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高三英語閱讀理解同義詞

發布時間: 2023-08-18 12:13:45

① 與閱讀有關的英語單詞

1)read v.閱讀

Most Chinese students can read English but can't speak it.

許多中國學生看得懂英語,但不會說。

2)peruse v.細讀,研讀

You should peruse the instructions carefully before using this camera.

在使用照相機之前,請仔細閱讀使用說明。

3)print v.印刷

The boss asked us to print the posters

老闆吩咐我們印製海報。

4)typography n.印刷術,版面設計

As we all know typography is one of the old inventions of our country

眾所周知,印刷術是我國古老發明之一。

5)capitalize v.用大寫字母印刷

In order to catch the readers' attention, they capitalized the headlines

為了吸引讀者注意,標題用了大寫字母印刷。

6)italic adj. (印刷或書寫)斜體的

Why were the two lines written in italic type?

為什麼這兩行文字要寫成斜體的格式?

7)press n.報刊雜志

He always refused to answer to the questions about his private life when being asked by the press

當媒體問及他的私生活,他總是拒絕回答。

8).press office 新聞辦公室

If you want to find him, please go to the press office

如果你想找他,請到新聞辦公室去。

9)report v.報道

It is reported that water resource will be a big problem in large cities of our country.

據報道水資源缺乏將成為我國大城市的一個重大難題。

10)publish v.出版,發行

This book will be published soon

這本書不久將會出版。

11) n.一份,一冊,復本

Please post us the copies of all your credentials

請把你所有證件的復印件寄給我們。

12)edit v.編輯,校訂

He spent three months in editing this book

他編這本書花了3個月時間。

13)proofread v.校對,勘校

I found that this book needed to be proofread

我發現這本書需要校對。

14)compile v.編寫

It took him three years to compile this dictionary.

編這本詞典花了他3年時間。

15)revise v.修改,修訂

Our teacher asked you to revise the errors in your composition.

老師要求你修改一下你作文里的錯誤。

16)journal n.報紙,刊物,日誌

He likes reading some medical journals

他喜歡讀些醫學雜志。

17)news n.新聞

Today I heard explosive news that Lisa was my boss' daughter

今天我聽到個爆炸新聞,麗薩竟然是我老闆的女兒。

18)newsreel n.新聞短片

1I is an overwhelming and instructive newsreel

它是一個震撼人心並且有教育意義的新聞短片。

19)newspaper n.報紙

My father has a habit that he reads newspapers after the dinner.

父親有晚飯後讀報紙的習慣。

20)magazine n.雜志

We will try our best to increase the circulation of the magazine.

我們要盡力增加這種雜志的發行量。

21)contributor n.投稿人

ff you want to be a regular contributor to Time magazine, you must pass an imporatnt test

如果你想要成為《時代》雜志的投稿人,你必須通過一個重要的測試。

22)media n.媒體

He suggested us not to neglect the power of the media.

他建議我們不要忽視媒體的力量。

23)coverage n.新聞報道

Have you ever read the coverage of that great event?

你看過那個重大事件的新聞報道嗎?

24)headline n.(報紙的)大字標題

It is no doubt that we should design an eye-catching headline.

毫無疑問,我們應該設計一個醒目的標題。

25)paperback n.紙封面本,普及本,平裝書

Which do you want to borrow, paperback or hardback?

你想借哪一種,平裝本還是精裝本?

拓展:

高三學生積累英語單詞的技巧分享閱讀方法

1.邏輯記憶:通過詞的本身的內部邏輯關系,詞與詞之間的外部邏輯關系記憶單詞。

1)把幾個字母看作做一個來記如:"ight" light, right, fight, night, might, sight, tight

2)外舊內新,如:bridge 「橋」看成 b+ridge ridge "山脊」sharp 看成 s+harp harp "豎琴。

3)外新內舊,如:cleave 「劈開」看成 c+leave, tact "機智:看成 t+act

2 聯想記憶:1)音與形的聯想,即根據讀音規則記憶單詞。2)形與義的聯想,如:eye 把兩個e看成兩個眼。banana 把a看成一個個的香蕉。bird把b和d看成兩個翅膀。3)象聲詞,聯想實際的聲音,如:gong 鑼 coo 咕咕聲。

3.構詞記憶:利用構詞法,通過分析詞根、前綴、後綴、派生和合成等記憶單詞。

4.分類記憶:把單詞進行分門類 如:動物,植物等,進行分類記憶。你可以找一本分類字典作為參考。

5.卡片記憶:自製作單詞卡片隨時隨身進行記單詞,卡片寫上單詞的詞形、詞性、詞義、音標、搭配、例句等。

6.詞典記憶:即背字典,這種訣竅是一種強行記憶的訣竅。它的缺點是容易忘記,只是孤立記住單詞的意義。可以作為一種短時間的'強化手段。

7.比較記憶:1)英漢比較 如:mama, cigar, beer, bar,fee等。2)單復數的比較 如:good-goods,spirit-spirits wood-woods 3)同音詞的比較如:right-write, eye-I 4)詞的陰陽性的比較如:actor-actress host-hostess

8.理解記憶:通過正確理解單詞的本義、引申義和比喻義等如:second 是「秒」,它來源於古代的六分法,分,秒,它是二次劃分,因此second也是「第二」,進一步引申,還可理解為「輔助」用這種訣竅特別適合那些一詞多義的詞。

