2019年英語二閱讀逐句

1. 2019年高考英語全國卷2 - 閱讀理解A

My Favourite Books
我最喜歡的書

Jo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will series of lifestyle books. Here she picks her top reads.
喬·烏斯馬是《時尚》雜志的一位作家，也是介紹生活方式的This Book Will系列的合著者。以下是她推薦的最佳讀物。

Matilda 瑪蒂爾達

Roald Dahl 羅爾德·達爾

I once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl's writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful worlds. Matilda's battles with her cruel parents and the bossy headmistress, Miss Trunchbull, are equally funny and frightening, but they're also aspirational.
我曾經寫過一篇關於童話故事對羅爾德·達爾寫作的影響的論文，讓我對他的奇怪而又令人愉悅的世界產生了新的認知。瑪蒂爾達與殘忍的父母和專橫的女校長特倫奇布爾小姐的斗爭同樣有趣又可怕，但也同樣鼓舞人心。

After Dark 天黑以後

Haruki Murakami 村上春樹

It』s about two sisters-Eri, a model who either won』t or can』t stop sleeping, and Mari, a young student. In trying to connect to her sister, Mari starts changing her life and discovers a world of diverse 」night people」 who are hiding secrets.
這是關於兩姐妹愛麗和瑪麗的故事，永遠想睡覺的模特愛麗和年輕的學生瑪麗。瑪麗在試圖聯系她姐姐的過程中，開始改變自己的生活，發現了一個由各種各樣的「夜貓子」組成的世界，他們都在隱藏著秘密。

Gone Girl 消失的愛人

Gillian Flynn 吉莉安·弗琳

There was a bit of me that didn't want to love this when everyone else on the planet did, but the horror story is brilliant. There's tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust. It's a real whonit and the frustration when you realise what's going on is horribly enjoyable.
當這個星球上的其他人都喜歡這本書的時候，我其實有一點不喜歡，但這個恐怖故事很精彩。尼克和艾米為獲取你的信任互相爭斗，從一開始就充滿了緊張和焦慮。這是一部真正的偵探小說，當你意識到正在發生的事情會讓你感到沮喪，卻又相當享受。

The Stand 末日逼近

Stephen King 斯蒂芬·金

This is an excellent fantasy novel from one of the best storytellers around. After a serious flu outbreak wipes out 99.4% of the world's population, a battle unfolds between good and evil among those left. Randall Flagg is one of the scariest characters ever.
這是一本優秀的奇幻小說，作者是世界上最會講故事的人之一。在一場嚴重的流感疫情奪去了全球99.4%的人口之後，在剩下的人之間展開了一場正義與邪惡的戰爭。蘭德爾·弗拉格是有史以來最恐怖的角色之一。

2. 19考研英語閱讀文章長難句看不懂，怎麼做我單詞都認識。

長短句是考研英語的一大重難點，打好長短句翻譯基礎，將會給我們的翻譯和作文帶來巨大的幫助。
1. According to accounts of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also it was dimmed.
【分析】復合句。句子主幹為 their hourly output rose。 連接兩個由 when 引導的並列時間狀語從句，後一時間狀語從句中 it 指代的是 lighting。 此處注意 not only...but also...結構在實際運用中可以省略 not only 或 but also。 According to作狀語。
【譯文】實驗報告表明，當照明燈變亮時，女工們每小時的產出會增加，而當照明燈變暗時，她們每小時的產出仍會增加。
【拓展】account 作名詞時，常用意為「理由，解釋」或 「賬目、賬單」，本句中的意思是「報告、描述」。作動詞時，常與 for 搭配，意為「說明...的原因;(在數量、比例方面)占」。
2. In an experiment published in 1988, social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of Wurzburg in Germany asked volunteers to hold a pen either with their teeth—thereby creating an artificial smile—or with their lips, which would proce a disappointed expression.
【分析】復合句。句子主幹為 social psychologist FritzStrack ...asked volunteers to hold a pen...。句首的介詞短語作整句話的狀語;either with ...or with... 作動詞 hold 的方式狀語，第一個狀語後的現在分詞短語作目的狀語，第二個狀語後 which 引導非限定性定語從句。
【譯文】1988年發表過一項實驗，德國維爾茨堡大學的社會心理學家弗里茨·斯特拉克和他的同事們招募了一批志願者。他們讓一部分人用牙齒咬住一支筆，從而在臉上製造出「人工笑臉」;或是用嘴唇叼著筆，從而產生「沮喪表情」。
3. Laughter does proce short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, boosting heart rate and oxygen consumption.
【分析】簡單句。句子主幹為 Laughter does proce short-term changes。 介詞短語 in the function of...作 changes 的後置定語，句末的現在分詞短語 boosting...作伴隨狀語。
【譯文】「笑」確實能給心血管帶來短期的變化，提高心率以及對氧氣的吸收。
4. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in waysthat weaken the court's reputation for being independent and impartial.
【分析】復合句。主句主幹為 justices acted。in several instances 和 in ways作狀語， that 引導定語從句修飾ways。
【譯文】然而，在一些情況下，法官的行為方式削弱了法院保持中立且公正的名聲。

3. 2019年 高考英語 新課標2 閱讀理解精析

A

My Favourite Books

    Jo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author合著者  of the This Book Will series (系列) of lifestyle books. Here she picks her top reads.

