英語科普文閱讀導入

A. 醫學科普文章英文版

由於隨著科技和社會的發展，人們的生活水平不斷提高，當代人把身體健康看得越來越重，對自己的飲食習慣，葯物的使用與濫用和急救知識等格外關注。下面是我帶來的醫學科普 文章 ，歡迎閱讀!

醫學科普文章英文版1

為什麼總是睡不好?十大常見睡眠錯誤

Most of us have struggled at some point with sleep. Whether it’s not getting enough sleepor struggling to get up in the morning, it can be difficult to get the balance just right.

大多數人都遇到過一些睡眠問題。有可能是睡得不夠，又或者是早晨起不來，很難達到平衡睡得舒服。

However, sleep is essential if we want to be proctive in life. It provides us with theenergy we need to get stuff done!

然而為了保證精力充沛，睡眠是十分必要的。我們需要睡足了才有精力幹活!

Here are the 10 most common sleep mistakes people make and a few tips for avoidingthem!

下面列出了常見的十大睡眠錯誤以及糾正小貼士。

1. The snooze button

鬧鍾止鬧按鈕

Don’t EVER hit the snoozebutton. It really is much more beneficial to just get up on yourfirst alarm. Think about it – the snooze button gives you an extra 10 minutes or so sleep. Inthe grand scheme of your day this really won’t provide you with any more energy. In-fact itdoes the opposite. Research has shown that ‘interrupted sleep’ can cause us to feel moretired.

千萬不要按止鬧按鈕，其實在鬧鈴一響時就起來對身體更好。想想看，止鬧按鈕可以讓你多睡10分鍾或者更長一點時間。但相比於一整天滿滿的計劃，這多睡的10分鍾根本無法為你多添幾份活力。事實上恰恰相反，研究表明受干擾的睡眠會讓人更加疲倦。

2. Disorganized sleeping habits

不規律的睡眠習慣

It’s much easier to get to sleep each night (and wake up feeling refreshed) if we have aregular routine. This means going to bed at roughly the same time each night and getting upat roughly the same time each morning. If you’re disorganized with your sleeping routine, youend up interrupting your natural sleeping rhythms, which can cause insomnia and fatigue.

如果每天的作息時間規律，每晚會更加容易入眠(醒來時也會感到神清氣爽)。也就是說每晚在相對固定的時間睡覺，每天早上在相對固定的時間起床。如果你睡覺的時間不規律，就會打亂你的生物鍾，導致失眠和疲勞感。

3. Long naps

小睡時間過長

Long naps can disrupt your sleeping rhythms so if you’re desperate for a nap then keep itunder the 30 minute mark (and before 4pm). Short naps after lunch can help to restore energylevels (just make sure you don’t sleep in).

小睡時間過長會打亂人的生物鍾，所以如果你真的很想打個盹兒的話，請把時間控制在30分鍾以內(而且要在下午四點前睡)。在午餐後小睡一會兒有助於恢復體力(只是不要睡過頭了)。

4. Caffeine/stimulants

咖啡因/興奮劑

Don’t drink any caffeinated drinks after mid-day. Caffeine stimulatesyour body for up to 12hours after consumption so it’s important to restrict your intake later in the day. Be aware ofsupposed ‘herbal’ drinks such as green tea, which can have a high dose of caffeine. Alwayscheck the label.

請不要在中午之後飲用含咖啡因的飲料。咖啡因會持續的影響人體12個小時，所以要控制自己不要在中午以後攝取咖啡因。小心一些“草本”飲料，例如綠茶含有很高的咖啡因。每次喝飲料之前都要看一下成份標簽。

5. Stress &negative thinking

壓力和消極想法

Stress is a large reason why many people find it difficult to sleep. One of the worse thingsyou can do is be stressed before bed. Stress proces chemicals that physically stop us fromsleeping. Try and clear your mind before bed time and make an effort to think positive thoughtsthat aid sleep.

壓力是造成人難以入眠的重要原因。在上床睡覺前帶著太大壓力就更加糟糕了。壓力會使人分泌出某些從生理上阻止睡眠的化學物質。嘗試在睡前清空所思所想，努力朝有助於睡眠的積極方面想吧。

6. Too much light

光線太亮

Our bodies depend on ‘sleep signals’ to fall asleep and one of those signals is darkness.Make sure your room is as dark as possible before trying to get to sleep. Even a thin stream oflight coming in through your window can disrupt your pinealgland’s proction of sleephormones and therefore disturb your sleep rhythms, so make sure your blinds are closed!

我們的身體依靠“睡眠信號”來入睡，其中一個信號就是黑暗。所以在睡覺前要確保房間光線盡可能暗。即便是透過玻璃窗射進來的一小束光線也可能會干擾人的松果體分泌睡眠荷爾蒙，從而干擾睡眠生物鍾。因此要保證關上百葉窗!

7. Sugar before bedtime

睡前攝取糖分

Sugary snacks before bedtime are a really bad idea. The sugar can disrupt the chemicals inyour body causing you to wake up ring the night. Limit all late night sweet treats – if you’rehungry go for a protein based snack instead.

睡前吃含糖的零食真的是個壞主意。糖會破壞人體體內的化學物質，導致人在夜間醒來。因此要控制晚間吃甜食的量，如果你餓了，去吃一些蛋白質為主的零食吧。

8. Alcohol before bedtime

睡前喝酒

Alcohol is a sedativeand therefore people get fooled into thinking it will help them get agood nights sleep. The reality is that it may initially ince sleep, however it usually drasticallyimpairs sleep ring the second half of the night which leads to interrupted sleep patterns thatwill leave you feeling fatigued in the morning (not to mention the hangover!)

