全國卷英語閱讀理解記敘文
❶ 2021年高考英語全國卷1 - 閱讀理解A
Rome can be pricey for travelers, which is why many choose to stay in a hostel. The hostels in Rome offer a bed in a dorm room for around $25 a night, and for that, you』ll often get to stay in a central location with security and comfort.
對於旅行者來說，羅馬很貴，這就是許多人選擇住旅社的原因。羅馬的旅社單人間每晚25美元左右，因此，你通常可以住在安全舒適的市中心。
Yellow Hostel
If I had to make just one recommendation for where to stay in Rome, it would be Yellow Hostel. It』s one of the best-rated hostels in the city, and for good reason. It』s affordable, and it』s got a fun atmosphere without being too noisy. As an added bonus, it』s close to the main train station.
如果一定要讓我就羅馬的住宿做一個推薦的話，那就是Yellow Hostel。這是本市評級最好的旅社之一，這是有充分理由的。價格實惠，氣氛活躍又不太吵鬧。另外還有一好處，離火車總站很近。
Hostel Alessandro Palace
If you love social hostels, this is the best hostel for you in Rome. Hostel Alessandro Palace is fun. Staff members hold plenty of bar events for guests like free shots, bar crawls and karaoke. There』s also an area on the rooftop for hanging out with other travelers ring the summer.
如果你喜歡社交型旅社，這就是羅馬最好的。Hostel Alessandro Palace
很有意思，工作人員為客人舉辦很多酒吧活動，比如免費拍照、泡吧和卡拉OK。屋頂上還有一片區域，夏天可以和其他旅行者一起閑逛。
Youth Station Hostel
If you』re looking for cleanliness and a modern hostel, look no further than Youth Station. It offers beautiful furnishings and beds. There are plenty of other benefits, too; it doesn』t charge city tax; it has both air conditioning and a heater for the rooms; it also has free Wi-Fi in every room.
如果你想找一家干凈而又現代化的旅社，沒有比Youth Station更好的了。它提供漂亮的傢具和床，另外：不收城市稅；房間里有空調和暖氣；每個房間都有免費Wi-Fi。
Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes
Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes is located just a 10-minute walk from the central city station and it』s close to all of the city』s main attractions. The staff is friendly and helpful, providing you with a map of the city when you arrive, and offering advice if you require some. However, you need to pay 2 euros a day for Wi-Fi.
Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes距離市中心車站僅10分鍾的步行路程，距離城市所有主要景點都很近。工作人員友好且樂於助人，在您到達時為您提供城市地圖，並在您需要時提供建議。不過，使用Wi-Fi需要支付2歐元一天。
❷ 2022年高考英語全國甲卷 - 閱讀理解B
Goffin's cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it. The clear front of the box had a "keyhole" in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped "keys" to choese from. Inserting the correct "key" would let out the nut.
戈芬的鳳頭鸚鵡是一種原產於澳大拉西亞的小鸚鵡，它的形狀識別能力相當於兩歲兒童。盡管野外的這些鳥不知道使用工具，但事實證明，在籠中長大彎吵的可以熟練使用。最近的一次實驗中，給鳳頭鸚鵡一個盒子，盒子里有一顆堅果。盒子正面有一個幾何形狀的「鑰匙孔」，給這些鳥五個不同形狀的「鑰匙」讓它們從中選擇。插入正確的「鑰匙」堅果會掉出來。
In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical shapes. This ability to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an "allocentric frame of reference". In the experiment, Goffin's cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual recognition alone. Where trial-and-error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Goffin's cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space, similar to two-year-old babies.
人純槐類的嬰兒大約一歲左右就可以在圓孔中放入圓形物品，但要想在對稱性較差的情況下也能做到這一點，還需要一年的時間。這種能夠識別形狀需要朝特定方向轉動才能匹配的能力被稱為「異中心參照系」。在實驗中，戈芬的鳳頭鸚鵡能夠在大多數情況下僅通過視覺識別來選擇合適的工具。經過反復試驗，類似的測試中，鳳頭鸚鵡比猴子表現更好。這表明，當在空中移動物體時，戈芬的鳳頭鸚鵡確實具有異中心參照系，類似於兩歲的嬰兒。
The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues, or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.
