關於定語從句的英語閱讀理解

1. 英語閱讀中的定語從句怎麼找

既然是從句，那句子里一共至少就應該有2個謂語動詞，一個是主句的，一個是從句的。

所以要找定語從句先把句子里的動詞找出來，然後看動詞的前面是否有連詞which that who之類，定語從句的連詞本身是要充當句子成本的，這樣就會有別於名詞性從句和狀語從句。

然後可以看一下結構，定語從句往往跟在一個名詞的後面，那個名詞叫做先行詞；

最後再翻譯一下意思，能翻譯成「什麼什麼的」就是定語，如果是這個什麼什麼的是句子自然就是定語從句。

比如這是我昨天買的書。定語從句就是「我昨天買」，主句是這是書。
This is the book which I bought yesterday.

動詞有2個，主句系動詞is，從句謂語動詞bought
which是定語從句的標記，看到它就知道後面有一個從句
which前是一個名詞book，很可能後面的句子就是修飾說明這個book的，要說它是一本什麼什麼的書。

而which實際上是定語從句的賓語，被提前到靠近先行詞的位置了。

2. 初中英語定語從句練習-附答案

定 語 從 句
�
（一） 知識概要 �
定語從句並不屬於中考范圍，但由於作者在多年的教學中體會到，這一語法現象影響了許多學生自學英語。這些學生一般是成績較好的學生，想進行大量閱讀來提高自己的英語水平，但總是碰到一些問題，百思不得其解。苦於自己的水平只限於初中水平，無法提高，但各種補習班又都是為一些水平較差的學生開設的，所以又投師無門。為了解決這部分學生的學習困難，也為那些有志青年鋪平學習上的道路，特用這一節講述定語從句，不是從語法上講述，而是從閱讀理解方面去講述。可供同學們在學習時參考。這會對你的英語學習起到事半功倍的作用。�對於形容詞我們已十分熟悉了，如： a good book， 形容詞 good 用來修飾書 book。 我們也可以用一個句子來修飾名詞，這種句子叫做形容詞性從句，它起修飾名詞的作用，又被叫做定語從句(The attributive clause)。但有一點不同的是這個從句不是像形容詞那樣放於名詞前，而是放在名詞之後。它所修飾的名詞又被叫作先行詞，如： Do you know the scientist who gave us the talk this afternoon? 這句中的主句是 Do you know the scientist? (你知道那位科學家嗎?)而 who gave us the talk this afternoon (他今天下午給我們作的報告。)是定語從句。所以這兩句話合為一體即是：你認識今天下午給我們作報告的那位科學家嗎?這里 scientist 叫作先行詞，而 who 叫作定語從句的引導詞。 who 在定語從句中起主語的作用， who 的數與它的先行詞相同。又如： You must do everything that I do� 這里先行詞是 everything， 而 that I do 是定語從句，此句應譯為：你必須作我所作的一切。 that 叫作定語從句的引導詞，在句中作 do 的賓語。�引導定語從句的引導詞有關系代詞： that， which， who， whom， whose 和關系副詞 when， where， why， how。不論關系代詞還是關系副詞，都應放於先行詞和定語從句之間，起聯系作用，但它們都要在定語從句中起語法作用，充當一個成份。如關系代詞在定語從句中不是作主語便是作賓語，而關系副詞則是作狀語。我們先來看關系代詞的用法。① that 的先行詞可以是人也可以是物。如： A plane is a machine that can fly� 這里先行詞是 machine 而 that 是關系代詞，在定語從句中作主語。這句譯為：飛機是一種會飛的機器。又如： I like the book (that) you lent me yesterday� 這里先行詞是 book， 關系代詞用 that， 它在定語從句中作 lend (借)的賓語。要注意的是關系代詞在定語從句中作賓語時可以省略，即： I like the book you lent me yesterday�② which 關系代詞的先行詞只能是物。它在定語從句中作主語或賓語，如： The book shop is a shop which sells books� 這里 shop 是先行詞， which 在從句中作主語。又如： The book (which) I read last night was wonderful� 這里主句是 The book was wonderful� 而定語從句是修飾主句的主語 book， 即我昨晚讀的那本書，which 在定語從句中作 read 的賓語，可以省略。�③ who， whom， whose� who 在定語從句中作主語， whom 是 who 的賓格，在定語從句中作賓語，而 whose 則是形容詞性物主代詞，在從句中作定語，如：The man who visited our school yesterday is an American friend� 昨天參觀我們學校的人是一位美國朋友。 Who 在定語從句中作主語。又如： Who's that woman (whom) you just talked to ? 你剛才與之談話的那個女人是誰?而 whom 作定語從句中介詞 to 的賓語，可以省略，而在現代英語中，句首的 whom 也常常可用 who代替。�This is our classmate， Mary， whose home is not far from our school� 這是我們的同學瑪麗，她的家離我們學校不遠。�為了便於理解，我們來看看是如何將兩句話並為一句話的。�
1． I saw the man.� He closed the door��
I saw the man who (that) closed the door�
2． The girl is happy� She won the race��
The girl who won the race is happy�
3． The students are from China� They sit in the front row��
The students who sit in the front row are from China�
(要注意的是先行詞是 students 則 who 的數也應看作復數。)�
4． We are studying sentences� They contain adjective dause��
We are studying sentences that (which) contain adjective dause� �
5． The taxi driver was friendly� He took me to the airport��
The taxi driver who took me to the airport was friendly� �
6． The book was good� I read it��
The book that I read was good��
The book I read was good� �
7． The people were very nice� We visited them yesterday��
The people we visited yesterday were very nice�
8． The man called the police� His wallet was stolen��
The man whose wallet was stolen called the police�
9． I come from a country� Its history goes back thousands of years��
I come from a country whose history goes back thousands of years�
10． I have to call the man� I picked up his umbrella after the meeting��
I have to call the man whose umbrella I picked up after the meeting�
關系代詞 whom， which 在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，可以和介詞一起放於先行詞與定語從句之間，有時為了關系緊湊也可以將 whom 與 which 與先行詞緊挨著書寫，而將介詞置於定語從句的後面，如：
That was the room in which we had lived for ten years� 或可以寫作：
That was the room which we had lived in for ten years��
He was the man whom(who) you were looking for� 要注意的是此句的關系代詞 whom 可以用主格取代，而 look for 是短語動詞也不可將 for 放於定語從句之前。that 作關系代詞作介詞賓語時，不能緊跟介詞，而只能將介詞置於定語從句的後面。如： The man that we were talking about has come to our school� 這時不可用 about that … 請看下面例句：�
1． The meeting was interesting� I went to it��
The meeting that I went to was interesting� �
2． The man was very kind� I talked to him yesterday��
The man who I talked to yesterday was very kind�
3． I must thank the people� I got a present from him��
I must thank the people who I got a present from�
4． The picture was beautiful� She was looking at it��
The picture that (which) she was looking at was beautiful�
5． The man is standing over there� I told you about him��
The man who I told you about is standing over there�
�
除關系代詞外，還有關系副詞， when， where， why， 其中 when用來指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語。如： I never forget the day when I first came to the Great Wall� 而 where 則指地點，如： This is the house where the old man lives� 請看下面例句：
1． The city was beautiful� We spent our vacation there��
The city where we spent our vacation was beautiful�
�
2． That is the restaurant� I will meet you there��
That is the restaurant where I will meet you�
�
3． The town is small� I grew up there��
The town where I grew up is small�
�
4． That is the drawer� I keep my newpapers there��
That is the drawer where I keep my newspapers�
�
5． Monday is the day� We will come then��
Monday is the day� When we will came�
�
6． 7∶05 is the time My plane arrives then��
7∶05 is the time when my plane arrives�
�
7． 1960 is the year� The revolution took place then��
1960 is the year when the revolution took place�
�
8． July is the month� The weather is usually the hottest then��
July is the month when the weather is usually the hottest� �
在定語從句中又可分為兩大類定語從句，即限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。�
① 限制性定語從句是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語，如果去掉的話，主句的意思就不完整，意義就表述不明。這種句型一般定語從句緊接先行詞，如：�I was the only person in my office who was invited��
② 非限制性定語從句。它與主句的關系不十分密切，只是對其附加說明，也就是講即便去掉定語從句，句意也不受影響，仍然清晰明了。這樣的定語從句要在它和主句之間加一逗號分開。且關系代詞不引導這種非限制性定語從句，如： Abraham Lincoln， who led the United States through these years， was shot on April 14， 1865 at a theatre in washington� D． C． 又如：Galileo lived in the city of Pisa， where there is a leaning tower about 180 feet high���
（二） 正誤辨析 �
〔誤〕 I won't tell you the name of the person who teach me English� �
〔正〕 I won't tell you the name of the person who teaches me English� �
〔析〕 在定語從句中，關系代詞作主語時，從它本身看不出其數的形式，這時要由它的先行詞決定。這里who 應由 the person 單數決定，應該用單數謂語動詞。又如：I who am a student� want to find a spare time job�這里的 who 應與 I 是一致的，所以其謂語動詞應該用am。�
〔誤〕 We talked about the things and the people who we met ring the Second World War� �
〔正〕 We talked about the things and the people that we met ring the Second World War� �
〔析〕 這里的關系代詞不要用 who， 因為其先行詞有兩個一個是 things (物)，而另一個是people (人)，這時既不可用 who， 又不可用 which， 因前者只能用於先行詞是人的情況下，而後者則用於先行詞是物的情況下，所以只能用 that， 因為它的先行詞既可以是人又可以是物。�
〔誤〕 The book， that I bought yesterday， was very good�
〔正〕 The book， which I bought yesterday， was very good� �
〔析〕 先行詞與定語從句被逗號分割開來時，即作為非限制性定語從句。在非限制性定語從句中 which， when， who， whom， where， when， whose 等都可以和限制性定語從句中的作用一樣，而獨有 that 不易用於非限制性定語從句。�
〔誤〕 The dictionary which I lent it yesterday is a very useful tool� �
〔正〕 The dictionary which I lent yesterday is a very useful tool� �
〔析〕 關系代詞在定語從句中是要起語法作用的，它不是作主語就是作賓語。雖然在作賓語時它的位置由原來的賓語位置移到了句首，但它的作用依然存在，而且在原賓語位置上不能再出現賓語。�
〔誤〕 The teacher I want to learn English from is the one which comes from America
〔正〕 The teacher I want to learn English from is the one who comes from America
〔析〕 the one， anyone， those 作代詞並且是指某人、物時，其關系代詞不能用 which 應用 who。�
〔誤〕 This is the room in that the old man lives� �
〔正〕 This is the room in which the old man lives� �
〔正〕 This is the room which the old man lives in� �
〔正〕 This is the room that the old man lives in� �
〔析〕 that 不能緊跟在介詞後作介詞賓語，但如果介詞不前置仍放於句尾，則可用 that 作引導詞，而且可以省略。如： This is the room the old man lives in��
〔誤〕 I can do everything which is good for you� �
〔正〕 I can do everything that is good for you� �
〔析〕 在先行詞是 all， much， little， something， everything， anything， nothing， none， the one 等不定代詞時，雖然它們指的是物體，但不要用 which 而用 that 作定語從句的引導詞。�
〔誤〕 The only thing which the students can do is studying hard� �
〔正〕 The only thing that the students can do is studying hard� �
〔析〕 在先行詞前有 only， any， few， little， no， all， one of 等詞修飾時，雖然先行詞指的是物，也不要用 which 作關系代詞，而要用 that。�
〔誤〕 This is the first American film which I've ever seen� �
〔正〕 This is the first American film that I've ever seen� �
〔析〕 在先行詞是序數詞，或由序數詞修飾時，其關系代詞不可用 which� 這樣的用法還有在形容詞最高級修飾的先行詞之後，如： This is the best book that I have ever seen
〔誤〕 He is from Africa, that we can see from the colour of the skin� �
〔正〕 He is from Africa, as we can see from the colour of the skin� �
〔析〕 當 as 或 which 引導非限制性定語從句時，它可能沒有明確的先行詞，它們所指代的是前面整個句子。如例題應譯為他是從非洲來這個事情是可以從其膚色上看出的。