酒精有鎮定作用，因此人們會誤以為酒精能幫助睡眠。實際上酒精可能會在一開始促進人睡眠，但是它也常會在後半夜嚴重影響人的睡眠，打亂人的睡眠模式，讓你在早上覺得很疲乏(更不用說還有宿醉了)。

9. TV in the bedroom

卧室里擺放電視

It can be easy to fall asleep on the couch in front of the TV. It’s important we don’t try andreplicatethis strategy in the bedroom though. The bedroom must only be associated withsleep. When you start to introce mental stimulation such as a TV this can severely disruptyour sleep patterns.

坐在電視機前的沙發上很容易睡著，但重要的是我們不能在卧室里嘗試這一 方法 。卧室應當只與睡眠有關，把電視機之類刺激神經的東西放進卧室會嚴重打亂你的睡眠模式。

10. Worrying about sleep

擔心睡眠

If you’ve had a few bad nights sleep, then the worst thing you can do is worry too muchabout it. When we place too much focus on sleeping this can cause anxiety and only make theproblem worse. Try to go with the flow and let your body naturally get into a healthy sleeppattern.

當你幾天都睡不好後，最糟糕的事情就是你還總是擔心自己的睡眠。當我們把注意力過多放在睡眠上時，就會導致焦慮，而焦慮只會讓睡眠問題變得更嚴重。試著順其自然地讓身體進入健康的睡眠模式吧。

醫學科普文章英文版2

5個有害健康的常見生活習慣

Everyday health hazard 1: Lying

日常健康危害之1：撒謊

Whether you’re complimenting your best friend’s unflattering hairdo or “improvising”on thecost of your new designer shoes, we all tell the odd fibfrom time to time. However, accordingto research, those little white lies could be more harmful than you think. Lying can generatefeelings of stress which are damaging to your health, and a study by researchers at theUniversity of Notre Dame found that when people reced the amount of lies they told theysuffered from less headaches, sore throats and anxiety.

無論你是在恭維你最好朋友那不討喜的發型，或臨時沖動購物買下最新名牌鞋，在這時候我們通常會撒一些古怪的小謊。但是最新的研究顯示，即便是那些無害純潔的小謊言也會帶來意想不到的危害。撒謊會產生壓力，而壓力會損害你的健康。一項來自聖母大學的研究發現，當人們減少說謊話的次數時，他們就會減少頭疼、咽喉疼痛和焦慮的患病次數。

Everyday health hazard 2: Eating at your desk

日常健康危害之2：辦公桌上吃飯

If you’re having a busy day in work, it can be tempting to skip your lunch break and eat atyour desk. However, missing out on breaks is not only bad for your stress levels, eating whiledistracted may also mean you are more likely to overeat. Furthermore, spending your lunchhour at your desk can lengthen the time you are physically inactive and also expose you toharmful bacteria. According to a study by the University of Arizona, your work station containsnearly 400 times more germs than the average toilet seat, making it a less than ideal place fordining.

如果你工作忙綠，你的午餐休息時間可能沒了，就不得不在辦公桌上吃午飯。然而錯過了休息不僅會讓你感到壓力緊張，而且心煩意亂的你在這時候吃飯會導致你進食過量。此外，在辦公桌上吃飯，你的身體不活動的時間就會增加，還會讓你暴露在有害的細菌環境中。亞利桑那大學的研究 報告 顯示，辦公環境細菌量是馬桶座圈平均量的400倍，你還想在這樣的地方進餐嗎?

Everyday health hazard 3: Housework

日常健康危害之3：家務

Need an excuse to put your feet up? Well, good news: research suggests that leaving thehousework for another day could give your health a boost! Research results published in theJournal of Family Psychology revealed that doing housework when you get home from workprevents levels of cortisol (the stress hormone) from lowering and reces recovery fromstress. However, stress levels for both men and women were lowered by housework beingcompleted – just so long as they weren’t the ones doing it. Look after your health by takingturns to do the housework with other members of your household if possible, and take timeout to relax afterwards.

想找個理由不做家務?那有好消息了：研究顯示，人們把 家務活 留到第二天做，身體會更棒!《家庭心理學》刊登了這篇研究報告，報告結果顯示，當你下班回家後做家務活，皮質醇(壓力荷爾蒙)的釋放會被抑制。皮質醇能降低壓力，還能縮短受壓後的恢復時間。但是當家務被完成後，男性和女性的壓力水平都會降低——只要做家務的不僅僅只有他或她。可以的話，你可以和家人分擔家務，這樣能讓自己保持健康，還有家務過後記得要抽時間休息啊。

Everyday health hazard 4: Using cash machines

日常健康危害之4：使用自動提款機

Withdrawing money from ATM machines is a common habit for most of us. However,cleanliness tests in Britain have revealed that cash machines are just as dirty as public toilets,and many of us are failing to wash our hands after using them. Experts assessed swabs fromthe key pads on cash machines and also from nearby public toilets and found that they bothcontained the same types of bacteria known to cause sickness. To look after your health, usean antibacterialhand gel once you have made your withdrawaland after handling money.

從自動提款機中提起現金是大多數人的日常習慣。然而一項英國的潔凈測試顯示，提款機和公廁一樣臟，而且，大多數人在使用後都不會去洗手。專家們在自動提款機的鍵盤和附近的公廁中提取了樣品，發現兩者均含有同樣致病菌。為了您的健康，請在提款和處理錢款後使用抗菌洗手液清洗。

Everyday health hazard 5: Cancelling plans

日常健康危害之5：取消計劃

Find yourself frequently cancelling plans and ling out on social events to have a bit oftime to yourself? Then it may be time to pay some attention to your social life. While a bit of‘me time’ is essential to good mental and physical health, too much time on your own canactually be bad for you. Research suggests that having strong social bonds promotes brainhealth, reces feelings of depression and stress and encourages you to look after yourhealth. In fact, a study found that having few friends affects your longevityas much as smoking15 cigarettes a day.