根據研究人員的說法，下一步是嘗試確定做鬧友鳳頭鸚鵡是完全依賴視覺線索，還是在選擇形狀時也使用觸覺。
❸ 2021年高考英語全國卷1 - 閱讀理解B
By day, Robert Titterton is a lawyer. In his spare time though he goes on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova — not as a musician but as her page turner. 「I』m not a trained musician, but I』ve learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance.」
羅伯特·蒂特頓白天是個律師，業余時間，他和鋼琴家瑪麗亞·拉斯波娃一起上台——不是作為音樂家，而是作為她的翻頁師。「我不是一個熟練的音樂家，但我學會了閱讀音樂，所以我可以幫助瑪麗亞表演。」
Mr Titterton is chairman of the Omega Ensemble but has been the group』s official page turner for the past four years. His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn』t have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves. He said he became just as nervous as those playing instruments on stage.
蒂特頓是歐米茄樂團的主席，在過去四年裡一直是該組織的官方翻頁師。他的工作是坐在鋼琴家旁邊翻閱樂譜，這樣音樂家就不必自己動手而破壞聲音的連續。他說他變得和舞台上那些演奏樂器的人一樣緊張。
「A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you don』t turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot.」 Mr Titterton explained.
蒂特頓解釋道：「這份工作需要很多技能。當你必須翻到正確的位置時，你得確保不要一次翻兩頁，確保發現音樂中的重復部分。」。
Being a page turner requires plenty of practice. Some pieces of music can go for 40 minutes and require up to 50 page turns, including back turns for repeat passages. Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has their own style of 「nodding」 to indicate a page turn which they need to practise with their page turner.
做一個翻頁師需要大量的練習。有些曲子長達40分鍾，最多需要翻50頁，包括重復段落的往回翻。在台上無聲的交流是關鍵，每個鋼琴家都有自己的「點頭」風格來示意翻頁，這需要他們和翻頁師練習。
But like all performances, there are moments when things go wrong. 「I was turning the page to get ready for the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand,」 Mr Titterton said, 「Luckily I was able to catch them and put them back.」
不過和所有的表演一樣，有時也會出問題。」我正准備翻到下一頁，但翻頁的氣流讓剩餘的幾頁從架子上掉了下來，」蒂特頓先生說，「幸好我抓住了它們，把它們放回去。」
Most page turners are piano students or up-and-coming concert pianists, although Ms Raspopova has once asked her husband to help her out on stage.
大多數翻頁師是鋼琴專業的學生或是有前途的鋼琴演奏家，盡管拉斯波娃女士曾經讓她的丈夫在舞台上幫她翻頁。
「My husband is the worst page turner,」 she laughed. 「He』s interested in the music, feeling every note, and I have to say: 『Turn, turn!』 「Robert is the best page turner I』ve had in my entire life.」
「我丈夫是最糟糕的翻頁師，」她笑道，「他沉浸入音樂，感受每個音符，我不得不說：『翻頁、翻頁！』羅伯特是我一生中遇到的最棒的翻頁師。」
❹ 2020年高考英語全國卷2 - 閱讀理解A
History, Culture & Landscape. Discover and enjoy 4 centuries of history, 5 acres of celebrated and award-winning gardens with parkland walk. Owned by the Hasell family since 1679, home to the International Marmalade Festival. Gifts and antiques, plant sales, museums & Mediaeval Hall Tearoom.
歷史、文化與景觀。探索並欣賞4個世紀的歷史，以及5英畝著名的帶花園步道的獲獎花園。花園自1679年起屬於哈塞爾家族，是國際果醬節的舉辦地。禮品和古董、植物銷售、博物館和中世紀大廳茶室。
Open: 29 Mar- 29 Oct, Sun to Thurs.
開放時間：3月29日——10月29日，周日至周四。
Tearoom, Gardens & Gifts Shop: 10.30 – 17.30 (16:00 in Oct).
茶室、花園、禮品店：10:30–17:30（10月至16:00）。
House: 11.15 – 16:00 (15.00 in Oct)
房子：11:15 –16:00（10月至15:00）
Town: Pooley Bridge & Penrith
小鎮：普爾橋和佩里思
Those viewing the quality of Abbot Hall』s temporary exhibitions may be forgiven for thinking they are in a city gallery. The impressive permanent collection includes Turners and Romneys and the temporary exhibition programme has Canaletto and the artists from St Ives.
