華師在線英語閱讀理解
2019年6月大學英語四級閱配殲讀理解培猛沖訓練：夢
Of all the components of a good night's sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by thelate 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just "mental noise"-the random byprocts of the neural repair work that goes on ring sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is "off line." And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better. "It's your dream," says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychologyat Chicago's Medical Center, "if you don't like it, change it."
he link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright's clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated ring the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don't always think about the emotional significance of the day's events-until, it appears, we begin to dream.
知脊And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualizehow you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.
At the end of the day, there's probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or "we wake up in panic," Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people's anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings.Sleep-or rather dream-on it and you'll feel better in the morning.
練習題：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.By saying that 「dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat," (Lines 4-5, Para. 1) the researchers mean that _______.
A.we can think logically in the dreams too
B.dreams can be brought under conscious control
C.dreams represent our unconscious desires and fears
D.dreams can help us keep our mood comparatively stable
2.What did Cartwright find in her clinic?
A.Most bad dreams were followed by happier ones.
B.Divorced couples usually have more bad dreams.
C.One』s dreaming process is related to his emotion.
D.People having negative feelings dream more often.
3.Cartwright believed with much practice，we can learn to _____.
A.control what dreams to dream
B.sleep well without any dreams
C.wake up in time to stop the bad dreams
D.identify what is upsetting about the dreams
4.The author points out that a person who has constant bad dreams should ______
A.learn to control his dreams
B.consult a doctor
C.sleep and dream on it
D.get rid of anxiety first
5.The author most probably thinks that controlling dreams is ______.
A.a good practice
B.a new discovery
C.helpful for everyone
D.not essential for everyone
參考答案及解析
1.[D] 詞義理解題。在第1段第4句中，逗號後面的regulating moods是對emotional thermostat的功能進行解釋說明，因此可以推斷出選項D正確。
2.[C] 事實細節題。最具干擾的是選項A，因為其陳述與第2段第2句的陳述有點相似,但是，此長句說的是大多數人上半夜做噩夢，之後都會做好夢，而不是像選項A中所說大多數噩夢之後是好夢。而且，根據本段第1 句，很明顯，選項C是這一句的近義替換。
3 [C] 推理判斷題。本題考査對代詞的理解。在第3段的最後一句中，代詞it應指上文說到的控制噩夢，及時醒來等做法，因此只有選項C涉及了其中一個做法。選項A太泛了，選項B和D在文中並無提及。
4.[B] 事實細節題。本題考查根據構詞法猜測詞義的能力。解題關鍵是推斷最後一段第3句中therapist的意義，在考綱詞彙表中，therapy是「治療」的意思，因此，therapist應該是專門負責某種治療的醫生，由此可見，選項B是對原文seek help from a therapist的近義替換。
5.[D] 觀點態度題。根據最後一句可以推斷作者認為如無必要，夢還是不要控制的好。做夢會讓你早上感覺舒服一些，因此本題應選D。
2019年6月大學英語四級閱讀理解訓練：機器人跳舞
The dancers stand motionless at their position and the room grows silent. But as the music starts, they began to move, bending, turning and waving their fans gracefully as they perform. a traditional Japanese dance. Yoshihiro Kuroki watches in silence, occasionally making notes. But as the dance ends, he beams with happiness. The performance has been flawless.
There have been many performances of traditional Japanese dances over the centuries, but this one is unique,because it is performed not by human dancers but by robots. And the performance takes place not in a dance studio but in a laboratory of Sony Corp.'s Entertainment Robot Co. in Shinagawa, Japan, where Kuroki isgeneral manager. He is the mastermind behind a series of even more capable humanoid entertainment robots,starting with the Sony Dream Robot, or SDR, in 1997, up to the current QRIO in 2003.
These delightful machines are only 58 cm tall, about the size of a newborn infant, weigh about 7 kg, and move with 38 degrees of freedom, each with its own servomotor(輔助馬達).
QRIO's predecessor, the SDR4X, announced in 2002, can walk, dance, sing, speak, recognize faces, and understand continuous speech. Each robot has two charge-coupled-device cameras to detect color and position andcan locate a colored ball, move toward it, and kick it into a goal. It also has contact sensors in severaljoints to avoid pinching real human fingers. Seeing the robot perform, it is difficult to remember that there is no sentience(知覺)behind those glass eyes.
練習題：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.Which of the following is the most suitable title of this passage?
A.New Entertainment Robots Proced in Japan.
B.QRIO the Robot Dancers.
C.Robots Man's Best Friend.
D.An Extraordinary Performance in Sony's Lab.
2.Yoshihiro Kuroki ______.
A.is excited when the robots are performing a traditional Japanese dance
B.keeps silent because he is a little unsatisfied with the new proct
C.witnesses the creation of a series of entertainment robots
D.is an executive manager of Sony Corp.
3.Which aspect of the robots is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A.The vividness of their motion.
B.Their pleasant appearance.
C.Their smart designing principles.
D.Their communicative ability.
4.The Sony Dream Robot was___
A.the first human-like entertainment robot developed by the Sony Corp
B.as capable as the QRIO of speaking,dancing,singing and walking
C.largest among all the entertainment robot developed by the Sony Corp
D.the first entertainment robot sold at the market by the Sony Corp
5.The robot can locate colored balls by mens of ____
A.a charge-coupled device
B.two cameras
C.two contacts sensors
D.a digital detector
參考答案及解析
1.[A] 主旨大意題。標題需要既全面又突出地概括文章的主題。本文先是描述「舞蹈演員」，然後揭曉這是些「機器人」(第2段第1句)，接著對Sony公司的一些機器人產品進行詳細介紹。選項A比較全面地概括了文章內容。選項B、D只是涉及細節，不能全面地概括本文的內容。而C又過於籠統，不具有針對性。
2.[C] 事實細節題。選項C符合第2段最後一句「He is the mastermind behind a series of... robots...」。仔細閱讀有關的細節信息會發現,第1段第3句可幫助否定選項A。第1段最後兩句可幫助否定選項B。另外，根據第2段倒數第2句可否定選項D。
3.[D] 事實細節題。全文分四段，分別討論機器人三方面的特點：第1段和第2段描述機器人舞蹈演員栩栩如生的表演，即選項A;第3段描寫它們的外表，即選項B;第4段介紹它們巧妙的設計，即選項C;只有選項D是沒有提到的，故為答案。
4.[A] 推理判斷題。該句中的分詞結構「starting with...」表明the Sony Dream Robot是第一個人形娛樂機器人，因此選項A正確。文章在最後一段的第1句提到兩種能說話、跳舞的機器人，但沒有提到SDR是否和它們一樣，由此可否定選項B。在第3段討論機器人大小的時候也沒有提到SDR體型最大，因此選項C不正確。選項D在文中沒有討論到。
5.[B] 事實細節題。該句中「two…cameras to...」的結構表明這兩個攝像頭可以用於定位，所以選項B正確。選項A在該句中也有提到，但它只是攝像機的工作機制，而不是用於定位的裝置。選項C在下一句提到，但與題干提到的定位功能無關。選項D在文中並未提及。
2019年6月大學英語四級閱讀理解訓練：決定嬰兒性別
Henry III didn't know much about biology. He went through six wives back in the 1500s, looking for one whocould bear him a son. Scientists now know that it's the father's sperm, not the mother's egg, which determines whether a baby is a boy or a girl. And last week researchers at the Genetics and IVF Institute, a private fertility(生育能力)center in Virginia, announced a new technique that will allow parents to choose the sex of their baby-to-be, before it has even been conceived. The scientist used a tiny laser detector to measure the DNA in millions of sperm cells as they pass single file through a narrow tube, like cattle being herded through a corral(牲口欄). In a study published last week, "girl sperm," which has more DNA—the genetic material— in each cell, was collected, while "boy sperm" was discarded. And when purified girl sperm was used to impregnate(使受孕)a group of mothers, 15 of 17 resulting babies turned out to be girls.