9.聯系記憶:記憶單詞最好不要孤立地記,盡可能地和有關的東西聯系來記。1)聯系所學的文章大概意義,聯繫上下文,2)聯系短語和搭配

10.感官記憶:記單詞時,不要只用一種感官,盡可能地用多個感官,耳聽、嘴讀、手寫、眼看、心記等。

11.軟體記憶:有電腦的可利用電腦軟體進行記單詞,如:《開心背單詞》、《開天闢地背單詞》、《我愛背單詞》等。

12.經驗記憶:通過經驗英語文章,小說等記憶單詞,注意選擇難度要適宜。

13.同義記憶:通過同義詞一起進行單詞記憶,可確切理解詞義,這時不必注意它們的意義的區別。

14.反義記憶:通過反義詞一起進行單詞記憶,擴大了詞義。

15.圖表記憶:利用形象的圖表進行記憶,它的優點是意、形、物直觀的結合到一起。你可以找一本英語圖解字典作為參考。

16.游戲記憶:通過自己和集體做游戲』在輕松愉快的氣氛中進行記憶單詞,你可以參照筆者主頁上的「英語游戲」。

17.歌曲記憶:通過唱英語歌曲記憶單詞,「聽霸」「聽力超人」等軟體中有許多英文歌曲,並配有歌詞和譯文。

18.復習記憶:單詞記住了,很快會忘掉,每隔一段時間要進行復習,鞏固所學單詞

19.商標記憶:通過看到的商標和廣告隨時隨地進行記憶單詞。

20.綜合記憶:記憶單詞最好綜合利用多種訣竅,而不只是一種,利用各自的優點。

高中英語常見的近義詞同義詞

替換很重要!作文一定要注意替換,也就是多樣性!

我給你的替換詞如下:

一、括弧里的為庸俗詞:

會用吧??要不我給你覺得例子,簡單的:

There are a lot of people in the park.

很爛吧,你可以替換成:

A team of indivils are in the park.

a team of 同義於 a lot of
indivials同義於 people.

1.indivials,characters, folks替換(people ,persons)

2: positive, favorable, rosy (美好的),promising(有希望的),perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior替換good

3:dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill (有害的)替換bad如果bad做表語,可以有be less impressive替換

eg.An army of college students inlge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms. When it approaches to graation ,as a result, they find their academic records are less impressive.

4.(an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,a host of, many, if not most)替換many.

註:用many, if not most 一定要小心,many後一定要有詞。

Eg. Many indivials, if not most, harbor the idea that….同理 用most, if not all ,替換most.

5: a slice of, quiet a few , several替換some

6:harbor the idea that, take the attitude that,hold the view that, it is widely shared that,

it is universally acknowledged that)替think(因為是書面語,所以要加that)

7:affair ,business ,matter 替換thing

8: shared 代 common

9.reap huge fruits 替換get many benefits )

10:for my part ,from my own perspective 替換 in my opinion

11:Increasing(ly),growing 替換more and more( 注意沒有growingly這種形式。所以當修飾名詞時用increasing/growing.修飾形容詞,副詞用increasingly.

Eg.sth has gained growing popularity.Sth is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth.

12.little if anything, 或little or nothing替換hardly

13..beneficial, rewarding替換helpful,

14.shopper,client,consumer,purchaser, 替換customer

15.exceedingly,extremely, intensely 替換very

16.hardly necessary, hardly inevitable ... 替換 unnecessary, avoidable

17.sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替換sb take interest in / sb. be interested in

18.capture one's attention替換attract one's attention.

19.facet,demension,sphere代aspect

20.be indicative of ,be suggestive of ,be fearful of代 indicate, suggest ,fear

21.give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替換cause.

22. There are several reasons behind sth 替換..reasons for sth

23.desire 替換want.

24.pour attention into 替換pay attention to

25.bear in mind that 替換remember

26. enjoy, possess 替換have(注意process是過程的意思)