那些觀看Abbot Hall 臨時展覽的人可能會認為他們在城市美術館，這是可以理解的。令人印象深刻的永久藏品包括特納和羅姆尼，臨時展品包括卡納萊托和來自聖艾夫斯的畫家。
Open: Min to Sat and Summer Sundays.10.30-17.00 Summer,10.30-16.00 Winter.
開放時間：上午至周六和夏季周日。夏季10.30-17.00，冬季10.30-16.00。
Town: Kendal
小鎮：肯德爾
Discover, explore and enjoy award-winning Tullie House, where historic collections, contemporary art and family fun are brought together in one impressive museum and art gallery. There are four fantastic galleries to visit from fine art to interactive fun, so there』s something for everyone!
發現、探索並欣賞獲過獎的圖利之家，在一個令人印象深刻的博物館和美術館里，將歷史藏品、當代藝術和家庭樂趣匯集在一起。從精美藝術到互動娛樂，這里有四個奇妙的畫廊可供參觀，所以這里適合每個人！
Open: High Season 1 Apr-31 Oct: Mon to Sat 10.00-17.00,Sun 11.00-17.00.
開放時間：旺季 4月1日至10月31日：周一至周六 10.00-17.00，周日 11:00-17:00。
Low Season 1 Nov-31 Mar: Mon to Sat 10.00-16.30,Sun 12.00-16.30
淡季 11月1日至3月31日：周一至周六 10:00-16:30，周日 12:00-16:30
Town: Carlisle
小鎮：卡萊爾
Discover William Wordsworth』s inspiration home. Take a tour of his Lakeland cottage, walk through his hillside garden and explore the riches of the collection in the Museum. Visit the shop and relax in the café. Exhibitions, events and family activities throughout the year.
探索威廉·華茲華斯的靈感之家。參觀他的湖濱別墅，穿過山坡花園，探索博物館中豐富的藏品。參觀商店，在咖啡館里放鬆。全年有展覽、活動和家庭活動。
Open: Daily,09.30-17.30(last admission 17.00).
開放時間：每天 09:30-17:30（最後入場時間17:00）。
Town: Grasmere
小鎮：格拉斯米爾
❺ 2021年高考英語全國卷 - 閱讀理解C
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly recing waterfowl habitat.
當探險家們第一次踏上北美洲大陸時，天空和大地上到處都是各種各樣的野生動物，美洲土著人智慧地保護了這些寶貴的自然資源。然而僅僅幾十年，探險家和定居者們就奪走了這些資源中的大部分。數百萬只水鳥在市場獵人和一些野心勃勃的運動員手中被殺。上百萬英畝，用於喂養和容納不斷增加的水禽種群的濕地乾涸，水禽棲息地大大減少。
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. 「Ding」 Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, Iowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
1934年，隨著《候鳥狩獵郵票法案》的通過，越來越受到關注的國家採取了堅定的行動，制止對候鳥水禽以及對它們的生存至關重要的濕地的破壞。根據該法案，所有16歲及以上的水禽獵手每年都必須購買並攜帶聯邦鴨票。第一張聯邦鴨票是由J.N.「丁」達林設計的，他是愛荷華州得梅因的一位政治漫畫家，當時被富蘭克林·羅斯福總統任命為生物調查局局長。獵人願意購買鴨票，可以確保我們自然資源的生存。
About 98 percent of every ck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
每一張鴨票的98%直接進入候鳥保護基金，用於購買濕地和野生動物棲息地，納入國家野生動物保護區系統——確保這片土地得到保護，提供給子孫後代。自1934年以來，已有超過5億美元的資金投入該基金，用於購買超過500萬英畝的棲息地。難怪聯邦鴨票計劃被稱為有史以來最成功的保護計劃之一。
❻ 1999年高考英語全國卷 - 閱讀理解E
When a group of children politely stop a conversation with you, saying:「We have to go to work now,」 you're left feeling surprised and certainly uneasy. After all, this is the 1990s and the idea of children working is just unthinkable. That is, until you are told that they are all pupils of stage schools and that the work「they go off」 is to go on the stage in a theater.