發現自己頻繁取消計劃，還想擺脫社交活動，只為擠出屬於自己的空閑時間?那麼現在是時候在自己的社交生活中多多用心。擁有少量屬於自己的時間，對於精神和身體方面是非常有益處的，但是太多屬於自己的時間，反而有可能會害了你。研究顯示，較強的社交聯系有益於大腦的健康，同時能避免抑鬱、降低壓力，還能鼓勵自己多關注自身的健康。事實上一項研究發現，沒有朋友也會減少你的壽命，效果相當於1天抽15根煙。

醫學科普文章英文版3

睡前玩iPad會影響睡眠質量

Using tablet computers like Apple’s iPad and Samsung’s Galaxy Note just before bed can lead toa poor night’s sleep, according to research.

More and more people are taking their tablets to bed with them to surf the web, checkFacebook or email before switching off the light.

But researchers are warning that the blueish light their screens emit can stop users getting agood night’s sleep.

That is because this type of light mimics daylight, convincing the brain that it is still daytime.

Blue light suppresses proction of a brain chemical called melatonin, which helps us fall sleep.This is because our brains have evolved to be wakeful ring daylight hours.

By contrast, light which is more orange or red in tone does not suppress melatoninproction, perhaps because our brains recognize it as a cue that the day is ending.

Neurologists have known for years that staring at screens late in the evening can disrupt sleep- be they television screens, computer screens or mobile phone screens.

However, because mobiles and tablets are by nature portable - not to say addictive - morepeople are taking them into the bedroom.

Users also tend to hold them much closer to their eyes than a computer or television screen.

Researchers at the Lighting Research Centre, at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in NewYork, are warning that looking at tablet displays for more than two hours “leads to asuppression of our natural melatonin levels as the devices emit optical radiation at shortwavelengths” - in other words, they emit bluer light.

They say: “Although turning off devices at night is the ultimate solution, it is recommendedthat if these devices are used at night displays are dimmed as much as possible and that thetime spent on them before bed should be limited.”

They drew their conclusions after measuring melatonin levels in 13 volunteers, after they hadspent time viewing iPads at full brightness at a distance of 10 inches, for two hours.

Melatonin levels were significantly lower after they had done this, than they were after thevolunteers had viewed their iPads for the same time, but while wearing orange glass goggles,which cut out the blue light.

They wrote in the journal Applied Ergonomics that tablet makers could "tune the spectral powerdistribution of self-luminous devices" so that they disrupted the sleep patterns of users less.

It is not just a good night’s sleep that could be jeopardized by too much late night screentime.

Researchers know that persistent disruption to sleep patterns can lead to an increased risk ofobesity, and even breast cancer.

However, these studies tend to be comparisons of those with chronic sleep disruption, suchas long term shift workers, with those who have normal sleep patterns.

B. 英語科普類文章

科普 教育 對我國小康社會、和諧社會的建設有著重要的意義。下面是我帶來的英語科普類 文章 ，歡迎閱讀!

英語科普類文章1

聽點小音樂 輕松學分數

Stuck on a tricky math problem? Start clapping. Grade school kids who learned about fractions through a rhythm-and-music-based curriculum outperformed their peers in traditional math classes. The work is inEcational Studies in Mathematics.

被一條數學題難住了?拍拍手試試吧。研究表明，小學生在有節奏感的音樂背景下學習分數知識的效果會好於傳統課堂(具體研究發表在《數學教育研究》上的《學術性音樂：如何用音樂輔助三年級小學生學習基礎分數》一文，作者：蘇珊·科瑞等)。

Fractions let you divide up a measure of music into notes of varying length. For example, one four-beat measure could contain a single whole note held for all four beats, two half notes of two beats apiece, four quarter notes of a beat each, and so on. In the Academic Music program, based on the Kodaly method of musical ecation, students clap, drum and chant to memorize the lengths of musical notes—then solve problems in which fractional notes must add up to a full measure of music.

根據分數的概念，一節音樂可分成長短不一的幾串音符。例如，一節四拍子的調子可包含一個代表四拍子的全音符，兩個各代表一個二拍子的二分音符，四個各代表一個一拍子的四分音符……以此類推。在“學術性音樂”項目中，研究人員以科達伊的音樂教育 方法 為基礎，讓學生通過打拍子、敲鼓、合唱記住各音符的長度，學生必須把這些片段加起來，才能得到一節完整的音樂——如此實踐可解決學生對分數的疑惑。

Sixty-seven students participated in the study. Half did math problems using the Academic Music system. And after six weeks, the students in the music program averaged 50 percent higher on tests than did the kids in regular math class. Fractions create a solid foundation for further math ecation—so mastering them is music to ecators' ears.