The researchers say that "sex selection" can also double a mother's chance of having a son and can be usedto avoid genetic diseases that affect only one gender, such as hemophilia(血友病). But some experts, like New York University fertility specialist Dr. Jamie Grifo, worry that sex selection could lead to a kind ofin uteri(子宮)discrimination, especially in cultures where sons are considered superior to daughters. "It's valuing one gender' over another," Grifo says. "I don't think that's something we should be doing." So far, patients at the institute have been asking for both boys and girls, in order to "balance" their families. And some ethics experts say that's fine, as long as parents are just looking for a little gender variety. "If you have three boys, and you want a girl," says University of Texas reproctive-law professor John Robertson, "that's not gender bias at all."
練習題：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.The DNA in the sperm cells can be measured ______.
A.in the same way how the cattle are herded
B.when they pass through a tube one behind the other
C.after they pass through a laser tube
D.when they are scanned by a laser detector all at a time
2.The gender of the baby is decided by ______.
A.the father's DNA
B.the mother's DNA
C.the father's sperm
D.the mother's egg
3.According to this passage, the practice of "sex selection" ______.
A.can help to prevent all genetic problems
B.is totally unacceptable to ethics experts
C.was already realized five hundred years ago
D.will benefit families with certain inheritable diseases
4.Girl sperm was preferred to boy sperm in the research most probably because____
A.girl sperm contains more genetic material
B.more mother want to have girl babies
C.girl sperm is healthier and more active
D.girl sperm is more easily purified
5.It can be concluded from the passage that author』s toward」sex selection」is____
A.negative
B.positive
C.neutral
D.favorable
參考答案及解析
1.[B] 推理判斷題。解答本題的關鍵在於推斷single file的意思。該句把精子通過試管的情形與牛群被趕入牲口圈的情形作對比，結合single一詞本身的意思，可以推斷single file是「一個接一個」的意思，只有選項B能表達這個意思，由此也可否定選項D。選項A最具干擾性，原句是把精子通過試管的情形比作牛群被趕人牲口圈的情形，而選項A說的是測定精子內DNA的方法與放牧的方法相同，顯然選項A只是引用了原文的某些詞語，但表達的意思與原文卻截然不同。
2.[C] 事實細節題。第1段第3句which引導的非限制性定語從句修飾的是the father's sperm，而不是插入語the mother』s egg,因此選項C正確。
3.[D] 推理判斷題。第2段第1句中的genetic暗示有些疾病是遺傳的，即如選項D所述。第2段第1句同時表明選項A的說法是不全面的。選項B與第2段最後兩句正好相反。第1段前兩句說明選項C是錯誤的。
4.[A] 事實細節題。第1段倒數第2句中的由which引導的定語從句表明選項A的敘述正確。
5.[C] 觀點態度題。文章第2段中作者給出了一些反對者和贊成者的觀點，但是沒有加以評論，可以看出作者的態度是中立的，故選項C正確。
『貳』 公共英語三級閱讀理解A試題
2017公共英語三級閱讀理解A試題
按照官方說法，公共英語三級相當於大學英語四級的水平，還是比較難的。下面是我整理的公共英語三級試題，希望能幫到大家!
Section II Reading
( 50 minutes)
Part A
Directions:
Read the following two texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
Text 1
Rowena and Billy Wrangler are model high school students. They study hard and do extremely well on achievement tests. And next year, Rowena will be attending Harvard University. Billy, her younger brother, hopes to go to Com ell. What makes Rowena and Billy different from most students is that they don't go to school. In fact, they've never been to school. Since kindergarten, they've studied at home. Neither Rowena nor Billy feels as if they've missed out on anything by being taught at home. Like many of more than one million people who receive home schooling in the United States, they feel as if they've gotten a good ecation.
The home-schooling trend began in the U.S. in the 1980s with parents keeping their children out of public schools so they could provide religious ecation at home. Today, as the home-schooling trend continues to grow, parents are more likely to consider home schooling as an option because they believe schools don't do a very good job of teaching and are occasionally dangerous places. But can parents really do a better job?
The answer in many cases is yes. In many studies, students taught at home ranked average or above average when compared to students who went to public schools. More importantly, these students were often more self-directed and have a greater depth of knowledge. "They are very well prepared for academic challenges," says Patricia Riordan, the dean of admissions at George Mason
University.
One such student, Robert Conrad, now a sophomore at university, claims he really learned how to study and schele his time ring his eight years of home schooling. Still, not every student is as successful as Robert.
"For every home-schooling success story, there are an equal number of failures," states Henry Lipscomb, an ecational researcher. "There are just so many disadvantages that students taught at home have to overcome. " For example, they have fewer chances to interact with others of their own age. Consequently, they sometimes lack the usual social skills. "No matter what, though," states Lipscomb, "home-schooling is a growing trend. I think we'll be seeing more and more of this. "
26. Compared with other students, the most different thing Rowena and Billy do is that________
A. they study hard
B . they do extremely well on achievement tests
C . they never go to school
D . they feel they have gotten a good ecation
27. At first in the 1980s parents gave home-schooling to children for________
A. better ecation
B . religious ecation
C . safety
D . all the above
28. According to the article, what is NOT the advantage of being ecated at home?
A. Home is a safer place for children.
B . Students taught at home are more self-directed.
C . Students taught at home have a greater depth of knowledge.
D . Students taught at home can go to good universities.
29. The Walter thinks
A.parents can do a better job than schools
B . home-schooling will be more and more useful
C . students taught at home make greater achievements
D . home-schooling is good in some aspects
30. The best title of this text might be________
A. Home-schooling: A Growing Trend
B . Home-schooling: A Better Choice
C . Home-schooling: A Way to Success
D . Home-schooling: A New Method of Ecation
Text 2
A smile is a strong sign of a friendly and open attitude and a willingness to communicate. It is a positive, silent sign sent with the hope the other person will smile back. When you smile, you
show you have noticed the person in a positive way. The result? That person will usually smile back.
You might not realize a closed position is the cause of many conversational problems. A common closed position is sitting with your arms and legs crossed and your hand covering your mouth or chin. This is often called the "thinking pose". Ask yourself this question: Are you going to interrupt someone who appears .to be deep in thought? This position gives off "stay away" signs and prevents your main "sign sender" ( your mouth) from being seen by others looking for inviting conversational signs.
The open body position is most effective when you place yourself within communicating distance of the other person--that is, within about five feet. Take care, however, not to enter someone's "personal space" by getting too close, too soon.
Leaning forward a little while a person is talking shows your interest and how you are listening to what the person is saying. By doing this, you are saying: I hear what you're saying, and I'm interested in--keep talking!