當一群孩子禮貌地停止與你的對話，說：「我們現在得去上班了，」你會感到驚訝，當然也會感到不安。畢竟，現吵昌在是20世紀90年代，孩子們工作的想法是不可想像的，直到他們告訴你他們都是舞台學校的學生，「他們要去做」的工作就是在劇院的舞台上表演。
Stage schools often act as agencies to supply children for stage and television work. More worthy of the name 「stage school」 are those few places where children attend full time, with training for the theatre and a general ecation.
舞台學校經常充當中介機構為孩子們提供舞台和電視工作。更應該稱之為「舞台學校」的是少數幾個為孩子們提供全日制學習的地方，包括戲劇培訓和常規教育。
A visit to such schools will leave you in no doubt that the children enjoy themselves. After all, what lively children wouldn't settle for spending only half the day doing ordinary school work, and acting, singing or dancing their way through the other half of the day?
毫無疑問，參觀這樣的學校，你會發現孩子們很開心。畢竟，活潑的孩子怎麼會滿足於只花半天時間做普通學校的作業，另半天時間表演、唱歌或跳舞呢？
Then of course there is time for the children to make a name and make a little money in some big shows. Some stage schools give their children too much professional work at such a young age. But the law is very tight on the amount they can do. Those under 13 are limited to 40 days in the year and those over 13 to 80 days.
當然，孩子們還有機會在一些大型演出中露臉並賺點小錢。一些舞台學校在孩子很小的時候就給他們提供了非常多的專業工作，但法律嚴格限制可以做的工作數量。13歲升鋒扒以下的孩子一年基缺只能做40天，而13以上的孩子一年可以做80天。
The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the profession for which they are being trained. So what happens to those who don't make it? While all the leading schools say they place great importance on children getting good study results, the facts seem to suggest this is not always the case.
學校承認，並不是所有的孩子都能在他們正在接受的職業中取得成功。那麼，那些沒有成功的孩子會怎樣呢？雖然所有主要的學校都說他們非常重視孩子取得好的學習成績，但事實似乎表明，情況並非總是如此。
❼ 2021高考英語全國乙卷閱讀理解D篇優劣辨析
2021年普通高等學校招生全國統一考試D篇
原文鏈接：
https://hbr.org/2017/10/why-you-can-focus-in-a-coffee-shop-but-not-in-your-open-office
2021全國乙卷D篇文本
During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction(干擾) in his open office, he said, 「That』s why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street —so I can focus. "His comment struck me as strange. After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout (布局). But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.
The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking. They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels(分貝),70 decibels, and 85decibels. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however,the participants in the 70 decibels group—those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop-significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise.
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise—not too loud and not total silence—may actually improve one』s creative thinking ability. The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus. This kind of"distracted focus"appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks.
So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we can't stop ourselves from getting drawn into others』 conversations while we』re trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
32. Why does the interviewer prefer a coworking space?
A. It helps him concentrate.
B. It blocks out background noise.
C. It has a pleasant atmosphere.
D. It encourages face-to-face interactions.
33. Which level of background noise may promote creative thinking ability?
A. Total silence.
B. 50 decibels.
C. 70 decibels.
D. 85 decibels.
34. What makes an open office unwelcome to many people?
A. Personal privacy unprotected.
B. Limited working space.
C. Restrictions on group discussion.
D. Constant interruptions.
35.What can we infer about the author from the text?
A. He's a news reporter. B. He』s on office manager.
C. He's a professional designer. D. He's a published writer.
答案：ACDD
解讀：
文章大意：辦公環境「噪音」對環境當中的「人的大腦」的影響。「帶入式」噪音和「非帶入式噪音」是有差別的。文本詞數：394。
本文本因為對原文進行了大量的刪減。所以可以看出刪除部分包含以文章main idea為核心的相關research, 也就是缺少了連貫的科學研究過程的闡述，且以作者第一人稱來敘述，研究並非作者親自參與，所以文章style屬於敘事體，高考當中的文本體裁趨近界定為nonfiction范疇的類科普說明文（事實上是缺少科普文所應該具備的要素的）。
文章當中有一個關鍵信息詞彙coworking space。
拓展信息：
聯合辦公（共享辦公）是一種為降低辦公室租賃成本的辦公模式，來自不同公司的個人在聯合辦公空間中共同工作，在特別設計和安排的辦公空間中共享辦公環境，彼此獨立完成各自項目。同樣的，其應該具有以下四個要素：輕服務——免費提供公共辦公空間、網路、茶水、列印、安保服務等夠靈活——即租即用，租期靈活，領包入住分割式——一個辦公場地被劃分為許多小塊，按照自身需求尋找相應共享式——來自不同公司的個人共享一個辦公環境，更加強調空間與人之間的連接。國內的聯合辦公行業，各品牌已經開始有自己較為明晰對的定位和細分客群， 優客工場和氪空間擁有現如今國內最大的空間數量以及經營面積，主張便捷高效的辦公理念，在引入多元化投資機構的同時，已逐步完成了自身生態圈體系的搭建。
2.1第一段當中During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction(干擾) in his open office, he said, 「That』s why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street —so I can focus. "His comment struck me as strange. After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout (布局). But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.