有67名學生作為實驗對象參與了本次研究，其中有一半在“學術性音樂”體系下解決數學問題。六周後，他們在測試中的得分要比普通班級中的學生平均高50%。分數是進一步進行數學知識教學的基礎——如此看來，這還多虧了教育者的耳朵。

英語科普類文章3

十萬年前的顏料工作室

Archeologists have discovered a paint proction studio in an ancient South African cave A new archaeological find may signify one of the great leaps in human cultural and cognitive history. Because researchers have discovered a 100,000-year-old art studio. It was known that ochre—rock with red or yellow pigments—was used for paint even that far back in history. But there was scant evidence for how it was prepared and handled. Then, in 2008, researchers uncovered an ochre mixing kit in a South African cave. They found two abalone shells, most likely used for paint mixing and storage. They also found ochre, bone, charcoal, grindstones and hammerstones. The researchers say the ochre was probably rubbed on quartzite slabs to create a fine powder. It was then mixed and heated with other crushed substances, including other stones or mammal-bone. Microscopic striations on the inner abalone surface likely are likely scrape marks left ring paint mixing. The research was published in the journal Science. The paint may have been used for body adornment or for long-gone artwork. And the presence of this paint-proction laboratory indicates that the early humans knew basic chemistry and could plan for the future.

考古學家在南非的一個古老洞穴中發現了一個油漆製作工作室。這個新的考古發現可能是人類 文化 和認知歷史的最偉大的跨越之一。因為研究人員發現的這個工作室產生於十萬年前。眾所周知，擁有紅色或黃色色素的赭石岩一直被廣泛運用於繪畫中，但卻少有證據顯示它是如何製作並運用的。2008年，研究人員 在南非的山洞中發現了赭石混合工具， 兩個可能用於調漆和儲存的鮑魚殼，除此之外他們還發現了赭石，骨頭，炭筆和石錘。研究人員稱，這些赭石很有可能經過在石英岩板上仔細研磨後，得到上等的粉末，然後再與 其他石頭或者是哺乳動物的粉末混合並加熱。用顯微鏡觀察鮑魚殼的內表面，你可以發現一些刮痕，這些都有可能是在混合顏料的過程中留下來的。這個發現已經被刊登在科學期刊上。這些顏料可能一直被運用在人體 彩繪 和長久失傳的藝術品上。而且這些顏料製作工作室的存在表明了早期人類對化學已有了基本的了解並具有了規劃未來的能力。顏料工具的一小步，人類歷史的一大步——辛西亞莫。

英語科普類文章3

你知道發燒的妙處嗎?

Fever can play a variety of roles, such as inhibiting pathogen replication. It also apparently increases the population of killer T cells of the immune system. Christopher Intagliata reports.

發燒有多種不同的作用，如抑制病菌復制。它還可以顯著增加免疫系統中殺傷性T細胞的數量。

I've always thought that when I get a fever, it's my body trying to make things uncomfortable for the invading pathogen. And that's often true—higher temperatures can inhibit the bad guys' ability to replicate. But my fever may actually be a one-two-punch. In addition to slowing down the invader, the heat helps the immune system recruit more troops for a counter-attack. That finding appears in the Journal of Leukocyte Biology.

我很早就知道，發燒的時候，其實是我的身體正在對入侵的病原體做出抵抗。這是事實---高溫可以抑制壞病菌復制的能力。但發燒更是一個組合打擊。除了減緩病原體的入侵，高溫可以幫助免疫系統召集更多的部隊做出抵抗。這一研究發表在《白細胞生物學雜志》。

Researchers warmed up one group of mice to body temperatures of about 103 degrees Fahrenheit. They left another group at normal core temperature—about the same as ours. Then they injected both groups of mice with an antigen, a substance that attracts the attention of the immune system.

研究人員將一組老鼠的體溫升高到103華氏度，另外一組保持正常體溫---大約是人體溫度。然後向這兩組老鼠的體內注射抗原——一種會引起免疫系統反應的物質。

Blood samples taken three days later revealed that the feverish mice had nearly twice as many killer T-cells: the kind of immune cells that can hunt down infected cells or tumor cells, and slaughter them.

三天後，這兩組老鼠的血樣表明，體溫較高老鼠組體內的殺傷性T細胞是正常組的2倍，這種免疫細胞可以追蹤感染細胞或癌細胞，並將其消滅。

So when you're sick and you get the chills, the authors say, your body may be trying to tell you to hop under some blankets. Lie down, warm up and send a message. The heat is on.

所以，當你生病或感到寒冷時，表示你的身體正直向你傳達信息--裹條毯子。躺在床上吧，熱起來，身體自會做出反應。熱度來襲啊。

C. 英語閱讀課常用的教學方法有哪些

1.愉快教學法
教師在教學中，應使整個教學都彌漫著一種和諧、融洽、振奮、飽滿的情緒氣氛。同時，在教學時，使學生進入語境，創造情景，幫助學生通過英語直接理解教學內容意思，養成用英語思維的習慣。其次，在教學過程中，安排一些興趣活動。如：唱歌、游戲、饒口令等。運用這些靈活的教學方法，讓學生在「樂中學」又在「學中樂」。在我們的日常生活中，成功與快樂總是相伴而行的。那麼，教師在教育中就應該運用好表現──成功──快樂三步曲方法，尤其對後進生，要多給予肯定評價。
2.演示法
演示可以使學生獲得豐富的感性材料，加深對事物的印象，特別是教學一些字母、單詞時，利用實物、圖片、表情動作等創設大量的視覺情景，對兒童反復進行大量的可理解性語言輸入，進行反復多遍的聽說活動。豐富學生的感性認識，增強演示效果，而盡可能快的使學生的認識上升到理性階段，形成理性階段，形成概念，掌握事物的本質。例如：在學習字母時要充分利用卡片;在新授單詞的時候可以用實物來演示，例如「pen」「bag」「book」等。在新授的Isita...」時，可以直接利用學生手中的實物來進行對話，並且鼓勵每一個孩子積極參加到學習中去，要以滿腔的熱情去對待每一個孩子，對他們學習中的每一個進步及時給予肯定、表揚、獎勵等，讓所有的學生在對自身學習的滿足中提高學習的積極性。
3.模仿練習法
學習英語模仿練習是很重要的方法，小學生要說得准確，首先必須看得准，聽得准。因此，教師在范讀字母、單詞或句子之前，要讓學生聽老師的讀音，看老師的口形，並鼓勵學生大膽開口，敢於大聲講英語，說錯了及時糾正，並注意將正確的音與錯誤的音進行比較，反復訓練，以免在語音上給學生留下後患。另外，應鼓勵學生課下盡量用所學過的常用表達方式進行相互對話。因為我們不是單純為學語言而教語言，而是在用中學，在學中用，培養運用語言的能力。
4.講授法
英語並不像我們的母語──漢語那樣從小就開始學說、理解和運用。而英語對於我們小學生來說就顯得特別難學。所以，教師進行一定的講解，講述和講讀是十分有效的。但是，講授法並不是照本宣科，單板、生硬地向學生灌輸，而是講授要有一定的啟發性，更要穿插一些其他的教法與之結合起來。