27. interaction替換communication

28.frown on sth替換 be against , disagree with sth

29.to name only a few, as an example替換 for example, for instance

30. next to / virtually impossible,替換nearly / almost impossible

二,前面的為庸俗詞,寫作文少用!因為比較簡單,你應該能看懂的。

1. important =crucial (extremely important),significant(amount or effect large enough to be important)
2. common=universal, ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere)
3. abundant=ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful(enough for people's needs and wants)
4. stick=adhere, cling(hold on something tightly)
5. neglect=ignore.(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something; ignore means no attention.)
6. near=adjacent(twothings next to each other), adjoin(the same as adjacent)
7. pursue=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek(if you seek sth, you try to obtain it. FORMAL)
8. accurate=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details), exact(correct in every detail)
9. vague=obscure(unknown or known by only a few people)
10. top=peak, summit
11. competitor=rival, opponent(especially in sports and politics)
12. blame=condemn(if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable)
13. opinion=perspective, standpoint(means looking at an event or situation in a particular way)
14. fame=prestige(describe those who are admired), reputation
15. build=erect(you can erect something as buildings, FORMAL), establish
16. insult=humiliate(do something or say something which makes people feel ashamed or stupid)
17. complain=grumble (complain something in a bad-tempered way)
18. primary=radical (very important and great in degree), fundamental
19. relieve=alleviate (alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe)
20. force=coerces into(coerce means you make someone do something s/he does not want to),compel
21. enlarge=magnify(magnify means make something larger than it really is)
22. complex=intricate(if something is intricate, it often has many small parts and details)
23. Lonely=solitary (if someone is solitary, there is no one near him/her
24. small=minuscule(very small), minute,
25. praise=extol(stronger than praise), compliment(polite and political)
26. hard-working=assious(someone who is assious works hard or does things very thoroughly
27. difficult=arous (if something is arous, it is difficult and tiring, and involves a lot of efforts)
28. poor(soil)=barren, infertile(used to describe the soil is so poor that plants cannot be planted on it)
29. fragile=brittle, vulnerable(someone who is vulnerable is easily hurt emotionally or physically)
30. show=demonstrate (to demonstrate a fact means tp make it clear to people.)
31. big=massive(large in size, quantity, or extent), colossal(use this word, you emphasize something』s large), tremendous(INFORMAL)
32. avoid=shun(if someone shuns something, s/he deliberately avoid that something or keep away from it.)
33. fair=impartial(someone who is impartial is able to give a fair opinion or decision on something.)
34. attack=assault (physically attack someone), assail (attack violently
35. dislike=abhor(abhor means you hate something to a extreme extent for moral reasons), loathe(dislike very much)!
36. ruin=devastate (it means damage something very badly, or utterly destroy it.)
39. always=invariably(the same as always, but better than always)
40. forever=perpetual(a perpetual state never changes), immutable(something immutable will never change or be changed)
41. surprise=startle(it means surprise you slightly), astound(surprise you to a large degree),astonish(the same as astound)
42. enthusiasm=zeal (a great enthusiasm), fervency (sincere and enthusiasm)#
43. quiet=tranquil(calm and peaceful), serene(calm and quiet)!
44. expensive=exorbitant(it means too expensive that it should be)
45. luxurious=lavish(impressive and very expensive), sumptuous(grand and very expensive
46. boring=tedious(if you describe something tedious, you mean it is boring and frustrating)
47. respect=esteem(if you esteem someone, you respect and admire him/her. FORMAL)
48. worry=fret(if you fret about something, you worry about it)
49. cold=chilly(unpleasantly cold), icy(extremely cold)
50. hot=boiling(very hot)
51. dangerous=perilous(very dangerous, hazardous(dangerous, especially to people's safety and health)
52. nowadays=currently
53. only=unique(the only one of its kind), distinctive;
54. stop=cease(if something ceases, it stops happening or existing)
55. part=component(the components of something are the parts that it is made of)( h
56. result=consequence(the results or effects of something)
57. obvious=apparent, manifest
58. basedon=derived fromcan see or notice them very easily)
60. quite=fairly
61. pathetic=lamentable(very uncomfortable and disappointing)
62. field=domain(a particular field of thought, activities or interest)
63. appear=emerge(come into existence)
64. whole=entire(the whole of something)8
65. wet=moist(slightly wet), damp(slightly wet), humid(very damp and hot)!
66. wrong=erroneous(incorrect or partly correct)
67. difficult=formidable
68. change=convert(change into another form)
69. typical=quintessential(this word means represent a typical example of something)
70. careful=cautious(very careful in order to avoid danger), prudent(careful and sensible)
71. ability=capacity, capability(the same as ability)
72. strange=eccentric(if some one is eccentric, s/he behaves in a strange way, or his/her opinion is different from most people)
73. rich=affluent(if you are affluent, you have a lot of money)
74. use= utilize (the same as use)
75. bious=skeptical(if you are skeptical about something, you have doubts on it.)
76. satisfy=gratify (if you are gratified by something, it gives you pleasure and satisfaction)
77. short=fleeting, ephemeral(if something is ephemeral, it lasts a short time)
78. scholarship=fellowship
79. angry=enraged(extremely angry)
80. smelly=malodorous(used to describe an unpleasant smell)
81. ugly=hideous(if something is hideous, it is very ugly or unattractive)#
82. attractive=appealing(pleasing and attractive), absorbing(something absorbing can attract you a great deal)
83. diverse=miscellaneous(a miscellaneous groups consists of many different kinds of things)
84. disorder=disarray, chaos
85. crazily=frantically(used to describe someone who behaves in a wild and uncontrolled way)
86. rapid=meteoric(ATTENTION: meteoric is only used to describe someone achieves success quickly)
87. ordinary=mundane(very ordinary and not at interesting or unusual)
88. despite=notwithstanding(FORMAL)
89. best=optimal(used to describe the best level something can achieve)/
90. sharp=acute(severe and intense)
91. unbelievable=inconceivable(ifyou deem something inconceivable, you think it very unlike to happen ^
92. puzzle=perplex(something perplex someone means it confuses and worries him/her because he/she does not understand it)
93. method=avenue(away of getting something done)
94. famous=distinguished(used to describe people who are successful in their career)
95. ancient=archaic(extremely old and extremely old-fashioned)
96. decorate=embellish(embellish means make something look more attractive via decorating it with something else)/
97. possible=feasible(if something is feasible, it can be done, made or achieved)
98. so=consequently, accordingly
99. rare=infrequent (doesn』t happen often
100. greedy=rapacious(greedy and selfish)

另外,上面那位網友說的很正確,你把自己的作文寫到office word上,不但可以檢測語法拼寫錯誤(紅色波浪線),還可以查看同義詞。方法和他說的一樣....

你還可以hi我!

③ 英語閱讀題里的常用詞和常用句有哪些啊

反正我也是個初中生,其實我覺得你的這個問題有些讓人琢磨不透,我們初中內閱讀的范圍非常廣泛,其實容你也許還是不明白你的英語為什麼沒有提高吧,如果不介意,我來告訴你吧。
首先想很好的消化和理解閱讀題,你平常就要加大積累量,你積累的多了,自然會的也就多了,在遇到閱讀難題的時候你也會覺得很輕松。
其次是你在做閱讀題的時候一定要靜下心來好好揣摩一下句子要表達的意圖。然後再進行答題。
在就是要好好審題,不要所問非所答的。
我認為這三點足夠重要了吧
其實你明白方法,比知道那些死的片語要好。
我交給你的方法你可以隨機應變
方法是活的,但語法是死的
你喜歡靈活的掌握,還是死記硬背呢?