本段命題人對原文有一定的改編，首句起到一個引入主題的作用，但對文章整體核心信息並沒有密切的關聯性，所以篇章首句並非都是文本信息具有main idea 有提示作用的關鍵句（如很多文本解讀所述）。整體看，第一段內容屬於中式思維改編，具有一定的跳躍性，但整體信息可以理解。第一段最後兩句的轉折從信息攝入角度看，因信息不足顯得牽強。此處，命題人命制了第一題：
32. Why does the interviewer prefer a coworking space?
A. It helps him concentrate.
B. It blocks out background noise.
C. It has a pleasant atmosphere.
D. It encourages face-to-face interactions.
其實本題的信息提示點遍布全文。只要讀懂全文，回答這個問題就比較容易。但是僅僅從第一段信息來看，試題的答案的文本信息支持是不足的。而本文當中如本題題干提示題境的the interviewer的選擇僅僅在第一段中提到，因此判斷其相關性很牽強。作為考試題答案選擇A。第一段最後一句是一個過渡句，引起下文提到的研究。但是命題人改編刪減後，下文提到的研究所表述的內容和原文的核心信息發生了偏離，同時「開放辦公環境」和「聯合/共享區域辦公」的差異性沒有體現出來。使得文章主體信息發生了偏離。但是不影響做題。
2.2文本第二段：The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking. They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels(分貝),70 decibels, and 85decibels. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however,the participants in the 70 decibels group—those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop-significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise.
但在70分貝噪音環境中（和咖啡廳里的噪音水平非常接近）的那一組在創造性思維測試中的表現是遠超過其它組的表現的。此外，我們的創造性思維水平在完全安靜的環境中和在85分貝的背景噪音環境中其實並沒有多大差別。此處闡述研究發現人們工作環境的噪音分貝對人們創造性思維的影響。信息直觀陳述。下一題：33. Which level of background noise may promote creative thinking ability?
Total silence. B. 50 decibels. C. 70 decibels. D. 85 decibels. 因為題干信息提示非常具體—— promote creative thinking ability，回讀文章however,the participants in the 70 decibels group—those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop-significantly outperformed the other groups.既可以選擇答案為C。此處，從做題角度需要考生讀懂幾個關鍵數字（分貝）相關聯的信息。上句是一個復雜巨，把破折號部分去掉，理解outperform基本就可以理解此處信息點，選擇正確答案。
2.3 文本第三段和第四段
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise—not too loud and not total silence—may actually improve one』s creative thinking ability. The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus. This kind of"distracted focus"appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks.
So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we can't stop ourselves from getting drawn into others』 conversations while we』re trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
這兩段信息也是經過命題人以自己的思維模式刪減改編的。整體上已經偏離了原文所要傳遞的科學規范的邏輯思路和信息。變成了命題人自己的thoughts。所以從文章精準信息傳遞上比較欠缺嚴謹性。第三段所表達的內容基本屬於相關研究結果。屬於對「開放式辦公環境」噪音影響思維的一個研究作證，但並非是「開放式」辦公環境思維能力受干擾的直接相關因素。直接因素是：熟悉環境下人們交談等內容對聽者所引發的代入感才是真正的「干擾」。此處命題：
34. What makes an open office unwelcome to many people?
A. Personal privacy unprotected.
B. Limited working space.
C. Restrictions on group discussion.
D. Constant interruptions.
題干提示下的四個備選答案ABC三個選項在文中基本沒有出現相關信息。只有D可以被選為正確答案。此題的問題在於背離真實科學信息而設立的情境。那麼這種閱讀理解以及閱讀理解考查就是虛假的理解測評。
35.What can we infer about the author from the text?