Often people will lean back with their hands over their mouth, chin, or behind their head in the "thinking" pose. This position gives off signs of judgment, doubt, and lack of interest from the listener. Since most people do not feel comfortable when they think they are being judged, this leaning-back position serves to prevent the speaker from continuing.
In many cultures the most common form of first contact between two people is a handshake. Be the first to extend your hand in greeting. Couple this with a friendly "Hello", a nice smile, and your name and you have made the first step to open the lines of communication.
Eye contact should be natural, not forced or overdone. Direct eye contact shows you are listening to the other person and that you want to know about her.
31. A person smiles to show________
A. he is kind and useful
B . he is happy all the time
C . he is ready to talk with you
D . he sees something funny
32. According to the text, troubles in communication may result from________
A. a dosed body position
B . an open body position
C . no smile
D . the main " sign senders"
33. Leaning back with your hands behind your head in deep thought while a person is talking________
A. shows you are interested in and listening to what the speaker is saying
B . shows you want to keep some distance from the speaker
C . makes him think-you are thinking about something else
D . makes him believe you are not interested in his talk
34. All of the following gestures encourage communication except________
A. leaning forward a little while a person is talking
B . crossing your arms
C . looking in others' eyes
D . extending your hand in greeting
35. From the text we know that________
A. communication depends.ads little on verbal language and much on body language
B . gestures always prevent the "sign sender" (mouth)
C . we should pay much attention to body language
D . eye contact is always helpful
答案解析：
PartA
Text l
篇章分析
本文是一篇議論文。文章一開始通過一個實例引出本文的話題——家庭學校潮流，之後介紹了家庭學校潮流的起源，此後作者提出了問題——家長能做得比學校更好嗎?之後對此問題展開了分析，第三段和第四段論述家庭學校的好處以及成功的例子，第五段則從另外一方面論證家庭學校這種教育方式的缺陷。
答案及解析
26.【答案】c
【題型】細節題
【解析】題干意為“與其他學生相比，Rowena和Billy最不同尋常的地方是什麼?”從文章第一段第五句話“What makes Rowena and Billy differ-ent from most students is that they don’t go to school.”可以看出，他們最與眾不同之處在於他們從來沒有去過學校上學，因此正確答案為C。
27.【答案】B
【題型】細節題
【解析】題干意為“起初在20世紀踟年代父母給孩子們進行家庭學校教育是為了什麼?”從文章第二段第一句話中“…SO they could pro-vide religiOUS ecation at home.”可以看出，他們這樣做是為了在家中給孩子們進行宗教教育，因此正確答案為8。
28.【答案】D
【題型】細節題
【解析】題干意為“根據文章，下面哪一條不是家庭學校的優點?”這道題需要把四個選項和原文逐一對比、逐一排除。從文章第二段倒數第二句話中“…they believe schools…Are occasionally dangerous places.”可以排除A，從文章第三段第三句話“More importantly，these students are often mole self-directed and have a greater depth of knowl·edge.”可以排除B和c，而文章沒有談到家庭學校和上好大學的聯系，因此正確答案為D。
29.【答案】D
【題型】推理題
【解析】題干意為“作者的觀點是什麼?”文章第三、四、五段談到家庭學校既有優勢也有缺陷，因此A、B、C都有失片面，而D“在一些方面家庭學校不錯”更合文意。故選D。
30.【答案】A
【題型】主旨題
【解析】題干意為“文章最好的標題是什麼?”A家庭學校：一個不斷發展的趨勢，8家庭學校：一個更好的選擇，C家庭學校：一條通往成功的道路，D家庭學校：一種新的教育方式。根據文章主題，B、C都有失片面，而D則不準確，家庭學校在上世紀80年代就有了，並不是新的教育方式，而文章第二段和最後一段都提到家庭學校是一種趨勢，因此A最貼切文意。故選A。
Text 2
篇章分析
本文是一篇說明文，介紹了姿勢或肢體語言對於交流的重要性。文章第一段介紹了微笑是交流的積極信號，第二段講述一些封閉的姿勢如雙手交叉等會給交流帶來麻煩，第三段講述與人交流時兩人最好應保持在5英寸的距離內，第四段講述將身體略微前傾能顯示出交流的`興趣，第五段介紹了一些顯示出沒興趣交流的肢體語言，第六段介紹握手的作用和方式，最後一段介紹目光交流的重要性和方式。
答案及解析
31.【答案】C
【題型】推理題
【解析】題干意為“一個人微笑表示什麼?”從文章第一段第一句話“A smile is a strong sign of a friendly and open attitude and a willingness to communicate.”可以看出，微笑是友好、開放、樂意交流的強烈信號，因此可判斷正確答案為C。
32.【答案】A
【題型】細節題
【解析】題干意為“根據文章，交流中的麻煩可能是由於什麼造成的?”由文章第二段第一句話中的“a closed position is the cause of many conversational problems”可以看出答案為A。
33.【答案】D
【題型】推理題
【解析】題干意為“當別人在說話時，你雙手放在腦袋後面，身體向後仰，陷入沉思，這會怎樣?”這道題需要把四個選項和原文逐一對比、逐一排除。從文章第五段前兩句“0ften people will lean back with their hands...or behind their head in the“thinkin9”pose.This position gives off signs of...lack of interest from the listener.”，因此可見正確答案為D。
34.【答案】B
【題型】細節題
【解析】題干意為“以下所有的姿勢中，除了哪一種以外其他姿勢都有助於交流?”文章第二段第二句話中談到“A common closed position is sitting with your allns and legs crossed...”因此8雙臂交叉是一種封閉姿勢，阻礙交流，所以正確答案為8。
35.【答案】C
【題型】推理題
【解析】題干意為“從這篇文章中我們可以知道什麼?”A交流幾乎不靠口頭語言，大部分靠肢體語言，B姿勢總是會阻礙“信號發出器” (嘴巴)，c我們應該多注意肢體語言，D眼神交流總是有幫助。A、B、D都過於絕對，c最貼切文意。故正確答案為c。
;『叄』 3月公共英語二級閱讀理解真題解析
2015年3月公共英語二級閱讀理解真題解析
明天就是公共英語三級考試開考的時間的，本次公共英語三級考試的級別是一到三級。下面是我整理的公共英語二級2015年的閱讀理解真題，歡迎閱讀!
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的[A]、[B]、[C]和[D]四個選項中，選出最佳選項，並在答題卡上將該項塗黑。
Text 1
William Kunz is a computer genius(天才).When he was just 11, Kunz started writing soft-ware programs, and by 14 he had worked out his own computer game.As a high school first-yearstudent in Houston, Texas, he won first prize in a science fair for a program he wrote.In his thirdyear, he took top prize in an international science and engineering fair for designing a program toanalyze and sort DNA patterns.
Kunz went to attend Carnegie Mellon, one of the nation' s highest-ranked universities in computer science.After college he got a job with Oracle in Silicon Valley, writing software used bycompanies around the world.
Three years later, Kunz is in his first year at Harvard Business School.He left software engineering partly because he earned much less than his friends who were going into law or business.
He also worried about job security(保障), especially as more companies move their programmingoutside the country to lower costs.
56.What does the first paragraph mainly tell us?
A.Kunz won several top prizes.
B.Kunz liked taking part in fairs.
C.Kunz designed several programs.
D.Kunz had a gift for programming.