④ 高考英語閱讀理解題型及解題技巧

高考英語閱讀理解題型及解題技巧如下:
1、題型分類:主旨大意題,答題技巧:閱讀理解文章多是議論文和說明文,這兩種文體的結構可歸納為:提出問題——論述問題——得出結論或者闡明觀點。對於這類文章,抓主題句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。
2、細節理解題,答題技巧:可直接找到相關細節,但需經過計算方可找到答案。
3、推理判斷題,答題技巧:推斷題是考查大家透過文章表面的文字信息進行分析、綜合、歸納等邏輯推理的能力。推理和判斷必須以事實為依據,切莫主觀臆斷。
4、詞義猜測題,答題技巧:通過因果關系猜詞通過因果關系猜詞。專業老師在線權威答疑 zy.offercoming.com

⑤ 什麼是英語閱讀理解中詞彙的同現關系

英語閱讀理解中詞彙的同現關系:同現關系指的是詞彙共同出現的傾向性.在語篇中,圍繞一定的話題,一定的詞往往會同時出現.
現代語言學重要學派之一.創始人是J.R.弗斯."借、讀、還"都能與"書"一起出現,這種同現關系他稱之為"搭配".據他看來,非但語法有搭配,語音也有搭配.例如英語有lint[lint],link[li嬜k],但是沒有[li嬜p],因為[嬜]和這兩個音在這個位置上不能搭配.
篇章是一些意義相關的句子通過一定的粘合手段,按煦一定的思維模式,為找到一定的交際目的而結合起來的語義毖體.粘合(cohesion)是語篇特徵的重要內容,它體現『語篇的表層結構上.粘合手段分為五大類:照應(referenee)、替代(substitution)、省略(ellipsis)、連接詞語(.njunetion)和詞彙粘合(Lexieal.ohesior、).其中詞彙粘合又可分為兩大類:即復現(reiteratio:i)和同現(c ollocation).①同現指的是詞彙共同出現的傾向性.在語篇中圍繞著一定的話題,一些意義上相互聯系的詞語往往會同時出現在同一語篇中,而其他一些詞語就不大會出現或根本不會出現.同現主要指反義詞同現(antonym)、互補詞同現.
1.詞彙銜接:
Hoey曾經說過,詞彙銜接是銜接中最突出的形式,占篇章中銜接紐帶的40%左右.[2]胡壯麟也指出「詞彙銜接指語篇中出現的一部分詞彙相互之間存在語義上的聯系,或重復、或由其他詞語替代、或共同出現.只有詞彙的相對集中,才能保證語篇的主題和語義場取得統一」.因此,根據語篇詞彙銜接的知識對語篇信息進行處理將是一種提高閱讀理解能力的方式.詞彙銜接主要有兩種形式,即同現和復現.同現關系指的是詞彙共同出現的傾向性.在語篇中,圍繞一定的話題,一定的詞往往會同時出現,而另一些詞就不大可能出現或根本不出現,因此同現關系與語篇范圍關系密切.如:(1)He told me that in some places customers don』t bargain about prices.(customers,bargain和prices為名詞與名詞的同現)(2)The purpose of teaching is to stimulate the curiosity and creativity of students.(teaching和students是名詞與名詞的同現,stimulate,curiosity和creativity為動詞和名詞的同現)復現指某一個詞以原詞、同義詞、近義詞、上下義詞或概括詞等形式在語篇中重復出現.語篇中的句子之間可以通過這種復現關系達到相互銜接.請看下面的例子:(3)The smokers suffer a lot.In fact,the non-smokers who must breathe the air polluted by tobacco smokes may suffer more than the smokers themselves.(其中的smokers和suffer皆為原詞復現)(4)He is always eager to see new places and keen to meet new people.(eager和keen為同義詞的復現)
2.語法銜接:
正如著名語言學家王宗炎所談到的「銜接是詞彙和語法方面的手段,連貫是採用這些手段得到的效果,有的學生看文章,總覺得抓不住重點,摸不出脈絡,往往是由於忽略了銜接和連貫的重要環節的作用」.實際上,每個作者在寫作時都有一定的寫作意圖,每篇文章都有一定的中心思想,作者在安排語言材料的時候必須圍繞著寫作的意圖和文章的中心思想來安排.所以,文章的段與段之間、每一段里的句與句之間必然有一定的內在聯系,即文章的意念聯絡關系,文章正是通過這種關系來達到整體連貫,而表現連貫的手段就是銜接.因此,在閱讀教學中,教師可以把課文中出現的連貫和銜接現象傳授給學生,讓他們運用銜接手段,並結合非語言知識對文章進行推理,從而實現深入理解.(1)照應在語篇中,如果對於一個詞語的解釋不能從詞語本身獲得,而必須從該詞所指的對象中尋求答案,這就產生了照應(anaphora)關系.因此,照應是一種語義關系,它指的是語篇中一個成分作為另一個成分的參照點,也就是說,語篇中一個語言成分與另一個可以與之相互解釋的成分之間的關系.例如:在Some Strategies for Learning English這篇文章中,作者詳細介紹了學習英語的一些策略,文章第二段Nevertheless,while you cannot expect to gain a good command of English without sustained hard work,there are various helpful learning strategies you can employ to make the task easier.Here are some of them.此句中them指的是語篇上文中指出various helpful learning strategies,也就是說them和various helpful learning strategies構成了照應關系;而some則包括下文的六個策略,即Do not treat all new words in exactly the same way,Watch out for idiomatic ways of saying things,Listen to English every day,Seize opportunities to speak,Read widely和Write regularly,同樣,some和下文的這六個策略之間也構成了照應關系.因此,在閱讀教學中,教師可以提醒學生注意這些照應關系,這樣學生在理解課文方面也就會容易得多了.(2)替代與省略替代指用替代形式來替代上下文的成分,從而達到既避免重復,又使語篇銜接的目的.例如:A:Mary is very good at handling difficult customers.B:Oh,I don』t think so.(so替代上一句Mary is very good at handling difficult customers)省略指的是為了避免重復,把語言結構中的某個成分省去不提,從而達到簡練、緊湊、清晰的表達的一種修辭方式.語篇中的省略結構,從某種程度上講在句法上是不完整的,但這並不意味著它是不可理解的,因為閱讀者可以從上下文中找到被省略的成分.也就是說,省略結構的出現,本身就預設了被省略成分的存在.因此,閱讀者可以根據閱讀的需要,從上下文中尋找出那些被省略的語言成分來補足省略結構,達到理解的目的.在語篇中的句子層面上,運用省略手段可以使句子成分之間的關系更加緊湊.