D. 科普類英語文章

隨著科學技術的飛速發展和全球化進程的不斷加快，科普 文章 在向社會大眾普及科學技術知識，提高公眾科學素養等方面發揮著舉足輕重的作用。下面是我帶來的科普類英語文章，歡迎閱讀!

科普類英語文章

生物與環境平衡的危機

The history of life on earth has been a history of interaction between living things and their surroundings. To a large extent, the physical form and the habits of the earth’s vegetation and its animal life have been molded by the environment. Considering the whole span of earthly time, the opposite effect, in which life actually modifies its surroundings, has been relatively slight. Only in the present century has one species man acquired significant power to alter the nature of his world.

During the past quarter century this power has not only become increasingly great but it has changed in character. The most alarming of all man’s assaults upon the environment is the contamination of air, earth, rivers, and sea with dangerous and even lethal materials. This pollution is for the most part irrecoverable. In this now universal contamination of the environment, chemicals are the sinister partners of radiation in changing the very nature of the world the very nature of its life. Chemicals sprayed on croplands or forests or gardens lie long in soil, entering into living organisms, passing from one to another in a chain of poisoning and death. Or they pass mysteriously by underground streams until they emerge and combine into new forms that kill vegetation, sicken cattle, and work unknown harm on those who drink from once pure wells. "Man can hardly even recognize the devils of his own creation," as a scientist has said.

It took hundreds of millions of years to proce the life that now inhabits the earth. Given time not in years but in millennia life adjusts, and a balance has been reached. But in the modern world there is no time.

The rapidity of change follows the impetuous pace of man rather than the deliberate pace of nature. Radiation is now the unnatural creation of man’s tampering with the atom. The chemicals are the synthetic5 creations of man’s inventive mind, having no counterparts in nature.

To adjust to these chemicals would require not merely the years of a man’s life but the life of generations. And even this, were it by some miracle possible, would be futile, for the new chemicals come from our laboratories in an endless stream; almost five hundred annually find their way into actual use in the United States alone. Among them are many that are used in man’s war against nature. Since the mid 1940’s over 200 basic chemicals have been created for use in killing insects, weeds, and other organisms described as "pests."

It is not my contention that chemical insecticides must never be used. I do contend that we have put poisonous and biologically potent chemicals indiscriminately into the hands of persons largely or wholly ignorant of their potentials for harm. We have subjected enormous numbers of people to contact with these poisons, without their consent and often without their knowledge. I contend, furthermore, that we have allowed these chemicals to be used with little or no advance investigation of their effect on soil, water, wildlife, and man himself. Future generations are unlikely to forgive our lack of concern for the integrity of the natural world that supports all life.

地球上生命的歷史一直就是一部生物與其環境相互作用的歷史。在很大程度上，地球上動植物的形態以及習性都是由外部環境所塑造的。考慮到地球上生命存在的整個時間，相反作用，即生命對其周圍環境的實際改變作用，卻相對很小。只有在當前這個世紀(指20世紀)才有一個物種--人類，獲得了強大的力量，改變了其所生存的世界的自然狀態。

在過去的1/4世紀中，這種力量不僅日趨強大，而且其性質也發生了變化。在人類破壞環境的種種行為中，最令人擔憂的是人類向大氣、土壤、河流以及海洋中排放危險甚至致命物質，而當今這種污染在很大程度上是無法挽救的。在當今這種對環境的普遍污染中，化學製品與輻射狼狽為奸，改變著地球的自然狀態，也就是改變著地球上生命的自然狀態。噴灑到農田、森林或者花園里的化學物質長期滯留於土壤中，滲入有機體內，並彼此相傳，形成了一個中毒與死亡的鏈條。化學物質還神秘地通過地下水傳遞，最終以新的形式出現並結合，使植物毒死，牲畜害病，並使飲用一度純凈的井水的人遭受了不明之害。正如一位科學家所言：“人類甚至對自己創造的惡魔都不認識。”

地球歷經了許多億年才創造了棲息其上的生命。經過了一定時間--不是以若干年計而是以若干千年計的時間--生命開始適應環境，並形成了一種與環境的平衡。但是在現代世界中，時間這一因素已經沒有了。

環境改變的速度不再順從大自然從容不迫的節奏，而是順從人類急切匆匆的步伐。輻射是當今人類通過支配原子而得到的一種非自然的創造物。化學製品則是人類有發明創造力的頭腦創造出來的合成物，在自然界本無相應的東西。