57.What did Kunz study in Carnegie Mellon?
A.Business.
B.Engineering.
C.International law.
D.Computer science.
58.Why did Kunz decide to go to Harvard Business School?
A.to get a secured and better paid job.
B.to improve his working conditions.
C.to start a business with his friends.
D.to go outside the country to work.
原文翻譯及答案解析
威廉·庫茲是一個計算機天才。當他只有11歲的時候，庫茲就開始編寫軟體程序，到l4歲的時候他已經開發出了自己的電腦游戲。作為德克薩斯州休斯敦的一位高中一年級學生，他編的程序在一次科學展覽會中獲得了一等獎。高三時，在一次國際科學和工程學展覽會中他因為設計出能夠分析和分類DNA模式的程序而獲得最高獎。庫茲上了卡內基梅隆大學，這是全美計算機科學領域最好的大學之一。大學畢業後，他在矽谷的Oracle工作，編寫一些全世界許多公司都使用的軟體。
三年後，庫茲在哈佛商學院就讀一年級。他離開軟體工程領域一部分原因是他所賺的錢比他那些從事法律和商業的朋友們少得多。他也很擔心工作保障，尤其是當更多的公司為了降低費用而把他們的編程公司搬往美國以外的地方時。
56.D【精析】細節題。題干意為“第一段主要告訴我們什麼?”本文第一段列舉的各個例子都想告訴我們，庫茲在編程方面很有天賦。故D正確。
52.D【精析】細節題。題干意為“庫茲在卡內基梅隆大學學的是什麼?”從本文的第二段的第一句“…one of the nation’s highestranked universities in computer seienee.”可知，他學的是計算機科學，故D正確。
58.A【精析】細節題。題干意為“庫茲為什麼決定上哈佛商學院?”本文的最後一段告訴我們他後來去讀哈佛商學院是因為他所賺的錢比他那些從事法律和商業的朋友們少得多。他也很擔心工作保障，尤其是當更多的.公司為了降低費用而把他們的公司搬往美國。
Text 2
Can you imagine life without French fries(炸薯條) ? Potatoes are very popular today.But inthe past this was not true.Potatoes grew in south America five thousand years' ago.But they onlybecame popular in other places two hundred years ago.
In the 1500s, the spanish took the potato from south America to Europe.But the people inEurope did not like this strange vegetable.some people thought that if you ate potatoes your skinwould look like the skin of a potato.Other people could not believe that you ate the undergroundpart of the plant.so they ate the leaves instead.This made them sick because there is poison (毒性) in the leaves.
In the 1800s, people in other parts of the world started to eat potatoes.In Ireland, potatoes became the main food.Then, in 1845, a disease killed all the potatoes in Ireland.Two million people died of hunger.
Today, each country has its own potato dish.The German people eat potato salad, and theUnited States has the baked potato.And, of course, the French invented French fries, which arenow popular all over the world.
59.When did potatoes get well-known outside south America?
A.About 200 years ago.
B.About 300 years ago.
C.About 400 years ago.
D.About 500 years ago.
60.Why did some Europeans refuse to eat potatoes at first?
A.They did not trust the Spanish people then.
B.They were afraid of the poison in potatoes.
C.They were afraid it would cause skin problem.
D.They had never eaten food from abroad before.
61.Why did two million people died in Ireland in 18457
A.They had nothing to eat.
B.They ate the bad potatoes.
C.They ate the potato leaves.
D.They got a terrible disease.
62.What do we know from the last paragraph?
A.Baked potatoes are popular now.
B.People cook potatoes differently.
C.Potatoes are expensive nowadays.
D.The French eat potato dishes most.
原文翻譯及答案解析
你能想像沒有炸薯條的生活嗎?當今薯條很受歡迎。但是過去並非如此。五千年前土豆生長在南美。但是直到兩百年前土豆才在別的地方流行起來。
十六世紀，西班牙人把土豆從南美帶到了歐洲。但是歐洲人們並不喜歡這種奇怪的蔬菜。一些人認為如果你吃土豆，你的皮膚會看起來像土豆。另一些人無法相信植物長在地下的那一部分也可以吃。因此他們吃土豆的葉子。因為土豆葉子有毒，所以他們都病倒了。十九世紀，世界其他地方的人開始吃土豆。在愛爾蘭，土豆成了人們的主食。然後，在1845年，一種疾病殺死了愛爾蘭所有的土豆。這使得兩百萬人死於飢餓。
當今，在每個國家都有土豆做成的菜餚。德國人吃土豆沙拉，美國人吃烤土豆。當然法國人發明了薯條，而現在薯條在全世界都很受歡迎。
59.A【精析】細節題。題干意為“土豆是什麼時候開始在南美以外的地方流行的?”從本文第一段的最後一句“But they only became popular in other places two hundred years ago.”可知，直到兩百年前土豆才在別的地方流行起來，故A正確。
60.C【精析】細節題。題干意為“為什麼某些歐洲人最初拒絕吃土豆?”從文章第二段第三句“some people thought that if you ate pota—toes your skin would look like tlle skin of a potato.”可知，一些人認為如果你吃土豆，你的皮膚會看起來像土豆，故C正確。
61.A【精析】細節題。題干意為“在1845年，愛爾蘭為什麼會有兩百萬人死去?”從文章第三段第三、四句“Then，in l845，a disease killedall tlle potmoes in Ireland.Two million people died of hunger.”可知，1845年，一場疾病殺死了愛爾蘭所有的土豆，這使得兩百萬人死於飢餓，故A正確。
62.B【精析】推理題。題干意為“從最後一段，我們可以得出什麼?”由最後一段可知，土豆在各個國家都是一道菜，但是做法不同，故B正確。
Text 3
There are a growing number of pet owners who feed pets on raw, which means, "uncooked"
meat and bones.William Burk, a pet food specialist from the Food and Drug Administration(FDA), believes that feeding raw meat to pets is against its goal of protecting the public fromhealth dangers; besides, raw meat and bones do not have all the required nutrition (營養) that a petneeds every day.
Recognizing how popular these foods are, the FDA has provided guidelines for procers ofpet foods that contain uncooked meat for dogs, cats, and other pets.The guidelines give rules toprotect pet owners and pets from dangers about food safety and lack of nutrition.
Pet owners who feed raw meat and bones should deal with these procts very carefully toprotect themselves against possible dangers, says Burk.Just as when preparing foods for humans,use hot water and soap to wash hands, containers, and surfaces that come into contact(接觸) withthe food.Don' t put your hands near your mouth until you' ve washed them, and don' t allow yourpet to touch your face right after it has eaten meat.
If owners choose to feed bones to their pets, they should watch their pet carefully when it iseating bones.Burk also says, "If the pet eats a big piece of bone that won' t pass through the digestive system(消化系統), it could kill the pet."
63.What does William Burk think of feeding pets on raw?
A.It'll make the pet owners sick.
B.It' 11 cause the death of other pets.
C.It' s against the policy of the FDA.
D.It' s dangerous and lack of nutrition.
64.Wiry did the FDA provide guidelines for procers of pet foods with raw meat?
A.The quality of pet foods has dropped.
B.Most pets have been lack of nutrition.
C.Pet safety has become a serious problem.
D.Feeding pets on raw has become popular.