⑥ 【考試必備】高中英語閱讀理解解題技巧超強分析!

【 #英語資源# 導語】高中英語在高考總成績中占據150分的分值,很多高中同學都誤認為只要基礎知識掌握牢固就萬事OK了,其實,高中英語的解題更需要一定的技巧,掌握高效的解題技巧能夠事半功倍,輕松應對高考英語難題。 為大家整理了高考英語閱讀理解部分的答題技巧解析,希望能幫助到大家學習。




通過詳細分析歷年高考英語試卷,我們可將閱讀理解分為以下幾種題型:主旨大意題,細節理解題,推理判斷題(含寫作意圖、目的等),詞義猜測題。英語閱讀理解題的技巧與策略是學生提高閱讀理解多需要具備的。


一、 主旨大意題


這類題在設題時常會用到title, subject, main idea, topic, theme等詞。


1.歸納標題題


特點:短小精悍,一般多為一個短語;涵蓋性強,一般能覆蓋全文意思;精確性強,表達范圍要恰當,不能隨意改變語意程度或色彩。常見命題形式有:


What』s the best title for the text?


The best title for this passage is ___.


Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?


2. 概括大意題


包括尋找段落大意(topic)和文章中心思想(main idea),常見命題形式有:


What is the general/main idea of the passage? Which of the following expresses the main idea? What is the subject discussed in the text?


BThe writer of the story wants to tell us that_____. The passage/ text is mainly about_____. What』s the article mainly about ?


解題技巧


閱讀理解文章多是議論文和說明文 ,這兩種文體的結構可歸納為:絕仿悄提出問題——論述問題——得出結論或者闡明觀點。對於這類文章,抓主題句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。主題句一般出現在文章的開頭或結尾。主題句具有簡潔性、概括性的特點。主題句在文章中的位置主要有以下幾種情況。


位於段首 :一般而言,以演繹法撰寫的文章,主題句往往在文章的開頭,即先點出主題,然後圍繞這一主題作具體的陳述。判斷第一句是否為主題句,可具體分析段落的首並渣句與第二,三句的關系;如果從第二句就開始大信對第一句進行說明,論述或描述,那第一句就是主題句。有些段落,在主題句後面有明顯引出細節的信號詞,如for example, an example of; first, second, next, last, finally; to begin with, also, besides; one, the other; some, others等。在閱讀中應盡量利用上述信號詞來確定主題句的位置。


位於段尾 :有些文章會在開頭列舉事實, 然後通過論證闡述作者的核心論點。因此,如果第一句話不是概括性的或綜合性的話,快速讀一讀段落的最後一個句子,看看它是否具備主題句的特徵。如果它具備主題句的特徵,段落的主題思想就很容易確定了。一般說來,當一種觀點不易向人解釋清楚或不易被人接受時,主題句便會到段落的末尾才出現。學生可以充分利用引出結論的信號詞。如so,therefore,thus,consequently;in conclusion,in short;in a word, to sum up等來確定主題句的位置在段尾。當無明顯的此類信號時,學生可在段落的最後一句話前面添加一個引出結論的信號詞,以確定其是否是主題句。


位於段中 :有時段落是先介紹背景和細節,接著用一句綜合或概括性的話概括前面所說的內容或事例,然後再圍繞主題展開對有關問題的深入討論。這種文章的主題句往往會在段落中間出現。歸納起來主要有兩種情況:先提出問題,然後給予回答(主題句),最後給予解釋;或者,先提出問題,然後點出主題思想(主題句),最後給予解釋。


首尾呼應 :主題句在段落的開頭和結尾兩個位置上先後出現,形成前呼後應的格局。這兩個主題句敘說的是同一個內容,但用詞不盡相同,這樣不但強調了主題思想,而且顯得靈活多變。這兩個句子並非簡單重復,後一個主題句或對該主題作最後的評述,或對要點作一概括,或使之引申留給讀者去思考。


無明確主題句 :找關鍵詞(出現頻率較高), 歸納總結。


注意


新題型中有一個選項是干擾項,解答此類題時同學易犯以下三種錯誤:


(1)表述過於片面,只涵蓋該段個別細節;


(2)表述太過於籠統,已經超出該段的內容;


(3)表述與段落內容無關,在段落中找不到相關依據


二、細節理解題


考查內容主要涉及時間、地點、人物、事件、原因、結果、數字等議論文中例證細節和定義類細節。這類題目的共同特點是:答案一般都能在文章中找到。當然,答案並不一定是文章中的原句,考生需要根據文章提供的信息自己組織語句回答問題。


1.事實細節題→尋讀法


分為直接理解題和間接理解題,前者常用who, what, which, when, where, why和how提問,或判斷正誤;後者需與原文信息轉換,表達上與原文有差異。常見命題形式有:


What can we learn from the passage?