A. He's a news reporter. B. He』s on office manager.
C. He's a professional designer. D. He's a published writer.
最後一個題目設置的比較頭重腳輕，需要回到文章首句。基本就可以選擇答案了。這個題目從測試目標看效果不太理想。
總結：本文內容特色提及了關於「人腦對於噪音」的影響反應。屬於科普知識。但是文章語境涉及的是辦公環境，是學生所不熟悉的信息。與學生生活學習相關性不大。同時，此類研究並非學術界主流話題研究，非熱點話題。文章經過刪減改變後信息傳遞發生了本質變化，違背了傳遞真實信息的原則，也就是，讀者攝取的可能是不真實的信息。這是本文文本所變現的問題。本篇高考閱讀理解難度從考場答題角度來說屬於中等或中等偏下。題目設置以及干擾項並非很完整。
A few years ago, ring a media interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still ponder often. Ranting about the level of distraction in his open office, he said, 「That』s why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street — so I can focus.」
While I fully support the backlash against open offices, the comment struck me as odd. After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout.
But I recently came across a series of studies examining the effect of sound on the brain that reveals why his strategy works.
From previous research, we know that workers』 primary problem with open or cubicle-filled offices is the unwanted noise.
But new research shows that it may not be the sound itself that distracts us…it may be who is making it. In fact, some level of office banter in the background might actually benefit our ability to do creative tasks, provided we don』t get drawn into the conversation. Instead of total silence, the ideal work environment for creative work has a little bit of background noise. That』s why you might focus really well in a noisy coffee shop, but barely be able to concentrate in a noisy office.
One study, published in the Journal of Consumer Research, found that the right level of ambient noise triggers our minds to think more creatively. The researchers, led by Ravi Mehta of the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking.
Participants were randomized into four groups and everyone was asked to complete a Remote Associates Test (a commonly used measurement that judges creative thinking by asking test-takers to find the relationship between a series of words that, as first glance, appear unrelated). Depending on the group, participants were exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels, 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group (those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop) significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking doesn』t differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise — the equivalent of a loud garbage disposal or a quiet motorcycle. Since none of us presumably want to work next to a garbage disposal or motorcycle, I found this surprising.
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise — not too loud and not total silence — may actually boost one』s creative thinking ability. The right level of background noise may disrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus. This type of 「distracted focus」 appears to be the optimal state for working on creative tasks. As the authors write, 「Getting into a relatively noisy environment may trigger the brain to think abstractly, and thus generate creative ideas.」
In another study, researchers used frontal lobe electroencephalographic (EEG) machines to study the brain waves of participants as they completed tests of creativity while exposed to various sound environments. The researchers found statistically significant changes in creativity scores and a connection between those scores and certain brain waves. As in the previous study, a certain level of white noise proved the ideal background sound for creative tasks.
So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The quiet chatter of colleagues and the gentle thrum of the HVAC should help us focus. The problem may be that, in our offices, we can』t stop ourselves from getting drawn into others』 conversations or from being interrupted while we』re trying to focus. Indeed, the EEG researchers found that face-to-face interactions, conversations, and other disruptions negatively affect the creative process. By contrast, a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of ambient noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
Taken together, the lesson here is that the ideal space for focused work is not about freedom from noise, but about freedom from interruption. Finding a space you can hide away in, regardless of how noisy it is, may be the best strategy for making sure you get the important work done.