65.Those who feed pets on raw should do all the necessary cleaning when
A.preparing raw meat for pets
B.preparing foods for humans
C.touching the food containers
D.bringing your pets for a walk
66.What advice is given to pet owners in the last paragraph? A.Pets should be kept away from raw meat.
B.Pets should be watched when eating bones.
C.Pets should be fed with small pieces of bone.
D.Pets should be checked on the digestive system.
原文翻譯及答案解析
有越來越多的寵物主人用未加工的，也就是未煮過的肉和骨頭來喂他們的寵物。威廉·伯克，一位來自美國食品與葯品管理局的寵物食品專家，認為用未經加工的肉喂寵物違背了保護公眾防止其受到健康威脅的目標。此外，未經加工的肉和骨頭不能提供寵物每天所需的所有營養物質。
知道這些食物有多麼受歡迎之後，美國食品與葯品管理局為寵物食品的生產商們提供了指導方針，這些食品包括狗、貓和其他寵物吃的未經加工的肉。這些指導方針列出了一些規則來保護寵物主人和寵物以免遭受有關食品安全和缺乏營養的危險。
伯克說，喂未經加工的肉和骨頭的寵物主人應該非常小心地處理這些食品以保護自己免遭可能的危險。正如為人類做飯一樣，要用熱水和肥皂去洗手、洗容器，並洗一些可能與食物有接觸的表面。洗手之前不要把手放在嘴邊，在寵物剛剛吃過肉之後不要讓寵物碰到你的臉。如果主人選擇喂寵物骨頭，那麼在寵物吃骨頭時，一定要在旁邊看著。伯克還說，“如果寵物吃一大塊不能通過它的消化系統的骨頭的話，那會要了它的命。”
63.D【精析】推理題。題干意為“威廉·伯克如何看待喂寵物未煮熟的東西這件事?”由本文第一段可知，伯克認為用未經加工的肉喂寵物有違保護公眾防止遭到健康威脅的目標。此外，未經加工的肉和骨頭不能提供給寵物們所有它們所需要的營養物質，故D正確。
64.D【精柝】推理題。題干意為“為什麼美國食品與葯品管理局為寵物食品的生產商提供指導方針?”由本文第二段可知，知道這些食物有多麼受歡迎之後，美國食品與葯品管理局為寵物食品的生產商們提供指導方針，這些食品包括狗、貓和其他寵物吃的未經加工的肉。這些指導方針列出了一些規則保護寵物主人和寵物以免遭受有關食品安全和缺乏營養的危險，故D正確。
65.A【精析】推理題。題干意為“那些喂寵物吃沒有經過加工的食物的主人們需要在什麼時候做些必要的清理?”由本文第三段可知，喂未經加工的肉和骨頭的寵物主人應該非常小心地處理這些食品以保護自己免遭可能的危險。正如為人類做飯一樣，要用熱水和肥皂去洗手、洗容器，並洗一些可能與食物有接觸的表面。洗手之前不要把手放在嘴邊，在寵物剛剛吃過肉之後不要讓寵物碰到你的臉，故A正確。
66.B【精析】細節題。題干意為“最後一段作者給寵物主人什麼建議?”根據文章最後一段第一句“…they should watch their pet carefully when it is eating bones.”可知，在寵物吃骨頭時，主人一定要在旁邊看著，故B正確。
Text 4
There are some objects in the sky that move so quickly that sometimes you only see them outof the comer of your eye.These are some of the huge number of bits of rock and st that are floating around in space, called meteoroids.Normally, we cannot see them at all, but if they travel tooclose to the Earth, they get caught by the pull of the Earth, and begin to fall towards us.They fallfaster and faster, until they hit our atmosphere (大氣層), by which time they are going so fast thatthey begin to bum up, and all that you see is a flash of light that moves very quickly across the skyand disappears.These shooting stars, or meteors as they are properly called, are quite common,and sometimes you may see several in a night.
Most meteoroids are very small bits indeed, and they bum up long before they get to theEarth.However, a very few do manage to get all the way through the atmosphere, and actually fallto the ground.usually they do not do much damage, although this is not always the case.
Meteoroids that actually manage to reach the Earth are called meteorites.Most countries haveplaces where meteorites have struck the Earth.some of these places are very large indeed and aretourist attractions.
67.Why do some objects from outer space fall to the ground?
A.They are too big.
B.They are hit by huge rocks.
C.They move too fast.
D.They are pulled by the Earth.
68.What do we know about meteors from the text?
A.They become a star in the sky.
B.They are too small to be seen.
C.They disappear very quickly.
D.They do damage to the Earth.
69.What happens to most meteoroids coming into the atmosphere?
A.They bum up.
B.They fall to earth.
C.They explode.
D.The float in the air.
70.The word "meteorites"( Line 1, Para.3)refers to pieces of rock that
A.move fast in outer space
B .have been found at a tourist centre
C.flash through space at a high speed
D.have fallen onto the Earth from space
原文翻譯及答案解析
天空中許多物體移動速度如此之快,以至於有時它們在你眼前轉瞬即逝.它們是漂浮在空中被稱為流星體的許多巨大的岩石和灰塵的碎片.通常我們根本看不見它們,但是如果它們太靠近地球,就會被地球引力吸住,開始向我們掉落.它們下降的速度越來越快,直到它們穿過大氣層,那時它們的速度如此之快以至於它們開始燃燒,你所能看到的只是一道光劃過天空,然後消失不見.這些疾馳的星星,或稱流星(他們恰當的稱謂),是十分常見的.有時候一晚上就可以看見好幾個.
事實上大多數流星體都非常小,在它們到達地球之前就已經燃燒了很久.然而只有很少的能夠一路穿過大氣層,真正地掉落到地面.通常它們不會造成什麼傷害,雖然也有例外.
真的到達地面的流星被稱為隕石.大多數國家都有一些地方有隕石掉落.事實上某些地方的隕石如此之大,已經成了旅遊景點.
67.D【精析】細節題.題干意為“為什麼外太空的一些物體會掉落到地面?”根據文章第一段第三句“Normally,we cannot see them at a11.but if they travel too close to the Earth.they get caught by the pull of the Earth,and begin to fall towards US.”可知,作者認為通常我們根本看不見它們,但是如果它們太靠近地球,它們就會被地球引力吸住,開始向我們掉落,故D正確.
68.C【精析】細節題.題干意為“從文中我們對流星有哪些了解?”從文章第一段第四句話可知,那時它們的速度如此之快以至於它們開始燃燒,你所能看到的只是一道光劃過天空,然後消失不見.由此推出,流星消失得非常快,故C正確.
69.A【精析】推理題.題干意為“大部分流星在穿過大氣層時會發生什麼?”由文章第一段可知,那時它們的速度如此之快以至於它們開始燃燒,你所能看到的只是一道光劃過天空,然後消失不見.由此推出,流星穿過大氣層時會燃燒,故A正確.
70.D【精析】細節題.題干意為“‘meteorites’(第三段第一行)是指那些__________的石頭碎片.”根據本文第三段第一句話“Meteoroids that actually manage to reach the Earth are called meteorites.”可知,真的到達地面的流星被稱為隕石,故D正確.
;『肆』 2020年高考英語北京卷 - 閱讀理解C
For the past five years, Paula Smith, a historian of science, has devoted herself to re-creating long-forgotten techniques. While doing research for her new book, she came across a 16th-century French manuscript consisting of nearly 1,000 sets of instructions, covering subjects from tool making to finding the best sand.