All the following are mentioned except


Which of the following is mentioned (not mentioned)?


Which of the following statements is true/right/false/wrong about…?


2. 排列順序題→首尾定位法(找出第一個事件和最後一個事件,用排除法縮小范圍)


常出現在記敘文和說明文中,一般按事件發生的順序。常見命題形式有:


Which of the following is the correct order of…? Which of the following shows the path of signals described in Paragraph…?


3. 圖文匹配題→按圖索驥理清線索


設題形式:給出圖表,根據圖表提問問題。


4. 數字計算題→(方法:審題→帶著問題找細節→對比、分析、計算)


可直接找到相關細節,但需經過計算方可找到答案。


三、推理判斷題


主要考查學生對文章中隱含或深層的含意的理解能力。 它要求考生根據文章內容做出合乎邏輯的推斷,包括考生對作者觀點的理解,態度的判斷,對修辭、語氣、隱含意思等的理解。題干關鍵詞:infer(推斷),indicate(象徵,暗示), imply/suggest(暗示), conclude(作出結論), assume(假定,設想).


1.細節推理判斷題


一般可根據短文提供的信息或藉助生活常識進行推理判斷,常見命題形式有:


It can be inferred/ concluded from the text that __________.


The author implies/ suggests that_____.


We may infer that _________.


Which of the following statements is implied but NOT stated?


2.預測推理判斷題


根據語篇對文章接下來的內容或可能的結局進行猜測,常見命題形式有: What do you think will happen if/when…?


At the end of this passage, the writer might continue to write_____


3.推測文章來源或讀者對象


常見命題形式有:


The passage is probably take out of_____


The passage would most likely be found in_____


Where does this text probably come from?


4.寫作意圖、目的、態度推斷題


作者的語氣態度往往不會直接寫在文章里,只能通過細讀文章,從作者的選詞及其修飾手段中體會出來。


詢問寫作目的的題,選項里常出現的詞是: explain(解釋), prove (證明), persuade(勸說), advise(勸告), comment(評論), praise(贊揚), criticize(批評), entertain(娛樂), demonstrate(舉例說明), argue(辯論), tell(講述), analyze(分析)等。


詢問語氣態度的題,選項里常出現的詞是: neutral(中立的), sympathetic(同情的), satisfied(滿意的), friendly(友好的), enthusiastic(熱情的), subjective(主觀的), objective(客觀的), matter-of-fact(實事求是的), pessimistic(悲觀的), optimistic(樂觀的), critical(批評的), doubtful(懷疑的), hostile(敵對的), indifferent(冷淡的), disappointed(失望的)。


常見命題形式有:


The purpose of the text is_____


What is the main purpose of the author writing the text? By mentioning…, the author aims to show that_____


What is the author』s attitude towards…?


What is the author』s opinion on…?


The author』s tone in this passage is _____.


解答技巧


推斷題是考查學生透過文章表面的文字信息進行分析、綜合、歸納等邏輯推理的能力。推理和判斷必須以事實為依據,切莫主觀臆斷。


①那些文章中直接陳述的內容不能選,要選擇根據文章推理出來的選項。


②推理不是憑空猜測,而是立足已知推斷未知;作出正確答案時一定要在文中找到依據或理由。


③要忠實於原文,以文章提供的事實和線索為依據。不能以自己的觀點代替作者的想法;不要脫離原文主觀臆斷。


四、詞義猜測題


考點:


①猜測某個詞、片語、句子的意義


②對文中的多義詞或片語進行定義


③判斷某個代詞的指代的對象。常見命題形式有:


The underlined word/phrase in the second paragraph means _____.


The word 「it/they」 in the last sentence refers to______.


The word 「…」(Line 6. para.2)probably means ______.


The word 「…」(Line 6. para.2)could best be replaced by which of the following?


Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word 「…」 ?


解答技巧


1.通過因果關系猜詞通過因果關系猜詞


首先是找出生詞與上下文之間的邏輯關系,然後才能猜詞。有時文章藉助關聯詞(如because,as,since,for,so,thus,as a result,of course,therefore等等)表示前因後果。


例如:You shouldn't have blamed him for that,for it wasn't his fault. 通過for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的錯),可猜出blame的詞義是"責備"。


2.通過同義詞和反義詞的關系猜詞


通過同義詞猜詞 ,一是要看由and或or連接的同義詞片語,如happy and *,即使我們不認識*這個詞,也可以知道它是愉快的意思;二是看在進一步解釋的過程中使用的同義詞,如Man has known something about the planets Venus,Mars,and Jupiter with the help of spaceships. 此句中的Venus(金星)、Mars(火星)、Jupiter(木星)均為生詞,但只要知道planets就可猜出這幾個詞都屬於"行星"這一義域。


通過反義詞猜詞 ,一是看錶轉折關系的連詞或副詞,如but,while,however等;二是看與not搭配的或表示否定意義的詞語,如:He is so homely,not at all as handsome as his brother.根據not at all...handsome我們不難推測出homely的意思,即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。


3.通過構詞法猜詞


根據前綴、後綴、復合、派生等構詞知識判斷生詞詞義。如:She is unlikely to have stolen the money. ( 「un」含否定意義,故為「不太可能」之意。)


4.通過定義或釋義關系來推測詞義


例如:But sometimes,no rain falls for a long,long time. Then there is a dry period,or drought. 從drought所在句子的上文我們得知很久不下雨,於是便有一段乾旱的時期,即drought,由此可見drought意思為"久旱","旱災"。而a dry period和drought是同義語。這種同義或釋義關系常由is,or,that is,in other words,be called或破折號等來表示。