原文翻譯：
相信很多人都有這樣的感受：在很吵的咖啡廳能夠非常專注地工作，但在開放式的辦公室卻很難做到專注。究竟為什麼會出現這種現象呢？研究表明，適當水平的環境噪音能激發我們的思維進行更有創造性地思考。讓我們在工作中分心的可能並不是噪音本身，而是是誰製造的這些聲音。在開放式的辦公室，我們通常無法阻止自己被其他人的談話內容所吸引和帶入，或是當我們想集中注意力時卻經常被其他人打斷和打擾。適合專注工作的理想工作環境並不是沒有一點噪音的安靜環境，而是一種不會受到他人打斷和干擾的環境。
幾年前，有一位媒體記者朋友針對我剛出版的一本新書對我做了一次專訪，專訪期間，這位媒體記者說的一段讓我至今都經常思考的話。他說，他所在的開放式辦公環境的噪音讓他非常容易分心，對此他已經忍無可忍，於是他在公司辦公樓街對面的一個聯合辦公空間辦了一個會員，他在那裡能更加專注地工作。
開放式的辦公環境的各種噪音容易讓人分心，對於這一點我非常認同，也深有體會。但是這位記者朋友說到的聯合辦公空間能夠讓他更加專注地工作，這一點卻讓我很難理解。畢竟聯合辦公空間通常採用的也是開放式的辦公布局。
但是最近當我看了一系列研究聲音對大腦的影響方面的文章後，我才開始理解為什麼我的那位媒體朋友為了能專注地工作而選擇在聯合辦公空間工作而不願在自己的開放式辦公室工作。
根據之前的研究，我們知道，開放式辦公環境讓大家最頭疼的一個問題就是有各種大家不想聽到的噪音。
但是最新的研究發現，讓我們在工作中分心的可能並不是聲音本身，而是是誰製造的這些聲音。實際上，適度的辦公室幽默和閑言笑語對我們完成一些創造性的工作是有幫助的，只要我們自己不被這種閑言笑語帶進去就行。適合創造性工作的理想工作環境其實並不是那種一點噪音都沒有的絕對安靜的環境，而是有那種有適度水平的背景噪音的環境。這也是為什麼你能夠在一個有點吵的咖啡廳里專注工作，而在一個嘈雜的辦公室里卻很難集中精力工作。
《消費者研究周刊》發布的一份研究報告顯示，適當水平的環境噪音能激發我們的思維進行更有創造性地思考。伊利諾伊大學香檳分校的Ravi Mehta教授帶領一些研究人員做了這樣一項研究：研究了不同水平的噪音是如何影響那些正在進行創造性思維測試的研究對象的。
研究對象被隨機分為四組，每個人都被要求完成一項遠距離聯想測試（註：研究創造力問題的一種測驗方法。通常，提供幾個相隔較遠的片語，猜測它們共同的關聯詞。如，「鹽 、 深 、 沫」，它的關聯詞是「海」。創造性思考是將聯想得來的元素重新整合的過程。新結合的元素相互之間聯想的距離越遠，這個思維的過程或問題的解決就更有創造力。有創造力的人的聯想不同於一般人。有創造力的人他們有廣泛的聯想，一個元素可以與許多其他元素連接；而一般人的元素連接則比較少）。以組為單位，我們會為研究對象在測試過程中設置不同水平的噪音，從完全的靜音到50分貝、70分貝和85分貝的噪音。大部分分組之間的差異其實並不是太大，但在70分貝噪音環境中（和咖啡廳里的噪音水平非常接近）的那一組在創造性思維測試中的表現是遠超過其它組的表現的。此外，我們的創造性思維水平在完全安靜的環境中和在85分貝的背景噪音環境中其實並沒有多大差別。
因為在70分貝的噪音環境中的那一組的研究對象在創造性思維測試中的表現明顯好於其它組，因此研究認為，恰當水平的背景噪音（噪音不是太大，也不太過安靜）實際上是有助於提高一個人的創造性思維能力的。恰當水平的背景噪音可能會打亂我們正常的思維模式，使我們的想像力得以漫遊，但又不至於會讓我們無法集中注意力。這種「分心式的專注」能夠讓我們以最佳狀態完成創造性任務。正如作者所寫的的那樣：「在一個相對嘈雜的環境中可能會刺激我們的大腦進行更加抽象性地思考，從而產生創造性的想法。」
在另一項研究中，當研究對象在不同水平的噪音環境下完成創造性思維測試的時候，研究人員使用額葉腦電圖（EEG）機器來研究研究對象的腦電波。研究人員發現，研究對象的創造性思維的表現分數在不同噪音環境下的變化是非常大的，同時還發現這個分數與特定的腦電波是有緊密聯系的。和此前的研究結果一樣，一定水平的白噪音環境是完成創造性任務的理想環境。
所以問題來了：為什麼我們中的大部分人都討厭在開放式的辦公室里辦公呢？同事們之間小聲安靜的交談和空調系統製造的柔和聲音應該是能幫助我們集中注意力的。但問題是，在我們所處的開放式辦公室里，我們通常無法阻止自己被其他人的談話內容所吸引和帶入，或是當我們想集中注意力時卻經常被其他人打斷和打擾。事實上，腦電圖研究人員發現，面對面的交流、交談和其他干擾會對人們的創造性工作過程產生負面影響。相比之下，聯合辦公空間或咖啡館提供了一定程度的陌生環境噪音，同時也能讓自己免受他人的打擾，不會有人在你努力集中注意力工作的時候走過來打斷你、干擾你。
總的來說，我們通過上述這些研究成果學到的是：適合專注工作的理想工作環境並不是沒有一點噪音都沒有的決定安靜的環境，而是一種不會受到他人打斷和干擾的環境。因此，找到一個你可以沉浸進去專注工作的環境，不管這個環境有多嘈雜，這才是確保你能完成重要工作的最佳策略。
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❽ 2020年高考英語全國卷2 - 閱讀理解D
I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library,
圖書館在我心中的地位很特殊，從我記事起就是這樣。我一直是一個熱心的讀者，小時候每天看三本書。故事對我來說就像空氣一樣不可或缺，當其他孩子打球或參加派對時，我在從圖書館借來的書中體驗冒險，
My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old. It was a dream job and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.