在過去五年裡，科學歷史學家保拉·史密斯一直致力於重現人們早已遺忘的技術。在為她的新書做研究時，她偶然發現了一本16世紀的法國手稿，包括近1000份說明書，涵蓋范圍從工具製作到如何尋找最佳沙子。
The author's intention remains as mysterious as his name; he may have been simply taking notes for his own records. But Smith was struck mainly by the fact that she didn't truly grasp any of the skills the author described. "You simply can't get an understanding of that handwork by reading about it," she says.
作者的意圖如同他的名字一樣神秘；他可能只是在為自己的記錄做筆記。但讓史密斯備受打擊的是，她並沒有真正掌握作者描述的任何技能。「你根本無法通過閱讀來理解手工作品」，她說。
Though Smith did get her hands on the best sand, doing things the old-fashioned way isn't just about playing around with French mud. Reconstructing the work of the craftsmen who lived centuries ago can reveal how they viewed the world, what objects filled their homes, and what went on in the workshops that proced them. It can even help solve present-day problems: In 2015, scientists discovered that a 10th-century English medicine for eve problems could kill a drug-resistant virus.
盡管史密斯確實得到了最好的沙子，但用傳統的方法做事情並不只是玩法國泥。重建生活在幾個世紀前的工匠作品可以揭示他們是如何看待世界，他們的家中裝滿的物品，以及這些物品在作坊里如何進行生產。它甚至可以幫助解決當代問題：2015年，科學家發現，一種用於解決女性問題的10世紀英國葯物可以殺死耐葯病毒。
The work has also brought insights for museums, Smith says. One must know how on object was made in order to preserve it. What's more, reconstructions might be the only way to know what treasures looked like before time wore them down. Scholars have seen this idea in practice with ancient Greek and Roman statues. These sculptures were painted a rainbow of striking colours. We can't appreciate these kinds of details without seeing works of art as they originally appeared-something Smith believes you can do only when you have a road map.
史密斯說，這項工作也為博物館帶來了啟發。為了保存文物，人們必須知道這個物體是如何製作的。更重要的是，重建可能是了解寶藏在時間磨損之前是什麼樣子的唯一途徑。學者們在古希臘和古羅馬雕像的實踐中看到了這種想法，這些雕塑被漆成了鮮艷的彩虹色。如果不看藝術作品最初出現的樣子，我們無法欣賞這些細節——史密斯認為，只有當你有路線圖時，你才能做到這一點。
Smith has put the manuscript's ideas into practice. Her final goal is to link the worlds of art and science back together: She believes that bringing the old recipes to life can help develop a kind of learning that highlights experimentation, teamwork, and problem solving.
史密斯把手稿的想法付諸實踐。她最終的目標是將藝術和科學的世界重新聯系起來：她相信，將古老的食譜帶到生活中有助於發展一種強調實驗、團隊合作和解決問題的學習方式。
Back when science—then called 「the new philosophy」—took shape, academics looked to craftsmen for help in understanding the natural world. Microscopes and telescopes were invented by way of artistic tinkering, as craftsmen experimented with glass to better bend light.
當科學——也就是所謂的「新哲學」——初具雛形時，學術界尋求工匠幫助理解自然世界。正如工匠嘗試用玻璃更好地彎曲光線，顯微鏡和望遠鏡因為藝術修補而發明。
If we can rediscover the values of hands-on experience and craftwork, Smith says, we can marry the best of our modern insights with the handiness of our ancestors.
史密斯說，如果我們能重新發現動手經驗和工藝的價值，我們就能把我們最好的現代洞察力與我們祖先的靈巧結合起來。
『伍』 2022年下半年英語六級閱讀理解練習題
2022年下半年英語六級考試備考時間已經不多了，還沒有開始准如瞎謹備的考生可以開始准備考試了。英語備考，離不開日常的練習，下面是我為大家准備的2022年下半年英語六級閱讀理解練習題，有在備考六級的考生可以神掘參考一下。
2022年下半年英語六級閱讀理解練習渣基題
閱讀理解（一）
The Last Dinner
Jesus spent his last few hours of liberty quietly in the suburb of Bethany. It was the day of Passover. The Jews observed this feast by eating roast lamb and unleavened bread.
Jesus asked his disciples to go to town and reserve a room in one of the smaller inns and order a dinner that they might all be together.
When evening came， Judas， looking bland and innocent， left the house together with the others. They went down the Mount of Olives and entered the city and found that everything was ready. They took their seats around one long table and began to eat.
But it was not a cheerful meal. They felt the dread of those coming events which already were casting their terrible shadow over the small group of faithful friends.
Jesus spoke very little. The others sat in gloomy silence. At last Peter could stand it no longer， and he blurted out what was in everybody』s mind . 「Master， 」he said，「we want to know. Do you have reason to suspect one of us？」 Softly Jesus answered， 「 Yes. One among you who is now sitting at this table will bring disaster upon us all. 」 Then all the disciples got up and crowded around him. They protested their innocence. At that moment Judas slipped quietly out of the room. They now all knew what was to come. They could no longer remain in that little room. They needed fresh air， and they left the inn and walked out of the gate and went back to the Mount of Olives and opened the wicket to a garden which a friend had told them to use whenever they wished to be alone . It was called Gethsemane ， after an old oil-press which stood in a corner. After a while Jesus walked away from the little group. But three of the disciples who were closest to him， followed at a distance.
He turned around and bade them wait and watch while he prayed.
The time had come for a final decision. Escape was still possible ， but escape would mean a silent confession of guilt and defeat for his ideas.
He was alone among the silent trees and fought his last great battle . He was a man in the fullness of his years. Life still held a great promise. Death， once his enemies captured him， would come in a most terrible form. He made his choice . He stayed. He went back to his friends. And behold！ They were fast asleep . A moment later， the whole garden was in an uproar. Led by Judas， the guards of the Sanhedrin rushed upon the prophet. Judas was at their head. He threw his arms around his master and kissed him. That was the sign for which the soldiers had waited. At that moment， Peter realized what was happening.
閱讀自測
Ⅰ. Welcome to the Eden of animals . According to Chinese ， choose the correct English word： （ bee， rabbit， butterfly， lark， lion， mouse， donkey）
1. Tom always has a lot of things to do. Every time you see him， he is as busy as a ________（ 忙得團團轉） .
2. Although it was an easy problem， I still made a mistake . It really made feel that I was as stupid as a ________（ 蠢如驢） .
3. Cathy is dressed very well and looks as beautiful as a ________（ 像蝴蝶一樣漂亮） .
4. The villagers beat the enemy and lived as merry as a ________（ 非常快活） .
5. Tom and Jerry are twins， but they are quite different. Tom is as timid as a （ 膽小如鼠） while Jerry as bold as a________ （ 莽如雄獅） .
6. After the company went into bankruptcy ________（ 宣告破產） ， he was as poor as a church ________（ 一貧如洗） .
Ⅱ. Can you crack the riddle ？
Have you heard of Sphinx （ 斯芬克司） of Greek mythology？
Sphinx was a monster with the head and breast of a woman， the body of a lion， the wings of a bird， a serpent』s tail and lion』s paws. It had a human voice and usually asked passers-by to guess her riddle. If the man was unable to find the answer， she would eat them. If he could， she would kill herself. The riddle is this： What goes on four feet， on two feet， and three ， but the more feet it goes on， the weaker it be ？
Do you get the answer？ Explain yourself.
