學，忽略閱讀訓練。在一些教師與學生中出現很奇怪現象：學生只做語法和詞彙練習，綜合填空和語篇理解全空著：教師詳細講解語法和詞彙，然而綜合填空和語篇理解部分，只報答案。

2牛津英語教材，每個章節從課文到練習，從聽力到語法都是英語，並且在Moxehnzuaseln.put部分。設置一篇配合課文的閱讀材料。無疑教材本身就是很好的閱讀材料。但是根據《英語教學大綱》對閱讀量的要求：10萬詞以上(一級)，20萬詞左右(二級)。光是教材內容。閱讀面和量是遠遠不夠的，

3由於牛津英語詞彙量大，聽說讀寫都有要求，教師生怕語言點不落實，語法沒講透，不是把閱讀當精讀上，就是把閱讀教學變為課外閱讀，對對答案，劃劃片語。時間上得不到保證，擴大閱讀量，提高閱讀能力往往只是一句空話。

二、如何實施英語閱讀教學

1課前准備階段：(1)教師認真深入細致的備課是首要條件。課前教師應認真研讀和准確把握教材，挖掘教材內容，確定教學的重點和難點，合理安排教學內容的詳略比例，精心設計每個教學步驟，認真准備各種補充材料。(2)學生積極主動學習、思考與探索是實施互動式英語閱讀課教學的前提條件。(3)要做好充分的組織准備工作。事先向學生說明推行互動式英語閱讀教學模式的必要性，使學生能夠接受，並有充分的思想准備。同時還要強調課堂討論發言的紀律，要做到既熱烈有序。才能確保互動式英語教學模式的順利實施，

2課堂教學過程：在閱讀教學中主要以學生討論為主，我在必要時給予啟發與引導。閱讀課的討論活動可安排在閱讀前、閱讀中和閱讀後。閱讀前的討論是圍繞即將閱讀的材料提出話題或問題，通過討論喚起學生對背景知識和閱讀的興趣，使學生對所要閱讀的材料有一定的心理准備，然後帶著目的去讀。例如，在教學SEFC 1A Lessons26-27 Earthquake這篇文章時，可先讓學生討論「What will happen in an earthquake?」這個問題。學生根據自己的生活經驗和知識，想像地震發生時的種.種現象，並做出回答，然後我將他們的答案稍加整理寫在黑板上，以此作為本篇的導讀。閱讀中的討論往往與掠讀、跳讀、細讀等不同層次的閱讀相對應，目的在於讓學生熟悉課文的主要內容、文章的細節、文章的結構和段落大意等。以SEFC 1B Lessons 94-95為例，我要求學生一邊閱讀A Farming Pioneer這篇文章，一邊討論About Jia Sixie，The ad―vice be gave farmers和About the book of Qj Min Yap Shu這些議題，從而讓學生熟悉並了解文章的主要內容和結構。閱讀後的討論，一是為了檢查學生對文章的理解情況，並進行交流：二是總結出文章的中心思想，悟出某些句、段的，評價文章特色和對比文化的差異等。這個階段的討論層次較高，對學生想像能力和創造性思維能力的培養很有幫助。例如。在讀完SEFC 2B Lessons 58-59 Niece tell us讓學生充分發揮想像力，加深對本文主題的理解。又如，讀了SEFC 1B Lessons 74-75 The Secret Is Out這篇故事後，我讓學生主持一個討論會。題為：Can Ms King's story happen in China Why or Why not?通過討論和辯論。學生既習了運用英語進行交際，又討論了男女平等、城鄉差別、東西方文化和社會制度的差異等問題，達到愚思想教育於語言學習之中的目的。

3作業布置：作業布置應充分體現創造性思維能力。例如，在學完SEFC 1B Lesson78 Paper這課後，我讓學生回去思考這樣的問題：What would happen in a modem society without paper?並寫成短文。此類問題往往沒有唯一的答案，學生思考與寫作時不但可以運用大量的語言材料，而且還用到許多學過的知識。我在實踐中發現，學生對這類問題表現出極大的興趣和熱情，同時也鍛煉了學生的書面表在能力。

三、實施英語閱讀教學的體會

1要充分調動學生積極主動參與。這是實施互動式英語閱讀教學的前提條件之一，沒有學生的主動參與，互動式英語閱讀教學就不可能實現。無論是英語基礎知識與基本技能的掌握，還是課堂討論的順利進和都是以學生的主動參與為基礎的。

2注重能力的培養，特別是創造性思維能力的培養。在課堂教學中我主要致力於教會學生如何學好英語知識以及如何提高閱讀能力的方法，引導學生學會怎樣歸納概括英語知識，學會正確的思維方法，培養學生善於發現問題，解決問題的能力。採用啟發式的講授，鼓勵學生大膽質疑求異，啟發討論，辯論等各種方法，以啟發智力發展，提高學生的創新能力。

3教師要有充分的耐心與信心，要持之以恆。允許學生有個發展的過程，剛開始時學生往往會做得差些，但是一旦學生形成了自主學習的習慣，掌握了一定的能力之後，效果是非常好的。它能極大提高學生掌握知識與技能的速度。真正培養學生的主動性和創造性，提高學生的閱讀理解能力。

4互動教學模式使學生得到了一定程度的解放，但對教師的能力要求大大提高了。它既要求教師對學生更加全面細致的了解，又要求教師深入鑽研教材，大力提高自己的科研能力，概括時代要求，不斷探索教育教學理論，更新教育教學的觀念與方法，適應互動閱讀教學模式的要求。

閱讀是一個綜合過程，能力的提高更是一個循序漸進的過程。為此，不同年級應有不同閱讀達標要求，課堂上各階段的閱讀理解訓練也應隨之有所側重。總之，教師若能結合學生的認知水平，合理、靈活運用不同的方法於閱讀課文教學中，高中英語閱讀教學目標是完全能夠實現的。