5.通過句法功能來推測詞義


例如:Bananas,oranges,pineapples,coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生詞,我們可以從這兩個詞在句中所處的位置來判斷它們大致的意思。從句中不難看出pineapples,coconuts和bananas,oranges是同類關系,同屬fruit類,因此它們是兩樣水果,准確地說,是菠蘿和椰子。


6.通過描述猜詞


描述即作者對該人或該物作出的外在相貌或內在特徵的描寫。例如:The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly,it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.從例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一種生活在南極的鳥類。後面更詳盡地描述了該鳥類的生活習性。


7. 根據常識猜詞


如:The door was so low that he hit his head on the lintel.(lintel 「過梁」。)


Afraid of waking the baby up, she tiptoed out of the room.(tiptoed 「踮著腳走,躡手躡腳」)

⑦ 高考英語「七選五補全閱讀題」十大解題技巧

高考英語「七選五補全閱讀題」十大解題技巧

馬上就要高考了,我整理了一些比較有針對性的高考英語復習技巧資料給大家參考,希望可以幫助同學們提高自身綜合英語能力,戰勝高考。

技巧一:從細節邏輯上判斷---因果關系

在做題時最重要的是要讀懂空白前後的句子,明白這幾句話的確切意思,然後根據意思的連貫性或邏輯性從選項中選取正確答案。在讀懂意思的基礎上,判斷它們之間的關系來進一步確認答案。

因果關系主要指前後的句子有著原因和結果之間的關系,這種關系往往說明了前因後果或者前果後因等情況。表示因果關系的連詞有as a result結果,thus/therefore因此,so (such)...如此------以至於等。

技巧二:從細節邏輯上判斷---轉折關系

轉折關系主要指英語行文中後句對前句構成逆轉邏輯關系。如果空格前後兩句話之間是邏輯上的逆轉,則空格處很有可能是個轉折邏輯的句子。

表示轉折關系的連接詞有:However然而, nevertheless仍然,然而,不過, nonetheless盡管如此,依然,然而, still還;然而, though可是,不過,然而, yet然而, in spite of不顧,不管, at any rate無論如何,至少, in any case無論如何,不管怎樣, whoever無論是誰, whatever無論什麼,on the contrary正相反, in contrast與此相反, 相比之下, by contrast相反, 相比之下, in comparison比較起來,比較地, by comparison相比之下, conversely相反(地), otherwise否則;除此以外,not---but不是-----而是,as well也等。

技巧三:從細節邏輯上判斷---例證關系

前後句的某句是為了證明另一句而舉的例子。例證的形式多樣,但就其本質而言無非是思維上的形象(例子、類比等)和抽象(觀點)的辯證關系,用到的`思維過程無非就是基本的歸納(從例子到觀點)和推理(從觀點到例子)。

技巧四:從細節邏輯上判斷---遞進關系

遞進關系主要指英語行文中後句對前句是一種順承邏輯關系。如果空格前後兩句話之間是邏輯上的層進關系,則空格處很有可能是個遞進的句子。

表示遞進關系的連詞有:also也, 而且, further另外(的);, furthermore而且,此外, likewise同樣地,照樣地;也,又, similarly相似地,類似地, moreover而且再者,此外, in addition另外,加之, what’s more更重要的是, too也,還, either也, neither兩者都不, not only…but also不但…而且等。

技巧五:從細節邏輯上判斷---平列關系

表示列舉關系的有:first首先, 第一, second第二, third第三…; firstly第一, 首先, secondly第二(點);其次, thirdly第三…; first第一, next其次, then那麼, 然後…; in the first place第一,首先, in the second place第二, 其次…; for one thing首先,一則, for another thing其次…; to begin with首先,第一, to conclude首先,第一等

技巧六:從詞彙線索上判斷---代詞

英語表達中的代詞出現的頻率極高,代詞的作用是指代前面提及的名詞或形容詞概念,巧妙利用這樣的指代關系和根據代詞的單復數差異可以准確而快速地解題。

技巧七:從詞彙線索上判斷---同義詞/近義詞

英語前言後語之間往往有同義詞、近義詞、近義表達語甚至相同詞彙的重復使用,這是我們解題的一個很好的判斷線索。其實就其本質而言,上文講的代詞和下文將涉及的上下義詞和同一范疇詞都是特殊的同義/近義詞。

技巧八:從詞彙線索上判斷---上下義詞/同一范疇詞

上下義詞和同一范疇詞就是前者包含了後者,或可以說後者是前者的一個子集。利用前後句中這樣的特殊的同義關系常常可以很輕松地解題。

技巧九:從試題位置上判斷---問題在段首

假如問題出現在段首,它通常是段落主題句。認真閱讀後文內容,根據段落一致性原則,查找同義詞或其他相關的詞,推斷出主題句。

另外著重閱讀後文第一兩句,鎖定線索信號詞,然後在選項中查找相關特徵詞。

通常正確答案的最後一句與空白後的第一句在意思上是緊密銜接的,因此這兩句間會有某種的銜接手段,尤其當選項是幾句話時。

技巧十:從試題位置上判斷---問題在段尾

所選答案是引出下一段的內容。如果在選項中找不出與前文之間的關聯,此時可考慮與下一段開頭是否有一定的銜接。認真閱讀下一段開頭幾句,看是否與選項的最後一句緊密連接起來。

分析與前文是轉折或是對比關系。此時要注意在選項中查找表示轉折、對比的關聯詞,同時注意選項中所講內容是否與前文在同一主題上形成對立、對比關系。

如果第一段的段尾是空白,要認真閱讀,看此處是細節還是主題。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主題,如果在段尾提出主題,會用一些信號詞如轉折詞引出來,正確答案中應有這樣的特徵詞。