我的第一份工作是在Ukiah圖書館工作，當時我16歲。這份工作夢寐以求，從上架書籍到給孩子們讀故事，我做了所有的事情。
As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children, and books were our main source of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.
長大後成為一名母親，圖書館在我的生活中占據了一個新的位置，增加了意義。我有幾個孩子，書籍是我們的主要快樂來源。對我們來說，帶上食物去當地的圖書館是件大事，我的孩子們可以在那裡挑選要讀的書或者想讓我讀給他們聽的書。
I always read, using different voices, as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it! It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books.
我總是用不同的聲音閱讀，就好像我在用自己的聲音表演故事，他們喜歡這樣！這是一個與我的孩子們建立聯系的特殊時刻，讓他們感受到書的奇妙。
Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on from generation to generation.
現在，我看到我的孩子們帶著他們的孩子去圖書館，我喜歡去圖書館的興奮感代代相傳。
As a novelist, I've found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can't afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy and I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.
作為一名小說家，我與圖書館建立了新的關系。我鼓勵讀者在買不起書的時候去當地的圖書館。我把圖書館看成是讀者和作家的避風港，這是一座橋梁，幫助讀者和書相連接。圖書館以自己的方式幫助打擊圖書盜版，我認為所有的作家都應該在可能的情況下大力支持圖書館。鼓勵讀者使用圖書館，在社交媒體上共享圖書館公告，經常使用它們，並在可能的時候談論它們。
❾ 2022年高考英語全國甲卷 - 閱讀理解C
As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
吉妮·巴茲林頓到達南極洲時，一群渴望問好的小巴布亞企鵝向她打招呼。這些溫柔可愛的看門人歡迎她，開始了一段吉妮永遠難忘的旅程。
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
現年71歲的吉妮從小就熱愛旅行。在她的職業舞蹈生涯中，曾在英國巡迴演出，一直渴望繼續探險。當她從舞蹈中退休，兒子們最終各自成家立業後，決定是時候冒險了。
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. "I just decided wanted to go," she says. "I had no idea about what I'd find there and I wasn't nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way."
在奇切斯特大學獲得相關藝術學位後，吉妮開始周遊世界，最終在日本和智利找到了教英語的工作。她發現，在智利，她可以在最後一刻買到從南美大陸最南端火地島出發前往南極洲的便宜船票。「我只是想去，」她說，「我不知道在那裡會發現什麼，我也不緊張，我只是想去。我想一個人去，因為我總是喜歡這樣。」
In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she'd never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. "From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has," Ginni says. "I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater."
2008年3月，吉妮登上一艘載有48名乘客的船，開啟了她從未經歷的南極洲之旅。「從看野生動物到看日出，整個過程令人驚嘆。南極洲給我留下了獨一無二的印象，」吉妮說，「我記得我第一次看到座頭鯨時，它就像史前生物一樣從水中浮出水面，我認為它在向我們微笑。你還可以聽見它在水下發出的歌劇般的聲音。」
The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.
認識到這是一塊寶貴的土地，應該受到人類的尊重，這就是對吉妮來說最重要的事情之一。