Matilda

Roald Dahl

    I once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales童話故事 on Roald Dahl's writing and it gave me a new appreciation認識絕遲,了解  for his strange and delightful worlds. Matilda'扒宏猜s battles with her cruel parents and the bossy headmistress , Miss Trunchbull, are equally funny and frightening, but they're also aspirational .

After Dark

Haruki Murakami

    It's about two sisters — Eri, a model who either won't or can't stop sleeping, and Mari, a young student. In trying to connect to her sister, Mari starts changing her life and discovers a world of diverse "night people" who are hiding secrets .

Gone Girl

Gillian Flynn

    There was a bit of me that didn't want to love this when everyone else on the planet did, but the horror story is brilliant. There's tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust. It's a real whonit and the frustration when you realize what's going on is horribly enjoyable.

The Stand

Stephen King

    This is an excellent fantasy novel from one of the best storytellers around. After a serious flu outbreak wipes out 99.4% of the world's population, a battle unfolds between good and evil among those left. Randall Flagg is one of the scariest characters ever.

B

    "You can use me as a last resort (選擇) , and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do it." This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids' lacrosse (長曲棍春型球) club.

    I guess that there's probably some demanding work schele or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren't even on ... At this point , the unwilling parent speaks up , "Alright. Yes, I'll do it."

    I'm secretly relieved because I know there's real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many. The unwilling parent organizes the meal schele , sends out emails , and collects money for end-of-season gifts. Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team. The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal .

    Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close . That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more: Connecting to the community (社區) as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy . Volunteering just feels so good.

    In that sense , I'm pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I'd freely like to admit . However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies?

C

    Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach's Bar Louie counter by herself , quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel's "me" time. And like more Americans, she's not alone.

    A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half (53 percent) have breakfast alone and nearly half (46 percent) have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report.

    "I prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but together, you know?" Bechtel said, looking up from her book. Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with coworkers sometimes, but like many of us, too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder . She returns to work feeling energized . " Today, I just wanted some time to myself, " she said.

    Just two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny, a local videographer, is finishing his lunçh at the bar . He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction (交流) . "I reflect on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week," he said. " It's a chance for self-reflection. You return to work recharged and with a plan ."

    That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone . There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. "It doesn't feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology," said Laurie Demeritt, whose company provided the statistics for the report.

D

    Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms (微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem? It's turning into a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It is depending on NASA HUNCH high school classrooms, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.

    HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordon's students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they 're close to a solution (解決方案). "We don't give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers," says Florence Gold, a project manager.

    "There are no tests," Gordon says. "There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other than 'Are you working towards your goal?' Basically, it's 'I've got to proce this proct and then, at the end of the year, present it to NASA.' Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and ... it's not a very nice thing at times . It's a hard business review of your proct."

    Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact (影響) on college admissions and practical life skills . "These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back . I don't teach." And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space.

4. 2019年高考英語全國卷2 - 閱讀理解D

Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem? It』s turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It is depending on NASA HUNCH high school classrooms, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.
對宇航員來說，細菌是個煩人的問題。來自我們身體的微生物在國際空間站的表面不受控制地生長，所以宇航員每周要花數小時來清理它們。NASA是如何克服這個非常細微的大問題的？現在輪到一群高中生了，但不是所有高中生，這取決於NASA HUNCH高中課程，比如紐約州費爾波特市費爾波特高中的科學教師吉恩·戈登和唐娜·哈姆伯格。

HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordon』s students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they』re close to a solution. 「We don』t give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers,」 says Florence Gold, a project manager.
HUNCH目的是將高中課程與NASA工程師連接。在過去的兩年裡，戈登的學生們一直在研究如何在零重力下殺死細菌，他們認為已經接近解決方案。項目經理弗洛倫斯·戈爾德說：「我們不給學生任何休息時間，他們必須像NASA的工程師一樣去做」。

「There are no tests,」 Gordon says. 「There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other than 『Are you working towards your goal?』 Basically, it』s 『I』ve got to proce this proct and then, at the end of year, present it to NASA.』 Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and...it』s not a very nice thing at times. It』s a hard business review of your proct.」
戈登說：「沒有考試，沒有評分作業。除了『你正在朝著你的目標努力嗎？』之外，幾乎沒有評分。基本上，它是『我必須生產這個產品，然後在年底前提交給NASA』。工程師們親自來做審查，然後……有時這並不好，對你的產品進行商業審查很難。」

Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact on college admissions and practical life skills. 「These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don』t teach.」 And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space.
戈登說HUNCH 項目對大學入學和實際生活技能有影響。「這些孩子全神貫注於學習，我只是在那坐著，我不教他們。」那討厭的細菌呢？戈登說，他的學生每天都在給NASA的工程師發郵件，討論這個問題，准備一個可行的解決方案，在太空進行測試。