為了適應這些化學製品，人類需要付出的時間不會只是一個人一生的時間，而是幾代人的時間。而即使這樣，就算出現奇跡成為可能，這種適應也是徒勞的，因為新的化學製品從我們的實驗室中源源不斷地湧出。僅在美國，每年就有大約500種化學製品投入使用，其中許多是用於人類對自然的戰爭中。從20世紀40年代中期起，人類已經創造了200多種基本化學製品用來消滅昆蟲、野草以及其他所謂的“有害生物”。

我不是說人類決不能使用化學殺蟲劑。我要說的是，我們不分青紅皂白地將這些有毒的、具有強大生物功能的化學製品，交給了那些對這些製品的潛在危害基本上或者完全無知的人去使用。我們使眾多的人接觸這些有毒物質，卻沒有徵得他們的同意，並常常將他們蒙在鼓中。我還要說的一點是，我們允許使用這些化學製品，卻事先很少或者根本沒有調查它們對土壤、水、野生生物以及人類自身造成的影響。我們缺乏對萬物賴以生存的自然界生態統一的關心，對此，我們的後代是不可能原諒的。

科普類英語文章

基因技術能否使人更聰明?Get Smart

Many people dream of having a smarter brain. Princeton neurobiologist Joseph Z. Tsien found the key. In September he announced that he’d built a better mouse by altering a gene that affects learning and memory. A similar process of gene manipulation might conceivably be used one day to boost intelligence in humans.

The secret lies in a feature of brain cells called the nmda receptor, which Tsien likens[1] to a cylindrical tube or window that mediates[2] the flow of information. When the window is open, chemicals called neurotransmitters flow through easily and memory is registered and stored. But as organisms mature, the window begins to close. (This may explain why children lose their facility for learning new languages when they reach sexual maturity and why some people suffer memory loss as they age.)

Tsien noticed that the receptor worked more efficiently when teamed[3] with the gene NR2B, so he introced extra NR2B genes into a batch of fertilized mouse eggs. In a normal mouse, the memory window is open for just 150-thousandths of a second. In Tsien’s specially engineered mice, the window opens for 250-thousandths of a second, long enough to make a remarkable difference in memory retention. When he pitted[4] his mice against common mice, they won paws down. Ordinary mice could recognize a Lego block for 12 hours, but smart mice could remember the block for up to three days. "That’s a profound enhancement," Tsien says.

Can it be done with humans? Maybe, but genetic engineering will have to make some extraordinary advances first. And some thorny ethical issues will have to be resolved. Meanwhile, Tsien promises to keep his furry little geniuses locked up in a lab, far from your larder. "Otherwise," he says, "you might need a smart cat or a smart mousetrap to catch them."

許多人都希望自己能變成更聰明。普林斯頓神經生物學家Joseph Z. Tsien就找到了這把開啟智慧之門的鑰匙：他於九月宣布，通過改變影響學習和記憶能力的基因培養出了一隻聰明的老鼠。類似的基因處理技術有望在未來日子裡運用到人腦，以推動人類智慧的飛躍。

該技術的奧秘就在於名為nmda感受器的腦細胞的功能。Tsien將其比作一個傳遞信息流的圓柱通道或窗口。當窗口開放時，某種稱為神經傳遞素的化學物質就能輕易流過，記憶因此登記並存儲了下來。然而，當器官成熟時，這扇窗口就開始關閉。(這也能解釋為何 兒童 長大後(性器官成熟之時)會失去掌握新語言的能力，以及為何某些人年老時會患失憶)。

Tsien注意到，當感受器與名為NR2B的基因協作時效率會更高。因此，他將NR2B基因植入一批老鼠的受精卵中。一隻普通老鼠的記憶之窗僅開放千分之150秒。而經Tsien植入基因的老鼠，記憶之窗能開放千分之250秒，這已經能夠使其 記憶力 發生驚人的改變。當他讓自己的老鼠與普通老鼠互斗時，它們竟能輕而易舉地取勝。普通老鼠能夠保留關於Lego block的記憶12小時，而聰明的老鼠居然能將記憶保持三天。“這可是一個意義深遠的進步。”Tsien這樣說。

那麼，人類也能接受這種基因移植嗎? 或許可以，但前提是基因工程得首先做出非凡的成就，還必須解決一系列棘手的倫理問題。Tsien保證他一定會將那些披著毛皮的小天才鎖入實驗室，遠離人們的食品櫃。“否則，”他說，“為了捉住他們，人們就不得不去尋找更聰明的貓或者功能更強的捕鼠器了。”

科普類英語文章

食用轉基因食品安全嗎?Food Safe To Eat?

Traditional plant breeding involve s crossing varieties of the same species in ways they could cross naturally.For example，disease-resistant varieties of wheat have been crossed with high-yield wheat to combine these properties.This type of natural gene exchange is safe and fairly predictable.

Genetic engineering(GE)involves exchanging genes between unrelated species that cannot naturally exchange genes with each other.GE can involve the exchange of genes between vastly different species――e.g.putting scorpion toxin genes into maize or fish antifreeze genes into tomatoes.It is possible that a scorpion toxin gene，even when it is in maize DNA，will still get the organism to proce scorpion toxin――but what other effects may it have in this alien environment?We are already seeing this problem――adding human growth hormone genes to pigs certainly makes them grow――but it also gives them arthritis and makes them cross-eyed，which was entirely unpredictable.

It will be obvious，for example，that the gene for human intelligence will not have the same effect if inserted into cabbage DNA as it had in human DNA――but what side-effect would it have?In other words，is GM food safe to eat?The answer is that nobody knows because long-term tests have not been carried out.

Companies wanting a GM proct approved in the UK or USA are required to provide regulatory bodies with results of their own safety tests.Monsanto’s soya beans were apparently fed to fish for10weeks before being approved.There was no requirement for independent testing，for long-term testing，for testing on humans or testing for specific dangers to children or allergic people.