閱讀理解（二）
However you view credit cards. it＇s hard to live in the modem world without one. And if you have one， you owe it to yourself to use it properly.
Although credit cards are becoming a more acceptable part of the financial scene， they are still regarded with suspicion by many as being a major part of the ＂live now pay later＂ syndrome. Along with hire purchase， rental and leasing schemes. they provide encouragement to spend more money. They can allow you to pile up debts that you have difficulty paying off， they can also let you spend next month＇s salary today. Of course， it is only the foolhardy who succumb to the temptation to live. temporarily at least， beyond their means. and such people would no doubt manage to do so even without credit cards.
Advertising campaigns have. however， promoted a growing realization of the advantages of these small pieces of plastic. They obviate the need to carry large amounts of cash and are always useful in emergencies. All the credit card organizations charge interest on a monthly basis which may work out as high as 25 per cent a year. yet judicious purchasing using a card can mean that you obtain up to seven weeks interest freecredit. Using me card abroad where items frequently take a long time to be included on your account can extend this period even further.
It is worthwhile shopping around before deciding on a particular credit card. It is necessary to consider the amount of credit granted； interest rates， which may vary slightly； che number and range of outlets， chough most cards cover major garages， hotels. restaurants and departments stores： and of course. what happens if your card is lost or stolen A credit card chief may be sitting on a potential gold mine particularlyif there is delay in reporting the loss of the card.
Using a credit card wisely takes discipline and a little self-control. Once you realize your debt is someone else』s profit margin， your approach to your plastic will change. With a bit of discipline and some practical knowledge， you can make your cards work for you. rather than the other way round. As a matter of fact， a credit card can cost nothing or at least help to tide you over a period of financial difficulty.
people suspect that credit cards lure people to_______________.
author seems to believe that even in the absence of credit cards. some people would undoubtedly_________________.
Para. 3， in addition to the advantages of no need lo carry cash and being useful in emergencies， whatelse is said to be the advantage of credit cards？
is the main idea of Para.4？
5.A credit card user can control himself to take better advantage of credit card if he knows well the truth that____________________.
閱讀理解（三）
Children are getting so fat-they may be the first generation to die before their parents. an expert claimed yesterday. Today＇s youngsters are already falling prey to potential killers such as diabetes because of their weight. Fatty fast-food diets combined with sedentary lifestyles dominated by televisions and computers could mean kids will die tragically young， says Professor Andrew Prentice. from the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine.
At the same time. the shape of the human body is going through a huge evolutionary shift because alts are getting so fat. Here in Britain. latest research shows that the average waist size for a man is 36-38 inches and may be 42-44， inches by compares with only 32.6 inches in 1972. Women＇s waists have grown from an average of 22 inches in l920 to 24 inches in the Fifties and 30 inches now. One of the major reasons why children now are at greater risk is that we are getting fatter younger. In the UK alone. more than one million under-1.6s are classed as overweight or obese-double the number in the mid-Eighties. One inten four-year-olds are also medically classified as obesity pandemic-an extensive epidemic-whichstarted m the US， has now spread to Europe. Australia， Central America and the Middle East.
Many nations now record more than 20 per cent of- their population as clinically obese and well over half the population as overweight. Prof. Prentice said the change in our shape has been caused by a glut of easily available high-energy foods combined with a dramatic drop in the energy we use as a result of technology developments.
He is not alone in his concern. Only last week one medical journal revealed how obesity was fuelling a rise in cancer cases. Obesity also increases the risk factor for strokes and heart disease. An averagely obese person＇s lifespan is shortened by around nine years while a severely obese person by many more.
Prof. Prentice said： ＂So will parents outlive their children. as claimed recently by an American obesity specialist？＂ The answer is yes-and no. Yes，when the offspring become grossly obese. This is now becoming an alarmingly common occurrence in the US. Such children and adolescents have a greatly reced quality of life in terms of both their physical and psychosocial health. So say No to that doughnut and burger.
essor Andrew Prentice says kids will die young because of their__________________.
Britain， overweight or obese under-16s in the mid-Eighties were___________________today.
should be responsible for the change in our body shape according to the passage？
risk of some diseases such as cancer. strokes and heart disease may become greater e to_____________.
does the author suggest we do by saying ＂say No to that doughnut and burger＂ ？
閱讀理解（四）
To fully understand the concept of the ＂Paperless Office＂，one must understand what it conceptually was supposed to mean，as well as what it has evolved into as its current y forms of the paperless office would have concentrated around word processing documents and the ability to create，store and manage their existence ver，you were limited in scope as to what you could do to＂manage＂these of the management revolved around viewing and perhaps sharing it with other users in the e were no automated programs that handled workflow，scanning，tagging and management of these documents ners were （at a cost-effective price）too expensive for the average office to acquire based on the return on the corporate level，there was no direction as to handle workflow and to analyze where paper came from and where it had to go internally and if there was a process in place，the tools were not mature enough or existing to handle it.
In the last few years，technology has finally been catching up to the needs and requirements of the office ners that previously cost tens of thousands of dollars now can be acquired for tal copiers/printers now incorporate high speed scanning and OCR capability，even at the lowest technology initiative has now been transferred to the IT and MIS departments of corporations as well as law rly，the tools necessary to transform paper-full to a paperless office are now widely then，is stopping the widespread adoption of the concept of the paperless office？Cultural issues are probably one of the largest obstructions to the implementation of the concept of the paperless nly，people feel comfortable doing what they know how to do best（shuffle paper around）and modifying theirhabits requires a focus that makes them feel that they are，in fact，doing things better and more ementing a paperless office environment that introces processes that are more difficult and technologically challenging than the previous environment is doomed to fail from the start，Keep all processes simple，intro ce technology that is easy to learn and use，and document the workflow.
did the early forms of paperless office lack for efficient management？
ners used not to be considered worthwhile when a company considers its_________________.
is implied that the concept of the paperless office is now adopted on a______________________scale.
is found that most people refuse the concept of the paperless office e to____________________factor.
does the author think about the processes of the paperless office environment in comparison with the paper-full office environment？
閱讀理解（五）
Faced with the rapidly rising costs of employee benefits， companies are scaling back. It＇s become distressingly clear that employees are increasingly on their own when it comes to retirement savings and health care.
Employers don＇t typically trash （丟棄） an important employee benefit-too much negative press-but they are shifting more of these costs onto workers. who feel it in the form of higher health-care premiums， rising co-payments on drugs and much less certainty about their retirement finances.
Towers Perrin. a global human-resources-consulting firm， recently surveyed hundreds of U.S. companies representing more than 13 million employees on changer they are making-or contemplating making-to their employee-benefits packages. The knife cuts deepest on the most expensive benefits， with the biggest often being healty care.
It costs the average American company more than $14，000 per year to provide coverage to an employee and her family. The employer＇s response： shift more of that growing burden to workers. As a result， companies have seen their health-care spending rise 29% over the past five employees have seen their outlays-for premiums， co-pays and dectibles-rise 40%.