5. 2019年高考英語全國卷2 - 閱讀理解B

「You can use me as a last resort, and if nobody else volunteers，then I will do it.」 This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids lacrosse club.
「你可以將我作為最後選擇，如果沒有模困唯其他人做志願者，我來做。」這是在我向我的孩子長曲棍球俱樂部提出志願者請求後一位家長的真實回答。

I guess that there's probably some demanding work schele, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren』t even on … At this point the unwilling parent speaks up, 「Alright. Yes, I』ll do it.」
我想可能有一些苛刻的工作安排，或者幫助一項未知的運動產生社交焦慮。她可能只需要一些說服，所以我得再試一次，動之以情。我提到有一個有四個孩子的單親家長在主持節目，有一位父親在指導一個他的孩子甚至都不在其中的團隊……此時，這位不情願的旦培家長大聲說，「好吧，是的，我來做。」

I』m secretly relieved because I know there』s real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many. The unwilling parent organizes the meal schele, sends out emails, and collects money for end-of-season gifts. Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team. The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal.
我暗自鬆了一口氣，因為我知道在許多人之間分擔志願者的責任具有真正的力量。不情願的家長會安尺衡排用餐計劃，發送電子郵件，並為季末禮物籌款。在這個過程中，這些家長最終成為了團隊中不可或缺的一員。教練可以把注意力集中在孩子身上，而其他家長則可以松一口氣，不用再為下一個賽季操心。向充滿鬥志的孩子們分發一片片橙子就像看著自己的孩子進球一樣令人興奮。

Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more: Connecting to the community as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels so good.
然而，當季節結束時，我們大多數志願者都鬆了一口氣。這種寬慰與深刻理解就是為什麼這些人持續做志願者的原因：與社區建立聯系，當你自由地投入時間、金錢、技能或服務時，你會感到真正的快樂。做志願者感覺真好。

In that sense, I』m pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I』d freely like to admit. However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies?
從這個意義上說，我真的認為志願服務更是一種我不願意承認的自私行為。然而，如果其他人在這個過程中受益，而我也得到了一些回報，那麼我的動機真的重要嗎？

6. 英語閱讀，逐句翻譯

翻譯答案如下：

My son Joey was born with club feet. The doctors assured us that with treatment he would be able to walk normally - but would never run very well. The first three years of his life were spent in surgery, casts and braces. By the time he was eight, you wouldn't know he had a problem when you saw him walk.
我的兒子瓊尼先天性平足。醫生向我們保證說經過治療他可以正常行走，但是不能跑得很好。他生命中的第一個三歲之前一直在接受治療並使用拐杖。在他八歲的時候，當你看著他走路時，你不會知道他的腳其實是有問題的。

The children in our neighborhood ran around as most children do ring play, and Joey would jump right in and run and play, too. We never told him that he probably wouldn't be able to run as well as the other children. So he didn't know.
鄰居的小孩子們做游戲的時候他總是跑過來跑過去。毫無疑問小瓊尼看到他們玩就會馬上加進去跑啊鬧的。我們從不告訴他不能像別的孩子那樣跑，我們從不說他和別的孩子不一樣。因為我們不對他說，所以他不知道。

In seventh grade he decided to go out for the cross-country team. Every day he trained with the team. He worked harder and ran more than any of the others - perhaps he sensed that the abilities that seemed to come naturally to so many others did not come naturally to him. Although the entire team runs, only the top seven runners have the potential to score points for the school. We didn't tell him he probably would never make the team, so he didn't know.
七年級的時候，瓊尼決定參加跑步橫穿全美的比賽。每天他和大夥一塊訓練，也許是意識到自己先天不如別人，他訓練得比任何人都刻苦。訓練隊的前7名選手可以參加最後比賽，為學校拿分。我們沒有告訴瓊尼。也許會落空，所以他不知道。

He continued to run four to five miles a day, every day - even the day he had a 103-degree fever. I was worried, so I went to look for him after school. I found him running all alone. I asked him how he felt. "Okay," he said. He had two more miles to go. The sweat ran down his face and his eyes were glassy from his fever. Yet he looked straight ahead and kept running. We never told him he couldn't run four miles with a 103-degree fever. So he didn't know.
他堅持每天跑4~5英里。我永遠不會忘記有一次,他發著高燒，但仍堅持訓練。我為他擔心，於是去學校看他。發現他正在一個人沿著長長的林蔭道跑步。我問他感覺怎麼樣，"很好。"他說，還剩下最後兩英里。他滿臉是汗，眼睛因為發燒失去了光彩。然而他目不斜視，堅持著跑下來。我們從沒有告訴他不能發著高燒去跑4英里的路，我們從沒有這樣對他說，所以他不知道。

Two weeks later, the names of the team runners were called. Joey was number six on the list. Joey had made the team. He was in seventh grade - the other six team members were all eighth-graders. We never told him he shouldn't expect to make the team. We never told him he couldn't do it. We never told him he couldn't do it...so he didn't know. He just did it.
兩個星期後，在決賽前的3天，長跑隊的名次被確定下來。瓊尼是第六名，他成功了。他才是個七年級生，而其餘的人都是八年級生。我們從沒有告訴他不要去期望入選，我們從沒有對他說他不會成功。是的,從沒說起過……所以他不知道,但他卻做到了!