The current position of the UK Government is that“ There is no evidence of long-term dangers from GM foods.”In the US，the American Food and Drug Administration is currently being prosecuted for covering up research that suggested possible risks from GM foods.

傳統的植物培育 方法 ，是依照植物自然雜交的方式，進行相同物種的人工雜交。比如，抗病小麥同高產小麥雜交，形成了一種具有雙重特性的新的小麥品種。這種自然的基因交換既安全，又具有相當的可預見性。

基因工程是在彼此毫無關系的物種之間，相互交換在自然條件下無法交換的基因。它可在有巨大差異的物種之間進行基因交換。比如，將蠍子毒素基因注入玉米，或者將魚防凍基因注入西紅柿。即使在玉米DNA中，蠍子毒素基因依然可能獲得有機組織產生蠍子毒素。但是在這種異質的環境中，這種基因產品會有什麼其他作用嗎?我們實際上已經發現這個問題：將人類生長荷爾蒙基因植入豬的體內，一定會使豬的生長加速，但是同時也使豬患上了關節炎和內斜視，而這一切是完全無法預測的。

打個比方，人類的智力基因顯而易見在人體DNA內和注入捲心菜DNA後的作用是不同的。但將它植入捲心菜中會產生什麼樣的副作用呢?換句話說，食用轉基因食品安全嗎?沒有人知道答案，因為人們尚未進行長期的測試。

在英國或者美國，一個公司如果希望其轉基因產品獲得批准，它必須向管理機構提供本公司轉基因產品安全測試的結果。Monsanto的大豆在獲得批准之前，曾用了10周時間進行喂魚試驗。目前，尚無要求對轉基因產品進行獨立測試、長期測試、人體測試，或者就其對兒童及過敏者所造成的特定危險進行測試。

英國政府目前的態度是：“尚無證據表明食用轉基因食品存在長期性的危險。”在美國，人們正在起訴美國食品葯品管理局掩蓋轉基因食品安全性的研究結果，這些研究結果表明，食用轉基因食品可能導致危險。

E. 高中英語的較難科普閱讀理解該怎樣處理

一般都是先看題目，對題目有個大致方向。
然後快速瀏覽一遍文章，因為科普說明文難度大，專版有名詞多，但權是文章脈絡很清晰，理解難度不大，所以只要瀏覽一遍，把握住中心思想。
說明文的選擇題大多為細節理解題，所以要帶著題目去文章中找答案，每一個選項一一對應，在文章中畫出來。
差不多就是這些了。
但是這個方法只針對說明文科普文，別的類型的文章還是需要搞懂文章大意再去做題目。

F. 高中英語科普閱讀題技巧

感覺科普文章一般結構比較清晰，建議讀的時候即使不能做到每個詞內都弄懂，至少也要弄懂每段容的大意（這個一般在開頭句或者總結句能找到）。回答問題的時候看大概在哪個段落，然後再找就可以了。如果實在文章讀不下去，不妨先看一眼問題，這樣讀起來可能更有目的性。
個人經驗，希望有幫到你

G. 醫學英語科普文章

身體健康是從物質意義對人的生活質量的理解。下面是我帶來的 醫學英語 科普 文章 ，歡頌慧羨迎閱讀!

醫學英語科普文章1

話說水果、蔬菜和野拍疾病

Five-a-Day "No Benefit" 每日五份沒效果

碧裂One of the most commonly-held beliefs regarding health and nutrition in the UK has beenfound to be untrue, according to a new scientific study.

For many years British people have been recommended to eat at least 'five-a-day' – that isfive items of fruit or vegetables every day in order to improve their health and rece thelikelihood of illness, in particular cancer.

The recommendation was first put forward in 1990 by the World Health Organizationwhich said that the 'five-a-day' diet could prevent cancer and other chronic diseases.

Since then the advice has been a mainstay of public health policies in many developedcountries, such as the UK, where the population eat a high proportion of junk food.

Many health campaigns have promoted the advice, and indeed much food packaging inBritain states how the contents will constitute part of your five-a-day.

However, a study of 500,000 Europeans from 10 different countries refutes the commonly-believed suggestion that up to 50% of cancers could be prevented by increasing the public'sconsumption of fruit and vegetables.

Instead the study, which is led by researchers from a well-respected New York medicalschool, estimates that only 2.5% of cancers could be averted by eating more fruit and veg.

It seems that the key to avoiding cancers is to have an overall healthy lifestyle whichincludes not smoking or drinking a lot of alcohol, taking exercise and avoiding obesity.

But medical charities have spoken out to remind people that diet is an important factor instaying healthy, and that even a 2.5% rection in cancers is still a positive step.

Cancer Research UK said: "It's still a good idea to eat your five-a-day but remember thatfruits and vegetables are pieces in a much larger lifestyle jigsaw."

醫學英語科普文章2

致命的軍團桿菌

legionnaires' disease is a serious and sometimes fatal form of pneumonia. legionnaires' disease is caused by infection with legionella bacteria which are found naturally in the environment and thrive in warm water and warm damp places. man-made water systems sometimes provide environments that let legionella bacteria increase to large numbers. these man-made systems include showers, spa pools, fountains, and air conditioning cooling towers. people usually get legionnaires' disease by breathing in mists that come from a water source contaminated with legionella bacteria.

an estimated 8,000 to 18,000 people get legionnaires' disease in the united states each year. some people can be infected with legionella bacteria and have mild symptoms or no illness at all. patients with legionnaires' disease usually have fever, chills, and a cough, which may be dry or may proce sputum. some patients also have muscle aches, headache, tiredness, loss of appetite, and, occasionally, diarrhea. from the time of infection with legionella bacteria, it takes 2-10 days for symptoms to appear. in most cases, symptoms begin after 5-6 days. legionnaires' disease is treated with antibiotics, such as erythromycin. the earlier that treatment is begun, the better the outcome.

the first known outbreak of legionnaires' disease was in philadelphia, usa, in 1976. a total of 221 people contracted the disease and 34 died. most of those that died were legionnaires and that's how the disease got its name. the second largest outbreak was at the stafford hospital in england in 1985; a total of 101 people contracted the disease and 28 died.