段尾通常是結論、概括性語句。注意在選項中查找表示結果、結論、總結等的信號詞,如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等詞語,選項中也可發現前文的同義詞句。

得高考英語者得天下,離高考還剩幾天,趁這段時間趕緊復習下高考英語應試技巧還來得及,希望我今天推薦的方法對大家有用。順便在這里預祝將要高考的同學們考試順利,高考英語六六六。

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⑧ 2020高考英語閱讀理解猜題技巧

2020高考英語晌友閱讀理解猜題技巧

俗話說,得閱讀者得高考!猜詞題是閱讀理解中相對簡單的一種題型。根據多年的高考英語教學經驗,我將猜詞題的類型進行了具體的分類,下面是我特意為大家整理了關於2020高考英語閱讀理解猜題技巧的相關材料,希望對您的工作和生活有幫助。

1.構詞法;2.同義詞;3.反義詞;4.上下文;

5.釋義法;6.因果題;7.代詞題;8.常識題

下面我來舉例說明。

1.構詞法:前綴、後綴、復合、派生等

Car rentals are becoming more and more popular as an inexpensive way of taking to the road.

Q: The underlined word “inexpensive” means _______.

A.cheap B.happy C.good D.painful

解析:劃線單詞inexpensive是一個派生詞,由否定前綴in和單詞expensive(昂搜缺貴的)構成,意思是“不昂貴的”,故選A (便宜的)。

2.同義詞(列舉法)

Signal words:for example, for instance, such as, like,as---as, etc.

Collins decided that she must go, although the hazards of the trip were many, for example, the unbearable heat, the possibility of getting lost, the presence of wild animals and poisonous snakes.

Q: The underlined word "hazard" means ___________________

A. pleasure B. problem C. danger D. attraction

解析:根據劃線詞hazard後面的舉例,“無法忍受的炎熱,可能迷路,野生動物和毒蛇的出現”世謹辯,這些都屬於“危險的事情”(danger),故選C。

3.反義詞

轉折詞:though, although, still, but, yet, instead, instead of, however, while, on the contrary, on the other hand, unlike, rather than, for one thing, for another等

Achild's birthday party doesn't have to be a hassle; instead, it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months.

Q: What does the underlined word "hassle" probably mean?

A. a party designed by specialists B. a plan requiring careful thought

C. a situation causing difficulty or trouble D. a demand made by guests

解析:根據劃線詞hassle後的轉折詞instead(相反),可以推斷出hassle是與a basket of fun(一筐樂趣)意思相反。故選C (一種導致困難或麻煩的情形)。

4.上下文:利用上下文提供的情景和線索推測

Food Network procer Flay hopes the young cook will find a place on the network television. He says Lieberman’s charisma is key. “Food TV isn’t about food anymore,” says Flay. “It’s about your personality(個性)and finding a way to keep people’s eyeballs on your show.”

Q: What does the word “charisma” underlined in the text refer to?

A. A natural ability to attract others. B. A way to show one’s achievement.

C. Lieberman’s after-class interest. D. Lieberman’s fine cooking skill.

解析:charisma為非考綱詞彙表上單詞,其詞義與下文的“It’s about your personality(個性)and finding a way to keep people’s eyeballs on your show.”有關。故選A(一種天然的吸引他人的能力)。

5.釋義法:使用定語(從句)、表語、同位語、冒號、破折號、分號等解釋說明

信息詞: means, refers to, be called, be known as, can be defined as, in other words, that is, that is to say......

William Shakespeare said. "The web of our life is of a mingled yarn (紗線), good and ill together."

Q: The underlined word "mingled" most probably means?

A.simple B.mixed C.sad D.happy

解析:根據後文的釋義,good and ill together,可以推斷劃線詞mingled的意思是“混合的”(minxed),故選B。

6.因果題

When some kind of pain killer (止痛葯) was brought out recently, researchers found that the colours turned the customers off because they made the proct look weak and ineffective(無效的).

Q: The underlined part "the colours turned the customers off" means that the colours_______

A.Attracted the customers strongly B.Had weak effects on the customers

C.Tricked the customers into shopping D.Caused the customers to lose interest

解析:根據because後的解釋,“因為他們使產品看起來軟弱和無效”,可以推斷出結果“導致顧客失去興趣”。故選D。

7.代詞題

信息詞:one,it,that,he,him或them等指代上文提到的人或事物。

Demands for pigeon-delivered money stopped as soon as the press reported the story. And even if they start again, Chen holds little hope of catching the criminal. “We have more important things to do,” he said.

Q: The underlined word“they”in the last paragraph refers to____.

A. criminals B. pigeons C. the stolen cars D. demands for money

解析:代詞指代必須符合就近原則,指代最近的上文提到的人或事物。復數代詞they指代復數名詞。故選D

8.常識題

Ifeel that since you are my superior (上司), it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do.

Q: The word "presumptuous" is closest in meaning to "____" .

A.full of respect B.rude and too confident

C.lacking in experience D.too shy and quiet

解析:常識題。在Kim看來,因為對方是自己的上司,告訴上司去做什麼,會顯得不禮貌(rude)、自負(too confident)。故選B。

經過分類整理,猜詞題的命題思路就變得非常清晰,了解了命題思路,做題時就有了方向。

當然,要想真正掌握這些策略,還需要大量的訓練實踐,不斷地吸收消化,最後融會貫通。

我是苗爸,“職業化家庭英語啟蒙訓練”推廣人。我會每天分享英語啟蒙和高考英語相關的原創文章。

今天的分享到此結束。我們明天再見!

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