Retiree health care is getting hit hardest-just when the boomer generation needs it most. Of the employerssurveyed， 45% have already reced or eliminated subsidized health-care coverage for future retirees， and an additional 24% are planning to do so or considering it. Of those offering the perk（額外補貼）， roughly 25% put a dollar limit on how much they will spend per retiree. ＂Once the limit is reached， future inflation risk transfers to the retiree，＂ notes Ron Fontanetta. an executive with Towers Perrin.
Corporate pensions， the third leg of the proverbial retirement stool （the other two being Social Security and personal savings）， are also being eroded as the foundering （下挫的） stock market wreaks havoc on employer pension funds. At the end of 2008. employer-sponsored pension plans were underfunded by more than $400billion， according to Mercer， a management-consulting firn. The recent stock-market rally has halved that deficit. but it remains a funding sore spot and is one more reason that companies are turning away from this benefit.
＂Companies initiated many of these benefits in a different time，＂ says Fontanetta. ＂Retiree benefits started being offered when many companies had a young workforce with few retirees. so it was not really a cost they had to contend with.」 Today it＇s the reverse， particularly in old-line oit』s Big Three automakers， for example， have more than Four rimes as many retirees as active hourly workers.
1. Instead of ending important employee benefits. employers are_____________.
2. According to Towers Perrin＇s survey， which 8spect of employee benefits is the most profoundly impacted？
3. The scaling down of retiree health greatly affected_________________.
4. Because of the stock market slump， companies are giving up_________________.
5. The last paragraph implies that companies cut back on retiree benefits because of_____________________.
閱讀理解（六）
Some of the old worries about artificial intelligence were closely linked to the question of whether computers could first massive electronic computers，capable of rapid calculation and little or no creative activity，were soon bbed（取綽號）＂electronic brains＂.A reaction to this terminology quickly followed，computers were called＂high speed idiots＂，an effort to protect human not everyone realized theimplications of the high-speed idiot has not been pointed out enough that even the human idiot is one of the most intelligent life forms on the early computers were even that intelligent，it was already a remarkable state of affairs.
One consequence of speculation about the possibility of computer thought was that we were forced to examine with new care the idea of thought in soon became clear that we were not sure what we meant bysuch terms as thought and tend to assume that human beings think，some more than others，though we often call people thoughtless or ms cause a problem，partly because they usually happen outside our are obviously some type of mental experience，but are they a type of thinking？And the question of nonhuman life forms adds further of us would maintain that some of the higheranimals-dogs，cats，apes，and so on-are capable of at least basic thought，but what about fish and insects？If thinking is demonstrated by evident electrical activity in the brain，then many species are capable of we have formulated clear ideas on what thought is in biological creatures，it will be easier to discuss the question of thought in artifacts（人工製品） what is true of thought is also true of the many other mental of the immense benefits of a research is that we are being forced to scrutinize，with new rigor，the working of the human mind.
It is already clear that machines have superior mental abilities to many life fern or oak tree can play chess as well as even the simplest digital computer，nor can frogs weld car bodies as well as seems that，viewed in terms of intellect ，the computer should be set well above plants and most the higher animals can compete with computers with regard to intellect and even then with diminishing success.
did people think of the early computers？
rding to the author，the early computers is__________________than human idiots.
a result of speculating whether computer could think，we had to research more carefully to get_____________________.
do dreams cause the problem whether they are a type of thinking，according to the author？
does the author want to illustrate by mentioning the fern and the oak tree？
『陸』 英語4級閱讀理解模擬題及答案
英語4級閱讀理解模擬題及答案
閱讀理解主要考查考生理解主旨要義、具體信息、概念性含義，進行有關的判斷、推理和引申，根據上下文推測生詞的詞義等能力。下面我為大家搜索整理的關於英語4級閱讀理解模擬題及答案，供大家參考學習，希望對您有所幫助。
What is it about Americans and food? We love to eat, but we feel 1 about it afterward. We say we want only the best, but we strangely enjoy junk food. We’re 2 with health and weight loss but face an unprecedented epidemic of obesity(肥胖). Perhaps the 3 to this ambivalence(矛盾情結) lies in our history. The first Europeans came to this continent searching for new spices but went in vain. The first cash crop(經濟作物) wasn’t eaten but smoked. Then there was Prohibition, intended to prohibit drinking but actually encouraging more 4 ways of doing it.
The immigrant experience, too, has been one of inharmony. Do as Romans do means eating what “real Americans” eat, but our nation’s food has come to be 5 by imports—pizza, say, or hot dogs. And some of the country’s most treasured cooking comes from people who arrived here in shackles.
Perhaps it should come as no surprise then that food has been a medium for the nation’s defining struggles, whether at the Boston Tea Party or the sit?ins at southern lunch counters. It is integral to our concepts of health and even morality whether one refrains from alcohol for religious reasons or evades meat for political 6 .
But strong opinions have not brought 7 . Americans are ambivalent about what they put in their mouths. We have become 8 of our foods, especially as we learn more about what they contain.
The 9 in food is still prosperous in the American consciousness. It’s no coincidence, then, that the first Thanksgiving holds the American imagination in such bondage(束縛). It’s what we eat—and how we 10 it with friends, family, and strangers—that help define America as a community today.
A. answer I. creative
B. result J. belief
C. share K. suspicious
D. guilty L. certainty
E. constant M. obsessed
F. defined N. identify
G. vanish O. ideals
H. adapted
答案及解析
1.D feel是一個系動詞，可以判斷此處應填入一個形容詞，通過上下文意思，以及後面介詞about, 可以確定選項為D項guilty, 短語feel guilty about sth. “對……感到有愧”。全句的意思為“我們很愛吃，但是往往在吃完之後又有負罪感”。
2.M be obsessed with 為固定搭配，原意為“被……附上/纏住/迷住心竅”，放在本句表示“十分重視”。全句的意思為“我們很關心健康和減肥，但肥胖卻又空前地在蔓延”。
3. A 本句缺一個名詞作主語，並且根據和介詞to的搭配，可以推斷出正確選項answer.
4. I本句根據more和ways可以判斷出需要填入一個形容詞構成比較級，根據上下文，表示“旨在禁止酗酒的禁酒令，卻激發了更多新奇的方法來酗酒”，可以確定I為正確選項。
5. F 本題較難。根據be 和by 確定應填入一個過去分詞。再根據上下文，上文表示“應該吃典型的美國人吃的食物”，下文通過 but 轉折，表示實際上“美國的.食物已經被諸如比薩和熱狗這樣的舶來品所詮釋了”，因此可以確定F為正確選項。
6.B政治結果，可根據宗教原因religious reasons來推斷此處填政治結果。
7. L由於橫線後面沒有賓語，可以確定不是形成bring的短語，這樣本句所缺的為一名詞，做bring的賓語。根據下文解釋，“美國人對他們所吃的食物的態度是矛盾的”，可以推出本句意義為“堅定的觀點也不是確定不變的”。因此可以確定L為正確選項。
8. K系動詞become後應填入一個形容詞，和後面介詞of形成短語be/become suspicious of “對……感到懷疑”。
9. J本句缺一個名詞作主語，並且根據和介詞in的搭配，可以推斷出正確選項belief，(have)belief in sth.“ 相信……”。
10. C本句是一般現在時，缺一個動詞，且和with 搭配，確定選項為share, share sth. with sb., “與某人分享某事”。
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