軍團病是一種非常嚴重的、有時可以致命的肺炎。軍團病是由軍團桿菌引起，這種細菌產生在自然環境中，在溫水裡及潮熱的地方蔓延。人工供水系統有時也能為軍團桿菌的大量繁殖提供生存環境。這些系統包括淋浴器、礦泉池、噴泉以及空調設備的冷卻水塔。人們通常是由於呼吸了被軍團桿菌污染的水源散發的水霧而傳染上軍團病的。

據估計，在美國每年都有國每年都有8000~18000人感染上軍團病。有些軍團病感染者所表現出來的症狀比較溫和，甚至根本就沒有得病的跡象。軍團病患者通常有發燒、畏寒及乾咳或咳痰等表現。部分患者還有肌肉疼痛、頭痛、疲勞、食慾不振及偶爾腹瀉等症狀。這種病的潛伏期約為的潛天。許多病例表明，出現症狀需要狀需要5~6天的時間。軍團病可以用紅黴素等抗生素進行治療，越早治療效果越好。

軍團病已知的首次爆發是在發是1976年美國費城，221人感染疾病，其中死亡34人。由於大多的死者都是軍團成員，因此稱為軍團病。該病的第二次大爆發是1985年在英國的斯塔福德醫院。這次101個被感染者中有28人死亡。

醫學英語科普文章3

女性最佳生育年齡

For women who want to have children, planning the right time is a difficult decision. In recent years, many women have opted to put off having kids until their late 20s and well into their 30s — focusing on finishing school, building their careers, traveling, and maybe even paying down their student loans before taking the leap into parenthood. Statistics show that women are waiting longer and longer to have kids — the current average age of first-time moms is up to 26.3, up from 24.9 just 15 years ago.

對於想要孩子的女性來說，合適的時間是一個艱難的決定。近年來，很多女性選擇在20歲末甚至30多歲才要孩子，主要原因是她們忙於完成學業、發展職業生涯、旅行、甚至選擇在為人父母之前償還助學貸款。數據表明，女性的生育年齡越來越晚——生第一胎的平均年齡從15年前的24.9歲上升到現在的是26.3歲。

The choice to have children is extremely personal and of course there’s no wrong answer when it comes to being ready to be a mom. But according to Dr. Gillian Lockwood, medical director at the Midland Fertility Clinic in the UK, there is an ideal age when our bodies are best suited to pregnancy. Can you guess what it is?

要孩子的選擇是一個非常私人的話題，選擇什麼時候做母親都沒有錯。但是英國米德蘭生育診所的醫學主任Gillian Lockwood表示，我們的身體有一個最佳的生育年齡。你能猜到是多少歲嗎?

I’ll give you a hint: it’s when many of us have a quarter-life crisis. Also: when it finally becomes affordable to rent a car.

提醒一下：最佳的生育年齡是在大多數人的“青年危機”時，也是我們終於能租得起車的時候。

Yep. According to Lockwood, the ideal age to get pregnant is 25.

Lockwood表示，是的，最佳的生育年齡是25歲。

Unfortunately, says Dr. Lockwood, it’s also the age when motherhood is low on many women’s list of priorities. She explained in the Evening Standard:

Lockwood醫生說，不幸的是，對很多25歲的女性來說，成為母親並不在她們的優先任務清單上面。Lockwood醫生在《倫敦標准晚報》上解釋說：

“Age 25 is exactly the time when today’s young women have left university, are trying to get off on a good career, trying to pay back their student loans, trying to find someone who wants to have babies with them and trying to get on the housing ladder.”

“25歲的當代年輕女性剛剛大學 畢業 ，事業起步，忙於償還助學貸款，找男朋友，努力買房。”

Dr. Lockwood also had some harsh words about fertility treatments being marketed as a viable option to women over 40. “The bleak reality is that the chance of IVF working with your own eggs once you are 40 is absolutely abysmal,” she said. “Would we let, yet alone encourage, patients to pay for an elective operation with a less than five percent chance of working?” While that may be Dr. Lockwood’s opinion, plenty of wannabe parents may be happy to take those chances.

Lockwood醫生還批判了向40多歲女性推銷不孕療法的行為。“事實很殘酷，如果你超過了40歲，用卵子進行體外受精的成功幾率非常低，”她說。“誰會允許甚至鼓勵病人做成功幾率低於5%的擇期手術?”這是Lockwood醫生的觀點，但仍有很多想要孩子的父母很願意抓住這些機會。

It’s worth reiterating that there are so many factors that inform the choice to have kids and only you can decide when — and IF — you want to become a mother. Whether you choose to have kids at 20, 30, 40, or beyond; biologically, through a surrogate, or via adoption, always listen to your own body and make the decision that makes sense for your own life. You know what’s right for you.

特別強調的是，很多因素會影響要孩子的時間，只有你自己可以決定是否想成為一位母親。不管你是在20歲、30歲、40歲甚至更大的年齡要孩子，是自己生、代孕還是收養，你都要聽從自己的身體，做出對生活有意義的選擇。你知道什麼是最適合自己的。